Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "fall of the law" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
Tytuł:
No Time to Die – Spy Fiction and the End of the Law
Autorzy:
Zabrocki, Patryk Roger
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
secret service
agent
license to kill
fall of the law
Opis:
Goal – the obligation to ensure internal security, constitutional order, and external security is a necessary condition for the development of any country. It is a condition that is not influenced by the state system. Only the mechanisms leading to the achievement of a given objective may be different. The vast majority of modern states in the international arena establish and maintain units called special services in order to protect their existence. The work of a given type of agency essentially involves activities aimed at guaranteeing the protection of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the operations of current secret services and their officers against the backdrop of the history of the most popular secret service officer in the world. This work will answer the question of how far special services can go to ensure the protection of the state, and whether their actions break the law. Research methodology – many research methods were used to fully exhaust the topic of this dissertation. The analytical method enabled an accurate and multifaceted picture of certain phenomena found in the activities of the secret services, but most importantly, it made it possible to show extreme manifestations of law violations done by secret services officers that will never be met with negative consequences of the law. The main goal of any given method is to obtain certain empirical conclusions. The intuitive and critical methods were then applied. The former had the task of allowing the consideration of personal conjectures, concepts, and acquired knowledge while obtaining information necessary to write a given work. The latter was the perfect complement to the first one. The critical method had the task of logically justifying the hypotheses by constructive criticism and analysis of the literature on a given topic. Score/results – the fundamental aim of this article is to prove that the solutions of legal regulations concerning special services are extremely different from the actual practice of officers at given institutions. The above will help solve the main problem of this work, which is to present the opportunism of people who are supposed to protect and serve the people of their country. Special services, which are subject to public authority and controlled by supervisory bodies, should uphold the rule of law. Ultimately, the officers of these services are the lawbreakers. In light of the issues raised in the paper, this article is a good tool to use for lawyers that specialize in national security, as well as for officers at the institutions in question. Originality/value – the starting point of this work is to determine the essence of special service operations. Both intelligence and counter-intelligence services deal with secret tasks in different forms. The core function of the secret service is to protect the interests of the state, which is an important value for state security. The task of the secret service is to protect the legal order of the state in which they serve, but also to act within the limits of the law for the sake of international peace. Intelligence and counter-intelligence work usually assumes the form of classified and special operations. They are aimed at influencing, either directly or indirectly, a dangerous entity, thus causing a decrease in its political, economic, military, and moral capabilities. Special services are different from other organizations that have the task of protecting national interests. An important catalogue of rights and obligations for special services states that they are an important mechanism for preventing and destroying threats of all kinds with all possible tools. These tools can often violate fundamental human rights and the democratic rule of law. By using examples from spying fiction, it is possible to analyze the activities of secret services and assess how important or unnecessary the services may be.
Źródło:
Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza; 2019; 231-242
2544-5790
Pojawia się w:
Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Issues of Secession in the Process of the Rise and Fall of States in the Light of International Law
Autorzy:
Diallo, Boubacar Sidi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684786.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
public international law
soft law
binding
international
legal standards
actors
cooperation
Opis:
The aims of this contribution is to check the validity of the old theory, which goes back to Jellinek but is still dominant, which states that secession as well as the process of forming a new state, fall under the scope of a “simple fact” and thereby escape through definition to any law of way. According to this theory, secession is not a question of “Law” but a question of pure fact, failure or success: if a secessionist movement succeeds in establishing a new effectiveness, that is to say, puts in place the “Constituent elements” of a state, a new state is born. It is interesting to observe that with the phenomenon of the rise or the collapse of States, from the global perspective of international order and especially from the point of view of international law, the States concerned are, in practice, not simply left to their fate. On the contrary, the rise or the collapse of a State anywhere in the world is seen as a matter of concern for the international community, since the international system as a whole is felt to be affected. In such cases, international reactions have not been manifested primarily through the States as such, either indi-vidually or together. Basically, these reactions had to cope with the dilemma of choos-ing between two fundamental principles of legitimacy in international law: on the one hand, the sovereignty and equality of States and, on the other, the right of peoples to self-determination.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2018, 8
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunek polskich elit do prawa francuskiego po upadku Napoleona – zarys problemu
The attitude of Polish elites toward the French law after the fall of Napoleon: an outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Gałędek, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Napoleonic code
reception of French law
civil law of Kingdom of Poland
private law of Kingdom of Poland
Kodeks Napoleona
recepcja prawa francuskiego
prawo cywilne Królestwa Polskiego
prawo prywatne Królestwa Polskiego
Opis:
The focus of our research is on the argumentation applied by this part of the Polish intellectual and legal elites, which took it upon itself to defend the French law in force on Polish territories in the most difficult moment, immediately following the collapse of the Duchy of Warsaw. On the eve of establishment of the Kingdom of Poland, the further fate of Napoleonic Code and of its accompanying French codes seemed set in stone. The new ruling elites, headed by Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, secured the approval of tsar Alexander to abrogate the laws in place as quickly as possible. The prevailing atmosphere of hostility toward all things French and revolutionary left no illusions as to the further fate of Napoleonic codes and, moreover, made it difficult for anyone to defend this codifi cation openly, as it was deemed foreign to Polish customs and traditions. The proposal to retain it could not withstand the confrontation with the catchy idea of replacing it with a national codification. How was this situation faced by such outstanding lawyers as Antoni Bieńkowski, Jan Wincenty Bandtkie or Antoni Wyczechowski, who on the one hand appreciated the quality, modernity and universality of French codes, as well as the fact that the process of their adaptation on the Polish territories had been bringing some effects over the recent years, and who on the other hand noticed the lack of alternatives to the difficulties posed by creating a similar work referring to the heritage of Polish legal culture?
