Wszystkie pola: penalties - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Ekskomunika. Rys historyczno-kanoniczny
EXCOMMUNICATION. HISTORICAL AND CANON LAW OUTLINE
Autorzy:: Terpin, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/490136.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Teologiczno-Pastoralny im. św. bpa Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara
Tematy:: excommunication
penalties in Church
censures
medicinal penalties
ekskomunika
kary kościelne
cenzury
kary lecznicze
Opis:: The first mentions of excommunication can be found in The Bible and in the teaching of Fathers of the Church. From the beginning, excommunication was the most severe sanction of all the penalties in canon law. Excommunication excluded one from community of the faithful, but did not brake all of ties. There was always a possibility of reconciliation with God and the Church. Over time excommunication was being used more often and more offenses were sanctioned with excommunication. This kind of penalty was either latae sententiae or ferendae sententae. Many popes created more and more regulations concerning excommunication. All of them were compiled in Gratian’s Decretum and Decrets of pope Gregory IX. One of the most important regulation of excommunication was promulgated by pope Martin V apostolic constitution Ad evitanda (1418). It introduces the distinction of excommunicated person into vitandi et tolrati. The Code of Canon Law (1917) changed the situation of excommunicated persons, but this punishment still remained the most severed sanction in canon law.
Źródło:: Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej; 2014, 21; 447-468
1234-8880
Pojawia się w:: Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Porównanie kar za wykroczenia drogowe w Polsce i w Niemczech
Comparison of penalties for traffic offenses in Poland and Germany
Autorzy:: Jaśkiewicz, M.
Jurecki, R.
Stokłosa, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310224.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:: kary za wykroczenia drogowe
kara finansowa
punkty karne
penalties for traffic offenses
penalty points
financial penalties
Opis:: W pracy przedstawione zostaną kary za wykroczenia drogowe w Polsce i w Niemczech. Pokazano wybrane zestawienie kar za takie same wykroczenia drogowe w obu krajach. Przedstawiono zarówno kary finansowe jak również kary w postaci punktów karnych.
There are presented in the paper the penalties for traffic offenses in Poland and Germany. The selected breakdown of penalties for the same traffic offenses in both countries is shown in this paper. There are presented financial penalties as well as penalties in the form of penalty points.
Źródło:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2014, 15, 5; 66-68
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Sankcje podatkowe, a sankcje karne – kumulacja, czy alternatywa? Analiza porównawcza
Tax and criminal penalties – to be applied jointly or to preclude each other? Comparative analysis
Autorzy:: Gryziak, Bartosz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1775087.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-10-28
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Podatkowych Modzelewski i wspólnicy
Tematy:: sankcje podatkowe
sankcje karne
zasada ne bis in idem
prawa człowieka
tax penalties
criminal penalties
ne bis in idem principle
human rights
Opis:: W Polsce obserwuje się proces co raz częstszego ustanawiania sankcji podatkowych, chociaż nie jest skorelowany z nim postulowany w doktrynie proces depenalizacji prawa podatkowego. W konsekwencji co raz więcej uchybień obowiązkom prawnopodatkowym będzie jednocześnie wypełniać hipotezy sankcji podatkowej i karnej. Odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy obie te sankcje mogą być jednocześnie stosowane, poszukiwano poprzez analizę prawnoporównawczą w obszarze zastosowania Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka. Wynika z niej, że ze względu na tożsamość funkcji pełnionych przez sankcje podatkowe i karne, nie mogą być one stosowane równolegle. Zważywszy na zasadę proporcjonalności oraz funkcje sankcji podatkowych postuluje się preferowanie stosowania sankcji podatkowych zamiast sankcji karnych.
In Poland tax penalties are applied more and more often. However, there is no parallel process of decriminalisation of tax law. Hence, more and more often breaches of tax duties will fall under both tax and criminal penalties. Therefore, there is a question whether both these penalties could be applied jointly or, otherwise, one of them should preclude the other. The answer was sought through comparative analysis within the jurisdiction of ECHR. The result is that tax and criminal penalties pursue the same aim and, therefore, may not be applied jointly. Taking into consideration the principle of proportionality and the purposes of tax penalties it is desirable that tax penalties were preferred over criminal ones.
Źródło:: Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych; 2020, 10(290); 13-21
1427-2008
2449-7584
Pojawia się w:: Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Rodzaje oraz wymiar kar orzekanych przez sądy wobec skazywanych kobiet w latach 1977-1980
Penalties imposed on women by the courts in 1917-1980
Autorzy:: Błachut, Janina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699082.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1983
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: rodzaje kar
wymiar kar
orzekanie kar
dane statystyczne
types of penalties
penalty amount
imposing penalties
prison sentences
types of crime
statistic data
Opis:: The general picture of sentences pronounced by the courts is affected by the visible differences in the structure of offences comitted by men and women. Prison sentences (the decisive factor in severity of sentence) are less frequently imposed on women. This is not the case, however, with regard to all offences. There are also situations where prison sentences are imposed more often on women than on men. Equally frequently, and sometimes even more often, women are sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment, that is, to terms of morethan three years. Suspended prison sentences are commoner among women than among men. But this is not the predominant type of sentence in all types of crime. For sometimes it is less frequent than limitation of liberty, and fines. In cases of suspended prison sentences, women are more likely than men to get sentences of less than a year's duration. Women are more likely than men to receive sentences consisting of a fine plus imprisonment. This is a consequence of the kind of offence they commit. Generally the fine is in the order of from 5,000 to 10,000 zlotys. The lowest fines are imposed on women more often than on men. The lowest sentences of limitation of liberty are imposed more often on women than on men. In both groups, the sentences range mostly from six months to a year. True, there are certain types of crime where maximum prison sentences are imposed on women more often than on men, but generally speaking the opposite is usually the case. Women, rather than men, are more likely to be given the lowest fines (imposed as independent penalties); more rarely, with the exception of a few types of ,crime, are they given the heaviest fines. It should be noted that as regards crimes against the family and the care of children (Art. 184, Art. 186), severer penalties are imposed against women, They are more frequently given higher fines along with terms of imprisonment, and also longer sentences of limitation of liberty. Greater leniency in the sentences imposed on women (a trend mentioned in many criminological studies) is indicated by the higher frequency of sentences that do not include imprisonment, although this trend as regards leniency is not always borne out by the severity of the sentences imposed.
The general picture of sentences pronounced by the courts is affected by the visible differences in the structure of offences comitted by men and women. Prison sentences (the decisive factor in severity of sentence) are less frequently imposed on women. This is not the case, however, with regard to all offences. There are also situations where prison sentences are imposed more often on women than on men. Equally frequently, and sometimes even more often, women are sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment, that is, to terms of morethan three years. Suspended prison sentences are commoner among women than among men. But this is not the predominant type of sentence in all types of crime. For sometimes it is less frequent than limitation of liberty, and fines. In cases of suspended prison sentences, women are more likely than men to get sentences of less than a year's duration. Women are more likely than men to receive sentences consisting of a fine plus imprisonment. This is a consequence of the kind of offence they commit. Generally the fine is in the order of from 5,000 to 10,000 zlotys. The lowest fines are imposed on women more often than on men. The lowest sentences of limitation of liberty are imposed more often on women than on men. In both groups, the sentences range mostly from six months to a year. True, there are certain types of crime where maximum prison sentences are imposed on women more often than on men, but generally speaking the opposite is usually the case. Women, rather than men, are more likely to be given the lowest fines (imposed as independent penalties); more rarely, with the exception of a few types of ,crime, are they given the heaviest fines. It should be noted that as regards crimes against the family and the care of children (Art. 184, Art. 186), severer penalties are imposed against women, They are more frequently given higher fines along with terms of imprisonment, and also longer sentences of limitation of liberty. Greater leniency in the sentences imposed on women (a trend mentioned in many criminological studies) is indicated by the higher frequency of sentences that do not include imprisonment, although this trend as regards leniency is not always borne out by the severity of the sentences imposed.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1983, X; 87-102
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Administrative Monetary Penalties During a Pandemic Covid-2019 in Poland. Selected Aspects
Administracyjne kary pieniężne podczas pandemii w Polsce. Wybrane aspekty
Autorzy:: Hoffmann, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047800.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-04-30
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: monetary penalties
Covid-19
public administration
kary finansowe
administracja publiczna
Opis:: The article discusses administrative fines imposed in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic. The form and rules of their imposition allow us to assume that the pragmatics of their imposition was flawed from the very beginning of the pandemic. This is confirmed by the judgments of administrative courts which question the financial penalties in question.
