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Wyszukujesz frazę "history of Polish philosophy" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Z dziejów nauczania filozofii w polskiej prowincji kapucynów w XIX wieku
On the History of Teaching Philosophy in the Polish Capuchin Province in the 19th Century
Autorzy:
Prejs, Roland
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
kapucyni
szkotyzm
Herman Osterrieder
capuchins
Scotism
Opis:
The tsarist authorities dissolved the majority of monasteries in the Kingdom of Poland in 1864. This was one element of repression after the fall of the 1863 uprising. Those monasteries that remained could not enrol noviciates. The repression fell also on capuchins. In 1897 they were allowed, as an exception, to have one noviciate, namely Izydor Wysłouch who received his religious name Antoni. Accordingly, there was a need to educate the candidate in philosophy and theology, so that he could receive the priesthood. On the basis of correspondence between Bl. Honorat Koźmiński and the general we may say what textbooks were used in the Polish Capuchin Province. Before 1864 they studied philosophy from the book Prolegomena universae philosophiae written by the Franciscan Herman Osterrieder (1719-1783), to be precise course books and compendia based on this book. This textbook was principally eclectic in character, it contained some Scotist trends, therefore one may presume that before 1864 Scotism was to a certain degree present in the teaching of philosophy among Polish capuchins.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2008, 56, 2; 225-231
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wokół najnowszej polskiej refleksji nad dziejami językoznawstwa
Around the recent Polish reflection on the history of linguistics
Autorzy:
Zbrocki, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/916933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
language
word
philosophy of language
philosophy of words
history of linguistics
język
słowo
filozofia języka
filozofia słowa
historia językoznawstwa
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest krytyczna refleksja nad poruszoną w dwóch głośnych książkach wydanych w Polsce w 2016 roku problematyką historii refleksji nad językiem i słowem.
The purpose of the article is a critical reflection on the issues raised in two high-profile books on the history of reflection on language (word) published in Poland in 2016.
Źródło:
Investigationes Linguisticae; 2018, 42; 95-99
1426-188X
1733-1757
Pojawia się w:
Investigationes Linguisticae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Władysław Tatarkiewicz – logos i ethos wychowawcy polskiej inteligencji
Władysław Tatarkiewicz: The Logos and Ethos of the Teacher of Polish Intelligentsia
Autorzy:
Skrzydlewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12303021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-11-30
Wydawca:
Fundacja Biografie Codzienności
Tematy:
Władysław Tatarkiewicz
historia filozofii
etyka
biografia
tradycje narodowe i katolickie
history of philosophy
ethics
biography
national and Catholic traditions
Opis:
W artykule pragnę ukazać losy życiowe prof. Władysława Tatarkiewicza i ich wpływ na jego formację intelektualną, a także dokonywane przez niego wybory moralne, intelektualne. Był on wychowawcą i nauczycielem wielu polskich pokoleń intelektualistów, a jego opracowania z dziedziny etyki, historii filozofii oraz estetyki stanowią wielki skarb intelektualnej kultury polskiej. Do dnia dzisiejszego w kulturze polskiej mało znaną jest sprawa roli jaką w jego formacji intelektualnej odegrała religia katolicka i sama polska kultura narodowa. Droga życia profesora Władysław Tatarkiewicza była złożona, bogata, moralnie piękna, a w swojej treści osadzona w polskości i tradycji narodowej, katolickiej. Zasadniczą rolę w formacji Tatarkiewicza odegrało obok domu rodzinnego, żyjącego kulturą szlachecką, ziemiańską – klasyczne gimnazjum. Ukończył je w Warszawie w wieku lat siedemnastu. Przez zapoznanie się z greką, łaciną oraz literaturą klasyczną rozmiłował się w greckim ideale kalokagatheii. Tam też swoją uwagę zwrócił ku sztuce, architekturze oraz rozważaniom z dziedziny estetyki i filozofii. Jak pisał „Wychowałem się w domu wierzącym. Prawdy wiary były dla mnie w dzieciństwie i później taką samą rzeczywistością jak fakty otaczającego mię świata. Niemało ułatwiły mi życie, choć czasem myślę, że wiara religijna jest rzeczą, którą należy samemu zdobyć, a nie dziedziczyć” (Wspomnienia, s. 120).
