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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Examination of the explosive limits of flammable liquid vapours at various temperatures
    Badanie granic wybuchowości par cieczy palnych w różnych temperaturach początkowych
    Autorzy:
    Porowski, Rafał
    Grabarczyk, Marcin
    Teodorczyk, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065310.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    flammability limits
    safety transport
    storage of flammable liquids
    granice wybuchowości
    bezpieczeństwo w transporcie
    substancje palne
    magazynowanie
    Opis:
    Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań doświadczalnych granic wybuchowości par metanolu, etanolu oraz 1-butanolu w temperaturach początkowych 40, 60, 80, 100 oraz 120 °C Badania przeprowadzono według metody B opisanej w standardzie PN-EN 1839. Dodatkowo, w treści artykułu przedstawiono przegląd stanu dotychczasowej wiedzy w zakresie metod określania granic wybuchowości na potrzeby bezpieczeństwa w transporcie i w magazynowaniu ciekłych substancji palnych.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne; 2019, 11, 1; 103-107
    2083-0165
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Blast Wave Parameters of Liquid Esters of Nitric Acid: Propane-1,2,3-triyl Trinitrate, Propane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate, Ethane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate and Methyl Nitrate
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Matyas, R.
    Kubat, K.
    Anastacio, A. C.
    Kučera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitric ester
    blast wave
    TNT equivalent
    liquid explosive
    shock wave in air
    Opis:
    A knowledge of blast wave parameters generated by detonating explosives is important for the evaluation of protective measures, modelling validation and post blast analysis. The relevant data are available for solid military explosives, but not for liquid or homemade explosives. In this contribution we present comparison of experimental incident blast wave parameters for bare charges, weighing from 100 g to 1 kg, of liquid esters of nitric acid, including propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate (NG), propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (PGDN), ethane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (EGDN) and methyl nitrate (MeN), amongst themselves and with TNT charges of approximately the same size. The TNT equivalents, determined from both the incident overpressures and the impulse of the positive phase of the blast wave, were above 100% and showed relatively high scatter. The strongest blast wave parameters under otherwise identical conditions were observed for charges of methyl nitrate.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 375-390
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN): from Commercial Precursors, Physicochemical and Detonation Characterization
    Autorzy:
    Fettaka, H.
    Lefebvre, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358286.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    EGDN
    liquid explosive
    precursor
    activation energy
    detonation tests
    Opis:
    Currently, liquid explosives pose a potential threat. An important phase in the assessment of this threat is to investigate the various synthesis paths leading to their manufacture and to evaluate the potential use of readily purchasable precursors. The aim of this work was to assess the synthesis of Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN), a liquid nitrate ester explosive, using commercially available precursors. The characteristics of the synthetic process (ease, yield), the chemical properties of the synthesized product (purity, spectra) and its explosive properties (sensitivities, detonability) were investigated. Comparisons are drawn between these products and the product obtained using laboratory ingredients. Three ingredients have been used: 1) ethylene glycol, laboratory grade, 2) ready to use, commercial coolant fluid, and 3) ethylene glycol extracted from commercial coolant fluid. The chemical composition and purity of the synthesized liquid explosive was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis allowed the heat of decomposition and activation energies to be assessed. The Ozawa and Kissinger models were used. The explosive properties of the pure synthesized products and comparable other explosives, have been tested. The potential use as a priming charge or as a main charge was assessed.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 2; 287-305
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Process Optimization for the Gas-Liquid Heterogeneous Reactive Crystallization Process Involved in the Preparation of the Insensitive High Explosive TATB
    Autorzy:
    Nandi, A. K.
    Kshirsagar, A. S.
    Thanigaivelan, U.
    Bhattacharyya, S. C.
    Mandal, A. K.
    Pandey, R. K.
    Bhattacharya, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358228.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    TATB
    TCTNB
    amination
    reaction crystallization
    chloride impurity
    particle size
    Opis:
    The thermally stable, insensitive, high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene (TATB) is manufactured by amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene with NH3 gas. It is an isothermal, single-feed, semi-batch, gas-liquid heterogeneous, reaction crystallization process. The amination process is discussed by applying the chemical engineering methodology of mass transfer and reactive crystallization processes based on Two-Film Mass- Transfer (TFMT) theory. Kinetic expressions have been developed to define the chemical reactions as well as the physical phenomena (mass transfer) associated with this process. A single expression has been derived to explain the dependence of the ammonia consumption rate on various process parameters. Subsequently, the influence of various process parameters on the product quality (particle size and chloride impurity content) has been studied on the laboratory scale. Finally, the process has been established in the pilot plant, with optimized process conditions, to realize TATB of desired particle size and chloride content. The effects of feeding excess ammonia, and the presence of mercaptans/hydrogen sulphide impurities in poor quality toluene on the formation of certain undesirable by-products in TATB, are also discussed.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 1; 31-57
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Explosive Characteristics and Shaped Charge Applications of Nitromethane (NM): A Review
    Autorzy:
    Shekhar, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358332.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    liquid explosive
    nitromethane
    detonation
    shaped charge
    sensitization
    Opis:
    Nitromethane (NM or CH3NO2 ) has a wide range of applications as a detonating homogeneous liquid explosive. Although, its use as a liquid propellant is more pronounced, the determination and characterization of NM and its mixtures for their various detonation properties has gained in importance. Various researchers have performed initiation studies of NM by shock and jet, and the presence of a superdetonation zone has also been debated. The opacity or otherwise of the reaction and detonation zones has been investigated experimentally. Sensitization or dilution of NM by various additives and the effect on the detonation behavior has also been investigated. In recent times, the use of NM as a field-filled homogeneous filling in shaped charges for the disposal of unexploded ordnance has gained in importance. The experimental observations and related theoretical aspects for the use of NM as a filling for shaped charges are illustrated in this article. Overall, NM can be thought suitable as a viable future alternative for both commercial and military applications.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 87-97
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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