Przedstawione w artykule badania obejmowały argumentację, jaką posługiwała się część polskiej elity intelektualnej i prawniczej, podejmująca się w najtrudniejszym momencie – bezpośrednio po upadku Księstwa Warszawskiego – obrony obowiązywania francuskiego prawa na ziemiach polskich. U progu powstania Królestwa Polskiego dalszy byt Kodeksu Napoleona oraz towarzyszących mu kodeksów francuskich wydawał się przesądzony. Nowa elita rządząca, na czele z ks. Adamem Jerzym Czartoryskim, uzyskała akceptację cesarza Aleksandra I na możliwie jak najszybsze uchylenie obowiązujących praw. Panująca atmosfera niechęci do wszystkiego, co francuskie i rewolucyjne, również nie pozostawiała złudzeń odnośnie do dalszych losów napoleońskich kodeksów i co więcej – utrudniała zajmowanie otwartego stanowiska w obronie kodyfikacji słusznie uznawanej za obcą polskim zwyczajom i tradycjom. Hasło jej utrzymania nie wytrzymywało konfrontacji z nośną ideą zastąpienia jej kodyfi kacją narodową. Jak w tej sytuacji radzili sobie tacy wybitni prawnicy jak Antoni Bieńkowski, Jan Wincenty Bandtkie czy Antoni Wyczechowski, którzy z jednej strony doceniali jakość, nowoczesność i uniwersalizm francuskich kodeksów oraz fakt, że proces ich adaptacji na ziemiach postępował już nie bez efektów od kilku lat, a z drugiej – dostrzegali brak rozsądnej alternatywy wobec trudności, jakie wiązałyby się ze stworzeniem podobnego dzieła odwołującego się do dziedzictwa polskiej kultury prawnej?
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego; 2018, 21; 73-88
1733-0335
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“I am not waiting for money. I just want vindication and a basic apology”. Policies of “rehabilitation” of the Pomaks from Blagoevgrad region after the fall of the communist regime
Autorzy:
Pashova, Anastasiya
Vodenicharov, Petar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22409202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Pomaks
Bulgaria
law
political and civil rehabilitation
criminalisation
repression
circumcision
Pomacy
Bułgaria
prawo
rehabilitacja polityczna i obywatelska
kryminalizacja
represje
obrzezanie
Opis:
In 1991, Bulgaria adopted the Law on Civil and Political Rehabilitation of Persons Repressed under Communism. The law came into force only in 1993 and continued until 1996. The article critically analyses the law and points out its undemocratic character in relation to the Pomaks, victims of the violant assimilation, the so called “revival” process. The Ordinance to the Law puts the victims in the position of seeking proof of innocence from the same repressive authorities that persecuted and killed them. The approved, but mostly rejected Decisions of the Municipal, District and Central Commissions, are analyzed and kept in the State Archive – Blagoevgrad (SAB) and Central State Archive – Sofia (CSA). The article traces the tendency of the Commissions to reject applications for rehabilitation of Pomaks, affected by the worst cases of murder and imprisonment during the name change.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2023, 4(39); 76-94
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BGHSt 20, 22 und die Neubürger-Klausel des deutschen Strafanwendungsrechts – ein deutsch-polnischer Fall schreibt Rechtsgeschichte bis heute
The judgment of the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) from the 4th September 1964 and the "New Citizenship Clause" as part of the German law of jurisdiction in criminal cases – a German-Polish case and its implications for the legal development
Autorzy:
Heger, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Federal Court of Justice
New Citizenship Clause
criminal cases
German-Polish case
Opis:
In its judgment of the 4th September 1964 the German Federal Court of Justice had to deal with a German-Polish case of murder. The accused persons were members of the German minority in Poland and lived in the Western part of Poland, when German troops occupied that territory in the autumn of 1939. Short after the invasion they killed the members of a Jewish family living in the same territory. Both, the perpetrators as well as the victims were Polish nationals, when the crime was committed. The perpetrators have got the German nationality in the following. It is not clear, whether they have been naturalized by German authorities during WW II, but if not, they were seen as German nationals with the Getting-into-Force of the German Basic Law (Constitution), because they were refugees from Poland to Germany. Therefore, Article 116 § 1 Basic Law naturalized them as German nationals. For the criminal case it was crucial whether the later naturalization can give the German Justice system jurisdiction over a case which happened before the perpetrator has reached the German nationality, as it was (and still is) stated in section 4 (resp. today section 7) of the German Criminal Code. The paper should deal with the implications of this so-called "New Citizenship Clause" and with the circumstances of the case and the following cases at Western German Courts against German people for committing murder in the occupied Polish territories during WWII. Shortly after the named case, the Auschwitz trial started in Frankfurt. On that background, the paper reflects on the situation between West and East Germany as well.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2020, 19, 2; 141-160
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

    Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies