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Wyszukujesz frazę "mapping methods" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
A Comparison of Small Area Estimation Methods for Poverty Mapping
Autorzy:
Guadarrama, María
Molina, Isabel
Rao, J. N. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465671.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
area level model
non-linear parameters
empirical best estimator
hierarchical Bayes
poverty mapping
unit level models
Opis:
We review main small area estimation methods for the estimation of general nonlinear parameters focusing on FGT family of poverty indicators introduced by Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (1984). In particular, we consider direct estimation, the Fay-Herriot area level model (Fay and Herriot, 1979), the method of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003) used by the World Bank, the empirical Best/Bayes (EB) method of Molina and Rao (2010) and its extension, the Census EB, and finally the hierarchical Bayes proposal of Molina, Nandram and Rao (2014). We put ourselves in the point of view of a practitioner and discuss, as objectively as possible, the benefits and drawbacks of each method, illustrating some of them through simulation studies.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2016, 17, 1; 41-66
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acoustic Intensity Imaging Methods for in-situ Wave Propagation
Autorzy:
Weyna, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
scientific visualization
acoustic mapping
wave propagation
sound intensity
noise control
Opis:
In the paper the author has described the visualization methods in acoustic flow fields and show how these methods may assist scientists to gain understanding of complex acoustic energy flow in real-life field. A graphical method will be presented to determine the real acoustic wave distribution in the flow field. Visualization of research results, which is unavailable by conventional acoustics metrology, may be shown in the form of intensity streamlines in space, as a shape of floating acoustic wave and intensity isosurface in three-dimensional space. In traditional acoustic metrology, the analysis of acoustic fields concerns only the distribution of pressure levels (scalar variable), however in a real acoustic field both the scalar (acoustic pressure) and vector (the acoustic particle velocity) effects are closely related. Only when the acoustic field is described by both the potential and kinetic energies, we may understand the mechanisms of propagation, diffraction and scattering of acoustic waves on obstacles, as a form of energy image. This attribute of intensity method can also validate the results of CFD/CAA numerical modeling which is very important in any industry acoustic investigations.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 2; 265-273
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acoustic Methods in Identifying Symptoms of Emotional States
Autorzy:
Piątek, Zuzanna
Kłaczyński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
emotion recognition
speech signal processing
clustering analysis
Sammon mapping
Opis:
The study investigates the use of speech signal to recognise speakers’ emotional states. The introduction includes the definition and categorization of emotions, including facial expressions, speech and physiological signals. For the purpose of this work, a proprietary resource of emotionally-marked speech recordings was created. The collected recordings come from the media, including live journalistic broadcasts, which show spontaneous emotional reactions to real-time stimuli. For the purpose of signal speech analysis, a specific script was written in Python. Its algorithm includes the parameterization of speech recordings and determination of features correlated with emotional content in speech. After the parametrization process, data clustering was performed to allows for the grouping of feature vectors for speakers into greater collections which imitate specific emotional states. Using the t-Student test for dependent samples, some descriptors were distinguished, which identified significant differences in the values of features between emotional states. Some potential applications for this research were proposed, as well as other development directions for future studies of the topic.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2021, 46, 2; 259-269
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Accuracy Analysis Comparison of Supervised Classification Methods for Mapping Land Cover Using Sentinel 2 Images in the Al‑Hawizeh Marsh Area, Southern Iraq
Autorzy:
Alwan, Imzahim A.
Aziz, Nadia A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838006.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
land cover mapping
Sentinel 2
supervised classification
maximum likelihood
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
confusion matrix
Opis:
Land cover mapping of marshland areas from satellite images data is not a simple process, due to the similarity of the spectral characteristics of the land cover. This leads to challenges being encountered with some land covers classes, especially in wetlands classes. In this study, satellite images from the Sentinel 2B by ESA (European Space Agency) were used to classify the land cover of Al Hawizeh marsh/Iraq Iran border. Three classification methods were used aimed at comparing their accuracy, using multispectral satellite images with a spatial resolution of 10 m. The classification process was performed using three different algorithms, namely: Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The classification algorithms were carried out using ENVI 5.1 software to detect six land cover classes: deep water marsh, shallow water marsh, marsh vegetation (aquatic vegetation), urban area (built up area), agriculture area, and barren soil. The results showed that the MLC method applied to Sentinel 2B images provides a higher overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient compared to the ANN and SVM methods. Overall accuracy values for MLC, ANN, and SVM methods were 85.32%, 70.64%, and 77.01% respectively.
