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Tytuł:
Numerical Simulations of Heat and Moisture Transport in Thermal Protective Clothing Under Flash Fire Conditions
Autorzy:
Song, G.
Chitrphiromsri, P.
Ding, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
numerical model
protective clothing
moisture transport
flash fire condition
skin model
Opis:
A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing during exposure to a flash fire was introduced. The model was developed with the assumption that textiles are treated as porous media. The numerical model predictions were compared with experimental data from different fabric systems and configurations. Additionally, with the introduction of a skin model, the parameters that affect the performance of thermal protective clothing were investigated.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2008, 14, 1; 89-106
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal Performance Assessment of Heat Resistant Fabrics Based on a New Thermal Wave Model of Skin Heat Transfer
Autorzy:
Zhu, F.
Zhang, W.
Song, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
thermal performance
skin burn
skin simulant sensor
heat resistant fabrics
thermal wave skin model
ciepło
temperatura skóry
oparzenie
Opis:
A thermal wave skin model incorporating surface heat flux from a skin simulant sensor is developed to characterize the thermal performance of heat resistant fabrics covering the skin simulant sensor. Comparisons of time to 2nd-degree skin burn and temperature elevation of skin beneath a layer of fabric between the Pennes’ equation and the newly developed thermal wave skin model are performed in this research. Results of tolerance time from the Stoll criterion method are also compared with those from 2 skin models in a thermal protective performance calorimeter. It is concluded that the thermal properties of heat resistant fabrics can be characterized more precisely than previously.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 1; 43-51
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania materiałów włókienniczych w zakresie ich zdolności do transportu wilgoci
Investigations of moisture transport of textile materials
Autorzy:
Matusiak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/154392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
materiały włókiennicze
przepuszczalność pary wodnej
"model skóry"
Permetest
transport wilgoci
włókna profilowane
textile materials
moisture transport
skin model
profiled fibers
Opis:
Celem badań była ocena materiałów włókienniczych w zakresie przepuszczalności pary wodnej, będącej jedną z podstawowych właściwości materiałów włókienniczych z punktu widzenia ich zdolności do zapewnienia komfortu fizjologicznego. Badaniom poddano 29 próbek tkanin bawełnianych i bawełnianopodobnych o zróżnicowanej strukturze. Badania parametrów charakteryzujących przepuszczalność pary wodnej materiałów włókienniczych wykonano za pomocą zaizolowanej cieplnie pocącej się płyty oraz Permetestu. Oceniono zgodność wyników uzyskanych za pomocą obu metod pomiaru.
The aim of the presented work is to investigate textile materials from the point of view of their ability to transport the moisture. The water-vapour permeability is one of the most important comfort-related properties of textiles. It determines an ability to keep a human body dry and ensures natural body thermoregulation. There are some parameters expressing the ability of textile to transfer the moisture. The water-vapour resistance can be considered as one of the most important ones. It can be determined with the sweating guarded-hotplate test called “skin model” and the Permetest. Both instruments enable also measurement of other parameters character-izing the textile materials from the point of view of the moisture transport. In the presented work the “skin model” and Permetest were applied to measure the water-vapour permeability of 29 samples of cotton woven fabrics of different structure. The diversification of fabric structure was achieved by changing the linear density of weft as well as the number of picks and ends. On the basis of the measurement results an agreement between the results from the “skin model” and Permetest was assessed. It was stated that there was strong correlation between the water-vapour resistance from the “skin model” and the Permetest (Table 1). The strong correlation also exists between the water-vapour permeability according to the “skin model” and parameters determined with the Permetest: the water-vapor resistance and the percentage water –vapor permeability (Fig. 3). The values of the water-vapor resistance according to the Permetest are higher than those of the same parame-ter determined with the “skin model” (Fig. 4).