This article portrays the life of Professor Władysław Tatarkiewicz and his life’s influence on his intellectual development, as well as his moral and intellectual choices. He was an educator and a teacher of many generations of Polish intellectuals. His works in the field of ethics, history of philosophy and aesthetics are great intellectual treasures of Polish culture. To date, little has been known about the role that the Catholic religion and Polish national culture played in his intellectual development. The life of Professor Tatarkiewicz was complex, varied, morally beautiful and embedded in Polish culture and national Catholic tradition. He came from a family of landowners and graduated from a classic high school in Warsaw at the age of seventeen. When studying Greek and Latin classical literature, he liked the Greek ideal of kalokagathia. He became interested in art, architecture, aesthetics and philosophy. As he wrote, ‘I grew up in a religious family. As a child and later, I treated the truths of faith on equal terms as the facts of the surrounding world. They did not make my life easier, but sometimes I think that religious faith is something we should get by ourselves rather than inherit’ (Wspomnienia, p. 120).
Źródło:
Biografistyka Pedagogiczna; 2016, 1, 1; 119-132
2543-6112
2543-7399
Pojawia się w:
Biografistyka Pedagogiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieszczowie i czyny prorocze. Zygmunta Krasińskiego rozważania o poezji i poetach w kontekście genezy proroctwa Przedświtu
On Seers and Prophetic Acts: Zygmunt Krasiński’s Reflections on Poetry and Poets in the Context of the Origins of the Prophecy of Przedświt
Autorzy:
SOKULSKI, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Zbigniew Krasiński, Przedświt, polski mesjanizm narodowy, profetyzm, Juliusz Słowacki, Adam Mickiewicz, August Cieszkowski, literatura jako wyraz samoświadomości narodowej, charakter narodowy, historiozofia, romantyzm polski
Zbigniew Krasiński, Przedświt, Polish Romantic messianim, prophetism, Juliusz Słowacki, Adam Mickiewicz, August Cieszkowski, literature as an expression of the consciousness of the nation, national character, philosophy of history, Polish Romanticism
Opis:
Zygmunt Krasiński w Przedświcie wystąpił jako prorok zwiastujący królestwo Boże, „nowe niebo i nową ziemię”. Poemat nie wyrósł jednak wyłącznie na glebie adwentystycznych marzeń emigracji polskiej, jest bowiem również dziełem artystycznym realizującym założenia nowej formy profetyczno-idealistycznej „poezji trzeciej epoki”. Przedświt to słowo „trzeciego wieszcza” zwieńczające „rozeznawanie się w jestestwie swoim” „duszy narodowej” pozbawionej „ciała politycznego”, tłumaczące najpełniej sens przeszłości i przyszłości narodu oraz charakter jego posłannictwa. To także poemat miłosny, w którym Krasiński uwiecznił swoją Beatricze, przynosząc zarazem objawienie prawd ostatecznych.
In his epic poem Przedświt [„Predawn”] Zygmunt Krasiński appears as a prophet announcing the Kingdom of God, „a new heaven and a new earth.” However, the poem does not merely express the ‘Adventist dreams’ of the Polish diaspora, since it is also a literary work advancing the ideas of the new prophetic and idealist “poetry of the third epoch.” Przedświt, the voice of the third Polish Romantic “seer,” is simultaneously the conclusion of the “discernment of its own being” by the “nation’s soul” deprived of a political body: the poem explains, in a possibly fullest manner, the meaning of the past and of the future of the Polish nation, pointing to the core of the nation’s mission in the world. Last but not least, Przedświt is also a love poem: while conveying the revelation of the final things, Krasiński also immortalized his Beatrice. Translated by Dorota Chabrajska
Źródło:
Ethos; 2017, 30, 3 (119); 213-233
0860-8024
Pojawia się w:
Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Videoconference “The Polish journals on the history and philosophy of science and the science of science: How to get to Scopus, WoS, ICI, DOAJ and ERIH+? Why is it worth doing?” (Kraków – Warsaw – Toruń, Poland, April 16, 2020, 10.00–15.00).
Autorzy:
Kokowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Umiejętności
Tematy:
scientific journals, history and philosophy of science, science studies, Scopus, WoS, ICI, DOAJ, ERIH +, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAAS), Institute of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IHS PAS), Commission of the History
czasopisma naukowe, historia i filozofii nauki, naukoznawstwo, Scopus, WoS, ICI, DOAJ, ERIH+, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Instytut Historii Nauki PAN, Komisja Historii Nauki PAU, Pracownia Naukoznawstwa IHN PAN
Opis:
The article sketches the subject matter and the course of the first videoconference in the history of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences: “The Polish journals on the history and philosophy of science and the science of science: How to get to Scopus, WoS, ICI, DOAJ and ERIH+. Why is it worth doing?” (Krakow – Warsaw – Toruń, 16 April 2020, 10.00–15.00).The conference was organized on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Commission on the History of Science at the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, and to mark the establishment of the Laboratory for the Science of Science at the Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, currently the only one (!) unit for the science of science in Poland.
