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Tytuł:
Analiza chwilowych natężeń deszczów miarodajnych we Wrocławiu
Analysis of Time Frequency Distribution of Maximal Intensities of Storms in the City of Wroclaw
Autorzy:
Licznar, P.
Łomotowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/236774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
deszcz miarodajny
natężenie deszczu
digitalizacja danych pluwiograficznych
design storm
rainfall intensity
pluviograph data digitalization
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono sposób konwersji pluwiogramów do postaci plików numerycznych oraz oryginalną metodę numerycznego wyszukiwania deszczy o maksymalnych chwilowych natężeniach i różnym czasie trwania. Opracowaniu poddano dane o opadach pochodzące z lat 1975-2002 z Obserwatorium Agro- i Hydrometeorologii Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu (Swojec). Na ich podstawie uzyskano formuły do obliczeń natężeń deszczów miarodajnych w funkcji czasu ich trwania dla wartości prawdopodobieństw 10%, 20%, 50% i 100%. Wykazano, że dla potrzeb hydrologii miejskiej istnieje konieczność opracowania formuł do określania natężeń deszczów miarodajnych o charakterze lokalnym.
The method of pluviograph data conversion to the digital files format and an original method of numerical browsing for rainfalls of maximal temporal intensities and different duration are presented in the paper. Making use of the processed precipitation data from the Agro- and Hydrometeorological Station, Wrocław University of Agriculture, Wroclaw-Swojec, for the time span of 1975 to 2002, formulas for calculating rainfall intensities as a function of their duration and for probabilities 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% were modeled. It was demonstrated that urban hydrologists need to have at hand such models that describe the intensities of local design storms.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2005, R. 27, nr 2, 2; 25-28
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza możliwości wykorzystania zdjęć satelitarnych w celu pozyskania informacji o przestrzennym rozmieszczeniu pokrywy śnieżnej jako parametru w modelu opad-odpływ
Analysis of use of satellite imagery for extraction of snow cover distribution as a parameter in a rainfall-runoff model
Autorzy:
Berezowski, T.
Chormanski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/886217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
hydrologia
modele hydrologiczne
zdjecia satelitarne
wykorzystanie
pokrywa sniezna
teledetekcja
rozmieszczenie przestrzenne
model opad-odplyw
rzeka Biebrza
analiza geostatystyczna
Opis:
Analysis of use of satellite imagery for extraction of snow cover distribution as a parameter in a rainfall-runoff model.Interpolation of point measurements of meteorological variables in relatively big areas (eg. medium and big catchments) does not refl ect their real distribution. The study area is the upper Biebrza River catchment, meteorological data were recorded in a Rogorzynek station. This paper analyses possibilities of usage of a satellite data (MOD10A2, a spatial distribution of a snow cover) as a parameter in a hydrological model, which uses a day-degree method for a snowmelt estimation. The analysis shown a high correlation (0.68) between presence of a snow cover in a land surface station and in satellite data. Moreover, a strong linear relationship (correlation of 0.70) was found between a snow pack depth in the land surface station and an area of snow cover in the catchment estimated from satellite data. Geostatistical analysis of snow cover frequency in a pixel was made. A method of use a MOD10A2 data in a hydrological model was proposed.
Interpolacja mierzonych punktowo zjawisk meteorologicznych dla relatywnie dużych obszarów (np. średnich i dużych zlewni) nie oddaje ich rzeczywistego rozkładu. Terenem badań jest zlewnia górnej Biebrzy po profil Sztabin, dane meteorologiczne pochodzą ze stacji Rogożynek. Artykuł ten przedstawia możliwość wykorzystania danych satelitarnych MOD10A2 przedstawiających przestrzenne rozłożenie pokrywy śnieżnej, jako parametru w modelu hydrologicznym szacującym roztopy śniegu metodą stopień-dzień. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała wysoką korelację (0,68) między pomiarami obecności pokrywy śnieżnej w stacji meteorologicznej a pomiarami satelitarnymi. Ponadto wykazano silny związek liniowy (korelacja równa 0,70) między grubością pokrywy śnieżnej mierzonej w stacji meteorologicznej, a obszarem pokrywy śnieżnej w zlewni mierzonej za pomocą satelity. Zaproponowano możliwość włączenia danych MOD10A2 do obliczeń modelu hydrologicznego.
