Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:

Odpowiedzialność Prezydenta za wykroczenia
The problem of jurisdiction under presidental offences

Autorzy:

Dąbrowski, Kamil

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942284.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017-02-28

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

wykroczenia
Prezydent
immunitet
offences
President
immunity

Opis:

W artykule poruszono problematykę dotyczącą zakresu odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia i ewentualnej jurysdykcji nad nimi. Dostrzegając brak wyraźnej regulacji tych zagadnień, autor wskazuje, iż – w związku z zakazem domniemywania immunitetów – zakres odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia musi być tożsamy jak w przypadku innych obywateli. Z uwagi jednak na szerokie niebezpieczeństwa nierozerwalnie związane z realizacją tej formy odpowiedzialności, proponuje objęcie jurysdykcji nad nimi przez Trybunał Stanu. Dla przyjęcia takiego stanowiska autora skłaniają zarówno treści obowiązującego porządku prawnego, jak również liczne argumenty natury funkcjonalnej i językowej. W konsekwencji zarysowuje on tezę, iż „przestępstwo” w rozumieniu art. 145 ust. 1 Konstytucji stanowi w istocie nazwę dla szeroko rozumianej odpowiedzialności karnej.
The article discusses the scope of legal responsibility on the part of The President of the Republic of Poland. The lack of precise legal regulations concerning the matter in question leads to the following conclusion: taking into consideration the present prohibition of implicit immunity the President of the Republic of Poland ought to share the same realm of legal responsibility as do other Polish citizens. Yet, due to the apparent dangers inherent in the execution of the legal responsibility the author proposes for the jurisdiction in question to be under the supervision of the State Tribunal. The author’s argument is founded on the present legal order as well as in numerous functional and language oriented factors. As a consequence, the author claims “the offense” as defined in the 145th article of the Constitution is in reality a general notion for criminal responsibility.

Źródło:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2017, 1 (35); 109-121
2082-1212

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Psychological Disorders in the Perpetrator of a Prohibited Acta as the Object of Judicial Consideration in the Procedure for Petty Offences After 1 July 2015

Autorzy:

Bień-Węgłowska, Iwona

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804781.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-11-16

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

insanity and diminished sanity in the Petty Offences Code
judicial and psychiatric diagnosis in petty offences procedure
mandatory defence in petty offences procedure

Opis:

The subjective capacity of an offender to be assigned guilt is determined by such circumstances as the attainment of the age required by the law and a suitable mental state. Psychological disorders, which are the source of insanity or diminished sanity as regulated by the Petty Offences Code, lead to a considerable reduction of the capacity to recognise the significance of an act or direct one’s conduct, and this in turn leads to the exclusion of guilt or restricts responsibility under the Petty Offences Code. The existence of doubt regarding the mental state of an offender implies the appointment of expert psychiatrists by a competent judicial body in order to conduct a psychiatric examination. The doubt must be reasonable and objective, though, supported by evidence or observations of the judicial body. The opinion of an expert psychiatrist is pivotal to the proceedings as it explains the offender’s conduct during and after the perpetration of a prohibited act, which permits an assessment whether the offender’s mental condition allow him to take part in the proceedings, including self-defence. The judicial and psychiatric diagnosis also has adverse consequences for the examined person so it must not be regarded as a mere formality in every petty offence case. The act of September 27, 2013 amended the provisions for procedure for petty offences in terms of, among others, regarding provisions concerning the content of psychiatric assessment furnished by experts and the formal mandatory defence. The article aims to determine the scope of this revision and its impact on the exercise of procedural guarantees of the offender.

Źródło:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 3; 7-24
1507-7896
2544-5227

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Instytucje realnego zbiegu przestępstw w znowelizowanym kodeksie karnym

Autorzy:

Sławomir, Żółtek,

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903098.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

actual concurrence of offences
aggregation of penalties
course of offences

Opis:

This article is dedicated to the amended regulations of Chapter IX of the Penal Code concerning the concurrence of offences and aggregation of penalties and penal measures. The problem of the new definition of actual concurrence is presented and discussed while contrasting it with the concept of apparent concurrence in this respect. Within the framework of changes to the aggregation of penalties, wider attention is given to the new model of aggregation of penalties which takes into consideration the previously imposed cases of aggregation of penalties, exceptions to it, and also directives on sentencing. It was noted „course of offences” changes based on introducing the premise of „in a similar manner” in place of „similar manner of committing” an offence that constitute the course and also the stipulations added to art. 91 § 1 of the Penal Code that „the court shall impose one penalty on the basis of the provision whose attributes each of these offences”.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica; 2016, 65; 159-173
0137-4346

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

„Przestępstwa terrorystyczne” i przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym w obowiązującym kodeksie karnym – niedoskonała ochrona bezpieczeństwa państwa i jego obywateli
„Terrorist offences” and offences of a terrorist character in the binding Criminal Code – imperfect protection of the state and its citizens

Autorzy:

Michalska-Warias, Aneta

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046351.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-09-24

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

terroryzm
przestępstwa terrorystyczne
przestępstwo o charakterze terrorystycznym
terrorism
terrorist offences
offences of a terrorist character
safety from terrorism

Opis:

W artykule podkreślono istniejący po stronie państwa obowiązek zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa, także przed zamachami terrorystycznymi. Artykuł dotyczy wzajemnej relacji między zdefiniowanym w art. 115 § 20 k.k. przestępstwem o charakterze terrorystycznym a występującymi w kodeksie karnym typami przestępstw odnoszącymi się wprost do zjawiska terroryzmu, które Autorka określa mianem „przestępstw terrorystycznych”. Podkreślono, że definicja z art. 115 § 20 k.k. ma charakter stricte prawny, a zatem za przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym muszą zostać uznane wszelkie czyny wypełniające ustawowe kryteria, w tym te, które znaczeniu kryminologicznym nie mają związku ze zjawiskiem terroryzmu. Z kolei stypizowane w k.k. „przestępstwa terrorystyczne” (jak. np. szkolenie terrorystyczne czy finansowanie terroryzmu) nie mogą, z natury swej być uznawane za przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym w znaczeniu definicji ustawowej. Zaproponowano zatem pewne zmiany w brzmieniu art. 65 § 2 k.k., tak aby sprawcy przestępstw terrorystycznych przy stosowaniu środków probacyjnych, a także na etapie postępowania wykonawczego, mogli być traktowani jak sprawcy czynów o charakterze terrorystycznym.  W ten sposób, jak twierdzi Autorka, bezpieczeństwo obywateli (stanowiące wartość konstytucyjną) byłoby lepiej chronione.
The paper emphasises the state’s obligation to provide safety, also from terrorist threats. The dogmatic analysis of the binding anti-terrorist solutions of the Polish Criminal Code is presented from this point of view. The paper discusses the mutual relationship between an offence of a terrorist character, as defined in Art. 115 § 20 of the Criminal Code and the types of offences present in the Criminal Code which refer specifically to the phenomenon of terrorism, which are labelled by the Author as “terrorist offences”. It is stressed that the definition from Art. 115 § 20 of the Criminal Code is of a strictly juridical character, therefore all offences meeting the statutory criteria should be considered of terrorist character, even if they have no connection with the phenomenon of terrorism in its criminological sense. On the other hand the “terrorist offences” described in the Criminal Code (as e.g. terrorist training or financing of terrorism) cannot, intrinsically, be considered offences of a terrorist character in the meaning of the legal definition. Therefore some modifications of Art. 65 § 2 of the Criminal Code have been proposed so as make it possible to treat the perpetrators of such terrorist offences in the same way as the perpetrators of offences of a terrorist character during the application of the probation measures and at the stage of punishment execution. Thus, it is claimed, the safety of citizens (which is a constitutional value), would be further enhanced.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe KUL; 2019, 62, 1; 23-34
0044-4405
2543-9715

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Ewolucja i aktualne wyzwania ustawodawstwa w sprawach o wykroczenia
Evolution of legislation in petty offences cases and current challenges

Autorzy:

Liżyńska, Katarzyna
Płońska, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28782693.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

wykroczenie
prawo wykroczeń
postępowanie w sprawach o wykroczenia
petty offences
petty offences law
proceedings in petty offences cases

Opis:

Ewolucja ustawodawstwa w sprawach o wykroczenia trwa nieprzerwanie od 1918 r. Także spór o miejsce prawa wykroczeń w systemie prawnym, sięgający prac kodyfikacyjnych po 1918 r., jawi się dzisiaj jako niezwykle aktualny. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie i analiza kierunków rozwoju prawa wykroczeń oraz eksplikacja obecnych wyzwań tej gałęzi prawa. W doktrynie od wielu lat podnoszona jest potrzeba gruntownej reformy prawa wykroczeń m.in. ze względu na dość archaiczny Kodeks wykroczeń z 1971 r. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę historycznoprawną oraz dogmatycznoprawną. Podjęte badanie zostało przeprowadzone na podstawie analizy aktów prawnych w zakresie prawa wykroczeń w ujęciu historycznym oraz ich licznych nowelizacji, a także analizę aktualnych tendencji m.in. w zakresie przekształcania wykroczeń w tzw. delikty administracyjne. Przeprowadzone rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, że prawo wykroczeń jest dynamicznie zmieniającą się gałęzią prawa, która jednak wciąż wymaga kompleksowej i gruntownej reformy. Aktualnie nie ulega wątpliwości, że prawo wykroczeń należy do gałęzi prawa karnego, a sąd jest jedynym organem uprawnionym do wymierzania kar za wykroczenia. Charakter materialnoprawny wykroczeń wymusza poszukiwania najbardziej optymalnego modelu reakcji na wykroczenie. W odpowiedzi na palącą potrzebę reformy prawa wykroczeń wysuwane są m.in. koncepcje orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia przez organy pozasądowe. Autorki podkreślają, że ewentualne zmiany modelu orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia stanowią tym bardziej duże wyzwanie, gdyż muszą przy tym zadośćuczynić normie wyrażonej w art. 237 Konstytucji RP, zgodnie z którym organem właściwym do orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia jest sąd. 
The evolution of legislation in petty offences cases has been going on continuously since 1918. Furthermore, the dispute over the place of petty offence law in the legal system, dating back to the codification works after 1918, seems to be extremely topical today. The aim of this article is to present and analyse the directions in which petty offence law is developing, and to shed light on the current challenges facing this branch of law. The doctrine has for many years emphasized the need for a thorough reform of the petty offences law (e.g. due to the rather archaic Polish Code of Petty Offences of 1971). The authors use the historical-legal and dogmatic-legal methods. The undertaken analyses were conducted based on a historical analysis of legal acts pertaining to petty offences and their numerous amendments, as well as an analysis of current trends (e.g. changing petty offences into the so-called administrative torts). The conducted considerations lead to the conclusion that petty offences law is a dynamically changing branch of law, which, however, still requires a comprehensive and thorough reform. Currently, there is no doubt that petty offences law belongs to the branch of criminal law, and only the court is authorized to impose penalties for petty offences. The material-legal nature of petty offences necessitates searching for the most optimal model of reaction to them. In response to the urgent need of petty offences law reform, proposals for adjudication by non-judicial authorities in petty offences cases are put forward. The authors emphasize that possible changes to the adjudication model in petty offences cases are even more challenging, as they must at the same time satisfy the norm expressed in Article 237 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, according to which the court is the competent authority to adjudicate in petty offences cases.