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2013, R. 59, nr 5, 5; 481-484
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rat skin as an experimental model in medicine
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Rat
skin
experimental medicine
Opis:
Scientific experiments due to safety and ethical limitations regarding research human are often based on animal models. Rats are laboratory animals which are commonly used for these purposes. It should be remembered that morphologi- cal and functional differences between rat skin and human skin may refer to the correct interpretation of scientific results.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2018, 8(2); 223-228
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calibration of Visco-Hyperelastic Model for Tensile Behavior of Porcine Skin
Autorzy:
Shin, Heonseop
Han, Doyeon
Kim, Sanghoon
Rhim, Sungsoo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
porcine skin
skin layers
visco-hyperelastic
constitutive model
Opis:
Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on porcine skin to investigate the tensile stress-strain constitutive characteristic at qua-sistatic deformations using uniaxial tensile tests. Experimental results were then used to determine the parameters of the various constitutive model types for rubber, including the Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh, Ogden, and others. The Prony series viscoelastic model was also calibrated based on the stress relaxation test. To investigate the calibrated constitutive equations (visco-hyperelastic), the falling impact test was conducted. From the viewpoint of the maximum impact load, the error was approximately 15.87%. Overall, the Ogden model predicted the experimental measurements most reasonably. The calibrated constitutive model is expected to be of practical use in describing the mechanical properties of porcine skin.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 819-822
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Hypodermis in Porcine Skin Based on Rule of Mixtures
Autorzy:
Choi, Junsuk
Kim, Sanghoon
Rhim, Sungsoo
Rhee, Kyong-Yop
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
porcine skin
skin layers
visco-hyperelastic
constitutive model
Opis:
In this study, we investigate the mechanical behavior of each skin layer, in terms of the nominal stress-strain curve by uniaxial tensile tests using specimens of porcine skin in two forms: dermis containing epidermis, and all three layers. All tests were performed under cyclic loading at the constant strain rate of 10-3 s-1 at ambient temperature. To measure the precise initial crosssectional areas of each layer, the thickness of each skin layer was quantified by counting the number of pixels on the photo-image using image-processing software. In the tensile test, force-strain curves of the total skin and dermis with epidermis were obtained. Subsequently, a rule of mixtures was applied to determine the nonlinear mechanical properties of the hypodermis layer. In conclusion, we could define the uniaxial tensile behavior of the hypodermis, and additionally predict the weight effect of the dermis and hypodermis layers in the tensile test.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 2; 491-494
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fractal model of transdermal drug delivery
Autorzy:
Walicka, A.
Iwanowska-Chomiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
dostarczanie leków
ludzka skóra
naskórek
model fraktalny
drug delivery
human skin
epidermis
fractal model
Opis:
Skin, separating the vital organs of a human body, is a desirable route for drug delivery. However, the intact skin is normally permeable only for drug molecules with a low molecular weight. The stratum corneum (SC), being the outermost layer of the skin and the epidermis being the second – more permeable – layer of the skin, play an essential function in transdermal drug delivery. Physical and chemical methods of skin poration are used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Each poration leads to an irregular system of pores which are connected with a system of micro-capillaries passing through the epidermis. Both the systems by their irregularity form a fractal porous matrix. Drugs administrated by this matrix can be either suspensions and solutions or creams and gels, therefore they have to be modelled as non-Newtonian fluids. To analyse the fluid flow through the porous matrix the model of the epidermis is assumed as gobbet-andmortar with the tortuous mortar of variable thickness and after transition from the mortar to the tube one considered classical and fractal capillary flows of selected non-Newtonian fluids. Fractal expressions for the flow rate, velocity and permeability of fluids flow in a porous matrix are derived based on the fractal properties of the epidermis and capillary model. Each parameter in the proposed expressions does not contain any empirical constant and has a clear physical meaning and the proposed fractal models relate the flow properties of considered fluids with the structural parameters of the epidermis as a porous medium. The presented analytical expressions will help understand some of the physical principles of transdermal drug delivery.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2018, 23, 4; 989-1004
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental testing and constitutive modeling of the mechanical properties of the swine skin tissue
Autorzy:
Łagan, S. D.
Liber-Kneć, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
materiał hipersprężysty
tkanka miękka
próba rozciągania
model konstytutywny
hyperelastic material
soft tissue
tensile test
pig’s skin
constitutive model
Opis:
The aim of the study was an estimation of the possibility of using hyperelastic material models to fit experimental data obtained in the tensile test for the swine skin tissue. Methods: The uniaxial tensile tests of samples taken from the abdomen and back of a pig was carried out. The mechanical properties of the skin such as the mean Young’s modulus, the mean maximum stress and the mean maximum elongation were calculated. The experimental data have been used to identify the parameters in specific strain-energy functions given in seven constitutive models of hyperelastic materials: neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh, Martins, Humphrey and Veronda–Westmann. An analysis of errors in fitting of theoretical and experimental data was done. Results: Comparison of load –displacement curves for the back and abdomen regions of skin taken showed a different scope of both the mean maximum loading forces and the mean maximum elongation. Samples which have been prepared from the abdominal area had lower values of the mean maximum load compared to samples from the spine area. The reverse trend was observed during the analysis of the values of elongation. An analysis of the accuracy of model fitting to the experimental data showed that, the least accurate were the model of neo- -Hookean, model of Mooney–Rivlin for the abdominal region and model of Veronda–Westmann for the spine region. Conclusions: An analysis of seven hyperelastic material models showed good correlations between the experimental and the theoretical data for five models.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 2; 93-102
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Perfusion and Thermal Parameters of Skin Tissue Using Cold Provocation and Thermographic Measurements
Autorzy:
Strąkowska, M.
Strąkowski, R.
Strzelecki, M.
De Mey, G.
Więcek, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
active thermovision
perfusion
thermal model
skin tissue
measurement uncertainty
Opis:
Measurement of the perfusion coefficient and thermal parameters of skin tissue using dynamic thermography is presented in this paper. A novel approach based on cold provocation and thermal modelling of skin tissue is presented. The measurement was performed on a person’s forearm using a special cooling device equipped with the Peltier module. The proposed method first cools the skin, and then measures the changes of its temperature matching the measurement results with a heat transfer model to estimate the skin perfusion and other thermal parameters. In order to assess correctness of the proposed approach, the uncertainty analysis was performed.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2016, 23, 3; 373-381
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zjawiska wypierania prądu na straty wywołane przez prądy wirowe w modelu domenowym składającym się z skończonej liczby domen
The influence of the skin effect on eddy currents losses in finite width sheet
Autorzy:
Roman, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
anizotropowe materiały magnetyczne
straty z prądów wirowych
model domenowy
wypieranie prądu
anisotropic magnetic materials
eddy current losses
domain model
skin effect
Opis:
W pracy określono straty wywołane przez prądy wirowe w wielodomenowym modelu blachy elektrotechnicznej o skończonej długości. Wykorzystując wielodomenowy model Pry'a a, Beana [1] oraz rozwiązania uzyskane przez Younga, Bhate, Swifta [2] określono stosując metodę kolejnych reakcji prądów wirowych wpływ zjawiska wypierania prądu na straty wywołane przez prądy wirowe. Rozwiązanie uzyskane przez Younga, Bhate, Swifta [2] zostało określone rozwiązując równanie Laplace'a. Obliczona pierwsza składowa reakcji prądów wirowych pozwala określić wpływ zjawiska wypierania prądu na straty wywołane przez prądy wirowe.
The work deals with calculating eddy current losses in anisotropic magnetic materials in finite width sheet. For calculation was taken multidomain wall model of electrical sheet Pry'a, B Beana [1]. Young, Bhate, Swift [2] examined similar model and defined eddy current losses for an electrical sheet consisting of an arbitrary finite number domain solving the Laplace's equation. The influence of the skin effect on eddy current losses was determined using method successive reactions of the eddy current losses.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa; 2015, T. 3; 213-219
2300-5343
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intelligent Prediction Model of the Thermal and Moisture Comfort of the Skin-Tight Garment
Autorzy:
Cheng, Pengpeng
Wang, Jianping
Zeng, Xianyi
Bruniaux, Pascal
Chen, Daoling
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
sportswear tights
thermal comfort
moisture comfort
principal component analysis
intelligent prediction model
Opis:
In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of predicting the thermal and moisture comfort of skin-tight clothing (also called skin-tight underwear), principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of related variables and eliminate the multicollinearity relationship among variables. Then, the optimized variables are used as the input parameters of the coupled intelligent model of the genetic algorithm (GA) and back propagation (BP) neural network, and the thermal and moisture comfort of different tights (tight tops and tight trousers) under different sports conditions is analysed. At the same time, in order to verify the superiority of the genetic algorithm and BP neural network intelligent model, the prediction results of GA-BP, PCA-BP and BP are compared with this model. The results show that principal component analysis (PCA) improves the accuracy and adaptability of the GA-BP neural network in predicting thermal and humidity comfort. The forecasting effect of the PCA-GA-BP neural network is obviously better than that of the GA-BP, PCA-BP, BP model, which can accurately predict the thermal and moisture comfort of tight-fitting sportswear. The model has better forecasting accuracy and a simpler structure.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2022, 1 (151); 50--58
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rheology of drugs for topical and transdermal delivery
Autorzy:
Walicka, A.
Falicki, J.
Iwanowska-Chomiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
leki
model reologiczny
skóra ludzka
drug delivery
human skin
drug rheology
rheological models
Opis:
Skin drug delivery systems are a constant source of interest because of the benefits that they offer to overcome many drawbacks associated with other modes of drug delivery (i.e. oral, intravenous, etc.). Because of the impermeable nature of the skin, designing a suitable drug delivery vehicle that penetrates the skin barrier is challenging. Skin drug delivery can be subdivided into topical and transdermal (Fig.1). In a topical administration the drug is intended to act at skin level, this is indicated for the treatment of skin diseases. The aim of transdermal administration is getting a systemic release and in this case the skin represents a barrier not a target. The availability of drugs or other active substances through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of these drugs or substances from vehicle or carrier and their subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles or carriers, such as their rheological behaviours, are of great interest in the field of pharmaceutical products. The objective of the present study is to systematically characterize a nonlinear rheological behaviour and flow properties of drugs and drug carriers into topical and transdermal administration. To this aim, one- and threedimensional rheological models are presented, which may be used to describe drug release through the skin and through the extracellular and interstitial matrix structures. Finally, the rheological measurements of some commercial creams and ointments were made.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2019, 24, 1; 179-198
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel inhalation challenge set to study animal model of allergic alveolitis
Autorzy:
Golec, M
Skorska, C.
Lemieszek, M.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
inhalation challenge
allergic alveolitis
animal model
mice
mouse
bioaerosol
organic dust
dust
microbial allergen
Pantoea agglomerans
dust exposure
human disease
respiratory tract
skin
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 1; 173-175
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie modeli sztucznej skóry do badań kosmetyków innowacyjnych
Application of artificial skin models to investigate innovative cosmetics
Autorzy:
Olejnik, A.
Gościańska, J.
Nowak, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1219257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
model
sztuczna skóra
badania
kosmetyki innowacyjne
imitation leather
study
innovative cosmetics
Opis:
Wprowadzone przez Komisję Europejską dyrektywy zakazujące testowania kosmetyków i ich składników na zwierzętach stworzyły konieczność poszukiwania nowych metod alternatywnych. Badania in vitro z zastosowaniem modeli hodowli komórkowych czy ekwiwalentów skóry są prowadzone od lat przez światowe koncerny kosmetyczne. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd komercyjnie dostępnych modeli sztucznej skóry użytecznych dla oceny bezpieczeństwa preparatów kosmetycznych nowej generacji.
The European Commission directives introducing a ban on testing of cosmetics on animals have created great demand for new alternative testing methods. In response, the in vitro studies on cell culture models or skin equivalents have been carried out by global cosmetic concerns for many years. This paper brings a review of the commercially available artificial skin models, which are applicable for safety assessment of innovative cosmetic products.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2011, 65, 2; 76-81
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on deflections of steel building including the stressed skin effect
Autorzy:
Korcz, N.
Urbańska-Galewska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
steel structures
diaphragm design
trapezoidal sheeting
orthotropic plate model
structure displacement
fastener flexibility
Opis:
The paper presents the analysis of the influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on displacements of symmetrical single-bay pitched-roof steel building, including trapezoidal cladding acting as a diaphragm. The purpose of the article was to compare numerical models with and without taking into consideration fasteners and connections flexibility in order to observe the differences in transverse stiffness of the building during modifying model from the simple one to more complex and precise. The analyses were carried out for the 3D structure. Fasteners and connections were substituted by equivalent beam finite elements. Corrugated sheets were replaced by three types of equivalent orthotropic shell models and the influence of the choice of the model on the stiffness of the building was observed. The results showed that in the analysed structure the flexibility of fasteners and connections has negligible effect on transverse displacements of the building in the case of four sides fastening of the sheeting, however in the case of two sides fastening the influence significantly increases.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2018, 21(2); 131-148
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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