Artykuł szkicuje tematykę i przebieg pierwszej w dziejach Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności i Instytutu Historii Nauki PAN Wideokonferencji pt. „Polskie czasopisma z historii i filozofii nauki oraz naukoznawstwa: Jak dostać się do Scopus, WoS, ICI, DOAJ oraz ERIH+? Dlaczego warto to zrobić?” (Kraków – Warszawa – Toruń, 16 kwietnia 2020, godz. 10.00–15.00).Konferencję zorganizowano z okazji 20-lecia Komisji Historii Nauki PAU i powołania Pracowni Naukoznawstwa IHN PAN, aktualnie jedynej placówki naukoznawczej w Polsce.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Scientiarum; 2020, 19
2451-3202
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Working Session „Polish scientific journals from the disciplines: «history and philosophy of science» and «science of science» – current challenges” (Kraków, 25 June 2019)
Autorzy:
Kokowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Umiejętności
Tematy:
Polish scientific journals, scientific journals evaluation, Polish scientific journals evaluation system, history and philosophy of science, science of science, Commission of the History of Science, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences
polskie czasopisma naukowe, ewaluacja czasopism naukowych, polski system ewaluacji czasopism naukowych, historia i filozofia nauki, naukoznawstwo, Komisja Historii Nauki PAU, Polska Akademia Umiejętności
Opis:
The article describes the course of the Working Session „Polish scientific journals from the disciplines: «history and philosophy of science» and «science of science» – current challenges” (Kraków, 25 June 2019), organized by the Commission of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Artykuł opisuje przebieg sesji roboczej „Polskie czasopisma naukowe z dyscyplin: «historia i filozofia nauki» oraz «naukoznawstwo» – aktualne wyzwania” (Kraków, 25 czerwca 2019 r.), zorganizowanej przez Komisję Historii Nauki PAU.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Scientiarum; 2019, 18
2451-3202
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The relevance of history: Dramatic history poems by Stanisław Wyspiański and Tytus Czyżewski
Czym jest historia dla życia. Rapsody historyczne: Wyspiański i Czyżewski
Autorzy:
Sienkiewicz, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Polish literature of the late 19th and Interwar period
philosophy of history
historical epic poems
emancipation and progress
modernity
the French Revolution
Stanisław Wyspiański (1869–1907)
Tytus Czyżewski (1880–1945)
Wyspiański
Czyżewski
rapsody
historia
rewolucja
teodycea
nowoczesność
Opis:
This article examines the analogies, and more specifically the historical 'theatre of the imagination', between Tytus Czyżewski's Robespierre/Rhapsody (1927) and Stanisław Wyspiańs-ki's poetic dramas Rhapsodies (Kazimierz the Great and Bolesław the Bold). Each of those poems foregrounds its principal historical character. Wyspiański's dramatic poems, commonly known as Rhapsodies, focus on Kazimierz the Great, Bolesław the Bold, and Piast. kings of pivotal significance in his vision of Poland's historical destiny. Twenty years later Tytus Czyżewski, an acclaimed avant-garde painter and poet, composed a poetic-essayistic salmagundi, in which he sought to render in a similarly elevated style and condensed dialogue the drama of the leaders of the French Revolution, Robespierre and Danton. While Robespierre has to face, apart from some common people, God, the Spirit and Judges that sit in judgment on him, the final section of Rhapsody evokes Juliusz Słowacki. A monologue, mimicking his lofty verse, establishes a metaphorical common thread in Polish history – from the days of mail-clad knights to the wretched everyday life in the trenches – set against a broad background of wars, destruction and the French Revolution. For Czyżewski the French Revolution was a ground-breaking event, the first act of a great historical process that ushered in the Modern Age with its ideas of progress, reason, freedom, social justice, the elimination of poverty. It continues to inspire mankind with the hope that even a most ambitious change is possible. For Wyspiański, on the other hand, the grand project of human emancipation does give rise to doubts whether a wholesale obliteration of the Old is justified and to questions about God, free will, theodicy and destiny, and the 'tyranny of reason'. The differences between the two philosophies of history – Wyspiański's, from the turn of the 19th century, and Czyżewski's, representative of the artistic and intellectual climate of the late 1920s – are no doubt profound, and yet, what both of them seem to share is a deep concern with the relevance of history for the present and for designing the future.
Źródło:
Ruch Literacki; 2019, 6; 613-630
0035-9602
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Literacki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The origin and development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies. A historical outline by 1993
Autorzy:
Trombik, Kamil Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies
Michał Heller
Józef Życiński
history of Polish philosophy
philosophy of nature
philosophy in science
Opis:
The paper concerns the origin and early stage of development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Kraków. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies was founded by Michał Heller and Józef Życiński in the late 1970s. It was an informal institution which focused on conducting scientific activity in the area of philosophy of nature, relationship between mathematical & natural sciences and philosophy, history of science, as well as relationships between science and religion. In this paper I would like to present how this institution developed, I will discuss various forms of its activity and discuss-very generally-what kind of philosophy was promoted by M. Heller, J. Życiński as well as their pupils and close associates. An important part of the paper will also concern the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies as a unique institution, which has developed-in difficult historical period in Poland-philosophical research in the spirit of freedom and respect for the new achievements of science, and also promoted interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists and philosophers.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 66; 271-295
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tadeusz Czeżowski – obszary filozofowania
Tadeusz Czeżowski – areas of practising philosophy
Autorzy:
Słomski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Tadeusz Czeżowski
filozofia
nauka
historia filozofii
filozofia polska
Czeżowski
philosophy
science
history of philosophy
Polish philosophy
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Tadeusza Czeżowskiego, który był jednym z najwybitniejszych przedstawicieli szkoły lwowsko-warszawskiej. Sformułował szereg reguł określających sposób postępowania w nauce. Najważniejszym wnioskiem jest stwierdzenie, że także teorie metafizyczne mają określoną strukturę logiczną, czyli są interpretacjami logiki, nic zatem nie stoi na przeszkodzie, by również metafizykę uznać za dziedzinę nauki. Według Czeżowskiego istnieją dwa rodzaje teorii etycznych: etyka empiryczna oraz etyka dedukcyjna. Czeżowski jednak nie podjął próby stworzenia własnego systemu etycznego.
This article presents the views of Tadeusz Czeżowski, who was one of the most prominent representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw school. He formulated a number of rules defining the rules of conducting science. His most important conclusion is that also metaphysical theories have a specific logical structure, i.e. they are interpretations of logic, therefore there is nothing to prevent metaphysics from also being considered as a branch of science. According to Czeżowski, there are two types of ethical theories: empirical ethics, and deductive ethics. Czeżowski, however, did not attempt to create his own ethical system.
Źródło:
Galicja. Studia i materiały; 2022, 8: "Filozofia w Galicji III"; 225-235
2450-5854
Pojawia się w:
Galicja. Studia i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strona Słowackiego? − Norwid wobec tradycji wieszczów
On the Side of Słowacki? Norwid’s Attitude to the Tradition of the Bards
Autorzy:
Halkiewicz-Sojak, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Cyprian Norwid
odczyty O Juliuszu Słowackim
Anhelli
Adam Mickiewicz
Zygmunt Krasiński
romantyczne koncepcje poezji i poety
prawda i kłamstwo w poezji romantycznej
historiozofia
lectures O Juliuszu Słowackim [About Juliusz Słowacki]
romantic concepts of poet and poetry
truth and lies in polish romantic poetry
philosophy of history
Opis:
Tematem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i dlaczego spośród wzorów postaw romantycznych poetów Norwid wybrał wariant Juliusza Słowackiego. Dlaczego Mickiewiczowi i Krasińskiemu zarzucił historiozoficzne kłamstwo, a u Słowackiego odnalazł prawdę? Takie opinie zostały sformułowane w Norwidowskich odczytach O Juliuszu Słowackim, przede wszystkim w zawartej tam interpretacji Anhellego. Semantyczna analiza fragmentów lekcji o Słowackim pozwoliła wskazać w konkluzji estetyczne, egzystencjalne i historiozoficzne powody takiego wyboru.
The subject of the article is an attempt to answer the question whether and why Cyprian Norwid chose Juliusz Słowacki’s variant from among the attitudes of Romantic poets. Why did he accuse Mickiewicz and Krasiński of a historiosophical lie, while finding the truth in Słowacki’s work? Such opinions were formulated in Norwid’s series of lectures titled “O Juliuszu Słowackim” [“About Juliusz Słowacki”], especially in his interpretation of Anhelli [Anhelli] included there. Semantic analysis of fragments of the lectures about Słowacki allow us to indicate in conclusion the aesthetic, existential, and historiosophical reasons for such a choice.
Źródło:
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo; 2020, 10 (13); 213-224
2084-6045
2658-2503
Pojawia się w:
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rękopisy Mariana Smoluchowskiego – ważne źródło do studiów nad filozofią w nauce
Marian Smoluchowskis manuscripts - important source for philosophy in science
Autorzy:
Polak, Paweł
Dziekan, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
Marian Smoluchowski
philosophy in science
history of science
Polish philosophy
philosophy on nature in Krakow
Opis:
The aim of tis article is to present the selected Marian Smoluchowski's manuscripts to be published in this volume. At the beginning, a history and current state of research of his manusript legacy was showed. Next there were characterized a philosophical significance of his unpublished manuscripts and a short analysis of the manuscripts published in this volume. At the end of the article the details about the current edition of Smoluchowski's manuscripts were described.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2017, 62; 141-169
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procent romantyzmu w romantyzmie
The Percentage of Romanticism in Romanticism
Autorzy:
Makowska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
Tematy:
film polski
romantyzm
historia i film
filozofia i film
Polish film
romanticism
history and film
philosophy and film
Opis:
Książka Marcina Marona Romantyzm i kino. Idee i wyobrażenia romantyczne w filmach polskich reżyserów z lat 1947-1990 (2019) prezentuje interpretacje jedenastu filmów, których fabuła dotyczy wydarzeń rozgrywających się między rokiem 1789 a 1849; niektóre z nich są ekranizacjami literatury romantycznej . Wyznacznikami romantyzmu okazują się tu poglądy filozoficzne, głównie kręgu jenajskiego, oraz zjawiska historyczne kształtujące ich przyswojenie i aktywizację. Filmy zostały omówione na tle przedstawionej w ostatniej części pracy recepcji romantyzmu w czasach PRL. Książka Marona, nieco statyczna w ścisłym przestrzeganiu ograniczeń chronologicznych i kompozycyjnych, dynamizuje się jednak w lekturze, prowokując do pytań wykraczających zarówno poza ramy czasowe przyjęte przez autora, jak i wyznaczony tu krąg problemów.
Marcin Maron’s book Romantyzm i kino. Idee i wyobrażenia romantyczne w filmach polskich reżyserów z lat 1947-1990 [Romanticism and Cinema: Romantic Ideas and Images in the Films of Polish Directors from 1947-1990] (2019) presents interpretations of eleven films that either depict events taking place between 1789 and 1849 or are adaptations of romantic literature. The notion of romanticism employed in the book is determined by philosophical views, mainly those of the Jena circle, and historical phenomena that support their realization. In the concluding part of the work, the films are discussed in the context of the reception of romanticism in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. Maron’s book, though somewhat static in its strict compliance with chronological and compositional restrictions, nevertheless makes for a dynamic reading experience, as it provokes questions that reach beyond both the time frame adopted by the author and his chosen range of problems.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Filmowy; 2020, 110; 219-229
0452-9502
2719-2725
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Filmowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozorna unia… Rzeczpospolita, Polacy i rodzina narodów słowiańskich w Wywodzie Dembołęckiego (geneza – znaczenie – predestynacja)
Autorzy:
Sztyber, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
national megalomania
Wojciech Dembołęcki
Sarmaticism
Polish philosophy of history
megalomania narodowa
sarmatyzm
polska historiozofia
Opis:
The sketch is an attempt at presenting Wojciech Dembołęcki’s views (contained in Wywód jedynowłasnego państwa świata [Treatise on the only True Country of the World]) on some issues, especially political issues, concerning the authority of Poles and its origin. The book published in 1633 (Warsaw) seems to be very controversial for its reader may find a lot of megalomaniac concepts often based on presumptions, historical usurpations, re-interpretations or simply naive etymology. The mentioned manipulations in the sphere of philosophy of history allowed the author to come to incredible conclusions. The fundamental one is connected with the first ever language that was spoken in paradise. The Franciscan writer convinced it was the Slavic tongue (“słowiański” from the Polish “słowo” – “word”), in effect Slavs must have been the oldest people of the world. There are numerous consequences of such an assumption, nevertheless the Poles were particularly privileged – as noble descendants of Adam and Eve – and only they participated in the mankind development process, they were responsible for civilization achievements, founded first ever cities, established the state system (and even regalia), defeated various military powers in the past, etc. Therefore, they allegedly had an exclusive right to rule countries and nations of the whole globe. This is the most important message of the book in question, although the author himself probably did not believe in his own imaginary theory fabricated just for show and because of overly ambitious Polish noblemen’s needs.
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 220-234
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polska myśl kryminologiczna od schyłku XIX w. do 1939 r.
The Polish Criminological Thought from the Close of the 19th Century till 1939
Autorzy:
Nelken, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699220.pdf
Data publikacji:
1986
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kryminologia
prawo karne
historia
filozofia
szkoła antropologiczna
psychopatia
socjologia
osobowość
przestępca
polityka kryminalna
criminology
criminal law
history
philosophy
anthropological school
psychopaty
sociology
personality
criminal
criminal policy
polish criminological thought
Opis:
Both the anthropological school of Lombroso, established in the late half of the 19th century, and the sociological school established by Ferri and other criminologists ( Liszt, Prins, van Hammel, Tarde) met with a keen interest in Poland. However, the anthropological school was criticized, as it was the case in other countries too, both by the classical school of penal law, and from the sociological point of view. A critical analysis of the views of Lombroso and his successors was made by the leading representative of the classical school of penal law in Poland in those days Krzymuski who  postulated that recognition of the individual’s free will to be condition of his penal liability, Krzymuski opposed free will to be conception of a born criminal propagated by Lombroso. Lombroso’s theory was also criticized by  Krzywicki, a sociologist and anthropologist who considered the former’s  approach towards the conditions of crime to be too narrow, leaving out of account those resulting from the social and economic conditions. On the other  hand, Polish criminologists considered it to be Lombroso’s unquestionable merit that he had called attention to the necessity of studying the offender's personality, and in this way initiated the modern criminology. Opinions of various sociological schools were discussed in the Polish literature and accepted by the majority of authors starting from the close of the 19th century. In particular, the most accepted one was the opinion that offence is a result of both individual and social factors, and the aim of punishment meted out by the court should be not only to deter. the perpetrator from committing offences, but also to reeducate him. Due to the fact that in the 19th-centuiy judicial practice the sentence depended on the extent of damage caused by the offender, it was emphasized in the Polish literature that punishment should take into consideration also the offender's individual features, as it is only then that it can fulfil its tasks (Stebelski). With the accepted division of offenders into professional and causal, the fact was stressed that - if the offender reveals a tendency to relapse into crime- the measures the society applies towards him should be more drastic since the society has to defend itself against incorrigible criminals in an effective way. Instead, more lenient measures should be applied towards causal offenders, such measures  being sufficient for their reeducation. In the period between the two world wars, criminology in Poland became a separate branch and extended its range; the establishment of the Polish Criminological Society in 1921 and of the Department of Criminology at the Free Polish University in 1922, later (I932) transformed into the Criminological Institute, contributed to this situation. The Polish criminology of that period faced the task of studying and defining in detail the basic factors of crime: individual (endogenous) and social (exogenous). This was related to the necessity to learn about the sources of crime with the aim of its effective control by means of preparing a Penal Code and properly shaping the criminal policy (Wróblewski). When studying the individual factors of crime, particular attention was paid to the psychopathic personality. Criminal psychopaths were believed to suffer from a pathological moral defect resulting from their underdevelopment in the sphere of emotions. It was stated that psychopaths who committed an offence should not be recognized as mentally irresponsible (Nelken). Psychopathy cannot be treated psychiatrically; on the other hand, intensified resocialization of the offender is necessary here, conditions for this treatment created during his prison term. At the same time, an adequate segregation of prisoners should be applied based on the psychopathological criterion (Łuniewski). The science of the offender's personality was called criminal biology; it dealt with the physical and mental structure of the offender. Criminal biology was to make use of the general anthropological, psychological and psychiatric data as well as those gathered by means of other clinical methods. Aimed at  gathering comprehensive data concerning the whole of the offender’s mental and physical properties, criminal biology should not confine itself to a mere specification of his various traits: it should also study their origin, methodically examining the development of these properties in the milieu in which the offender’s personality was formed. Thus the criminal-biological research must be made from the psychological and medical as well as sociological points of view. Particular importance was attached to detailed environmental research in the study of juvenile delinquents (Batawia). In the early Thirties, the Ministry of Justice initiated criminological- biological research in prisons. The research was carried out by special commissions with the use of a specially prepared comprehensive questionnaire . The greatest part was played by psychiatric and psychological examination. The  criminal-biological research in prisons was interrupted by the outbreak of the war. In connection with the criminogenic role of alcoholism, criminologists spoke for a considerable reduction of production and sale of spirits. Moreover, an opinion was expressed that a commission of an offence in the state of a normal (the so-called physiological) intoxication should not result in the recognition of the offender as mentally irresponsible. Only pathological intoxication may be considered from the point of view of irrespossibility. The offender should not avail himself of his intoxication as a mitigating circumstance (Nelken). The scientists opposed the introduction of compulsory sterilization which was to be applied toward persons whose children could inherit serious  pathological traits from them. The opposition had both scientific and humanistic grounds (Łuniewski, Nelken). Compulsory sterilization was not introduced. The main trend of the Polish criminology in the period between the wars corresponded with the sociological school which took into account the relationship between the endogenous (biological) and the exogenous (social) factors in the origins of crime. A vast majority of Polish criminologists opposed the conception of a “born criminal” put forward by Lombroso. Some of the Polish scholars of the period between the wars who used the term “criminal anthropology” (e.g. Rabinowicz), emphasized the evolution of this science which differed from the Lombroso’s doctrine, and postulated the social milieu as a factor be largely taken into consideration in the studies on the causes of crime. In the Polish criminology of those days, the stress was laid principally on criminal biology due to the fact that the internal factor is usually less  conspicuous and more difficult to prove than the external one in the etiology of crime. It was emphasized that not all of persons who  found themselves in unfavourable social conditions turned offenders (Neymark, Lemkin); therefore, the biological (somato psychological) factor determines the individual’s moral resistance to the unfavourable external conditions. On the other hand, also the social factor, in addition to the biological one, was included in the causes of crime, due to the considerable impact of living conditions on the human mind. The opinion was that - though the etiology of an offence is usually determined by a combination of the external and internal factors - in each case one should attempt to find out which of these factors prevailed in the origin of a given act; this should also be taken into account in the criminological prognosis. In general, the chance for correction is smaller in the case of an offender of the endogenous type who requires a more thorough and longer resocialization as compared with one of the exogenous type; this should be taken into account by the court when meting out punishment (Rabinowicz, Lemkin). The Polish  Penal Code of 1932 (in force till 1969) was an expression of the compromise between the classical school of penal law and the sociological school. In the code, many legal structures included in the General Part were formulated in accordance with the achievements of the science of penal law in its classical form; this concerns particularly the definition or the essence of crime and the principles of liability including that of subjectivism as responsibility for a culpable act. A compromising character was given in the code to meting out punishment which was conditioned not only  by the weight of the offence according to the classical principle of retribution and deterrence, but also by the offender's personality and the life he had led hitherto according to the instructions of the sociological school (Art. 54). The discussed code did not adopt from the Italian positivism the so-called ante-criminal prevention, i.e.. the application of sanctions towards an individual who has not committed any prohibited act yet. Also indeterminate sentences were not adopted in the Code in relation to penalties and not protective measures, as this would be contradictory to the principle of individualization of punishment. Under the influence of the sociological school the Code contained of a possibility of suspension of ęxceution of the penalty, and of its extraordinary rnitigation, as well as the release from prison before the expiration of term (separately regulated by the law of 1927-) and a possibility to mete out a more severe penalty in the case of recidivists. In addition to the medical security measures, which consisted in the commitment of the offender to a mental hospital and which the court could apply towards the persons guilty of acts committed in the state of mental irresponsibility or decreased responsibility, the code introduced - basing on the postulates of the sociological school-isolating security measures applied towards the offenders whose acts were connected with reluctance to work, and towards recidivists and professional as well as habitual criminals if their staying at liberty endangered the legal order. The isolating security measures were applied together with