Źródło:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences; 2011, 20, 1[51]
1732-9353
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of distribution of precipitation duration and amounts in Legnica in the period of 1966–2015
Analiza rozkładów długości trwania i wielkości opadów w Legnicy w latach 1966–2015
Autorzy:
Jakubczyk, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
analysis of distributions
Mann–Kendall test
precipitation
rainfall conditions
rainfall variability
analiza rozkładów
opady
test Manna-Kendalla
warunki opadowe
zmienność opadów
Opis:
The paper presents the results of analysis of duration of precipitation sequences and the amounts of precipitation in individual sequences in Legnica. The study was aimed at an analysis of potential trends and regularities in atmospheric precipitations over the period of 1966–2015. On their basis a prediction attempt was made for trends in subsequent years. The analysis was made by fitting data to suitable distributions – the Weibull distribution for diurnal sums in sequences and the Pascal distribution for sequence durations, and then by analysing the variation of the particular indices such the mean value, variance and quartiles. The analysis was performed for five six-week periods in a year, from spring to late autumn, analysed in consecutive five-year periods. The trends of the analysed indices, observed over the fifty-year period, are not statistically significant, which indicates stability of precipitation conditions over the last half-century.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analiz rozkładów długości trwania sekwencji opadowych oraz wielkości opadów w poszczególnych sekwencjach w Legnicy. Badania miały na celu przeprowadzenie analizy ewentualnych tendencji i regularności w opadach atmosferycznych w okresie 1966–2015. Na ich podstawie podjęto próbę predykcji dla tendencji w kolejnych latach. Analizę wykonano przez dopasowanie do danych odpowiednich rozkładów – rozkładu Weibulla do sum dobowych w sekwencjach oraz rozkładu Pascala do długości sekwencji, a następnie przez zbadanie zmienności poszczególnych wskaźników, takich jak średnia, wariancja i kwartyle. Analiza została przeprowadzona w odniesieniu do pięciu sześciotygodniowych okresów w ciągu roku od wczesnej wiosny do późnej jesieni, rozpatrywanych w kolejnych pięcioleciach. Tendencje badanych wskaźników zaobserwowane na przestrzeni pięćdziesięciolecia nie są istotne statystycznie, co świadczy o stabilności zjawiska opadów w ostatnim pięćdziesięcioleciu.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2019, 41; 69-76
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causes of periodical rainfall distribution and long-term forecast of precipitation for Lankaran, Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Mammadov, A.
Rajabov, R.
Casanova, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108455.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rainfall distribution
synoptic processes
atmospheric forces
harmonic analysis
baric gradient
opady
rozkład opadów
prognoza długoterminowa
Azerbejdżan
Opis:
Irregular rainfall distribution is receiving considerable attention. The amount of rainfall for one region can account for 500-600 mm, sometimes 1000 mm. For example, in the year 1985, Zagtala in Azerbaijan received 716 mm of rainfall, while in 1988, 2004 and 2008 - 1151, 1306 and 661 mm, respectively, were measured. In Lankaran 2061 mm were measured in 1982 and 470 mm in 1999. Generally, rainfall distribution differs across the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this study, the physical side of such variations was clarified. In relation to that, the movement speed of the atmosphere in regard of the rotation of the Earth was analyzed, showing that the difference in rainfall distribution, according to the time structure, is connected to the direction change of the atmospheric movement. Generally, the reasons for atmospheric movements cannot be identified as the rotation movement of the earth, mainly because both environments show different activities. While the processes happening in the atmosphere often change, influenced by the pressure gradient, the rotation movement of the earth is more stationary. We also evaluated the rainfall forecast method for the region Lankaran. Taking into account its simplicity, the Shuster method was used. Observation data was divided into stationary and casual elements. Selection of periodicals was determined by separation of long term meteorological data into harmonic functions. By accepting the variation, the coefficient casual item was added.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2018, 6, 2; 39-43
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czasowo-przestrzenne zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych we Wrocławiu
Space-time distribution of precipitation in the city of Wroclaw
Autorzy:
Kotowski, A.