Źródło:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 4; 87-100
0035-9629
2543-9170

Pojawia się w:

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Prawo wykroczeń Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621496.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Petty offences, GDR

Opis:

In 1949 the German Democratic Republic was established as a state. Petty offences’ law in this country was gradually changed and it differed from old German model, in which petty offences were regulated in criminal code. Petty offences were treated as acts of minimal social danger and in 1968 they were finally excluded from penal law and formed an independent group of offences against social order. These offences were treated as a violation of social discipline and they hit state’s administration and its planning functions. The jurisdiction in these matters was supposed to have only educational character, because penalties of arrest and of restricted liberty were eliminated. A big quantity of corrective measures was applied. The jurisdiction in these matters was transferred to the administrative organs, which activity was somehow connected with the committed petty offence. The procedure was of administrative character, there was no elements of principle of adversary trial system. In fact, these proceedings were of inquisitorial character. The courts of common law could not control these proceedings, you could only appeal to a higher instance of the administrative organ. After 1968, the new group of petty offences was created. It derived from former criminal code and consisted of several misdemeanors, which were nor longer treated as crimes (depenalization). From this time there were two groups of petty offences. Both of them characterized by minimal social danger and by punishment based on corrective measures. There were some differences, because the new group of offences was under jurisdiction of People’s Police (Volkspolizei) and of special civic courts. You could appeal to court in these cases, which belonged to second group. It reminded a little of the old German model of petty offences’ jurisdiction. Petty offences’ law in GDR was different from this kind of law in other socialist countries, because it was concentrated on corrective measures, not on the repression.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 121-140
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Przedmiot ochrony środowiska w odpowiedzialności za wykroczenia
The subject of environmental protection in liability for offences

Autorzy:

Mikowski, Rafał

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/469248.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Uczelnia Jana Wyżykowskiego

Tematy:

ochrona środowiska
odpowiedzialność za wykroczenia
Nature conservation
liability for offences

Opis:

W artykule przedstawiona została syntetyczna analiza podstawowych założeń ochrony środowiska dotyczących regulacji związanych z odpowiedzialnością wykroczeniową. Autor przedstawia podstawowe wyróżnienie klasyfikowania przedmiotu ochrony, zarówno w Kodeksie wykroczeń, jak i regulacjach pozakodeksowych. Sygnalizuje problem uzupełniającej ochrony prawnokarnej w stosunku do podstawowych założeń ochronnych z zakresu prawa administracyjnego. W artykule dokonano analizy obowiązującego stanu prawnego dotyczącego instrumentów ochrony środowiska, które posłużyły do zaakcentowania potrzeby ochrony poprzez wskazanie, wyjaśnienie, a w niektórych przypadkach także redefiniowanie podstawowych założeń związanych z przedmiotem ochrony środowiska.
The article presents a synthetic analysis of principles of nature conservation in regulations related to liability for offences. The author presents the basic distinction of classiffcation of the protected object both in the code of violations and in the regulations that are out of its scope. He signals a problem with the supplementary criminal law protection of the conservation with assumptions from the point of view of the scope of administrative law. In the article an analysis was done of the current legal state on concerning the instruments of nature conservation that were used to to emphasize the need for protection through indicating, explaining and in some instances redefining of basic assumptions related to the subject of nature conservation.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki w Polkowicach. Studia z nauk społecznych; 2015, 8; 207-222
2082-7547

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki w Polkowicach. Studia z nauk społecznych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Zapobieganie przestępczości cudzoziemców w Polsce
Preventing the Perpetration of Criminal Offences by Foreign Nationals Residing in Poland

Autorzy:

Rzeplińska, Irena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698660.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

zapobieganie przestępczości
cudzoziemcy
kryminologia
preventing
delinquency
crime
criminal offences
foreign nationals
prevention

Opis:

It has been for several decades now that criminological literature has addressed the issue of crime prevention in societies. Helena Kołakowska-Przełomiec argued in 1984: “While trying to formulate a definition of crime prevention, on no account should we disregard the fact that a criminal offence may be committed only by an individual who lives in a certain specific setting, in a society. Crime prevention can therefore be associated with the conditions of the external world in which a person lives, the constraints of social interactions, interpersonal relations, as well as with the person’s own identity, selfdevelopment, lifetime experience, attitudes, aspirations, and the scope of individual activities. Accordingly, crime prevention may be associated with all that effectively makes up the fabric of an outside world in which the person lives, with the overall diversity of human activity, groups of people, and individuals. Indeed, such activity may be closely linked to crime prevention, or only indirectly related to it, or it may also be very far removed from crime prevention. Crime prevention may also exist objectively, without any human activity linked to it whatsoever (e.g. in a mountainous area devoid of roads it is effectively impossible to commit traffic offences).” The author formulated the following definition: “crime prevention is construed as any and all actions which might lead, be that directly or indirectly, to inhibiting the incidence of criminality at large, of criminal offences, and the development of criminal phenomena all over the world.” Ten years later, another definition of crime prevention was proposed by Janina Czapska: “crime prevention should to be construed as all measures aimed at reducing the overall crime incidence and load, either by limiting the circumstances conducive to committing criminal offences, or by exerting an impact on a potential perpetrator, as well as on all members of a society.” In a document of 2002 promulgated by the UN Economic and Social Council, crime prevention is construed as a set of policies and measures that “seek to reduce the risk of crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including the fear of crime.” Modern Europe is a world of people who keep migrating, moving between countries. The presence of foreign nationals (i.e. those who are not the nationals of a particular country) in each of the EU Member States is a natural phenomenon, as they are the EU citizens and the third-country nationals. Criminal offences committed by foreign nationals are also natural enough, from random offences to fully premeditated ones, from minor offences to serious crimes, from common offences to criminal offences specific to foreign nationals in a particular country and during a specific period, committed under certain social, economic and political conditions. In Poland, police crime statistics have taken due note of foreign nationals as suspects since 1984. The proportion of foreign nationals to suspects in total in the period spanning 1984–1988 ranged from 0.1% to 0.5%. This proportion increased throughout the 1990s, from 0.8 in 1991 to 1.8% in 1996, and then to 2.02% in 1997. A decrease in this proportion was noted – 1.6% in 1998, 1.3% in 2000, 0.67% in 2004, and 0.43% in 2012. Foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century come from 61 countries. 30% of them are EU citizens. The most numerous are citizens of Germany, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. Foreign nationals from non-EU countries constitute 70% of all foreign national suspects, among which the most numerous come from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Armenia. In short, foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland originate from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Lithuania, and Russia. The overall picture of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century is as follows: a negligible share of foreign suspects in the human crime category, a high proportion in the specific offences category, i.e. driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whereupon, in the absence of a natural person victim, the only ‘aggrieved’ party is public order, i.e. road traffic safety. The high share of foreign suspects in the offences against the credibility of documents means that foreign nationals who hold residence in Poland, or who enter Poland, make use of forged IDs or travel documents. The overall picture that emerges from the police crime statistics still needs to be supplemented by such rare events as terrorist crime, crime committed in organized groups, or hard to detect crimes, e.g. illegal cigarette or illicit drug manufacturing. In line with the definitions cited above, with regard to each particular type of criminal offence committed by foreign nationals, an appropriate strategy needs to be determined. In each individual case and for each type of crime a separate listing of crime risk factors should be compiled. Smuggling (duly registered by the Customs Service) seems one of the ‘favourite’ types of a criminal offence committed by foreign nationals in Poland (even though Polish nationals also perpetrate this kind of crime). Smuggling takes place both at border crossings and elsewhere, along usually rather desolate, woodland areas straddling a state border, not subject to heavy patrolling by border guard troops. Moving contraband across the border stands to bring substantial profits to all parties involved. In 96% of cases, the contraband commodity of choice are the tobacco products. Foreign nationals are also registered in Poland as the perpetrators of business-related crimes: criminal offences aimed at obtaining material benefits at the expense of other parties involved in business activity. Judicial statistics indicate that foreign nationals are convicted for breaching the Industrial Property Act, including its provisions pertaining to trademark protection, followed by offences under the Copyright and Related Rights Act; here, for the most part, crimes involve illicitly replicated software, music, and movies on the market. The perpetrators of these offences are mostly Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Armenian, Slovakian, and Georgian citizens. In the area of business crime, organized criminal groups appear to dominate. As may be gleaned from the case records, most groups dealt with violations of the trademark protection provisions, copyright, money counterfeiting, capital fraud, including bank loan fraud, offences related to ATM cards and Internet accounts, followed by insurance fraud and the offences related to trading in liquid fuels. The groups comprised criminals from nearly 20 nationalities, mostly from Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine, and Armenia, and less frequently the citizens of the UK, Vietnam, China, Moldova, and Georgia. In the period spanning 2015–2016, a brand-new type of crime was uncovered, i.e. professionally organized illicit manufacture of cigarettes in Poland. The report on the status of national security in Poland for 2014 draws attention to the involvement of foreign nationals in criminal activities. Tax fraud committed by foreign nationals from EU countries appears to be on the rise. Foreigners register business ventures in Poland and then proceed to abuse the Polish tax system with a view to benefiting from undue VAT refunds. Combating business crime, as referenced in the Report, requires fostering closer cooperation between various departments, authorities, and statutory bodies involved in preventing and combating crime. This approach has already spawned a government programme for the prevention and combating business crime for 2015–2020, in which the key principles of the actual action plan have been laid down. Research on organized crime groups, including those involving foreign nationals, reveals that all groups intended to profit from criminal activities, were managed by strong leaders, with ethnicity being of much lesser importance in their operations. They are mobile, moving both across the territory of Poland and beyond its borders. Organized crime groups involving foreign nationals are multi-disciplinary; they are involved in drug-related offences, business crime, and other types of criminal pursuits. Variability in the actual type of criminal activity pursued is always dictated by the principal objective – the achievement of material gain. Prevention and combating terrorist threats in Poland is provided for in the National Counter-Terrorism Programme for 2015–2019. There is no single system for preventing and combating crimes committed by foreign nationals, and hence we are not going to formulate its objectives here. Prevention, i.e. the identification of risk factors for criminal offences committed by foreigners, may be pursued in relation to a particular type of crime committed at any one time (types of criminal offences vary over time). Combating or controlling the criminal behaviours of foreign nationals, to express it in modern lingo, may be pursued through obtaining adequate insight into the actual aetiology of various kinds of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals, and an appropriate penal policy.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 5-13
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:

Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu
Juvenile Perpetrators of Offences Committed Under the Influence of Alcohol

Autorzy:

Krawczyk, Jacek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698524.pdf

Data publikacji:

1992

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

nieletni sprawcy
przestępstwa
alkohol
alkoholizm
badania kryminologiczne
juvenile perpetrators
offences
alcohol
alcoholism
criminological research

Opis:

For many years now, excessive drinking has been among the main symptoms of social pathology in Poland. Also the fact is beyond any doubt that  drinking is strongly related to crime: it is ussually found in over a half of offences known to the police committed by adults. The problem of drinking also plays an important part in the process of juvenile demoralization and delinquency. This fact was noticed by the legislator who, in the Act of October 26, 1982 on proceedings in cases of juveniles, situated drinking among the symptoms of demoralization. Among the juveniles found quality of offences, the proportion of those who drink alcohol is quite large, the offenders’ actual age considered. In recent  years, that proportion has been over 11,0% of all juvenile delinquents. There are also among the juveniles found quality of offences those who committed acts  prohibited by law while under the influence of alcohol. In recent years, the proportion of, such juveniles has been over 5,0% and, shows an upward trend. There is among the excessively drinking juvenile delinquents a decided majority of boys, whose proportion has always been over 91,0% in the last 20 years. The paper reports on a national empirical study of two groups of boys born in 1959. The first group consisted of 100 respondents who committed as juveniles at least one offence while under the influence of alcohol. The other group which also consisted of 100 persons (the control group) were boys selected from among the juveniles delinquents who committed offences but did not drink any alcohol before that act. The source of data on the two groups of respondents were: court files; records of implementation of the educational or corrective measures applied by the court, files of criminal cases for offences committed by those persons as adults; questionnaires sent out to sobering-up stations; as well as standarized interviews with the respondents themselves. The study has shown a number of differences between juveniles who commit offences under the influence of alcohol and the remaining juvenile delinquents. The main such differences are as follows: Different types of delinquency in the broad sense: ‒ offences committed under the influence of alcohol were frequently not the first offences of the examined juveniles (44,0% of cases, as compared to 7,0% in the control group); ‒ such offences were usually committed at the age of 15‒16 (93,0%), that is rather late in the juvenile’s career, at the threshold of statutory age: ‒ the offences committed by the first group were decidedly more aggressive and dangerous for the life and health of their victims than those committed by the control group; ‒ nearly 50,0% of the offences committed under the influence of alcohol were commitied in the streets (control group ‒ 39,3%); ‒ the juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were acting alone nearly 30 times more often than the remaining juvenile deliquents. In the case of boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol, their state of health, family situation, and ‒ consequently ‒ also scholastic achievements were inferior to those in the control group: ‒ as few as 67,0% of boys in the first group were brought up in complete families (control group ‒ 82,0%); what is more, in 52,3% of those families disturbed functioning was found which was due to: alcoholism, excessive drinking, serious chronic diseases, disablement, mental disorders, delinquency or prostitution of one or both parents; thus as few as about one-third of the families of juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were fully efficient educational milieu; ‒ 69,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were educationally neglected by their parents (control group ‒ 53,0%); ‒ 44,0% of the boys who commiited offences under the influence of alcohol (as compared to 25,0% in the control group) had as children suffered from serious diseases that affected their psycho-physical development, organic lesions or diseases of the central nervous system, or slight or minor degrees of mental deficiency; ‒ 7,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did not go to school despite the fact that education is compulsory at their age (control group – 2%), and 58,0% (70,7% of those who did go to school) were educationally retarded by one to four years (control group – 51,0% that is 52,6% of the school-goers); The degree of social maladjustment was much higher in the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol: ‒ nearly a half of juveniles in that group were recidivists (44,0%, as compared to as few as 7,0% in the control group); ‒ 65,0% of the boys who drank (that is, by about one-third more than  among all juvenile delinqents) were cigarette smokers, and had started smoking long before their first contacts with alcohol; ‒ although the number of juveniles who ran away from home was similar in both groups, those who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did that more often and frequently drank alcohol while vagrant; ‒ 85,0% of boys in the first group (by about 20,0% more than among all juvenile delinquents) used to run the streets unsupervised, 79,0% with demoralized friends: ‒ as few as 5,0% of juveniles who committed offences under the infleunce of alcohol showed no symptoms of social maladjustment, other than those offences (23,0% among all juvenile delinquents), and at least three such symptoms were found in 69,0% (45,0% among all juvenile delinquents). In sum, the group of boys who had committed offences under the influence of alcohol in childhood was in many respects „worse'', and frequently much „worse'' than the control group selected from among all juvenile delinquents. Such boys would prove worse still were they compared with a representative sample of all Poles born in 1959. The facts discussed above prove the truth of the statement that juveniles who commit offences under the influences of alcohol are a high risk group compared to properly socialized young persons. They should therefore be submitted to special care by the competent agencies, including in particular family courts; however, no evidence of such care could be found in the study.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 183-211
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:

Przestępczość i sprawcy przestępstw z użyciem agresji
Agressive Offences and their Perpetrators

Autorzy:

Wójcik, Dobrochna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698506.pdf

Data publikacji:

1991

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

przestępczość
sprawcy przestępst
użycie agresji
statystyki sądowe
badania kryminologiczne
delinquency
perpetrators
aggressive offences
court statistics
criminological research

Opis:

The object of the paper is to show the trends of convictions for aggressive offences in Poland in the years 1972-1987 basing on court statistics, and to characterize this type of offences and their perpetrators. Moreover, basing on the findings of several Polish criminological studies, some of the factors have been indicated which may play an important part in the origin of aggressive offences. The main focus here is the problem of such offenders aggressiveness and their drinking habits, as the two factors are rather clearly connected with the discussed type of offences. Offences to be submitted to statistical analysis have been separated according to psychological and criminological criteria and not to the classification adopted in the Polish penal code. Thus only those offences from various chapters of the penal code have been taken into account where the facts of the given cases contained an explicit element of physical aggression against person or object, or of verbal aggression. Naturally, there is a great variety of acts which contain an element of aggression and are numbered among offences: they infringe different human values and interests from as vital as life and health to dignity, honour, or religious feelings. Also different is the seriousness of those acts (both misdemeanours and crimes being found among them), as well as the danger they create to the public weal, and the statutory penalties provided for them. Throughout the analysed period 1972–1987, the total number of convicted persons was relatively stable and amounted to the average of 150–160 thousand a year; it went down in 1977 and 1981–1984, only to increase again to the previous level in the years 1985–1987. Also the crime rate fluctuated similarly, amounting to 65–59 per 10,000, adult population, with the exception of 70.6 in 1972. In some years, the decrease of both the number of convictions and the crime rate can be explained with amnesty laws, while the increased number of convictions, in the years 1985–1987 resulted, among other things, from certain additional though temporary legal regulations introduced in that period (particularly from the Act  of 1985 on special criminal responsibility). In the period under analysis, the proportion of persons convicted for aggressive offences amounted to about 40 per cent of the total number of convictions. At the same time, starting from 1975, a certain slight downward trend in the proportion of such convictions can be found, to as low as 35-36 per cent in the years 1979–1980, followed by an increase to the previous level. A certain decrease in the extent of convictions for aggressive offences can be explained partly with demographic changes. In the period under analysis, despite the general increase of the population aged 17 and more (by 12.9 per cent),  the number of men aged 17–20 went down by about 35.5 per cent, and the same trend could be found in the case of men aged 21–24. It is a well-known fact that aggressive offences are committed mostly by young persons. Analysing the extent of aggressive offences from the point of view of the offenders’ sex and age, we find somewhat different trends in young adult as compared with adult men and women. Aggressive offences constitute about 60 per cent of all offences committed by young adult men, and 34–40 per cent of those of adult men. In the period under analysis, offences of this type committed by young adult men kept up the above level, fluctuations being greater in the case of adult men. In the structure of female crime, aggressive offences play a less significant role and constitute about 20 per cent in both age groups. There is also, as in the case of men, a distinct trend: stability of proportion of convictions of young adult women for such offences (about 20 per cent), and a distinct decrease in the case of adult women (from 23 to 12.6 per cent). Taking certain groups of offences as well as the separate acts into account, we find a considerable increase in the number of aggressive offences against property. It is determined mainly by the increase in the proportion of convictions for burglary and of particularly audacious larceny, and to a slight extent – for damage to property. Instead, proportions of convictions for robbery are rather stable. In the discussed period, robbery which contains an explicit element of aggression revealed no changes as regards the number of convictions: instead, upward trends could be found mainly in the case of burglary and of particularly audacious larceny where explicit aggressive traits can not always be found. Thus this finding corresponds but to some extent with the world trend. In the discussed period, a downward trend could be found as regards convictions for offences which involved physical and verbal aggression against person. Convictions for offences traditionally regarded as serious and dangerous for the public weal, such as murder or rape, remained at the same level, while those for bodily injury trended downwards. As has been mentioned above, the number of robberies, also included among serious offences, remained stable, the proportion of convictions for offences of this type arnong all convictions for aggressive acts being rathen low (murder, 0.5–07 per cent; rape, 2 per cent; robbery, 6.8 per cent). What should also be stressed is the decrease in convictions for participation in a brawl or battery, particularly in rural districts, and for assault on a public functionary or police officer, starting from 1978. Instead, convictions for physical or moral cruelty towards a family member maintain a rather high level with a slight upward trend. A regular increase it the number of convictions for that offence which dates from 1950s, is related to the trends in prosecuting and sentencing policy in family cases. The influence of the changes in criminal policy and legislation is also distinct in the case of convictions for violation of bodily inviolability, insult, and insult of a police officer which went down to begin with and then started increasing in numbers. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of the problem of conditions of aggressive crime. An attempt was made basing on the findings of criminological studies to answer the question whether most perpetrators of aggressive offences can be characterized as highly aggressive persons and excessive drinkers. The analysis concerned both the fact of repeated perpetration of aggressive offences, and the occurrence of aggressiveness as a permanent personality trait. As may be concluded from the studies of offences committed by different samples of young adults those in whose criminal career was at least one aggressive offence (c.g.) robbery, hooligan act, homicide) were more frequently than others convicted for aggressive offences. Thus the question should be answered whether most of the perpetrators of aggressive acts are characterized by distinct aggressiveness as a permanent personality trait. One can hardly suppose in this connection that a single aggressive offence might constitute a sufficient proof of the offendner’s aggressiveness. If, however one and the same person repeatedly commits aggressive offences, he might be an aggressive individual. A person has been defined as aggressive who reveals aggressive behaviour or a decidedly hostile attitude towards many persons in different situations. It has been found basing on psychological examination with the Buss- Durkee questionnaire and detailed data from interviews (which the authoress used to construct scales of aggressiveness), that most perpetrators of aggressive offences are characterized by a considerable aggressiveness as a relatively stable personality trait. Moreover, aggressiveness measured this way is a significantly less frequent characteristic of young adult offenders against property, and of non-delinquent youth. The above findings contribute but to some extent to the explanation of the nature of aggressive crime, as aggressiveness of offenders should be considered in connection with many other factors which exert a mutual influence on one another and jointly determine a criminal act in a given situation. In studies of various samples of aggressive offenders, their considerable excessive drinking was found. The issues under analysis included, among other things, the role of drinking in the origin of aggressive crime, alcohol’s direct as well as indirect influence on criminal behaviour taken into account. It was arqued that the offender’s intoxication plays a greater part in the origin of aggressive crime than of offences against property. Also the interdependence between aggressiveness and excessive drinking. As shown by the findings (among other things, of studies of young adult perpetrators or robbery and hooligan acts), excessive drinkers revealed intense aggressive behaviour significantly more often than those who did not drink excessively; moreover, such behaviour was found already at school which means that those persons were already aggressive as children, before they developed excessive drinking habits. Theorefore, their subsequent regular drinking could have been related to emotional instability with which also their aggressiveness was connected. They could have seeked relief of their emotional tension in excessive drinking. Also aggressive behaviour served to abreact that tension. To conclude, it should be stated that the perpetrators of aggressive acts, as opposed to those who commit mostly offences against property, are highly aggressive as a rule. Most of them also regularly drink excessively. Though they were not found to be significantly different in this respect from offenders on the whole, nevertheless alcohol no doubt plays an important part in most of their aggressive acts. In a given situation, their excessive drinking habits, intoxication at the moment of the act, or aggressiveness caused or intensified their already existing serious conflicts with the environment, influenced their distorted perception and interpretation of the reality, and facilitated an impulsive reaction to casual misunderstandings, and could therefore contribute to the emergence of aggressive acts qualified as offences.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 75-115
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:

Zasady obsady personalnej kolegiów karno-administracyjnych Polski Ludowej
Officers of the Boards Judging Petty Offences in the People’s Republic of Poland

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621321.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

boards judging petty offences, people’s councils, social lay participants.

Opis:

In December 1951 the collective model of judging petty offences in Poland was introdu- ced. The boards judging petty offences, with non-professionals as their members, were situated as branch of local administration. The candidates to these boards were propo- sed by the state’s enterprises and by the local societies, the members were elected by the local administration – so called “rady narodowe” (people’s councils). After the political crisis of 1956 this model was strongly criticized and non-professional members were singled as the most important reason of low level of judgments. In 1958 additional new requirement was introduced: the chairmen of the boards and their deputies had to get the university degree in legal science. The election of new members in the 60’s changed the situation and the professionals partially replaced the “social lay participants” in this kind of administration of justice. The leading positions in the boards were transferred to members of the security apparatus. As a result, the bureaucratic factor was playing the dominant role in the boards judging petty offences in the communist Poland.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2013, 12; 321-351
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:

Children and Young Persons as Offenders and Victims of Offences and Crime Prevention at School in the Slovak Republic

Autorzy:

Emmerová, Ingrid

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26176329.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013-06-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

delinquency and crime
offences committed by juveniles
crime statistics
prevention
social pedagogue at school

Opis:

The article deals with the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime as well as with the problem of crime against juveniles. The author presents official statistics since 2006, on the numbers of offences committed by juveniles in the Slovak Republic, as well as on the numbers of convicted young persons serving their sentence and the term of their sentence. It also gives details of crime against juveniles in the Slovak Republic. The article is an interim output of the project VEGA No. 1/0168/12 Professionalization of Prevention of Socio-pathological Behaviour in School in the SR from the aspect of the profession of social pedagogue – the current state, problems and comparison with foreign countries.

Źródło:

The New Educational Review; 2013, 32; 119-130
1732-6729

Pojawia się w:

The New Educational Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:

Wykroczenia drogowe w praktyce orzecznictwa karno-administracyjnego okresu gomułkowskiego
Traffic Petty Offences in the Jurisdiction of Boards Judging them during the Gomułka Period

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621648.pdf

Data publikacji:

2012

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Petty offences, fines, People’s Poland, drunk drivers

Opis:

The boards judging petty offences were established in December 1951. They were – from the beginning – entitled to judge traffic petty offences cases (petty offences against the security in traffic). In the first half of the 50’s the Boards were acting in a very simple way, by deciding cases about low-level fines (tickets) or about warnings. These minor punishments were not adequate to the decreasing safety on the roads and to the increasing number of cars. In 1956, Władysław Gomułka became the leader of the Communist Party and it was decided to change the policy in traffic petty offences cases by making the punishments more severe. The police started to give tickets more often and the boards were concentrating on punishing drunk drivers. However, the act against drunk drivers was antiquated and thus not adequate to the new situation. In 1959, the so called Anti-alcohol Act was passed and drunk driver cases were transferred to the courts. The Boards lost their importance in traffic petty offences cases, because the Police were giving tickets from one side and the courts were sentencing drunk drivers from the other side. In the 60’s the phenomenon of „road hooligans” emerged and a new act, called „the Road Code”, was passed. It gave new measures consistent with a stronger policy against traffic petty offences. The Boards played the most important role in this policy. The fines were increased three times, and the Boards could retain the drivers’ licenses for some time. The biggest part of the Boards’ jurisdiction was then concentrated on traffic petty offences, especially these connected with alcohol.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 315-349
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:

Nieudana próba penalizacji usuwania filtrów cząstek stałych w dieslach - walka ze smogiem w prawie karnym
Failed Attempt to Penalise for Removal of Filters in Diesel Engines – Fight Against Smog in Criminal Law

Autorzy:

Szeleszczuk, Damian

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417071.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-04

Wydawca:

Najwyższa Izba Kontroli

Tematy:

particulate filter
air pollution
P10 and P25 particles
Petty Offences Code
amendment of the Petty Offences Code
transport offences

Opis:

The article focuses on the analysis of the legislative initiative aimed mainly to improve the air quality. Although it has not become a binding regulation, it should be recognised – mostly because it was the first, based on sensu largo penal law, actual attempt to reduce exhaust fumes emission. Moreover, this initiative is a good example to illustrate the trend in the penal policies that is bound to set standards in fighting adverse effects in the area of environmental protection. A critical analysis of the solutions proposed should give rise to developing new regulations, which make an indispensable instrument of the state’s policy related to fight for clean atmosphere.

Źródło:

Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 2 (385); 176-186
0452-5027

Pojawia się w:

Kontrola Państwowa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:

Dobre praktyki Francji i Rosji w zakresie zwalczania przestępczości granicznej oraz zorganizowanej z udziałem cudzoziemców
Good Practices in France and Russia in Combating Border Offences and Organized Crime Involving Foreign Nationals

Autorzy:

Laskowska, Katarzyna
Perkowska, Magdalena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698650.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

zwalczanie przestępczości granicznej
zwalczanie przestępczości zorganizowanej
cudzoziemcy
kryminologia
Francja
Rosja
combating border offences
border offences
organized crime
foreign nationals
France
Russia

Opis:

The paper addresses the issues of appropriateness and overall effectiveness of endeavours undertaken by selected countries (France and Russia) in the area of preventing, combating, and reducing illegal migration and criminality of foreign nationals. Analyses of the overall body of experience gained by those countries, often struggling with far more serious problems than ours, make it possible to highlight a variety of approaches to the issues under study, along with identifying new, frequently more effective ways of resolving them. In the section dealing with the French solutions, the author focused on those that are aimed specifically at preventing and combating illegal migration, mainly in the form of illegal residence in France. This is due to the fact that criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in France comprise primarily those related to illegal residence or illegal entry into the country. An in-depth review of the available instruments, mainly on the basis of specific regulations comprised in the Code of Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals, in conjunction with the provisions regulating their right to claim political asylum, allowed to identify certain specific French solutions which might well be deemed good practices, with a view to having them considered for a prospective transposition into the Polish legal system, specifically into administrative and criminal law. When assessing the French regulations in terms of good practices, it appears prudent to consider their prospective transposition into Polish criminal or administrative law, especially with regard to the following areas. First of all, one would need to consider the option of imposing a lifetime ban on the entry into Poland for committing an offence related to illegal migration, but also with regard to other common offences. It is essential in terms of combating illegal migration, to have any individual conduct involving aiding or facilitating a third party’s illegal border crossing, contravening the law regulating the length of residence, or illegal residence in other countries of the Schengen Area, or in other EU Member States, duly criminalized, and not on the territory of Poland only. Another key solution at hand consists in the option to impose a ban on residence in France, also issued in the form of an administrative decision by the Minister of Internal Affairs, which might also apply to those individuals who are not currently residing in France, or those who have never held such residence do date, whereas might be deemed potential threat to public order. In the section dealing with Russia, the author aimed to address specific projects designed to combat illegal migration of foreign nationals and criminality at large (including organized crime) undertaken in that country. It was established that the Russian Federation was actively involved in combating both phenomena. In terms of preventing and reducing illegal immigration into the Russian Federation, several specific projects have been undertaken. In particular, The Concept of State Migration Policy for 2025 was developed, which sets out the objectives, principles, tasks, key directions, and specific constraints in the implementation of state migration policy across the country. It emphasises the need for the introduction of a number of modifications of legal, organizational and social nature, aimed specifically to radically restructure a number of areas within overall state migration policy. Several amendments were made to the Russian Penal Code of 1996, pertaining to illegal border crossings, organizing illegal migration, and others, as well as to the Code of Administrative Breaches of the Law of 2001 (i.e. a series of offences in breach of border security, visa procedures, etc.).

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 113-124
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:

Corporate criminal liability in English law

Autorzy:

Sepioło-Jankowska, Iwona

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684959.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Tematy:

corporate criminal liability
english law
corruption offences

Opis:

Juridical regimes have been created in order to punish corporate wrongdoing. Although the imposition of criminal liability on corporations, as opposed to managers or employees, has generate considerable debate, commentators have not comprehensively analyzed why corporate criminal liability exists. Furthermore, it is not clear that corporate criminal liability is the best way to influence corporate behavior. Following sections will try to find answers to the above mentioned questions.

Źródło:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 135-143
2450-0976

Pojawia się w:

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:

Operation of Retraining Minor Offences into Misdemeanours in the People’s Poland

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912919.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Tematy:

cases of minor offences
misdemeanours law
the Transfer Act
the People’s Poland
drobne czyny karalne
prawo wykroczeń
ustawa o przekazaniu
Polska Ludowa

Opis:

In the period of the People’s Poland (1944–1989), ruled by the communists, Poland was in the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. The Act on the Transfer of Certain Minor Offences as Offences to Criminal-Administrative Jurisdiction, passed in 1966, gave the status of a misdemeanour to a large group of existing offences against property and acts detrimental to consumer interests. The purpose of transferring these offences as misdemeanours to the jurisdiction of penal-administrative colleges was to relieve the courts of the burden of dealing with cases of minor offences. The transfer operation was accompanied by the introduction of a number of solutions in the field of criminal law, which created conditions for a more flexible criminal policy in cases of misdemeanours. The Transfer Act was fully incorporated into the Code of Misdemeanours adopted in 1971, the specific part of which includes another group of misdemeanours resulting from the transformation of existing offences. The Transfer Act finally placed the law on misdemeanours in the area of criminal law in its broadest sense, which resulted in a departure from the concept of the misdemeanours law, developed during the Stalinist period, as one of the branches of administrative law.
W okresie Polski Ludowej (1944–1989) rządzona przez komunistów Polska znajdowała się w strefie wpływów Związku Radzieckiego. Uchwalona w 1966 r. ustawa o przekazaniu niektórych drobnych występków jako wykroczeń do orzecznictwa karno-administracyjnego nadawała rangę wykroczeń licznej grupie dotychczasowych występków przeciwko mieniu i czynów godzących w interesy konsumentów. Przekazanie tych występków jako wykroczeń do właściwości kolegiów karno-administracyjnych miało na celu odciążenie sądów od rozpatrywania spraw o drobne czyny karalne. Operacji przekazania towarzyszyło wprowadzenie do prawa wykroczeń szeregu rozwiązań z dziedziny prawa karnego, co stworzyło warunki dla prowadzenia bardziej elastycznej polityki karnej w sprawach o wykroczenia. Ustawa o przekazaniu została w całości uwzględniona w uchwalonym w 1971 r. Kodeksie wykroczeń, którego część szczególna zawiera kolejną grupę wykroczeń powstałych z przekształcenia dotychczasowych występków. Ustawa o przekazaniu ostatecznie uplasowała prawo wykroczeń w obszarze szeroko pojmowanego prawa karnego, co skutkowało odejściem od stworzonej w okresie stalinowskim koncepcji prawa wykroczeń jako jednej z gałęzi prawa administracyjnego.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 5; 197-214
1731-6375

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:

Zaburzenia psychiczne sprawcy czynu zabronionego jako przedmiot rozpoznania w procedurze wykroczeniowej po 1 lipca 2015 roku
Mental Disorders of a Perpetrator of an Illegal Act as Subject to Examination in the Petty Offences Procedure after 1 July 2015

Autorzy:

Bień-Węgłowska, Iwona

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804824.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-11-16

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

niepoczytalnosc oraz poczytalnosc ograniczona w Kodeksie wykroczen
obrona obligatoryjna w postepowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia
diagnoza sadowo-psychiatryczna w postepowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia
insanity and partial sanity in the Code of Petty Offences
obligatory defence in petty offences procedure
court’s and psychiatric diagnosis in petty offences procedure

Opis:

Zdolność podmiotową sprawcy wykroczenia do przypisania mu winy determinują takie okoliczności jak osiągnięcie wymaganego ustawą wieku oraz odpowiedni stan psychiczny. Zaburzenia psychiczne będące źródłem niepoczytalności lub poczytalności ograniczonej normowanej przez Kodeks wykroczeń, prowadzą do ograniczenia w stopniu znacznym zdolności rozpoznawania czynu lub kierowania postępowaniem, co w konsekwencji wyłącza winę lub ogranicza odpowiedzialność wykroczeniową. Istnienie wątpliwości co do stanu psychicznego sprawcy wykroczenia implikuje powołanie przez uprawniony organ procesowy biegłych lekarzy psychiatrów do przeprowadzenia badania psychiatrycznego. Wątpliwości te muszą być jednak uzasadnione i obiektywne, uprawdopodobnione przez dowody lub spostrzeżenia organu procesowego. Opinia biegłego psychiatry ma istotne znaczenie procesowe, wskazuje bowiem na zachowanie sprawcy w czasie popełnienia czynu zabronionego, a także przed i po jego dokonaniu, co umożliwia ocenę czy jego stan psychiczny pozwala mu na udział w postępowaniu, w tym na podjęcie samodzielnej obrony. Diagnoza sądowo-psychiatryczna niesie również negatywne konsekwencje dla osoby badanej, z tego względu nie może stać się formalnością w każdej sprawie o wykroczenie. Ustawa z dnia 27 września 2013 r. znowelizowała przepisy proceduralne stosowane w sprawach o wykroczenia m.in. w zakresie regulacji dotyczących treści opinii psychiatrycznej wydawanej przez biegłych, a także formalnej obrony obligatoryjnej. Artykuł podejmuje próbę ustalenia zakresu tych zmian oraz ich wpływu na realizację gwarancji procesowych sprawcy wykroczenia.
The imputability of guilt to a perpetrator of a petty offence is determined by such circumstances as the legally required age and mental condition. Mental disorders that entail insanity or partial sanity, as provided in the Code of Petty Offences, result in major limitations as to the acknowledgment of an act as illegal or the instituted course of proceedings, which, consequently, excludes guilt or restricts liability. Doubts regarding the offender’s mental fitness lead to the appointment by the authorised judicial body of expert psychiatrists to perform a psychiatric examination. Yet, such doubts must be justified, objective, and supported by evidence or observations of the authority in charge of the proceedings. The opinion of an expert psychiatrist is pivotal to the proceedings as it explains the offender’s conduct during and after the committed illegal act, which helps determine whether their mental condition allow their participation in the proceedings, including self-defence. The court’s and psychiatric diagnosis also leads to adverse consequences for the examined individual and, therefore, must not be regarded as a mere formality in any petty offence case. The Act of 27 September 2013 amending the Code of Petty Offences and some other acts revised the procedures applicable in petty offence cases, e.g. regarding the provisions on the content of psychiatric opinion issued by the appointed experts and the formal obligatory defence. The article aims to look into the scope of this revision and the impact of changes on the exercise of procedural guarantees of the offender.