Artykuł dotyczy pieniężnych kar administracyjnych nakładanych w związku z pandemią Covid-19. Forma i zasady ich nakładania pozwalają przypuszczać, że pragmatyka ich nakładania była wadliwa i niezgodna z Konstytucją. Potwierdzają to wyroki sądów administracyjnych, kwestionujących przedmiotowe kary pieniężne.
Źródło:: Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 2(66); 337-351
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Zakazana reklama aptek
Prohibited pharmacy advertising
Autorzy:: Samulska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956559.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:: zakazana reklama aptek
apteki
farmaceuci
kary za naruszenie zakazu reklamy
Prohibited advertising of pharmacies
pharmacies
penalties for violation of the advertising ban
penalties
admitted advertising
Opis:: Article on Prohibited advertising of pharmacies is aimed at analyzing the legal provisions regarding the title of play. In accordance with the instruction of art. 94a paragraph 1, para. 2 and par. 3 of the Act of 6 September 2001. Pharmaceutical Law, advertising of pharmacies and pharmacy points and their activities is prohibited. It is not advertising information about the location and working hours of the pharmacy or pharmacy point. Due to the fact that the above‑mentioned regulation raised and continues to be controversial from the very beginning, the analysis of this provision was made in the light of the judicial decisions. The scope of allowed advertising for pharmacies shaped on the basis of court decisions was considered. The concept of pharmacies and a pharmacy point as well as the method and form of prohibited pharmacy advertising are discussed. The object of the interest was also the objective of prohibiting the advertising of pharmacies, as well as the penalties provided for violating the prohibition in question. The relationship between duties imposed on pharmacists and the imposed advertising ban on pharmacies was indicated. De lege ferenda views were formulated in this topic.
Źródło:: Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 4; 35-50
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:: Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Kary i nagrody stosowane przez rodziców a samoocena młodzieży
Rewards and penalties used by parents and self-esteem of youth
Autorzy:: Kuźmik, Mateusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387900.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:: kary
nagrody
rodzina
samoocena
poczucie własnej wartości
penalties
rewards
family
self-esteem
Opis:: Samoocena jest jedną z podstawowych potrzeb każdej jednostki. Może być również cennym zasobem pozwalającym jednostce na samorealizację. Celem badań było przedstawienie związków między samooceną oraz poszczególnymi karami i nagrodami. Analiza odpowiedzi udzielonych przez gimnazjalistów w kwestionariuszu ankiety wskazuje na ważną rolę wzmocnień pozytywnych w kształtowaniu poczucia własnej wartości tej grupy respondentów.
Self-esteem is one of elementary needs of each individual. It can be also a precious resource, that allows self-realization. The main goal of research was to present relations between selfesteem and specific penalties and rewards. Analysis of answers granted by respondents in questionary shows significant meaning of positive reinforcments in shaping high self-esteem in tested group.
Źródło:: Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe; 2017, 2; 197-208
2451-1420
Pojawia się w:: Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Zagadnienie przedawnienia administracyjnych kar pieniężnych na przykładzie Prawa energetycznego
The Matter of Limitation Period of Administrative Penalties by the Example of Energy Law
Autorzy:: Kamiński, Marcin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518757.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:: limitation period
administrative penalties
reform
energy law
transitional period
Opis:: The limitation period plays a crucial role in any legal system. It is commonly used in the fields of criminal and civil law. As for the administrative law, the regulation was introduced partially and in an inconsistent way. The Polish Constitutional Court pointed out, that one cannot claim its right or even expectative for setting up the limitation period in the field of administrative law. Nonetheless, once introduced in the legal system, the limitation period has to fulfill the require- ments resulting from the Constitution. As for the energy law, the limitation period was introduced in 2015 by providing the reference to the provisions of Tax Code. However, the reference to the provisions of Tax Code concerning the limitation period were partially removed just one year later. The reform of Administrative Procedure Code introducing inter alia the rules for the limitation period of impos- ing and executing administrative penalties, was supposed to provide the general provisions applicable to all persons and legal entities. Nevertheless, due to the inconsistent regulations contained in multiple legal acts, such as the Energy Act, the usage of limitation period still casts doubt.
Źródło:: Forum Prawnicze; 2018, 5 (49); 62-76
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:: Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Legal Nature of Financial Penalties Based on the Polish Gambling Act
Autorzy:: Skowronek, Grzegorz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45241676.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-12-15
Wydawca:: Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:: financial penalties
administration
gambling
penalfiscal code
Opis:: This paper is an analysis of regulations regarding the institution of financial penalties based on the Gambling Act. However, a part of theoretical considerations has a wider context and can be generally referred to as the concept of an administrative financial penalty. The basic research question asked by the author regards the nature of the administrative penalty specified in the Gambling Act. This analysis presents two viewpoints on this matter. The first one indicates that the Gambling Act defines who and for which deed is subject to a financial penalty and provides the amounts of such penalties, which might draw some similarity to a criminal and material idea of sanctioning norms. Sanctions from financial regulations can be imposed for deeds, including an illegal arrangement of gambling games, participating in such games and arranging machine games outside places where such games can be organized, i.e. outside casinos. Such behaviours strictly fit the presented characteristics of prohibited acts specified in the Fiscal Penal Code. The second viewpoint shows that mentioned penalties are a type of punishment, but they stay in the area of administrative norms. A financial penalty refers to the property of an entity that violates administrative and legal obligations. In other words, the entity violating administrative and legal obligations does not impact any specific ethical or moral goods (as it happens in case of violating criminal law) but hinders the fulfilment of public administration tasks. With some reservations, the author of this paper generally supports the second presented viewpoint, noting the fact that the administrative fi nancial penalty is one of the types of administrative sanctions and, in every situation, should be analysed from the perspective of norms and the construction of administrative and not criminal law.
Źródło:: Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 145(1); 242-255
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Kształtowanie się koncepcji kar dodatkowych w prawie karnym w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Formation of the Concept of Supplementary Penalties in Criminal Law in the Period of the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:: Melezini, Mirosława
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621388.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:: II Rzeczpospolita Polska, kary dodatkowe, skutki skazania, kary za- sadnicze, środki zabezpieczające, skazania
Second Polish Republic, supplementary penalties, consequences of convic- tion, basic penalties, safeguards, sentencing
Opis:: The subject matter of this document is the formation of the concept of supplementary penalties in the criminal law in the period of the Second Polish Republic. The article presents the birth of the concept of supplementary penalties in Polish criminal law science, which was formed in the early 20th century against a background of criticism regarding the institution of legal consequences of conviction and eﬀorts to grant judges more discretion with regard to sentencing. The article contains a broad presentation of the views on criminal law doctrine concerning the need to break-away from the automatic consequences of conviction and to introduce supplementary penalties. The article also presents discussion on the ﬁnal model of supplementary penalties that took place during the works of the Codiﬁcation Committee and describes the normative form of supplementary penalties in the Penal Code of 1932. It was concluded that the replacement of legal consequences of conviction with supplementary penalties was an expression of the idea of progress in Polish criminal law.
Źródło:: Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 113-125
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:: Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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