Źródło:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2021, 15, 1; 5-21
1898-1135
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of remote sensing methods in geological mapping
Autorzy:
Graniczny, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
geological mapping
photogeology
remote sensing
Opis:
Aerial photographs are a source of geological information that may be unobtainable elsewhere. If the fullest use is to be made of this information for the purpose of geological mapping, there must be a planned integration of the photogeological work with the field and laboratory investigations. The appearance of the first satellites for civil purposes on the beginning of the 1970s (such as ERTS – Landsat series), of most land areas of the Earth has provided new opportunity for photogeologists. Many areas can now be studied and mapped geologically for which neither adequate maps nor vertical aerial photograps were available. The advantages of the present satellite systems and examples of their application by specialists of the Polish Geological Institute are presented in this paper. Nowadays, it is practically impossible to imagine performing geological mapping without application of remote sensing data and analysis. Development of new technologies is very fast and new borne techniques are coming like permanent scatter interferometry, laser scanning etc. However, we should always remember, that they are only very useful tools to help geologists in their field mapping art and practise.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2005, 53, 10/2; 907-912
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of satellite remote sensing methods in mineral prospecting in Kosovo, area of Selac
Wykorzystanie metod teledetekcji satelitarnej w poszukiwaniu złóż surowców mineralnych w rejonie Selac, Kosowo
Autorzy:
Lupa, Michał
Adamek, Katarzyna
Leśniak, Andrzej
Pršek, Jaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/216678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
remote sensing
GIS
geology
mineral mapping
Landsat 8
teledetekcja
geologia
poszukiwania geologiczne
surowce mineralne
Opis:
Traditional methods of mineral exploration are mainly based on very expensive drilling and seismic methods. The proposed approach assumes the preliminary recognition of prospecting areas using satellite remote sensing methods. Maps of mineral groups created using Landsat 8 images can narrow the search area, thereby reducing the costs of geological exploration during mineral prospecting. This study focuses on the identification of mineralized zones located in the southeastern part of Europe (Kosovo, area of Selac) where hydrothermal mineralization and alterations can be found. The article describes all the stages of research, from collecting in-situ rock samples, obtaining spectral characteristics with laboratory measurements, preprocessing and analysis of satellite images, to the validation of results through field reconnaissance in detail. The authors introduce a curve-index fitting technique to determine the degree of similarity of a rock sample to a given pixel of satellite imagery. A comparison of the reflectance of rock samples against surface reflectance obtained from satellite images allows the places where the related type of rock can be found to be determined. Finally, the results were compared with geological and mineral maps to confirm the effectiveness of the method. It was shown that the free multispectral data obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite, even with a resolution of 30 meters, can be considered as a valuable source of information that helps narrow down the exploration areas.
Tradycyjne metody poszukiwania surowców mineralnych opierają się głównie na bardzo kosztownych metodach, takich jak wiercenia oraz metody sejsmiczne. Proponowane przez autorów podejście zakłada wstępne rozpoznanie obszarów perspektywicznych z wykorzystaniem metod teledetekcji satelitarnej. Mapy grup minerałów stworzone przy użyciu zobrazowań dostarczonych przez satelitę Landsat 8 mogą zawęzić obszar poszukiwań, a przez to doprowadzić do redukcji kosztów rozpoznania geologicznego podczas poszukiwania surowców mineralnych. Niniejsze badanie skupia się na identyfikacji stref zmineralizowanych znajdujących się w południowo-wschodniej Europie (Kosowo, rejon Selac) gdzie znajdują się mineralizacje hydrotermalne oraz strefy alteracji. Artykuł opisuje szczegółowo wszystkie etapy badań, od pozyskania próbek terenowych, badań laboratoryjnych mających na celu pozyskanie charakterystyk spektralnych, przez wstępne przetwarzanie oraz analizę zobrazowań satelitarnych do walidacji wyników poprzez rozpoznanie terenowe. Autorzy przedstawili technikę wykorzystującą wskaźnik dopasowania krzywej pozwalający na określenie stopnia podobieństwa próbki do piksela zobrazowania satelitarnego. Porównanie współczynnika odbicia dla próbek względem współczynnika odbicia zarejestrowanego przez satelitę pozwala na określenie miejsc, gdzie mogą występować określone typy skał. W celu określenia skuteczności metody wyniki zostały porównane z mapami geologicznymi. Wykazano, że darmowe dane multispektralne dostarczone przez satelitę Landsat 8, nawet z rozdzielczością 30 m, mogą stanowić cenne źródło informacji, które pozwala na zawężenie obszaru poszukiwań.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2020, 36, 1; 5-22
0860-0953
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability mapping methods for sustainable water resource management: An overview
Autorzy:
Moges, Simeneh Shiferaw
Dinka, Megersa Olumana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
aquifer vulnerability
groundwater
intrinsic vulnerability
specific vulnerability
vulnerability assessment method
Opis:
Groundwater is a vital resource for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities, as well as for ecosystem services. Despite this, the resource is under significant threat, due to increasing contamination from anthropogenic activities. Therefore, to ensure its reliability for present and future use, effective management of groundwater is important not only in terms of quantity (i.e. abstraction) but also quality. This can be achieved by identifying areas that are more vulnerable to contamination and by implementing protective measures. To identify the risk and delineate areas that are more exposed to pollution, various groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques have been developed across the globe. This paper presents an overview of some of the commonly used groundwater vulnerability assessment models in terms of their unique features and their application. Special emphasis is placed on statistical methods and overlay-index techniques. The assessment of the literature shows that statistical methods are limited in application to the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution because they rely heavily on the availability of sufficient and quality data. However, in areas where extensive monitoring data are available, these methods estimate groundwater vulnerability more realistically in quantitative terms. Many works of research indicate that index-overlay methods are used extensively and frequently in groundwater vulnerability assessments. Due to the qualitative nature of these models, however, they are still subject to modification. This study offers an overview of a selection of relevant groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques under a specific set of hydro-climatic and hydrogeological conditions.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 52; 186--198
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of Pollution Risk Mapping Methods in an Eastern Mediterranean Catchment
Autorzy:
Michalopoulos, D.
Dimitriou, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
vulnerability mapping
pollution risk mapping
groundwater pollution
COP
DRASTIC
Opis:
The protection and preservation of good groundwater quality is of critical importance worldwide, nowadays. Increasing urbanization, economic development and agricultural activities, combined with limited precipitation contribute to the quantitative and qualitative degradation of groundwater resources, especially in the eastern Mediterranean region. For this purpose, a series of actions are implemented including groundwater vulnerability mapping that can depict prone to pollution aquifers which need protection and/or restoration measures. In this study, the efficiency of two well-known methodologies (COP and DRASTIC) for groundwater vulnerability and pollution risk mapping was assessed in the Sperchios river basin. The vulnerability and pollution risk maps of the two methodologies were spatially compared to each other and the observed similarities and differences were discussed and explained. The output of the study shows that in the particular geoenvironmental conditions DRASTIC method performs better than the COP, particularly in the lowland, porous media aquifer.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 1; 55-68
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cartographic methods and their correctness on maps in the Polish press since the mid-19th century
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Paweł
Okonek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
history of journalistic (press) mapping
censorship
qualitative and quantitative forms of presentation
map methodical correctness
Opis:
On the background of the conditions of functioning of the Polish press since the mid-19th century, the paper describes cartographic and graphic methods used on press maps, with the emphasis on the quantitative methods of information presentation. The qualitative methods were mostly used in a proper way. The factors determining the level of press mapping were the skills of map makers and the limitations resulting from the letterpress printing technology. The application of computer technology and the shift to offset printing in the last decade of the 20th century overcame these obstacles. New possibilities of the creation of maps with richer content and more graphically effective emerged. Despite these new possibilities one still needs at least basic knowledge on cartographic methods and map graphics in order to be able to prepare the cartographically correct maps. The maps presented in this paper focus on the presentation of the most common mistakes, with less emphasis put on the cartographic methods and map graphics.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2008, 13; 277-288
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical methods of reducing the observations in geodetic networks
Autorzy:
Kadaj, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
odwzorowanie kartograficzne
obserwacja geodezyjna
mapowanie
cartographic mapping
reducing of geodetic observations
empirical methods of reducing observations
mapping of long geodesics
Opis:
The paper presents empirical methodology of reducing various kinds of observations in geodetic network. A special case of reducing the observation concerns cartographic mapping. For numerical illustration and comparison of methods an application of the conformal Gauss-Krüger mapping was used. Empirical methods are an alternative to the classic differential and multi-stages methods. Numerical benefits concern in particular very long geodesics, created for example by GNSS vectors. In conventional methods the numerical errors of reduction values are significantly dependent on the length of the geodesic. The proposed empirical methods do not have this unfavorable characteristics. Reduction value is determined as a difference (or especially scaled difference) of the corresponding measures of geometric elements (distances, angles), wherein these measures are approximated independently in two spaces based on the known and corresponding approximate coordinates of the network points. Since in the iterative process of the network adjustment, coordinates of the points are systematically improved, approximated reductions also converge to certain optimal values.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2016, 65, 1; 13-40
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of methods used for mapping the geometry of underground spatial (3D) structures in the course of revitalisation
Znaczenie i ocena metod odwzorowania geometrycznej struktury przestrzennej podziemnych obiektów zabytkowych w procesie ich rewitalizacji
Autorzy:
Wieja, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/119103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geometrii i Grafiki Inżynierskiej
Tematy:
geometry
mapping
spatial structure
3D
underground objects
graphic recording
revitalization
geometria
mapowanie
struktura przestrzenna
obiekty podziemne
nagranie graficzne
rewitalizacja
Opis:
The study provides a systematic description of various geometries of underground structures, giving examples of traditional and computer-assisted methods used for recording the geometry of underground structures. The methods enable the reconstruction of the structures' geometry and development of detailed drawings, a prerequisite for effective revitalisation and stabilisation old underground structures. Underlying the selection of mapping method is the analysis of the current conditions on the site, definition of potential hazards and the objectives of the restructuring programme.
W artykule zdefiniowano systematykę geometrii ustrojów podziemnych oraz przedstawiono przykłady wykorzystania tradycyjnych i komputerowych metod zapisu geometrycznej struktury przestrzennej obiektów podziemnych. Zastosowane metody pozwalają na odtworzenie geometrii obiektu podziemnego oraz opracowanie szczegółowych rysunków stanowiących podstawę procesu rewitalizacji i zabezpieczania podziemnych obiektów zabytkowych.
Źródło:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 2016, 28; 33-41
1644-9363
Pojawia się w:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fourier-like methods for equations with separable variables
Autorzy:
Przeworska-Rolewicz, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
algebraic analysis
commutative algebra with unit
Leibniz condition
logarithmic mapping
antilogarithmic mapping
right invertible operator
sine mapping
cosine mapping
initial value problem
boundary value problem
Fourier method
Opis:
It is well known that a power of a right invertible operator is again right invertible, as well as a polynomial in a right invertible operator under appropriate assumptions. However, a linear combination of right invertible operators (in particular, their sum and/or difference) in general is not right invertible. It will be shown how to solve equations with linear combinations of right invertible operators in commutative algebras using properties of logarithmic and antilogarithmic mappings. The used method is, in a sense, a kind of the variables separation method. We shall obtain also an analogue of the classical Fourier method for partial differential equations. Note that the results concerning the Fourier method are proved under weaker assumptions than these obtained in [6] (cf. also [7, 8, 11]).
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2009, 29, 1; 19-42
1509-9407
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From formal methods to implementation based on Petri Nets model of concurrent systems
Od metod formalnych do implementacji na przykładzie modelu w sieci Petriego systemu współbieżnego
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/152825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
sieci Petriego
metody formalne
rzutowanie
modele klas w Java
procedury w języku C
Petri nets
formal methods
mapping
C language
Opis:
Purpose of this work is to suggest a path from formal methods to implementation in designing concurrent system, thus helping further stages of systems development to go on. Author focuses on mapping of nonhierarchical Coloured Petri Nets model to class model of the system in Java and C language. Author extends among others formal model with information which would imply generation of class models from formal model, conforming to Java specification and C language, making continuous integration possible. The whole cycle would be presented with changed Petri Nets model of simple concurrent system.
Celem pracy jest zaproponowanie ścieżki przejścia od modelu formalnego systemu opisanego siecią Petriego do implementacji. Autor skupia się na rzutowaniu niehierarchicznych modeli sieci do modelu klas odpowiadającemu obiektowemu paradygmatowi programowania języka Java i proceduralnemu dla języka C. Autor rozszerza model formalny o informację umożliwiającą dokonanie konwersji do modelu klas i procedur. Cały cykl będzie zaprezentowany na prostym systemie współbieżnym.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2007, R. 53, nr 5, 5; 132-134
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Groundwater vulnerability based on four different assessment methods and their quantitative comparison in a typical North European Lowland river catchment (the Pliszka River catchment, western Poland)
Autorzy:
Hermanowski, P.