Dancewicz, A.
Kaźmierczak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
opad deszczu
wysokość opadu
intensywność opadu
sieć pomiarowa
rainfall
precipitation amount
rainfall intensity
network of gauging stations
Opis:
Przeprowadzone badania czasowo-przestrzennego zróżnicowania opadów we Wrocławiu na podstawie wieloletnich pomiarów wykazały, że obecna sieć pomiarowo-obserwacyjna nie sprosta zapotrzebowaniu na informacje, niezbędne do projektowania bądź modernizacji, w tym modelowania hydrodynamicznego, systemów odwodnieniowych. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza intensywnych opadów krótkotrwałych stwarzających duże zagrożenie funkcjonowania kanalizacji deszczowej i ogólnospławnej. W pracy wykazano znaczne różnice ilościowe wysokości i intensywności opadów w różnych rejonach Wrocławia. W szczególności w rejonie stacji meteorologicznej Wrocław-Strachowice (na zachodzie miasta) występują wyższe wartości natężeń opadów o ok. 20% w stosunku do rejonu stacji Wrocław-Swojec (na wschodzie). Wnioskowanie oparte na materiałach pochodzących z dwóch stacji może zatem powodować niedoszacowanie natężeń opadów w rejonach północnym i południowym miasta, na co wskazują wyższe wartości opadów dobowych na Psim Polu czy Oporowie. Należy zatem zwiększyć liczbę stacji automatycznie rejestrujących wysokość opadów w czasie, co w efekcie przyczyni się do lepszej ochrony całej aglomeracji wrocławskiej przed lokalnymi wylewami z kanalizacji czy podtopieniami.
Analysis of the space-time distribution of precipitation for the city of Wroclaw obtained from many years' measurements has demonstrated that the existing net-work of gauging stations fails to provide reliable data for the design or modernization, and primarily for the hydrodynamic modeling of draining systems. This finding holds true particularly for high-intensity rainfalls of a short duration, as they pose a real threat to the functioning of the storm water drain and combined sewage systems. The results of the study have revealed considerable differences in the amount and intensity of precipitation between particular parts of the city. Within the area of the Wroclaw-Strachowice station (in the western part of the city) the amount of precipitation received was by approx. 20% higher as compared to that within the Wroclaw-Swojec station (in the eastern part of the city). Drawing conclusions based on the data obtained from the two meteorological stations may lead to the underestimation of the precipitation amounts received in the northern and southern parts of the city, as can be inferred from the higher values of daily precipitation amounts measured in Wroclaw-Psie Pole and Wroclaw-Oporów. It is therefore recommendable to increase the number of stations that will provide automatic records of the precipitation amounts received with time. This will guarantee a more efficient protection of the municipality of Wroclaw against local flooding or outflow from the sewerage system.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2010, 32, 4; 37-46
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daily water demand variations in the Bialystok water distribution system in light of chosen economic and environmental conditions
Autorzy:
Kolendo, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/96587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
Tematy:
water demand irregularity
daily water use
air temperature
rainfall
water price
nieregularność popytu na wodę
codzienne zużycie wody
temperatura powietrza
opad deszczu
cena wody
Opis:
The study presents the analysis of water consumption in Bialystok in north-eastern Poland in the years 2007–2013. It has been shown in the study that demand for water during a week is varying and it fluctuates. A detailed analysis of water consumption on individual days of the week and public holidays is presented. Individual consumption per capita and daily water consumption irregularity coefficients were estimated. In the analysed period, the highest average daily water demand was recorded on Saturdays (43,129 m3 ), and the lowest on Sundays (37,712 m3 ). Moreover, the impact of economic and environmental factors on the process under study has been characterized in the study. In Bialystok, the price of water increased by 42% in the years 2007-2013, with the inflation rate in the country at 119.2% in those years. It is also presented the influence of maximum daily temperature and precipitation sum on daily water consumption on working days and Saturdays, as well as separately, on Sundays and public holidays.
Źródło:
Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2018, 2; 168-179
0867-8898
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia i Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of standard duration maximum rainfall by using regression models
Autorzy:
Yerdelen, Cahit
Asikoglu, Ömer Levend
Abdelkader, Mohamed
Eris, Ebru
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
Eastern Black Sea Region
Marmara Region
regression model
standard duration maximum rainfall
temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall
Opis:
Gauging stations of meteorological networks generally record rainfall on a daily basis. However, sub-daily rainfall observations are required for modelling flood control structures, or urban drainage systems. In this respect, determination of temporal distribution of daily rainfall, and estimation of standard duration of rainfall are significant in hydrological studies. Although sub-daily rainfall gauges are present at meteorological networks, especially in the developing countries, their number is very low compared to the gauges that record daily rainfall. This study aims at developing a method for estimating temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall, and hence for generating maximum rainfall envelope curves. For this purpose, the standard duration of rainfall was examined. Among various regression methods, it was determined that the temporal distribution of 24-hour rainfall successfully fits the logarithmic model. The logarithmic model’s regression coefficients (named a and b) were then linked to the geographic and meteorological characteristics of the gauging stations. The developed model was applied to 47 stations located at two distinct geographical regions: the Marmara Sea Region and Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Various statistical criteria were used to test the method's accuracy, and the proposed model provided successful results. For instance, the RMSE values of the regression coefficients a and b in Marmara Regions are 0.004 and 0.027. On the other hand, RMSE values are 0.007 and 0.02 for Eastern Black Sea Region.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 50; 281-288
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generation of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for the Barak River Basin
Autorzy:
Basumatary, V.
Sil, B. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rzeka Barak
projektowanie
burza
krzywa IDF
mapa
rozkład prawdopodobieństwa
Barak River
design storm
IDF curve
isopluvial map
probability distribution
Thiessen Polygon
Opis:
Analysis of a design storm, explained as the expected rainfall intensity for a given storm duration and return period is carried out to establish Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships. The IDF relationships are essential for the designing of hydraulic structures for future planning and management. The intent was to determine IDF relationship for the Barak River Basin in India. This region receives heavy rainfall but lacks potential in harnessing the available water resources. Rain gauge stations are not so frequent in this region. Under this condition, the engineers are bound to use IDF relationships. Using the 24-hour annual maximum rainfall and disaggregated hourly maximum rainfall as a measure of rainfall intensity for each station, IDF curves and isopluvial maps of rainfall intensities of 30-minute to 24-hour durations were generated. Analysis was done using the best fit amongst the Gumbel, Log Pearson Type III and Lognormal probability distribution functions. The goodness-of-fit tests indicated the Log Pearson Type III distribution was a suitable distribution for the area. After developing IDF curves for each station, an average IDF curve was developed using the Thiessen Polygon method in ArcGIS. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable information for the planning and management of hydraulic structures in the region.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2018, 6, 1; 47-57
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Land-use Assessment and its Influence on Spatial Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity: Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia
Autorzy:
Ul Mustafa, Muhammad Raza
Sholagberu, Abdulkadir Taofeeq
Syazwan, Muhammad Asyraf
Yusof, Khamaruzaman Wan
Hashim, Ahmad Mustafa
Abdurrasheed, Abdurrasheed S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
land-use
land cover
erosivity
Cameron Highlands
GIS
Opis:
Over the years, Cameron Highlands have witnessed extensive land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes due to the massive agricultural and urbanization activities. This significantly contributed to the erosion problems in the area. Rainfall erosivity that measures the aggressiveness of raindrop in triggering soil erosion is one of its major components that could be influenced by the LULC changes in watersheds. However, the research relating to the LULC changes with the erosivity especially in the complex landscape is scarce. Hence, this study applies geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the LULC changes and their influence on the rainfall erosivity distribution in mountainous watershed of Cameron Highlands. Four Landsat images and the rainfall data from the period of thirty years were analysed for the development of LULC and erosivity maps respectively in ArcGIS environment. The study showed that the study area experienced immense land-use changes especially in agriculture and urbanization which affected the erosivity distribution. The LULC change for agriculture increased linearly in the last 30 years from 7.9% in 1986 to almost 16.4% in 2016. The results showed that urban development increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 11.4% in 2016. The increasing urbanization trend was targeted to meet up with tourism requirement in Cameron Highlands. However, forest class declined tremendously due to the exploration of land for agriculture practice and other various types of development. Watershed managers and other stakeholders should find this study beneficial in tackling erosion and its associated ecological challenges.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 2; 183-190
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maksymalne roczne sumy dobowe opadów o określonym prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia na obszarze środkowej Polski na podstawie danych z wielolecia 1966–2010
The annual maximum daily rainfall with different probabilities of exceedance in central Poland based on data from the multiannual period 1966–2010
Autorzy:
Krężałek, K.
Szymczak, T.
Bąk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/339151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
izohiety
maksymalne roczne sumy dobowe opadów
prawdopodobieństwo przewyższenia
rozkład prawdopodobieństwa
annual maximum daily rainfall
isohyets
probability distribution
probability of exceedance
Opis:
Celem pracy było określenie wartości wybranych kwantyli rozkładu prawdopodobieństwa maksymalnych rocznych sum dobowych opadu i ich zmienności na obszarze środkowej Polski. Wykorzystano aktualne dane pomiarowe pochodzące z 29 stacji pomiarowych, obejmujące wielolecie 1966–2010. Przyjęto, że własności losowe maksymalnych rocznych dobowych sum opadów mogą być odwzorowane przez cztery typy rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa: Weibulla, log-gamma, gamma i log-normalny. Estymację parametrów rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa przeprowadzono metodą największej wiarygodności. Stosując kryterium Akaike, wybrano – oddzielnie dla każdej stacji – najlepiej dopasowany rozkład. Wyniki przedstawiono w postaci zestawienia tabelarycznego maksymalnych rocznych sum opadów dobowych o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia p = 1%, p = 10%, p = 50% dla analizowanych stacji pluwiometrycznych oraz graficznie – w postaci powierzchni pól opadu i map z izohietami wyznaczonymi dla powyższych prawdopodobieństw. Do opracowania obszarowego rozkładu wysokości opadów zastosowano zmodyfikowaną metodę interpolacyjną Sheparda. Największą obszarową zmiennością charakteryzowały się maksymalne opady dobowe o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia p = 1%, których sumy zmieniały się od 60,2 do 106,8 mm.
The aim of the study was to determine the values of selected quantiles of probability distribution of annual maximum daily rainfall in the area of central Poland, and their variability. The material for the study consists of measurement data from the multiannual period 1966–2010 gathered by 29 weather stations. Four types of probability distribution functions have been selected to be possibly used as mathematical models of random properties of annual maximum daily rainfall: Weibull, loggamma, gamma and log-normal. The parameters of probability distributions were estimated using the maximum likelihood method, and the best fitting probability distribution was selected for each station separately using the Akaike criterion. The results are presented in the form of a table of annual maximum daily rainfall with probabilities of exceedance p = 1%, p = 10%, p = 50% for the analyzed weather stations, and graphically in the form of precipitation fields and isohyetal maps drawn for the above probabilities. A modified Shepard interpolation method was used for the development of zonal distribution of precipitation amounts. The biggest zonal variability characterized the maximum daily rainfall with probability of exceedance p = 1%, whose totals varied from 60.2 mm to 106.8 mm.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2013, 13, 4; 77-90
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maximum daily rainfall analysis at selected meteorological stations in the upper Lusatian Neisse River basin
Autorzy:
Wdowikowski, M.
Kaźmierczak, B.
Ledvinka, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
trend analysis
Mann-Kendall test
meteorological data
maximum rainfall
GED
Lusatian Neisse
IMWM-NRI
probabilistic distribution
Opis:
The scope of this study was to assess the usefulness of top probability distributions to describe maximum rainfall data in the Lusatian Neisse River basin, based on eight IMWM-NRI meteorological stations. The research material was composed of 50-year precipitation series of daily totals from 1961 to 2010. Misssing measurement data were estimated using a weighted average method. Homogeneity for refilled data were investigated by precipitation double aggregation curve. Correlation between the measurement data varied from 96 to 99% and did not indicate a violation of the homogeneity of rainfall data series. Variability of recorded daily precipitation maxima were studied by linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests. Long-term period changes at maximum rainfalls for four stations remained statistically insignificant, and for the other four were significant, although the structure of maximums was relatively similar. To describe the measured data, there were used the Fréchet, Gamma, Generalized Exponential Distribution (GED), Gumbel, Log-normal and Weibull distributions. Particular distribution parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The conformity of the analyzed theoretical distributions with measured data was inspected using the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and also by the relative residual mean square error (RRMSE). Among others, the Gamma, GED, and Weibull distributions fulfilled the compliance criterion for each meteorological station respectively. The BIC criterion indicated GED as the best; however differences were minor between GED on the one hand and the Gamma and Weibull distributions on the other. After conducting the RRMSE analysis it was found that, in comparison to the other distributions, GED best describes the measured maximum rainfall data.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2016, 4, 1; 53-63
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of artificial 137Cs and natural gamma radionuclides in the region of the Ojców National Park, Poland
Autorzy:
Stobiński, M.
Jędrzejek, F.
Kubica, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
137Cs
gamma spectrometry
natural radioactivity
soil
rainfall
organic content
Opis:
The aim of the research is to obtain preliminary information about the spatial distribution of gamma radionuclides in the soils taken from the Ojców National Park with emphasis on the behaviour of artificial radionuclides, with 137Cs as a representative. The natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra (uranium series), and 228Th (thorium series), which are considered as background radiation, were also determined. In total, 18 soil samples were collected during the summer periods in 2015–2017, while the sampling points were selected with respect to differences in rainfall and local topography gradient. The method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry performed on high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detector (relative efficiency 34%). 137Cs was mostly deposited in the top soil layers, with activity in the range of 27.9÷586.6 Bq•kg–1. We found strong positive correlation of the 137Cs activity with the soil organic matter content, and at the same time, its dependence on the rainfall amount. Consequently, the soil types and local climate can control the spatial distribution of 137Cs on a small spatial scale. The quantity of natural radionuclides was highly similar in all samples with the following mean values: 38.0 Bq•kg–1 for 228Th, 33.1 Bq•kg–1 for 226Ra, and 479.9 Bq•kg–1 for 40K.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2018, 63, 4; 105-111
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Distribution of Malaria in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Salau, Opeyemi R.
Ewumi, Taofeek
Owolabi, Bunmi E.
Ajayi, Gabriel O.
Ajayi, Oluwaseun E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Malaria
Mosquito
Rainfall
Temperature
Ekiti State
Ado – Ekiti
Population
Plasmodium
Opis:
The impacts of fluctuations in weather and climate on malaria prevalence under a future climate change have been an issue of major interest because the disease is a public health problem. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of rainfall on the regional variations of malaria in Ekiti State, Nigeria using 2001-2011 data. The data are for the Central, Eastern, Northern, Western and Southern parts of Ekiti State which are represented by Ado, Ekiti East, Oye, Ekiti South West and Ijero LGAs respectively based on the available data. The results indicate that the total infections over the study period in Ado, Ekiti East, Oye, Ekiti South West and Ijero LGAs are 207033, 67890, 80827, 55986 and 87521 cases respectively. The malaria disease is most rampant among the youths in all the LGAs while the observed cases within the female populations are also slightly higher than the mean infections in the male group. Similarly, an increase in rainfall intensity will lead to corresponding rise in the malaria cases while the spread of the disease seems to also depend on population distribution with the highest seen in the highly populated Ado LGA and among the youths that has the most population in the age groups. However, the disease could be reduced through improved personal hygiene, good drainage system, sleeping under insecticide treated mosquito nets, spraying of insecticides and access to good and affordable medical services. These findings might be used in establishing good immunization system for the vulnerable children and other age groups so as to curb the spread of the disease.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 55; 89-100
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial Distribution of Rainfall with Elevation in Satluj River Basin: 1986-2010, Himachal Pradesh, India
Autorzy:
Kumar, Sandeep
Gil, G. S.
Santosh, Santosh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
DEM
GIS
Himalayas
Interpolation
Orographic effect
Precipitation
Satluj River Basin
Opis:
The complex relationship between topography and precipitation in mountainous regions such as Himalayas is evident from the pattern of rainfall distribution. The variation in precipitation with altitude is controlled by mean height of clouds and decrease in water vapours with altitude. Spatially distributed measurements of precipitation have gained renewed interest in connection with climate change impact studies. Precipitation values are usually available from a limited number of gauge stations and their spatial estimates can be obtained by interpolation techniques such as Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Kriging and Spline. In the present study, precipitation-elevation relationship can be established using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-ASTER, 30m resolution), Spline interpolation technique in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment and point data from various gauge stations spread over the Satluj River Basin. Changes of spatial distribution of precipitation with elevation show a distinct shift. Bhakra Dam (5854.60 mm) to Rampur (4451.10 mm), there is continuous variation in rainfall with increase in altitude. But beyond Rampur, variation is very high. Swarghat shows exceptional rainfall (8031.76 mm), may be due to position of mountains and their orographic effects. Maximum rainfall was observed in the lower Himalayas i.e. Shiwalik range. Negligible rainfall was observed beyond Kaza (470 mm), above the elevation of around 3756 m. The general trend of rainfall exhibits that the lower and middle parts experience good rainfall whereas the upper part experiences less rainfall. Such spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall with elevation provides an important platform for hydrologic analysis, planning and management of water resources.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 19; 1-15
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing the annual rainfall dispersion in Chaiyaphum, Thailand, by using confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation of an inverse gamma distribution
Autorzy:
Panichkitkosolkul, Wararit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19892780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-08
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
statistical test
measure of dispersion
continuous distribution
simulation
meteorology
Opis:
In Thailand, droughts are regular natural disasters that happen nearly every year due to several factors such as precipitation deficiency, human activity, and the global warming. Since annual rainfall amount fits an inverse gamma (IG) distribution, we wanted to try testing annual rainfall dispersion via the coefficient of variation (CV). Herein, we propose two statistics for testing the CV of an IG distribution based on the Score and Wald methods. We evaluated their performances by means of the Monte Carlo simulations conducted under several shape parameter values for an IG distribution based on empirical type I error rates and powers of the tests. The simulation results reveal that the Wald-method test statistic performed better than the Score-method one in terms of the attained nominal significance level, and is thus recommended for analysis in similar scenarios. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed test statistics was illustrated by applying them to the annual rainfall amounts in Chaiyaphum, Thailand.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 4; 109-122
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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