the penalty (not instead of it), the necessity of their application connected with the ‘’ state of danger", i.e. the perpetrator's probability of commission of further offences; in the criminological literature, subjective and state of objective criteria of the danger were distinguished (Strasman). According to Art. 84 of the  Penal Code, offenders of this type were  committed to a special institution  for at least 5 years, and the court decided after the termination of each such period whether it was necessary to prolong the commitment for the next five years. In the Penal Code of 1932, also the measures applied towards juvenile delinquents were divided into educational measures on the one hand, and commitment to a corrective institution on the other hand, depending  on the juvenile's age and of his possible discernment or lack there of when committing the forbiden act.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1986, XIII; 223-260
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Philosophy of History in Poland in the Context of Thomistic Thinking
Polska filozofia dziejów w świetle myślenia tomistycznego
Autorzy:
Mróz, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Gdańskie Seminarium Duchowne
Tematy:
Polish philosophy
philosophy of history
thomism
personalism
Polish messianism
filozofia polska
filozofia dziejów
tomizm
personalizm
mesjanizm polski
Opis:
Philosophy of history practiced in the early modern period and nowadays in Poland appears to be one of the principal trends of Polish philosophical thinking. This thought encompasses various themes and is anchored in realism and Thomistic personalism. Polish representatives of philosophy of history do not disregard theology of history and perceive Christian faith as a historical reality. Therefore apart from philosophy of history they develop theology of history where the understanding of the past of your own nation is a crucial element. In this context the thought of Thomas Aquinas inspires to view history from the philosophical and theological perspective. Franciszek Sawicki, Franciszek Manthey and Czesław Bartnik in their research answer the question about the sense of time and history and the significance of historical processes. They originate from the school of traditional Thomism but they also have a thorough knowledge of modern philosophy Thanks to them we may speak of philosophy of history in Poland which deserves reflection and which is the source of the thought of St. John Paul II. Among them the reflection of Franciszek Sawicki deserves special attention. For Sawicki, Thomism is important as a value which organises his own presentation of the problem. It is, by no means, the repetition of the old tradition as Sawicki frequently refers to the modern thought. The question about the reference of Polish philosophy of history to Thomism is principally realized through personalist references and building social ethic based on philosophy and theology of nation where solidarity and participation are dominant. The abovementioned philosophers, F. Sawicki in particular, focus on the question about man in their reflection on history. For all of them it is Christianity that demonstrates the right form for references among people, the discovery of truth, moral and social activity as well as social and supernatural life, human autonomy and its relation to God.
Filozofia historii uprawiana w czasach nowożytnych i współcześnie w Polsce jawi się jako jeden z podstawowych nurtów polskiego myślenia filozoficznego. Obejmuje ona różne wątki i jest zakotwiczona w realizmie i personalizmie o zabarwieniu tomistycznym. Polscy reprezentanci filozofii historii nie abstrahują od teologii historii, a wiarę chrześcijańską widzą jako rzeczywistość historyczną, dlatego obok filozofii historii rozwijają teologię historii, gdzie ważnym elementem jest zrozumienie dziejów własnego narodu. W tym kontekście myśl Tomasza z Akwinu inspiruje spojrzenie na dzieje z punktu widzenia filozofii i teologii. Franciszek Sawicki, Franciszek Manthey oraz Czesław Bartnik w swojej twórczości odpowiadają na pytanie o sens czasu i historii oraz o znaczenie procesów historycznych. Wychodzą ze szkoły tomizmu tradycyjnego, dobrze znając filozofię współczesną. Dzięki nim możemy mówić o polskiej myśli historycznej, która zasługuje na przemyślenie i z której wypłynęła myśl św. Jana Pawła II. Wśród nich na szczególną uwagę zasługują przemyślenia Franciszka Sawickiego, dla którego tomizm stanowi wartość dyscyplinującą własne przedstawienie problemu, przez co nie powtarza on jedynie dawnych tradycji, a w sposób uporządkowany sięga do myśli jak najbardziej współczesnej. Pytanie o odniesienie polskiej myśli filozofii historii do tomizmu zasadniczo realizuje się poprzez odniesienie personalistyczne i budowanie etyki społecznej na gruncie filozofii i teologii narodu, gdzie dominuje zasada solidarności i uczestnictwa. Wspomniani twórcy, a zwłaszcza F. Sawicki, wiele dróg swoich dociekań budują wokół pytania o człowieka. Dla wszystkich to chrześcijaństwo prezentuje właściwą formę: odniesień między ludzkich, odkrywania prawdy oraz działalności moralnej i społecznej, życia społecznego i nadprzyrodzonego oraz autonomii człowieka i jego związku z Bogiem.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie; 2017, 41; 197-216
0137-4338
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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