Ignaszak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
vulnerability mapping
groundwater protection
Pliszka River
Polska
Opis:
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability is a crucial part of planning and water management because it can identify areas where aquifers are more susceptible to contamination. Depending on the vulnerability assessment method, the results can differ significantly. Consequently, different methods can provide ambiguous information that could further influence decision-making processes in planning or water management. For the Pliszka River catchment, the intrinsic groundwater vulnerability of the uppermost aquifer was estimated using four different methods: DRASTIC, GOD, and two methods that are based on empirical formulas of water residence time in an unsaturated zone. The input data include a series of thematic maps supplemented by 1,322 shallow borehole profiles and laboratory tests of samples collected in the course of fieldwork. The collected data were processed in GIS software, and the results of each method were mapped in high resolution. The resulting maps of groundwater vulnerability were then quantitatively compared to validate their applicability for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability in a typical North European Lowland river catchment. The maps generated by the DRASTIC and GOD methods are dominated by areas with moderately high (54.6 and 48.4%, respectively) and moderate groundwater vulnerability (32.7 and 32.3%, respectively). No areas of high groundwater vulnerability are present. One of the water residence time methods provides results similar to the previous methods at the catchment scale, and one method yields high groundwater vulnerability values for the majority of area.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2017, 61, 1; 166--176
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High-resolution mapping to assess risk of groundwater pollution by nitrates from agricultural activities in Wielkopolska Province, Poland
Wysokorozdzielcza ocena ryzyka zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych azotanami pochodzącymi z działalności rolniczej na obszarze Wielkopolski
Autorzy:
Zabłocki, Sebastian
Murat-Błażejewska, Sadżide
Trzeciak, Joanna Alicja
Błażejewski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
shallow groundwater
nitrates
DRASTIC based methods
Wielkopolska (Greater Poland)
vulnerability/pollution risk
płytkie wody gruntowe
azotany
metody DRASTIC
Wielkopolska
podatność/ryzyko zanieczyszczenia
Opis:
The purpose of this research was to determine the groundwater intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of shallow groundwater in Wielkopolska Province, Poland and to assess the risk of pollution by nitrates. Wielkopolska is known as an area where the problem of water pollution by nitrates has existed for a long time due to intensive agriculture. DRASTIC method and its optimized version as well as four other risk evaluation methods were selected to assess the risk pollution with nitrates. The results of either method did not correlate with nitrate concentrations recorded in the total of 1679 groundwater monitoring points. Therefore a new method of groundwater pollution risk assessment (NV-L) was proposed. The new method is based on optimized results of the DRASTIC system and the L parameter which considers not only land use types, but also the amount of nitrogen loading leached from soil as a result of fertilizer consumption, and from wet deposition. The final results of NV-L method showed that the largest part of the study area is covered by a very low class of pollution risk (30.6%). The high and very high classes occupy 11.6% of the area, mostly in the areas designated until 2012 as the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Validation of the results of all methods showed that the other methods than NV-L cannot be used as a basis for reliable assessment of the risk of groundwater pollution by nitrates, as they do not take into account the nitrogen load leached from the soil profile.
Celem badań było określenie podatności wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenie płytkich wód podziemnych w województwie wielkopolskim oraz ocena ryzyka zanieczyszczenia azotanami. Województwo wielkopolskie uważane jest za obszar, na którym od dawna znany jest problem zanieczyszczenia wód azotanami z powodu intensywnego rolnictwa. Do obliczenia indeksu podatności naturalnej wybrano metodę DRASTIC i jej zoptymalizowaną wersję, natomiast do oceny ryzyka zanieczyszczenia azotanami cztery metody będące modyfikacjami metody DRASTIC. Wynik żadnej z nich nie był skorelowany ze stężeniami azotanów odnotowanymi w 1679 punktach monitoringu wód podziemnych, dlatego zaproponowano nową metodę oceny zagrożenia wód podziemnych NV-L. Metoda opiera się na zoptymalizowanych wynikach systemu DRASTIC i parametrze L, który uwzględnia nie tylko typ użytkowania gruntów, ale także wielkość ładunku azotu, pochodzącego z wymywania z gleby nawozów mineralnych i organicznych oraz z mokrej depozycji w opadach. Wyniki metody NV-L wykazały, że największy obszar objęty jest bardzo niską klasą zagrożenia zanieczyszczeniami (30,6%). Klasa wysoka i bardzo wysoka zajmują 11,6% powierzchni, głównie na obszarach wyznaczanych do 2012 roku jako obszary szczególnie narażone na wymywanie azotu do wód powierzchniowych. Wyniki wskazują, że w procedurach zastosowanych metod oceny podatności brakowało pewnych ważnych informacji. Dlatego ich wyniki należy traktować jako szacunkowe i nie mogą one być wykorzystywane w dalszych analizach jako użyteczne narzędzie ochrony wód podziemnych. Uwzględnienie innych, nowych elementów do oceny podatności wód podziemnych lub ryzyka zanieczyszczenia, może okazać się kluczowym czynnikiem, jak miało to miejsce w przypadku metody NV-L i wykorzystania danych dotyczących ładunku azotu wymywanego z profilu glebowego.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2022, 48, 1; 41--57
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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