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Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
Tytuł:
Turkey’s European aspirations in the last decade. A real desire to become full EU member or a model example of reality of politics?
Autorzy:
Mszyca, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Opis:
The examples mentioned above show, that Turkey on its way to become full member of European Union does not make a clean breast of it. Officially Turkey wants to become a part of EU but unofficially the negotiation process by itself, gave Turkey many positives. So if we look at the obstacles that hamper Turkish accession, and some of them are almost impossible to overcome, we can reach a conclusion that only by the negotiations Turkey profits greatly. Doing balance sheet of profits and looses, we can advance a thesis that Turkey wouldn’t gain much more than already has. So why would Turkey want to join European Union? Isn’t that only an idée fixe for Ankara for over half a decade? It seems that for today, the negotiations with Brussels is kind of double-dealing. Nobody knows how would it affect Turkey, if broke of the negotiations or Ankara became a full EU’s member. So, for now, Ankara prefers to keep status quo with European Union, as long as it benefits. All the cases given above give evidence then, that Turkey performs politics according to the old iron rule of reality of politics in contacts with EU and it is not that obvious that Turkey really wants to totally join European family.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2012, 3; 127-143
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Joint and Several Liability of Competition Law Infringers in the Legislation of Central and Eastern European Member States
Autorzy:
Miskolczi Bodnár, Péter
Szuchy, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
joint and several liability
maximum degree of liability
micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
full compensation
proportional reimbursement
direct or indirect purchasers and suppliers
ceilings of the liability of immunity recipients
Opis:
The study reviews the provisions of the Directive by, first, presenting its general rule – joint and several liability – and then its two exceptions, pointing out that albeit they contain similar solutions, these have different reasons in the case of leniency applicants obtained immunity from fines and small and medium-sized enterprises. The study examines whether the 11 CEE Member States prescribe joint and several liability, in principle, to cases where multiple persons cause harm jointly by an infringement of competition law. The study also analyses the position of an immunity recipient in national laws. During the examination, the study separates the position of the immunity recipient and the injured parties, as well as the position of the immunity recipient and other co-infringers, as is the case in the Directive. The study summarizes also national experiences with the implementation of the Damages Directive. It is a fact that the norms of the Directive have been implemented, and there is no deviation to jeopardize either the enforcement of claims for damages or the integrity of the internal market. Nevertheless, having established two separate exceptions, it would have been duly justified for the Commission to explain them in detail, considering their rules differ from each other. Noticeably, some CEE countries considered the difference unjustified and uniformly provided an opportunity for the co-infringer who compensated the harm of an injured party to submit a reimbursement claim against the immunity recipient and SMEs. Other CEE countries considered that they did not have the authority to do so. It would be worth reviewing the implementation of the exceptions to joint and several liabilities after a year, in conjunction with the issue of alternative dispute resolution. The study makes a proposal for an amendment of the Directive. Doctrinal views related to the SMEs exemption from joint and several liability draw attention to the fact that it is unfortunate if solutions designed in a relatively late stage of the legislative procedure do, in fact, later become a part of that directive. It would seem practical, for example, to declare that this exception shall be applied also to micro enterprises in relation to the compensation of harms caused by infringements of competition law. The Damages Directive requires, however, the implementation of this exception only with regard to small and medium-sized enterprises.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 85-110
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantification of Harm and the Damages Directive: Implementation in CEE Countries
Autorzy:
Mikelėnas, Valentina
Zaščiurinskaitė, Rasa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private antitrust enforcement
quantification of harm
full compensation
effectiveness
presumption of harm
implementation
Damages Directive
CEE Member States
Opis:
Quantification of harm is regarded as one of the most significant obstacles for the full compensation of harm and development of private enforcement within the European Union, including CEE Member States. Consequently, the Damages Directive establishes general rules and requirements for the quantification of harm, such as a rebuttable presumption of harm in case of cartels, the power of national courts to estimate harm as well as others, which closely interact with the principle of full compensation emphasized by the case-law of the European Union and directly established in the Damages Directive. The main focus of this paper is the effectiveness of the rules on the quantification of harm in general, and how these rules will contribute to the development of private antitrust enforcement in CEE Member States. Therefore, one of the issues to be discussed in the paper is the analysis of how, and to what extent specific rules and requirements for the quantification of harm have been transposed into the national legislation of CEE Member States. As certain CEE national jurisdictions have had certain rules for the quantification of harm already before the implementation of the Damages Directive, the paper analyses how effective these rules have been, and how much they have contributed to the development of private antitrust enforcement of those CEE national jurisdictions. Previous experience of those CEE Member States in applying specific rules for the quantification of harm is important, in order to assess the possible impact of the newly introduced rules on the quantification of harm and on private antitrust enforcement in general in other CEE Member States. The rules for the quantification of harm will not enhance private antitrust enforcement on their own, however, their effective application by national courts together with other rules under the Damages Directive should contribute to a quicker development of private enforcement in CEE Members States.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 111-132
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obituary Professor Dr. hab. Ryszard Babicki (1927-2010) full member of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Autorzy:
Lecka, J.
Strykowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biography
Babicki Ryszard biography
Polish Academy of Sciences
wood technology
scientific research
chemical technology
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo; 2011, 42
0071-6685
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Professor Dr. hab. Jerzy Wazny, full member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (1927-2010)
Autorzy:
Krajewski, K.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biography
Wazny Jerzy biography
Polish Academy of Sciences
full member
publication
scientific work
wood conservation
wood pathology
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo; 2010, 41
0071-6685
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series B - Drzewnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real-Time vs. Full-Sample Performance of One-Sided and Two-Sided HP Filters. An Application to 27 EU Member States GDP Data
Autorzy:
Ganev, Kaloyan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
One-sided and two-sided Hodrick-Prescott filters
endpoint bias
Opis:
The paper makes a comparison of the results of the application of two-sided and one-sided versions of the Hodrick-Prescott filter on GDP data concerning 27 EU Member States. Based on the results, the overall finding is that, contrary to its assumed advantages, the one-sided filter does not help overcome endpoint unbiasedness. Quite the opposite, it rather spreads and consolidates the endpoint bias that plagues the two-sided version over the entire filtered data. In addition, regression-based results on the influence of the second, third, and fourth moments of the GDP acceleration rates on the differences between one- sided and two-sided HP trends are presented.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 3; 251-272
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja warunków dotyczących nupturientów w przypadku zawierania małżeństwa mieszanego przez katolika z wiernym Kościoła lub Wspólnoty kościelnej nie mającej pełnej łączności z Kościołem katolickim (kan. 1125, n. 1-3 KPK)
The Realization of Conditions Concerning Nupturients in the Case of Contracting a Mixed Marriage Between a Catholic and a Member of a Church or Ecclesial Community Not in Full Communion with the Catholic Church (can. 1125, n. 1-3 CIC)
Autorzy:
Dzierżon, Ginter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/663205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
małżeństwo mieszane
kanon 1125, n. 1-3 KPK
mixed marriage
canon 1125 n. 1-3 CIC/1983
Opis:
The author of the presented article focused his attention on the question of the realization of conditions concerning nupturients in the case of contracting a mixed marriage between a Catholic and a member of a Church or Ecclesial Community not in full communion with the Catholic Church. The analysis of can. 1125, n. 1-3 CIC shows that the conditions to be fulfilled before granting a permission concern mostly the Catholic and do not in any way infringe the religious liberty of the other party. According to the will of the legislator, the non-Catholic party is only obliged to meet the requirement codified in can. 1125, n. 3 CIC which remains in a close relation with the natural structure of marriage. This obligation is especially important since not sharing the Catholic concept of marriage as for the components crucial for the canonical system results in invalidity of marriage.
Źródło:
Ius Matrimoniale; 2016, 27, 4; 43-59
1429-3803
2353-8120
Pojawia się w:
Ius Matrimoniale
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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