Źródło:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 3; 7-26
1507-7896
2544-5227

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:

Kara pracy poprawczej w orzecznictwie karno-administracyjnym Polski Ludowej

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621749.pdf

Data publikacji:

2008

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

Correctional labor, Petty offences

Opis:

The penalty of corrective labor was introduced into Polish system of jurisdiction in petty offences cases in 1951 and it replaced the penalty of arrest. The essence of this penalty consisted in the duty to work in appointed place and part of salary was confiscated. The idea was that this penalty will have educational influence on the sentenced person and it will bring him up to live in the socialist society. However, the practice was different. In fact the state was only confiscating a part of salary, so this punishment was rather a kind of a fine in instalments. The penalty was inefficient especially in hooligan nature cases, and it was gradually replaced by the penalty of arrest. In December 1958 the correctional labor penalty was abolished and the boards judging petty offences (not courts) were empowered to decree the punishment of arrest. It was a retreat from the earlier concepts of the educational role of this jurisdiction. The modified version of this penalty exists till now in the petty offences’ code from 1971. It is known as „penalty of restricted liberty”. This penalty can be replaced now by penalty either of arrest or fine.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2008, 6; 143-168
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:

Polskie prawo leśne. Cz. 9. Ściganie przestępstw i wykroczeń leśnych
Polish Forestry Law Cz. 9. Pursuit of forestry crimes and petty offences

Autorzy:

Radecki, W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/272161.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007

Wydawca:

Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda

Tematy:

prawo leśne
przestępstwo leśne
wykroczenie leśne
ściganie
forestry law
forestry crimes
forestry petty offences

Opis:

Przedmiotem 9 i ostatniej części cyklu poświęconego prawu leśnemu jest omówienie zagadnień proceduralnych związanych ze ściganiem przestępstw i wykroczeń leśnych. Najistotniejsze znaczenie mają kompetencje Straży Leśnej realizowane w terenie, a następnie w postępowaniu karnym o przestępstwa wyrębu drzewa w lesie oraz w postępowaniu o wykroczenia leśne.
Part 9, the final, of the series devoted to the forestry law discusses the procedural issues related to the pursuit of forestry crimes and petty offences. The most important are the competences of the Forestry Guard realized in the forest areas followed by the competences in the penal proceedings concerning trees felling in forests and in proceedings concerning forestry petty offences.

Źródło:

Problemy Ekologii; 2007, R. 11, nr 2, 2; 75-80
1427-3381

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Ekologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:

Uzyskanie informacji objętych tajemnicą bankową w sprawach dotyczących przestępstw powszechnych i skarbowych
Obtaining information covered by bank secrecy in issues connected with common and fiscal offences

Autorzy:

Wójcik, Krzysztof A.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476521.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

Tematy:

bank secrecy
fiscal offences
actions in connection with legal proceedings

Opis:

Obtaining data concerning the property of the suspected person or suspected course of actions aiming at recognising, preventing, detecting and prosecuting offences is of essential significance. With reference to information covered by bank secrecy of vital importance are the kind of actions in the course of which information is to be obtained, they may be obtained in the course of operation and examination actions or procedural actions. Postulated solution to this problem should involve the creation of a central register of bank accounts with changes in law enabling the prosecutor access to information included in this base on the same terms, which are currently binding, when this information is required directly from the bank or the provision of online information exchange within the frames of the existing and secure system dedicated to processing information constituting bank secrecy, such as the OGNIVO system of the National Clearing House (KIR S.A.).

Źródło:

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2014, 2(15); 219-238
1689-8052
2451-0807

Pojawia się w:

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:

Wykroczenia na tle seksualnym w listach św. Hieronima
The problem of sexual offences, as a result of the mystery of iniquity present in the world, in the light of st. Jerome’s letters

Autorzy:

Gburek, Andrzej

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613648.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Tematy:

Hieronim
wykroczenia
Jerome
offences

Opis:

The author of the article: „The problem of sexual offences, as a result of the mystery of iniquity present in the world, in the light of St. Jerome’s letters”, shows paradox of human existence, in which men, as a real being, continually escapes into the world of dreams and utopia; as a social being, adores in himself anarchistic behaviors; moral and religious values are precious for him, however by the whole of his existence opposes them; he speaks about the ideals of truth, justice and love, but in practice uses false in the wide sense of this word, without difference of time in which he lives and systems under which he exists.

Źródło:

Vox Patrum; 2009, 53-54; 563-578
0860-9411
2719-3586

Pojawia się w:

Vox Patrum

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:

Polskie prawo leśne. Cz. 8. Przestępstwa i wykroczenia przyrodnicze
Polish Forestry Law. Part 8. Crimes and petty offences against the natural environment

Autorzy:

Radecki, W.

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/271696.pdf

Data publikacji:

2007

Wydawca:

Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda

Tematy:

prawo leśne
przestępstwo
wykroczenie przyrodnicze
ochrona przyrody
przepisy prawne
forestry law
crime
natural environment
petty offences
environment protection

Opis:

Przedmiotem 8 części cyklu poświęconemu prawu leśnemu jest analiza przepisów o przestępstwach i wykroczeniach przeciwko przyrodzie, zamieszczonych w kodeksie karnym oraz w ustawie o ochronie przyrody. Jest to zagadnienie istotne dla prawa leśnego, ponieważ popełnienie takiego przestępstwa lub wykroczenia w lesie pozostającym pod ochroną przyrody zawsze prowadzi do zbiegu tych przepisów z przepisami o przestępstwach i wykroczeniach leśnych.
Part 8 of the series devoted to the topic of forestry law presents an analysis of legal regulations concerning crimes and petty offences committed against the natural environment and included in the criminal code and in the Environmental Protection Act. This issue is of high importance to the forestry law since committing such a crime or petty offence in a forest under natural protection usually leads to a coincidence of these regulations with regulations on forestry crimes and petty offences.

Źródło:

Problemy Ekologii; 2007, R. 11, nr 1, 1; 15-20
1427-3381

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Ekologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:

Dynamics and structure of offences and the ways the police respond to revealed crimes

Autorzy:

Sadło-Nowak, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45219044.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-11-18

Wydawca:

Akademia Policji w Szczytnie

Tematy:

reaction to offences
police
penalty notice
request for penalty
caution

Opis:

Citizens’ sense of security depends on the activities of entities whose task is to provide this security to citizens. A citizen feels safe if his/her immediate environment is safe. These seemingly minor acts of misconduct have a very large impact on the sense of security of citizens, because it is with them that citizens most often come into contact. That is why a proper police activity in diagnosing offences, their detection and quick reaction to them is so important. Quick reaction to an offence gives a feeling that a citizen is not left alone with the problem, but also awareness and warning that anyone who commits an offence will suffer the consequences. The article presents the ways of reacting to an offence and shows, on the basis of statistical data of the National Police Headquarters, the tendencies of reaction to offences, their scale and dynamics.

Źródło:

Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 143(3); 326-342
0867-5708

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Policyjny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:

On Prosecutor’s Offences in Roman Criminal Trial

Autorzy:

Elżbieta, Loska,

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902413.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-09-21

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

criminal trial
accusator
praevaricatio
proces karny

Opis:

The subject of the article is to present a crime of collusion (praevaricatio) in Roman criminal law. It is one of the forms of obstruction of the criminal process by the prosecutor. The main scope was to show this crime in the juridical sources, preserved in the Justinian’s Digest.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 215-222
0137-4346

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:

Selected Offences from the Special Section of the Penal Code — Crimes Against Property

Autorzy:

Rycaj-Pilipczuk, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45257112.pdf

Data publikacji:

2023-01-10

Wydawca:

Akademia Policji w Szczytnie

Tematy:

offences
injured person
robbery
burglary
fraud
damage
unlawful appropriation

Opis:

This study aims to examine the problem of selected offences against property listed in the Penal Code. Criminal law is one of the branches of the legal system in force in Poland. It fulfils a special role because it protects not only the state and social and economic relations but mainly human rights and freedoms against offences that could undermine them. The article describes the conducted research, which was based on two main research methods, i.e. the diagnostic survey method and the statistical analysis method. The method of analysing the subject literature was adopted as a subsidiary one. The statistical method was based on the analysis of the 2019 crime statistics of the National Police Headquarters. In particular, the article discusses the offences that were deemed the most troublesome by the residents of the capital city of Warsaw: theft, burglary, fraud, damage to property and unlawful appropriation

Źródło:

Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 147(3); 263-281
0867-5708

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Policyjny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:

The courts reaction to offences committed by juveniles

Autorzy:

Włodarczyk-Madejska, Justyna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788421.pdf

Data publikacji:

2021-06-22

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

nieletni
sąd dla nieletnich
juveniles
juvenile court

Opis:

The article is a summary of research that have been conducted in Institute of Justice Ministry of Justice. Paper is shared on three short part: description the researched sample, collected evidence and the analysis of the factors influencing the judge’s decision. It allowed to answer on the three basic questions: who were juveniles to whom the court has applied the strictest measures mentioned in the article 6 of the Act on proceedings in juvenile cases, what evidence had the juvenile court used in taking a decision in relation to a specific person and how decisions issued by the court were consistent with the recommendations of the „supporting institutions”.

Źródło:

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2016, 23; 96-99
2084-5375

Pojawia się w:

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:

Przestępstwa związane z wykorzystaniem bankowości elektronicznej - skimming
Offences relating to the use of electronic banking — skimming

Autorzy:

Mikołajczyk, Krzysztof

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501820.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

Opis:

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy skimmingu będącego stosunkowo nowym i ciągle ewoluującym rodzajem przestępstwa zarówno w Polsce, jak i za granicą. Autor podjął próbę przybliżenia tego ustawowo niezdefiniowanego w prawie karnym przestępstwa, wskazując jednocześnie na jego cechy charakterystyczne, elementy składowe, a także na modus operandi jego sprawców. Oprócz omówienia rodzajów skimmingu, zagadnień technicznych z nim związanych oraz skutków tego typu przestępstwa, artykuł zawiera również charakterystykę wielopłaszczyznowej polityki zwalczania opisywanego zjawi¬ska. Autor nakreślił także ogólny zarys praktyki orzeczniczej i zapatrywań doktryny odnoszący się do skimmingu.
The article treats of skimming phenomenon, which is a relatively new and conti¬nuously evolving criminal method both in the national and international environment. Author of this article tries to describe this term, which is an offence unidentified in the criminal law, and simultaneously he demonstrates its characteristics, component parts and modus operandi of perpetrators. Apart from describing different types of skimming, technical issues linked with it and results of this type of crime, this study also contains characteristics of multidimensional policy of combating this phenomenon. Furthermore, author ventured to provide general outline of judicial practice and doctrine's outlook on skimming.

