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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 34
Tytuł:
Chromaticity measurement of airport navigation lighting using integrated colour sensor
Autorzy:
Suder, Jakub
Podbucki, Kacper
Marciniak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
colour sensor
chromaticity
CIE1931
aeronautical ground lights
airport navigation lighting
EASA
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis of using a TCS3430 light colour sensor to verify the chromaticity of navigation lighting installed at airports. These measurements can help determine the correct operation of the tested lamp using of specialised measuring devices. The emitted light colour is critical for pilots during flight operations such as take-off, landing and taxiing, especially in low visibility conditions. Chromaticity standards (in CIE1931 colour space) are specified in the relevant regulations of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), and require regular inspection of each light point (both in-pavement and elevated lamps). Tests were carried out for various types of aviation navigation lighting lamps. The stability of measurements and possibilities of visualization on the chromaticity chart were assessed. The article also presents software that allows for quick verification of the operation of a given lamp, intended for airport maintenance services.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 4; art. no. e147040
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development and validation of an operational fast time ship manoeuvring solver to increase navigation efficiency in horizontally restricted waterways
Autorzy:
Kazerooni, M. F.
Rahimian, M.
Tree, M.
Womersley, T.
Jensen, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
manoeuvring
measurement
hydrodynamics
autopilot
fast-time manoeuvring simulation technology
harbour navigation
shallow water
harbour approach channels design
Opis:
Growth of demand for containerized cargo shipping has put more ports into pressure to accommodate larger vessels. Considering the limitations on dimensions of navigation channels, this is not feasible unless aiming for significant capital dredging or alternatively creating high precision predictions of vessel motions subjected to environmental forcing and interaction with shallow and restricted waterway. NCOS ONLINE (Nonlinear Channel Optimisation Simulator) is a state of the art navigation support tool which combines DHI’s high level forecast of environmental conditions with mathematical model of ship motions to add an extra level of accuracy in predicting the under-keel clearance and vessel swept path to boost the efficiency of navigation and pilotage within restricted channels. NCOS Manoeuvring Module utilizes an autopilot scheme based on PID (Proportional / Integral / Derivative) controller and Line of Sight Algorithm to FORCE Technology’s SimFlex4 manoeuvring solver for prediction of manoeuvring ship swept path and response, which will effectively bring the accuracy of real time full bridge simulator to fast time operation support tool. In this paper, the result of mathematical model is validated against fullscale measurements of containership transits through Port of Auckland Navigation channel by comparing pilot commands, leeway drift and swept path through output of portable pilotage unit. According to the results the model is found promising to predict the behaviour of human pilots with precision required in operational use. Finally, the swept path and manoeuvring performance of a sample transit is assessed on different environmental conditions and tide stages to evaluate the safe transit windows in operation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 1; 71--76
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal navigation for blind people
Autorzy:
Marzec, Paweł
Kos, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
blind/visually impaired person
GPS
infrared matrix
infrared sensors
low-energy measurement systems
mobile robots
satellite navigation
thermal navigation
osoba niewidoma
osoba niedowidząca
matryca podczerwieni
czujniki podczerwieni
systemy pomiarowe niskoenergetyczne
roboty mobilne
nawigacja satelitarna
nawigacja termiczna
Opis:
This article presents a system of precise navigation for a visually impaired person which uses GPS navigation and an infrared sensor in the form of an infrared matrix. The presented system allows determining the orientation and distance of a blind person relative to a selected object, e.g. a wall or road edge. The application of the above solution facilitates a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the position of a blind person compared to the accuracy offered by commonly used ground satellite devices. The system uses thermal energy accumulated in the environment without the need to generate additional signals. The main parts of the system are a simple infrared matrix, data processing system and vibrating wristband. Messages and navigation warnings are sent to a blind person in the form of a vibration code. The article describes the method of determining the path of a specified width and distance from the wall of a building, curb, etc., along which a blind person should move. The article additionally describes the method of determining the orientation of a blind person depending on the selected object. Such a method facilitates verifying whether the visually impaired person is moving according to the indicated direction. The method can also be used to navigate mobile robots. Due to the use of natural energy for data registration and processing, the mobile navigation system can be operated for a long time without the need to recharge the battery.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; e136038, 1--11
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal navigation for blind people
Autorzy:
Marzec, Paweł
Kos, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
blind/visually impaired person
GPS
infrared matrix
infrared sensors
low-energy measurement systems
mobile robots
satellite navigation
thermal navigation
osoba niewidoma
osoba niedowidząca
matryca podczerwieni
czujniki podczerwieni
systemy pomiarowe niskoenergetyczne
roboty mobilne
nawigacja satelitarna
nawigacja termiczna
Opis:
This article presents a system of precise navigation for a visually impaired person which uses GPS navigation and an infrared sensor in the form of an infrared matrix. The presented system allows determining the orientation and distance of a blind person relative to a selected object, e.g. a wall or road edge. The application of the above solution facilitates a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the position of a blind person compared to the accuracy offered by commonly used ground satellite devices. The system uses thermal energy accumulated in the environment without the need to generate additional signals. The main parts of the system are a simple infrared matrix, data processing system and vibrating wristband. Messages and navigation warnings are sent to a blind person in the form of a vibration code. The article describes the method of determining the path of a specified width and distance from the wall of a building, curb, etc., along which a blind person should move. The article additionally describes the method of determining the orientation of a blind person depending on the selected object. Such a method facilitates verifying whether the visually impaired person is moving according to the indicated direction. The method can also be used to navigate mobile robots. Due to the use of natural energy for data registration and processing, the mobile navigation system can be operated for a long time without the need to recharge the battery.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 1; art. no. e136038
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Attempt to Use Google Earth Pro Images for Selected Geodetic Works − for Example of Wolności Square in Poznań (Poland)
Autorzy:
Kubiak, Jarosław
Magda, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43347428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Google Earth Pro maps
Topographic Objects Database
topographic descriptions
satellite measurement
Opis:
The article concerns issues pertaining to satellite geodesy and the possibilities of using the available source materials such as high-resolution satellite maps for selected works which require a high degree of accuracy in determining the location of topographic objects. The purpose of the work was to indicate the potential use of Google Earth maps for selected geodetic works (preparing topographic descriptions, sketch maps) in order to facilitate and accelerate the process. Works were carried out in an urban area, Wolności Square in Poznań (Poland) where 58 checkpoints were located. In order to design them, maps from the Google system from four periods were used. The research used the Global Navigation Satellite Systems set consisting of a Leica GS08 + satellite receiver and a Leica CS15 controller, geodetic software for work design (Trimble GNSS Planning Online) and calculations (C-Geo 8) as well as cartographic materials and data obtained from the Municipal Center of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Poznań: the master map, catalog data and topographic descriptions of the reference points. The results show that the accuracy of the location of points offered by Google is greater than declared by the system operators. However, it is not sufficient for applications in the assumed geodetic works.
Źródło:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna; 2020, 11 (71); 65-74
2081-6014
Pojawia się w:
Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation and measurement studies of the VDES system’s terrestrial component
Autorzy:
Bronk, Krzysztof
Koncicki, Patryk
Lipka, Adam
Rutkowski, Dominik
Wereszko, Błażej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
maritime radiocommunications
E-navigation
VHF Data Exchange System
VDE-TER
Maritime VHF channels
Opis:
In the paper, the measurement and simulation results of the VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) terrestrial component are discussed. It is anticipated that VDES will be one of the major solutions for maritime communications in the VHF band and its performance will be sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the e-navigation applications. The process of the VDES standardization (ITU R, IALA) has not been officially completed yet, but substantial amount of technical information about the future system’s terrestrial component (VDE-TER) is already available. The paper is divided into three general parts: (a) theoretical presentation of the system’s physical layer and the radio channels applicable to VDES, (b) simulation results (BER, BLER, channel delay between two propagation paths and its influence on bit rates) and (c) measurement results (useful ranges, BER). It turned out that in real maritime conditions, the VDES system can offer ranges between 25 and 38 km for the configurations assumed during the measurement campaign. Those results are generally compliant with the theoretical data in the line-of-sight conditions. In the NLOS scenarios, where fading becomes the dominant phenomenon, the discrepancies between the measurements and the theoretical results were more significant. The obtained results confirmed that VDES provides a large coding gain, which significantly improves the performance of data transmission and increases the bit rate compared to the existing maritime radiocommunication solutions. It should be noted that the results presented in the article were used by the IALA while developing the current version of the VDES specification.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 1; 95-106
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calculation and measurement of tide height for the navigation of ship at high tide using artificial neural network
Autorzy:
Li, Q.
Bing-Dong, Y.
Bi-Guang, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
deep-draft ships
neural network
intelligent navigation
multi-observation stations
Opis:
Accurate tide height is crucial for the safe navigation of large deep-draft ships when they enter and leave the port. We have proposed an accurate forecasting method for the tide heights from the observation data and neural networks, which can easily calculate the tidal window period of large deep-draft ships’ navigation through long channels at high tide. Moreover, an artificial neural network is established for the tide height from the observation of tide heights before their current time node. For an ideal forecast, the neural network was optimized for one year with the tide height data of Huanghua Port. In case of large ships, their tidal characteristics of channels for are complex. A new method is proposed for the observation of multiple stations and artificial neural networks of each observation station. When ships are navigating through the port, the tide height is predicted from the observed data and forecast tide heights of multiple observation stations. Thus, a valid tidal window period is secured when the ships enter the port. Comparative analysis of the ship’s tidal window period with that of the measured one can lead us to conclude that the forecasted data has a strong correlation with the measurement. So, our proposed algorithm can accurately predict the tide height and calculate the node timing when the ship enters and depart the port. Finally, these results can be applied for the safe navigation of large deep-draft ships when the port is at high tide.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, S 3; 99-110
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of radar distance measurement accuracy on the accuracy of position fixing in VTS systems
Autorzy:
Czaplewski, K.
Guze, S.
Świerczyński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
radar
VTS
navigation
navigation automation
mathematical methods
Opis:
The main source of information on the situation across the sea basins used by operators of shipping monitoring systems is a network of coastal radar stations. Presently, it is possible to gather navigational information from many individual radar stations simultaneously, which may be used for improving the accuracy of vessel position fixing. However, without making other estimates, we obtain an inconsistent image comprising multiple echoes of the same ship, and as such it is impossible to say which echo presents the vessel on the move. Another problem is the method of performing radar observations, which significantly affects the accuracy of position fixing. The estimated radar distance is encumbered with a gross error in the case of large vessels, as the position of a large vessel is not the same as the position of the edge of the radar echo to which the estimation is made. In this paper, the authors present a method to adjust the measured radar distance. The proposed method may be automated easily, which would significantly enhance VTS positioning processes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 3; 5-13
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of MEMS inertial sensors used in low-dynamics application
Autorzy:
Szumski, A.
Eissfeller, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117053.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT)
Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOG)
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
gyrocompassing
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
inertial systems
Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)
Allan standard deviation
Opis:
The analysis presents the performance of navigation application driven with MEMS and FOG inertial sensors. The inertial sensors were working under conditions simulating a potential robotic mission, which reduce accuracy of some of the navigation applications. Empirical results of the test confirm degradation of the navigation system performance in the presented demanding mission. Influence of the testing conditions and of the inertial sensor technology is presented and discussed in the paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2017, 11, 2; 221-226
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lotniczy skaning laserowy (LiDAR-ALS) jako źródło danych do obliczeń stateczności skarp na terenach zadrzewionych i zakrzewionych
Airborne laser scanning (LiDAR-ALS) as a source of data for calculations of escarpment stability in wooded and bushy areas
Autorzy:
Piechota, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
lotniczy skaning laserowy
ALS
skaning laserowy
LiDAR
globalny system nawigacji satelitarnej
GNSS
cyfrowy model terenu
DTM
pomiar nachylenia
kontrola jakości
Airborne Laser Scanning
Light Detection And Ranging
Global Navigation Satellite System
digital terrain model
slope measurement
quality control
Opis:
The paper discusses the problem of quick acquire height data for calculation of escarpment stability. In past the slope of profile was obtainedfrom classical land survey methods (like Total Station, GNSS, etc.), carto- metric measurement on maps or measurements based on a Digital Terrain Modelfrom aerial photography. Now we have a new method that is Airborne Laser Scanning (LiDAR-ALS). In 2011-2014 almost all country was measured in this method. The declared accuracy of height measurement on the durable surfaces is about 0.10-0.15 m. Author compared this method with classical method Global Navigation Satellite System - Real Time Network (GNSS-RTN) on two wooded and bushy areas. The comparison was based on the measurement characteristic points on the profiles and acquisition of height data from LiDAR-ALS data. Data in this method were obtained in two ways: from point cloud and from DTM createdfrom this point cloud. In the next step, height differences were calculated and these data were subjected to basic statistical calculations. The result of the study was a mean error of height data from LiDAR-ALS and conclusions about its usefulness in acquire height data for calculation of escarpment stability.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2017, 65, 10/2; 811--816
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novel Variable Structure Measurement System with Intelligent Components for Flight Vehicles
Autorzy:
Shen, K.
Selezneva, M. S.
Neusypin, K. A.
Proletarsky, A. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
flight vehicle
variable structure measurement system
degree of observability
self-organization algorithm
integrated navigation system
Opis:
The paper presents a method of developing a variable structure measurement system with intelligent components for flight vehicles. In order to find a distinguishing feature of a variable structure, a numerical criterion for selecting measuring sensors is proposed by quantifying the observability of different states of the system. Based on the Peter K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems, a mechanism of “action acceptor” is built with intelligent components, e.g. self-organization algorithms. In this mechanism, firstly, prediction models of system states are constructed using self-organization algorithms; secondly, the predicted and measured values are compared; thirdly, an optimal structure of the measurement system is finally determined based on the results of comparison. According to the results of simulation with practical data and experiments obtained during field tests, the novel developed measurement system has the properties of high-accuracy, reliable operation and fault tolerance.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2017, 24, 2; 347-356
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic Global Navigation Satellite System antenna position verification using raw pseudorange information
Autorzy:
Dyjak, M.
Gucma, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
Veripos System
RTK observations
GNSS verification
twin antenna
GNSS setup
precise measurement
Opis:
This article presents a method of obtaining relative and global coordinates using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Four GNSS antennas have been compared in this research. The GNSS antennas have been utilized by the Veripos and Septentrio Systems. Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudorange observations are used to obtain relative position of the GPS antennas. Relative positions are based on calculations made by the RTKLIB software. Lever arm range and bearing are used to assess accuracy of the true antenna location relative to the vessel Navigation Reference Point (NRP). The article deals with the problem of assessing the quality of real-time positioning equipment. Comparing results of the raw position calculation with the physical measurements shows the usefulness of the real – time position monitoring.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2016, 46 (118); 76-81
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of Flight Path Deviations for SAR Radar Installed on UAV
Autorzy:
Łabowski, M.
Kaniewski, P.
Konatowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Synthetic Aperture Radar
inertial measurement unit
Global Navigation Satellite System
Opis:
The paper presents a method of calculation of position deviations from a theoretical, nominally rectilinear trajectory for a SAR imaging system installed on board of UAV. The UAV on-board system consists of a radar sensor, an antenna system, a SAR processor and a navigation system. The main task of the navigation part is to determine the vector of differences between the theoretical and the measured trajectories of UAV center of gravity. The paper includes chosen results of experiments obtained during ground and flight tests.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2016, 23, 3; 383-391
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monitorowanie stanu geometrycznego przepraw mostowych z wykorzystaniem systemu nawigacji satelitarnej
Condition monitoring geometric bridges using satellite navigation system
Autorzy:
Wrona, M.
Piotrowska, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/313932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
system nawigacji satelitarnej
nawigacja satelitarna
pomiar geodezyjny
przeprawa mostowa
satellite navigation system
geodetic measurement
crossing bridge
Opis:
Artykuł opisuje problematykę geodezyjnych pomiarów konstrukcji mostowych. Ze względu na coraz większą skalę wznoszonych obiektów istnieje potrzeba dostarczania coraz lepszych narzędzi pozwalających na wiarygodną kontrolę odkształceń i przemieszczeń konstrukcji. Jest to niezbędne dla zweryfikowania faktycznego stanu technicznego obiektu oraz zapewnienia najwyższego stopnia bezpieczeństwa. Oprócz opisu licznych instalacji monitoringu geodezyjnego na świecie, autorzy przedstawili przykłady pierwszych w Polsce testów pomiarowych na obiektach mostowych. Opisano próby wykorzystania wysokoczęstotliwościowych pomiarów GNSS w badaniu dynamiki konstrukcji Mostu Siekierkowskiego w Warszawie.
The article describes issues of bridge construction measurements using new survey methods. Increasing scale of emergent constructions needs better measurement tools for reliable control of deformations and movements of the object. It is essential to verify condition of the construction and provide the highest level of safety. Authors characterize sample monitoring installations and first in Poland measurement tests on bridges. Integrated measurements techniques were used on Siekierkowski Bridge in Warsaw using high rate GNSS data for measurements dynamics of the construction.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 6; 493-496
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Study on the Errors in the Free-Gyro Positioning and Directional System
Autorzy:
Jeong, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Position Accuracy
Gyrocompass
Free-Gyro Positioning
Directional System
Attitude Errors
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
FDOP
inertial navigation system (INS)
Opis:
This paper is to develop the position error equations including the attitude errors, the errors of nadir and ship’s heading, and the errors of ship’s position in the free-gyro positioning and directional system. In doing so, the determination of ship’s position by two free gyro vectors was discussed and the algorithmic design of the free-gyro positioning and directional system was introduced briefly. Next, the errors of transformation matrices of the gyro and body frames, i.e., attitude errors, were examined and the attitude equations were also derived. The perturbations of the errors of the nadir angle including ship’s heading were investigated in each stage from the sensor of rate of motion of the spin axis to the nadir angle obtained. Finally, the perturbation error equations of ship’s position used the nadir angles were derived in the form of a linear error model and the concept of FDOP was also suggested by using covariance of position error.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 2; 175-181
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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