Źródło:

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego; 2014, 6, 10
2080-1335
2720-0841

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:

NULLUM CRIMEN SINE LEGE CERTA AND THE DISCIPLINARY OFFENCES OF PRISON SERVICE OFFICERS
Zasada nullum crimen sine lege certa i przewinienia dyscyplinarne funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej

Autorzy:

Baran, Beata

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443390.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas

Tematy:

Prison Service
officer
disciplinary proceedings
disciplinary penalties
disciplinary offences
Służba Więzienna
funkcjonariusz
postępowanie dyscyplinarne
kary dyscyplinarne
przewinienia dyscyplinarne

Opis:

The article is devoted to the subject of substantive and legal issues related to the characteristics of disciplinary offences of Prison Service officers. It will relate to both theoretical and practical aspects. The author will analyse the compliance of the provisions of the Act on Prison Service regarding the disciplinary offences with the principle nullum crimen sine lege certa.
W niniejszym artykule autorka przedstawia zagadnienie charakterystyki przewinień dyscyplinarnych funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej, zarówno w aspekcie teoretycznym, jak i praktycznym. Poddaje analizie zgodność norm ustawy o Służbie Więziennej z zasadą nullum crimen sine lege certa.

Źródło:

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2019, specjalny, XIX; 293-300
1644-9126

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

/5

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:

Porządek publiczny jako zasadniczy przedmiot ochrony prawa wykroczeń i czynnik rozgraniczający z powszechnym prawem karnym
Public order as a basic object of protection under petty offences law and criminal law

Autorzy:

Lubelski, Marek

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698957.pdf

Data publikacji:

2010

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

porządek publiczny
polityka kryminalna
prawo wykroczeń
public order
petty offences
scope of criminalization

Opis:

The author reviews those types of prohibited acts under criminal code and petty offences code which provide for public order protection. This serves as an attempt to prove that a value like public order should rather be protected under petty offences code (or other forms of legal sanctions eg. administrative ones) rather than under criminal law. The scope of criminalisation should not be extended towards criminalisation of acts against public order. This can be summarised in a debate on forms of legal reaction to prohibited acts. The review of the relevant act of law becomes the point of departure to formulate the opinion that public order is a separate object of legal protection. It does not require penal sanctions provided for crimes – in spite of well-established opinions in legal literature that petty offences differ from crimes basically only in the degree of social damage they cause. The author also makes numerous observations of a classical penal reaction indicators which can be described as “punitive type sanctions”. This proves that our times bring an abrupt increase of legal regulations which create norms of public order and prohibit acts of administrative character which do not belong to the area of criminal law and should not require sanctions provided for acts classified as crimes. A thorough examination of types of petty offences made in the article provides a surprising picture of what the legislator included under the sphere of public order. Names of particular divisions of the code are irrelevant here. In the view of the examination of the acts prohibited by petty offences code, public order is recognised by designators, that is objects protected by particular types of acts, regardless of the title of the chapter they were placed in. They include quiet night hours, protection of plants in public green areas, lack of graffiti on buildings, freedom from aggressive prostitution offers, beggary without a substantial cause, lack of soil in public places, conducting a business without registration required by law, registration of place of residence, obeying rules on public roads, freedom from various forms of disturbance of peace and quiet, freedom from infringements of public assembly or no production of skeleton keys and seals or stamps without a licence. There is also a category of bitypical offences that is prohibited acts which are classified as a petty offence or a crime depending on the value of property (eg. theft of an item of values less than PLN 250 is a petty offence, not a crime). In the opinion of the author, if they are classified as petty offences they can also be included in the category of violation of order, although this order has more of a civil that administrative character. Separate comments concern the criteria of classification of petty offences in fiscal penal code.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 2010, XXXII; 205-222
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:

Wokół Archiwów X
Around X Archives

Autorzy:

Wardak, Zbigniew

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/686084.pdf

Data publikacji:

2018

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

przestępstwa niewykryte
Archiwum X
undetected offences
Police X Archives

Opis:

The article deals with on selected issues related to proceedings in undetected crimes.
W artykule zajęto się wybranymi zagadnieniami związanymi z postępowaniami w sprawach przestępstw niewykrytych.

Źródło:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2018, 83; 5-6
0208-6069
2450-2782

Pojawia się w:

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 32.

Tytuł:

Cudzoziemcy – sprawcy przestępstwa przekupstwa na terenie Polski
Foreign Nationals as Perpetrators of Bribery Offences in Poland. Foreign Nationals Convicted of Bribery – Penalties and Punitive Measure

Autorzy:

Rzeplińska, Irena

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698642.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

cudzoziemcy
przestępstwo przekupstwa
sprawca przestępstwa
kryminologia
foreign nationals
bribery offences
bribery
Polska
punishment
punitive measures

Opis:

By the end of 2013, some 60,0000 citizens of EU Member States, and 121,000 third- -country nationals, holders of Polish residence permits, were registered in Poland. The aggregate number of foreign nationals who currently reside in Poland amounts to 0.5% of the country’s own population. Among the EU citizens, the most numerous are German, Italian, French, British, Bulgarian, and Spanish nationals. Among the non-EU nationals, the largest proportion of residents comes from Ukraine, Vietnam, Russian Federation, Belarus, China, Armenia, Turkey, India, USA, and South Korea; the Ukrainians making up by far the most populous group among them (i.e. 31% of all third-country nationals residing in Poland). Crime rate among foreign residents in Poland as gleaned from the police statistics on foreign offenders spanning 2004–2012 makes it clear that foreign suspects constitute ca. 1% to 0.43% in 2012 of the total number of suspects investigated. In the course of nine years, these crime dynamics (i.e. officially disclosed crime rate among foreign nationals in Poland) appeared to decline. In total, foreign nationals suspected of committing crimes in Poland come from of 61 countries, with EU citizens accounting for 1/3 of them, the remaining 2/3 originating from the third countries. The overall picture of offences perpetrated by foreign nationals in Poland in the period spanning 2004–2012 reveals some telltale characteristics of their prevalent structure. Firstly, a negligible proportion of human crime offences, secondly, a high proportion of specific crimes, e.g. driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whereupon, in the absence of a human victim, the only ‘aggravated’ party is the public order, and thirdly, a growing rate of foreigners suspected of having committed an offence against the credibility of documents. In the police statistics, foreign nationals suspected of committing offences under Articles 228, 229 and 230 of the Polish Penal Code make up 3.4% of all foreign suspects. Foreign nationals suspected of committing the offence of bribery under Article 229 of the Polish Penal Code, the actual subject matter of the study addressed in the paper, are foreign nationals convicted by Polish courts of law. Ninety-six criminal cases of bribery, originating in 2008–2013, which ended in convictions for foreign perpetrators, were randomly selected for the study. The issues of interest were as follows: the profiles of convicted foreigners, accompanying circumstances, general aetiology of the bribery offences committed by foreigners, the bribe recipients, convictions actually secured in a court of law against the perpetrators, and the types of punitive measures applied. Foreign nationals – perpetrators of bribery offences across Poland, originated from 17 countries. 81.3% of the studied population was made up of Ukrainians (41.7%), Belarussians (22.9%), Lithuanians (9.4%), and Russians (7.3%). Single cases were perpetrated by the citizens of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Sweden, Bulgaria, Romania, Latvia, China, Slovakia, Vietnam, Armenia, India, Czech Republic, and Germany. Men prevailed – ca. 10% of those convicted of bribery were women. The most numerous were perpetrators aged 32–40, while the remaining number of offenders was almost equally split amongst the following age brackets 41–50, 22–30, and 51–63 years; the oldest offenders being the least numerous. Two occupational groups clearly predominated: drivers and construction workers. Nonetheless, the perpetrators also included police officers, doctors, nurses, an office worker, and a teacher. The recipients of financial gains, i.e. those to whom the bribes were either handed out or offered, were police officers (48.9% of cases), border guards (31.3%), and customs service officers (15.6%). Individual cases comprise handing out a bribe to an official at the Registry Office (in connection with arranging for a fictitious marriage), public transport ticket inspector, and state railway security service officers. In the cases under study, two places for handing out bribes have been identified, i.e. border crossings (40.6% of cases) and public highways (51% of cases), where traffic police officers are offered material gain. In the vast majority of cases, it was money (amounts ranged from PLN 50.00 to over PLN 1,000.00). Every third perpetrator, a foreign national, was under the influence of alcohol when offering the bribe. The study of foreigners convicted of bribery in the years spanning 2008–2013 identifies two situations in which acts of corruption take place. The first one, driving under the influence of alcohol. Handing out material benefits to a traffic police officer, usually money, is intended to dissuade him from imposing a substantial fine, or from instigating criminal proceedings (prosecution), and consequently from an imposition of a ban on driving motor vehicles by a court of law. The other one, handing out financial benefits to Border Guard or Customs Service officers. When analysing the explanations provided by the perpetrators of bribery, how they tried to rationalise their attempts to corrupt public officials (the police, border guards, customs service officers), the investigators found that it all seemed to stem from a different legal culture in the societies they come from, i.e. a culture of open disregard for the law, public morality in which everything can be ‘sorted out,’ even if it means that the perpetrator effectively evades criminal liability. A public morality in which both parties, a public official and a citizen, conspire to circumvent the law. I am therefore inclined to brand the social background of origin of the 80% of foreign nationals convicted of bribery in Poland as ‘corruption-spawning communities,’ where in the relationship between a citizen and a government agency official it is perfectly natural to offer/accept a consideration for ‘sorting things out.’ Foreign nationals charged with bribery, except for a single case of conditional discontinuance of the proceedings in progress, were sentenced to fines and other punitive measures. A conditionally suspended term of imprisonment prevailed, followed closely by a fine. Apart from the actual penalties, the courts also applied selected punitive measures, such as driving bans, cash considerations, forfeiture of items originating directly from the offence, forfeiture of items actually used, or intended for use in the perpetration of an offence. Immediate custodial sentence was imposed in three cases, i.e. in convictions for several offences, such as bribery, driving under the influence of alcohol, and assaulting a public official.

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 175-189
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 33.

Tytuł:

Status of public prosecutor in cases involving tax offences

Autorzy:

Skowronek, Grzegorz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804486.pdf

Data publikacji:

2020-07-17

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie

Tematy:

Public prosecutor
penal fiscal code
financial investigative authority

Opis:

This study is a thorough analysis of the status of a public prosecutor in proceedings involving tax offences. It examines the regulation obliging fi nancial investigative authorities or their representative to participate in the main and appeal hearings if they fi led the bill of indictment for a fi scal offence. Moreover, there is a research question in the text whether is it right to apply the system of two public prosecutors functioning next to each other in the Penal Fiscal Code, i.e. a prosecutor and a representative of the fi nancial investigative authorities acting as a public prosecutor? The set of entities which may act as public prosecutors under the provisions of the Penal Fiscal Code has been identifi ed in the course of the research. It has also been pointed out that the legislator underlines the importance of fi scal penal law as regards compensating for fi nancial loss through both the obligatory participation of the fi nancial investigative authority or its representative in the main hearing, and allowing this body to become a public prosecutor although it is not entitled to fi le an indictment. Maintaining two public prosecutors in a court of law when dealing with fi scal offences has also been advocated.

Źródło:

Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 137(1); 52-65
0867-5708

Pojawia się w:

Przegląd Policyjny

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 34.

Tytuł:

Przestępstwa stwierdzone w latach 1965–1969 oraz osoby podejrzane o ich dokonanie (na podstawie danych statystyki milicyjno-prokuratorskich)
Offences Discovered in 1965–1969 and the Persons Suspected of Them (data based on police statistics)

Autorzy:

Mościskier, Andrzej
Syzduł, Edward

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699152.pdf

Data publikacji:

1972

Wydawca:

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN

Tematy:

statystyka policyjna
przestępstwa
podejrzany
police statistics
offences
persons suspected

Opis:

The publication compiles data from police records on offences discovered in 1.965 – 1969 and the persons suspected of them.  

Źródło:

Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 270-303
0066-6890
2719-4280

Pojawia się w:

Archiwum Kryminologii

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 35.

Tytuł:

Problematyka ścigania sprawców przestępstw przeciwko Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
The Problem of Prosecuting Perpetrators of offences Against the Polish Republic

Autorzy:

Hoc, Stanisław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1871449.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-11-13

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Opis:

The aim of the article is to present the basic problems of prosecuting perpetrators of offences against the Polish Republic (Art. 127-139 of the Penal Code). The competence of the prosecution agency and of the administration of justice (Agency of Internal Security, Police, Military Intelligence Service, Military Police, common courts of law and military courts) are characterized. Attention is drawn to the significance of operational-reconnaissance actions within the range of adjudicating and fighting the offences against the Polish Republic. Also the essence is presented of the duty to denounce that is defined in Art. 240 of the Penal Code, in the context of prosecuting of offences against the Polish Republic.

Źródło:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2004, 14, 1; 207-228
1507-7896
2544-5227

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 36.

Tytuł:

Znamiona ilościowe w procesie kontrawencjonalizacji w kontekście zasady nullum crimen sine lege – wybrane zagadnienia
Quantitative traits in the process of contraventionalisation in the context of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege – selected issues

Autorzy:

Pawlik, Renata

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476965.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

Tematy:

process of contraventionalisation
principle nullum crimen sine lege
misdemeanour
offences
“petty offences”

Opis:

As for now, the Polish law of misdemeanours has not worked out a uniform concept. Historically, its developments have assumed various conceptual structures – starting with an administration type of model through the current one that comes closer to that of a criminal liability. As early as in 1918, while developing a concept of the law of misdemeanours, it was disputed whether misdemeanours should be recognised as a separate category, including cases of violation of the order, or as those that were primarily related to the sphere of administrative actions or whether they should be established on the basis of that social harm they caused and to assume that a misdemeanour was a petty form of an offence. The current model that has been worked out in the course of transformation is characterised by a significant lack of cohesion, and this assessment is even more substantiated by implementation of a concept of the socalled hybrid offences. The concept itself consisting in the diversification of liability by creating the so-called hybrid offences is a relatively new solution under the Polish system which raises significant doubts, largely in terms of its theoretical aspects, and also the one that creates serious practical issues (e.g. in 87 of the Code of Misdemeanours and under 178a of the Polish Penal Code). Conducting research within the planned extent process of contraventionalisation and principle nullum crimen sine lege has been assumed to provide for working out the basis for adopting coherent and uniform solutions with regard to the liability for what is referred to “petty offences,” and then allow undertaking further research, for example, into specific Polish solutions concerning offences and misdemeanours against safety in traffic in terms of clear limits and nature of such a liability which would serve as a reference point in legislation works in the future.

Źródło:

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2014, 2(15); 111-146
1689-8052
2451-0807

Pojawia się w:

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 37.

Tytuł:

Orzecznictwo karno-administracyjne w zakresie dostaw obowiązkowych płodów rolnych w Polsce Ludowej

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621210.pdf

Data publikacji:

2009

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

compulsory delivery, petty offences law

Opis:

The compulsory delivery of agriculture products in Poland was introduced in 1951. The Communist government wanted to control agriculture production in this way. The shortages of food in towns caused big political problems and the communists tried to control farmers by the administrative and penal repression. In 1952 boards judging petty offences were established and they punished farmers by fines. They were high, especially for richer farmers “kulaks”, but for all groups of farmers they were severe. The efficiency of these fines was not very high, because farmers did not want to pay. Then the authori- ties introduced an arrest as a substitutive penalty, if the farmer didn’t pay the fine. This penalty gave good results – farmers started fulfilling the deliveries, but the system was very repressive. In 1955, when first syndromes of post-Stalin thaw started, the system became less repressive. In 1956 the range of the compulsory delivery was reduced and economic measures were applied to those, who didn’t fulfill the duty. They were abolished in 1971.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 189-221
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 38.

Tytuł:

Rola kryminalistyki w wykrywaniu przestępstw i zwalczaniu przestępczości
The roleof forensics in detection of criminal offences and combating crime

Autorzy:

Gurgul, Józef

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374006.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Policji

Źródło:

Problemy Kryminalistyki; 2015, 287; 54-60
0552-2153

Pojawia się w:

Problemy Kryminalistyki

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 39.

Tytuł:

CRIMINAL OFFENCES OF PIRACY IN POLISH CRIMINAL LEGISLATION

Autorzy:

FRĄCKOWIAK, KAMIL

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512520.pdf

Data publikacji:

2015

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum

Tematy:

piracy
taking control over a ship
preparatory activities
maritime robbery

Opis:

The author of the article made an attempt to thoroughly analyze prohibited acts aimed at penalization of the criminal actions closely connected with piracy. Perpetrators of maritime offences committed on both open and inland sea – in case when they will be under the jurisdiction of the Polish law – can commit prohibited acts included in chapters XIX, XX, XXXII and XXXV of the Polish Penal Code of 1997, which are respectively aimed against health and life, common security, public order and property, of course this set of acts is not completed. It is not possible to predict all of the pirates’ actions. However, especially perpetrators (pirates), can – by their actions – fulfill such characteristic features of offences as: taking a ship into possession (art. 166 of the Penal Code), placement on the ship dangerous device or substance (art. 167 of the Penal Code), piracy (art. 170 of the Penal Code), participation in an organized crime or gang (art. 258 of the Penal Code). Summing up, taking into account the author’s aim of the description of offences in terms of piracy in Polish criminal law, only the problems connected with maritime aspects of prohibited acts were described.

Źródło:

Studia Ełckie; 2015, 17, 1; 57-72
1896-6896
2353-1274

Pojawia się w:

Studia Ełckie

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 40.

Tytuł:

Circumstances Which are the Basis Of Exemption of a Person From Criminal Liability for Corruption Offences in the Field of Professional Activities Related to Public Service

Autorzy:

Viktorovich, Shevchyshen Artem

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374832.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie

Tematy:

proving
exemption from criminal responsibility
corruption offences in the field of service activities related to the provision of public services

Opis:

The article examines the peculiarities of proving circumstances, which are the basis for the release of a person from criminal responsibility for corruption offences in the field of service activities related to the provision of public services. Substantive and procedural legal basis for such release has been found and the peculiarities of proving circumstances which are the grounds for the release of a person from criminal responsibility on the basis of article 49 and part 5 of article 354 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine have been analysed.

Źródło:

Internal Security; 2019, 11(2); 201-210
2080-5268

Pojawia się w:

Internal Security

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 41.

Tytuł:

Propozycja nowelizacji art. 11 Kodeksu karnego
The proposed amendment to Art. 11 of the Penal Code

Autorzy:

Pohl, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170048.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości

Tematy:

teoria jedności przestępstwa
teoria wielości przestępstw
zbieg przepisów
zbieg przestępstw
theory of the unity of offence
theory of the multiplicity of offences
concurrence of penal law provisions
concurrence of offences

Opis:

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera propozycję wprowadzenia do polskiego Kodeksu karnego teorii wielości przestępstwa. Teoria ta pozwala bowiem najwłaściwiej zareagować na fakt naruszenia wielu norm, w przeciwieństwie do teorii jedności przestępstwa.
The article proposes introducing of the theory of the multiplicity of offences into the Polish Penal Code. This theory allows for a more accurate response to the fact of violation of many norms than the theory of the unity of offence.

Źródło:

Prawo w Działaniu; 2022, 49; 113-121
2084-1906
2657-4691

Pojawia się w:

Prawo w Działaniu

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 42.

Tytuł:

GLOSA APROBUJĄCA DO WYROKU IZBY KARNEJ SĄDU NAJWYŻSZEGO Z 29 MAJA 2018 R. O SYGN. AKT II KK 99/18

Autorzy:

Rosiak, Łukasz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/664212.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie

Tematy:

offences against property
petty offence
offence
thef
the Polish Code of Petty Offences
the Polish Penal Code.
przestępstwa przeciwko mieniu
wykroczenie
przestępstwo
kradzież
kodeks wykroczeń
kodeks karny.

Opis:

The comment relates to the verdict issued by the Supreme Court on the adjudication of offences and petty offences against property (viz. theft), for which the financial criterion for criminalization (as of 9 November 2013) is the minimum value of payment for work, as set down in Kodeks wykroczeń (the Polish Code of Petty Offences). In cases of this kind the value of minimum pay should be taken for the day when the verdict for the offence was passed, not for the day on which it was committed.
Glosowany wyrok Sądu Najwyższego dotyczy problematyki orzekania o czynach przeciwko mieniu, w stosunku do których od 9 listopada 2013 r. kryterium uznania danego czynu za przestępstwo albo za wykroczenie stanowi określony w kodeksie wykroczeń wskaźnik minimalnego wynagrodzenia za pracę. We wskazanym zakresie należy mieć na uwadze minimalne wynagrodzenie z daty orzekania w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności za taki czyn, a nie z daty jego popełnienia.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2019, 19, 2
2353-8139

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Prawnicze

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 43.

Tytuł:

Wtórna wiktymizacja ofiar przestępstw seksualnych – aspekty normatywne i praktyczne
Secondary victimisation of victims of sexual offences – regulatory and practical aspects

Autorzy:

Dziergawka, Anna

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52233516.pdf

Data publikacji:

2024

Wydawca:

Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości

Tematy:

przestępstwa seksualne
wiktymologia
wtórna wiktymizacja
rewiktymizacja
kultura gwałtu
sexual offences
victimology
secondary victimisation
revictimisation
rape culture

Opis:

Przedmiotem artykułu jest zjawisko wtórnej wiktymizacji ofiar przestępstw seksualnych. Podjęte rozważania dotyczą pojęcia, etiologii, a także możliwych form zapobiegania wtórnej wiktymizacji za pomocą środków normatywnych oraz praktyki organów ścigania i wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Głównym celem publikacji staje się poszukiwanie kompleksowych rozwiązań, które będą realną pomocą dla ofiar przestępstw seksualnych i zapobiegną wtórnej wiktymizacji oraz rewiktymizacji. Autorka wskazuje na potrzebę zmiany świadomości prawnej i społecznej w postrzeganiu ofiary oraz jej podmiotowego traktowania.
The article deals with secondary victimisation of victims of sexual offences. It considers the term, aetiology and possible forms of preventing secondary victimisation through regulatory efforts and practice of the law enforcement and judicial authorities. The chief objective of the paper is the search for comprehensive solutions which will really help the victims of sexual offences and prevent their secondary victimisation and revictimisation. The author of the paper points out that legal and social awareness in the perception of victims and their objectifying treatment must change.

Źródło:

Prawo w Działaniu; 2024, 57; 164-188
2084-1906
2657-4691

Pojawia się w:

Prawo w Działaniu

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 44.

Tytuł:

Violation of the Obligation of Residence According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law

Autorzy:

Romanko, Agnieszka

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11383998.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie

Tematy:

Offences against special obligations
diocesan bishop
pastor
sanctions

Opis:

The obligation of residence is the obligation to reside in a specific territory on a permanent basis in connection with holding an ecclesiastical office. The delict of violation of the obligation of residence is penalized under can. 1396 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law and is strictly linked to the entrusted ecclesiastical office such as: cardinals holding specific offices in the Roman Curia, diocesan bishop, coadjutor bishop, auxiliary bishop, diocesan administrator, pastor, parochial administrator and a group of clerics administering the parish in solidum, parochial vicar. Violation of the obligation of residence is subject to a mandatory penalty. The gravest penalty provided for by the ecclesiastical legislator is the privation of ecclesiastical office.

Źródło:

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2022, 12, 1; 259-268
2391-6559
2083-8018

Pojawia się w:

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 45.

Tytuł:

Wykroczenia z Ustawy o bezpieczeństwie imprez masowych de lege lata i de lege ferenda
The offences listed in the law act on security of mass events de lege lata and de lege ferenda

Autorzy:

Sawicki, Janusz

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/469311.pdf

Data publikacji:

2014

Wydawca:

Uczelnia Jana Wyżykowskiego

Tematy:

imprezy masowe
bezpieczeństwo i porządek
wykroczenia z ustawy
propozycje zmian
mass events
security and order
offences listed in the law act
suggested
changes (amendments)

Opis:

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego podczas imprez masowych, w szczególności meczów piłki nożnej. Po właściwym wprowadzeniu do tematu i przedstawieniu zakresu penalizacji autor poddaje szczegółowej analizie poszczególne wykroczenia godzące w bezpieczeństwo i porządek, uregulowane w Ustawie z 20 marca 2009 r. o bezpieczeństwie imprez masowych. Analiza ta obejmuje zarówno ustawowe znamiona każdego wykroczenia, jak i grożące za nie sankcje. Na koniec autor artykułu przedstawia i uzasadnia propozycje najpilniejszych zmian w ustawowej regulacji przedmiotowych wykroczeń.
The article refers to the issues of the public security and order during the mass events, especially football matches. After the appropriate introduction to the topic and the presentation of the range of punishment, the author carries a detailed analysis of the particular offences related directly to the security and order, regulated by the Law Act on the security of mass events as of 20 March 2009. The analysis includes the statutory definitions of each offence as well as the statutory punishment for them. Finally, the author specifies and justifies the most urgent amendments to the Law Act, that refer to the subject offences.

Źródło:

Zeszyty Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki w Polkowicach. Studia z nauk społecznych; 2014, 7; 229-247
2082-7547

Pojawia się w:

Zeszyty Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki w Polkowicach. Studia z nauk społecznych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 46.

Tytuł:

Age and sex patterns of persons suspected of committing offences in Łódź
Struktura wieku i płci osób podejrzewanych o popełnienie przestępstw w Łodzi

Autorzy:

Mordwa, Stanisław

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691526.pdf

Data publikacji:

2013

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Tematy:

-

Opis:

Badanie struktur demograficznych osób popełniających przestępstwa ma długotrwałą tradycję w dorobku różnych dyscyplin naukowych zajmujących się analizą różnych kwestii związanych z przestępczością. Interesujące jest bowiem dociekanie odpowiedzi na pytanie dlaczego w populacjach o określonej strukturze niektóre jednostki popełniają przestępstwa, podczas gdy inne zdecydowanie powstrzymują się od takich działań. Spośród cech demograficznych wpływ na występowanie zachowań przestępczych i dewiacyjnych mają: wiek, płeć (biologiczna i społeczna), rasa, małżeńskość, rozrodczość, migracje, redystrybucja przestrzenna ludności. Twierdzenie, że istnieje związek między płcią i wiekiem a natężeniem przestępczości jest jednym z najstarszych i powszechnie akceptowanych we współczesnej kryminologii. Na całym świecie uzasadnione jest wskazywanie na mężczyzn jako głównych sprawców przestępstw, także w przypadku struktury wieku przestępców znana jest prawidłowość o spadku skłonności do dokonywania czynów przestępczych wraz z wiekiem potencjalnego sprawcy. W wielu teoriach dowodzi się, że najwyższe natężenie przestępczości jest wśród osób będących w okresie dojrzewania i maleje wśród coraz starszych roczników. Okazuje się jednak, że mimo ewidentnego spadku skłonności do popełniania przestępstw w coraz starszych grupach wiekowych, zauważalne są istotne różnice między udziałami poszczególnych grup wiekowych dokonujących deliktów, które porównywane są dla różnych obszarów bądź lokalizacji. Odnośnie wieku sprawców przestępstw podstawowa jest prawidłowość: zależność między skłonnością do popełniania przestępstw a wiekiem jest odwrotna, co oznacza spadek tej skłonności u osób coraz to starszych. Także w tym przypadku fenomen ten ma swój wymiar społeczny ‒ ale także przestrzenny. Celem tego opracowania jest udowodnienie, że w przypadku struktury płci i wieku nawet w przestrzeni tego samego miasta zmienne są proporcje między różnymi grupami osób podejrzanych o popełnienie przestępstw. W wyniku analiz dotyczących wybranych cech demograficznych osób podejrzanych o popełnienie przestępstw w Łodzi potwierdzono ogólne prawa kryminologiczne dotyczące znaczenia wpływu płci i wieku na skłonność ludzi do popełniania deliktów. Jednak w przypadku przedstawionych wyników badań okazało się, że znaczenie wpływu badanych cech podejrzanych nie jest jednoznaczne. Nawet w przypadku przestrzeni jednego miasta zauważono bowiem, że natężenie występowania podejrzanych w różnych grupach populacji mieszkańców nie jest stałe. Mimo, że ogólne prawidłowości dotyczące przestępczości jako zjawiska popełnianego głównie przez mężczyzn i ludzi młodych wszędzie w przestrzeni Łodzi są oczywiste, to już wskaźniki natężenia przestępstw dla tych grup populacji wykazują istotną zmienność przestrzenną. Można zatem  wnioskować, że środowisko mieszkaniowe – przy zachowaniu ogólnych prawidłowości o charakterze demograficznym – stanowi znaczący element modyfikujący skłonność osób do popełniania deliktów.
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Źródło:

Space – Society – Economy; 2013, 12; 75-91
1733-3180
2451-3547

Pojawia się w:

Space – Society – Economy

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 47.

Tytuł:

Modern challenges in combating rape, harassment and other criminal offences against sexual freedom

Autorzy:

Timofieieva, Liliya

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120152.pdf

Data publikacji:

2022-09-30

Wydawca:

Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek

Tematy:

harassment
sexual assault
crime against humanity
prevention
discrimination
gender

Opis:

Obviously harassment problems are circulated throughout the world. According to Sustainable development goals, ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s crucial for sustainable future. Organizations should talk about past experiences of harassment. The best way to deal with sexual crime is reduce fear of talking about it. Management should demonstrate the importance of this issue, and the victim should not fear being fired or demoted. This issue concerns violence by men against women, women against men, as well as violence against women by women, and men against men. Violence is often driven by a desire for power. This is not only about sexual abuse, but also psychological abuse. All this undoubtedly affects the quality of a person’s work and life. Also government should focus their attention on implement international standards in this sphere. In particular some aspect of these standards had already been adopted in legislation by the government of Ukraine. For sure this is a crucial instrument to prevent sexual crime. However, as reality shows, this does deter neither people nor corporations from infringements. The issue of harassment was especially acute in connection with the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (from 24 February, 2022). The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in force since July 2002, includes rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or “any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity” as a crime against humanity when it is committed in a widespread or systematic way. Women have become particularly vulnerable as men are taken to the front and left alone with the children. They are often subjected to violence by the occupiers. They are vulnerable during traveling abroad as well. Criminals take advantage of this situation and use women for trafficking and sexual exploitation.

Źródło:

Reality of Politics; 2022, 21; 108-121
2082-3959

Pojawia się w:

Reality of Politics

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 48.

Tytuł:

Projekt ustawy o ustroju kolegiów do spraw wykroczeń z 1970 r. w ocenie uczestników dyskusji społecznej
The draft law on magistrate courts for petty offences of 1970 in the opinion of the participants of public discussion

Autorzy:

Łysko, Marcin

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621882.pdf

Data publikacji:

2016

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Tematy:

kolegia do spraw wykroczeń, dyskusja społeczna, Polska Ludowa.
magistrate courts for petty offences, public discussion, the Polish People’s Republic.

Opis:

The draft law on magistrate courts for petty offences of 1970 was created within the framework of codification works on petty offence law in the Polish People’s Republic The fact of sustaining the dependence of magistrate courts of local structures of Home Affairs administration was criticised during public discussion over the draft. Representatives of academics, who participated in the discussion, called for placing magistrate courts by local bodies of state administration or even transforming them into special courts. They postulated depriving the Minister for Home Affairs of the right to establish general prin- ciples for criminal policy and granting the Supreme Court with the judicial supervision over case-law magistrate courts. Those postulates served as the basis for the political system reform of 1990, which placed magistrate courts for petty offences in the structures of the Ministry of Justice.

Źródło:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2016, 15, 1; 181-203
1732-9132
2719-9991

Pojawia się w:

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 49.

Tytuł:

Uzasadnianie kryminalizacji na wybranych przykładach przepisów pozakodeksowego prawa karnego sensu largo

Autorzy:

Kacper, Oleksy,

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902426.pdf

Data publikacji:

2017-09-12

Wydawca:

Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Tematy:

criminalisation
Constitution
non-codified criminal offences
legislation
kryminalizacja
Konstytucja
pozakodeksowe czyny zabronione
legislacja

Opis:

The axiological fundaments of criminalisation of certain human behaviours are set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Their application is problematic, especially in the case of crimes and petty offences regulated outside of the Criminal Code and the Code of Petty Offences. The analysis of the examples of such criminal offences, touching in particular the commercial activity, brings to the conclusion that the prinicples of criminalisation used by the Polish legislative power are unclear. The parliament does not provide the courts and administration with any motives of its decisions, which may hinder the proper application of law. Such situation encourages the jurisprudence to propose different procedural schemes for the decision on criminalisation.

Źródło:

Studia Iuridica; 2017, 69; 99-114
0137-4346

Pojawia się w:

Studia Iuridica

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 50.

Tytuł:

Pojęcie „podejrzany” w ramach czynności wyjaśniających w trybie art. 54 §1 w Kodeksie postępowania w sprawach o wykroczenia
The Notion of „Suspect” in Explanatory Proceedings Based on art. 54 Par. 1. In Petty Offences Procedure Code

Autorzy:

Bień-Węgłowska, Iwona

Powiązania:

https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807338.pdf

Data publikacji:

2019-11-15

Wydawca:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL

Tematy:

osoba podejrzana w k.p.w.
zarzuty
podejrzany w k.p.w.
suspect in Petty Offences Procedure Code
charges
suspect in POPC

Opis:

The aim of the article is to clarify several terminological issues concerning the person who is suspected of a petty offence against whom explanatory proceedings have been instituted by virtue of Art. 54, par. 1, of the Petty Offences Procedure Code. The Code does not define precisely the notion of a person suspected of committing a minor offence, leaving some room for individual interpretations to theoreticians and the doctrine of the procedure law of petty offences. The Code calls the suspected person either “a person suspected of commission of a petty offence” or “a person against whom there are reasonable grounds to draw up an application for punishment”. The article points out some differences between both institutions, although the inconsistency in using these terms by the legislator causes that the distinction becomes blurred, and in practice the trial status of the suspect becomes ambiguous. The above situation may lead to certain factual doubts and misunderstanding relating to the rights of the person suspected of an offence. The article proposes some terminological regime to be imposed as it would order the adopted terminology and introduce the notion of a suspect for a person suspected of committing a petty offence at every stage of explanatory proceedings. Adopting such a solution would involve a proposal to determine the legal status of a person suspected of a minor offence in such a way that he or she can have the rights of a litigant party.

Źródło:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2008, 18, 2; 149-156
1507-7896
2544-5227

Pojawia się w:

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

Dostawca treści:

Biblioteka Nauki

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