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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Evaluating the environmental costs in Poland of city buses meeting the Euro VI norm based on tests in real operating conditions
    Autorzy:
    Rymaniak, Łukasz
    Fuć, Paweł
    Lijewski, Piotr
    Kamińska, Michalina
    Daszkiewicz, Paweł
    Ziółkowski, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223940.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    evaluating the costs
    city buses
    exhaust emissions
    HDV
    RDE
    PEMS
    ocena kosztów
    autobusy miejskie
    emisje spalin
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the environmental costs which consisted of determining the annual cost for gases and particles released into the atmosphere by city buses meeting the Euro VI norm. To this end, exhaust emissions of a city bus equipped with a conventional drive system were performed. The vehicle had a length of 18m and was powered by a CI engine with a swept volume of 10,5 dm3, with a maximum power of 240 kW. In order to measure the ecological indicators, tests were performed in real driving conditions using the PEMS system. The apparatus made it possible to measure the concentration of gaseous compounds and particulate matter in the exhaust, which made it possible to determine the road exhaust emissions of the tested vehicle. The research was carried out on a test route including urban and suburban roads in accordance with legislative guidelines. The measurements showed that the bus met the exhaust emission limits determined on the basis of measuring windows defined in relation to the work generated by the drive system. In addition to information on the emissivity of the vehicle, the annual emissions from city buses meeting the Euro VI standard in Poland were also estimated. The information contained in the central vehicle register for the number of vehicles registered in Poland that meet the latest emission standards has been used for this purpose.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2019, 52, 4; 109-115
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluating the efficiency of continuous handling means
    Autorzy:
    Marczuk, A.
    Misztal, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    efficiency evaluation
    continuous transport
    exploitation costs
    Opis:
    The handling operations are the inseparable element of production processes. The percentage of this type of work, in reference to other production activities, can reach even high levels bringing the increase of expended costs. The capital consumption of handling works affects the improvement of a proper selection of means to assure the production profitability. An important issue of selecting the handling means is based on their work efficiency evaluation. The paper contains the description of the software (developed at The University of Life Sciences in Lublin), that would be helpful in solving the real problems associated with the selection of the continuous handling means used for works planned to do during a production process. The described software is an application consisting of forms that reflect divisions of means for continuous handling and connected databases for storing auxiliary information and results of calculations performed. The principle of the software is based on making calculations of the work efficiency as well as exploitation costs for continuous handling means. Additional values are: ease of data input and search for means characterized by possibly the lowest exploitation costs. Correctness of the software functioning was verified on an example related to comparison of three conveyor types.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 265-271
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyniki badań wartościowania procesu obsługi technicznej ciągników rolniczych o różnym poziomie wykorzystania
    Studies on evaluating the technical service and maintenance of agricultural tractors at differentiated level of their usage
    Autorzy:
    Grześ, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239071.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    ciągnik rolniczy
    obsługa techniczna
    koszty
    naprawa
    poziom wykorzystania
    ekstrapolacja
    agricultural tractor
    technical service
    repair costs
    level of usage
    extrapolation of costs
    Opis:
    Dokonano ekstrapolacji kosztów napraw w miarę starzenia ciągników rolniczych i przepracowanych przez nie godzin. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zaobserwowano, że w początkowym okresie wykorzystania badanych ciągników rolniczych koszty napraw uzyskane z ekstrapolacji są mniejsze w porównaniu z kosztami teoretycznymi o 0,37-7,84 złźh-1, w zależności od typu ciągnika. Po przekroczeniu przez badane ciągniki 40-50% potencjału eksploatacyjnego następuje wzrost kosztów napraw uzyskanych na podstawie ekstrapolacji, który zależnie od typu ciągnika wynosił 0,09-2,21 złźh-1.
    The study dealt with an extrapolation of repair costs for agricultural tractors along with their getting old and the number of hours they worked out. On the basis of obtained results it was stated that in the initial period of using tractors their repair costs, determined by extrapolation, were lower than the theoretical costs by 0.37 to 7.84 PLN/ha, depending on the type of tractor. After the tested tractors crossed over 40-50% of their operation potential, the repair costs determined by extrapolation increased by 0.09 to 2.21 PLN/ha, depending on the type of tractor.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej; 2009, R. 17, nr 4, 4; 45-50
    1231-0093
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The selection of an LNG terminal location by evaluating its potential impact on marine environments, safety, and costs
    Autorzy:
    Jurić, Majda
    Dundović, Čedomir
    Perić, Tina
    Jelić-Mrčelić, Gorana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175552.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    LNG terminal
    marine environment
    PROMETHEE method
    GIS
    expert analysis survey
    Adriatic Sea
    Opis:
    In this paper, a new multi-step approach for the selection of an LNG terminal location (for offshore terminal, onshore terminal, or floating storage regasification unit – FSRU) was presented based on the holistic evaluation of the impacts of the potential LNG terminal. The first step was to divide the entire observed area of the Adriatic Sea of the Republic of Croatia into smaller areas by using the geographic information system (GIS) and then selecting areas where the installation of an LNG terminal was technically feasible based on the pre-elimination criteria. Potential LNG terminal areas were selected by taking into account all pre-elimination criteria, and 14 areas were selected by using pre-elimination criteria in a GIS smart chart tool that enabled the analysis of spatial data. The second step involved analyzing the elimination criteria of the 14 areas selected in the first step by pre-elimination criteria analyses. Six potential LNG terminal micro-locations were selected based on the defined elimination criteria. In the third step, these six micro-locations were evaluated by experts by using 38 specific sub-criteria classified into five distinct groups: economic (11 sub-criteria), ecological (13 sub-criteria), safety (4 sub-criteria), traffic connection (6 sub-criteria), and gas needs (4 sub-criteria). The fourth step involved making a multi-criteria expert analysis of the six locations selected in the previous step (for onshore terminals, offshore terminals, and FSRU) for the analysis of three different scenarios by the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METhod of Enrichment Evaluation) method. In every scenario, one group of sub-criteria was selected as the most important according to its cumulative relationship with the other groups of criteria (scenario 1 – economic group; scenario 2 – ecological group; scenario 3 – safety group). A different importance (weight) was given to each of the sub-criteria. The methodology presented in this paper can also be used for decision-making processes for other marine and coastal activities, where incorporating an ecosystem approach is necessary for taking into account safety and project costs; however, the selection of pre-elimination criteria, elimination criteria, and sub-criteria should be carefully adjusted to other situations or activities.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2021, 68 (140); 26--37
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena tempa zmian kosztów produkcji drewna "przy pniu" i cen surowca drzewnego w latach 2001-2009 na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Zielonej Górze
    Evaluating variation in logged timber costs and raw timber prices during the period, 2001-2009, for the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Gora
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Kaciunka, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1316105.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    produkcja lesna przy pniu
    produkcja drewna
    koszty produkcji
    drewno
    sortymenty drewna
    ceny
    zmiany cen
    RDLP Zielona Gora
    forest management
    economics
    marketing
    prices
    costs
    rate of growth
    Opis:
    The rate of change in the cost of logged timber and prices of raw timber during the period, 2001-2009, was examined for the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra. A logarithmic evaluation of average rate of change indicated that the rate of increase in timber harvest costs was higher than the rate of increase in the average price of raw timber and likewise the price of most log grades. The average increase in raw timber value was 2.51% annually. The price of low-diameter raw timber (slash) increased 8.61%, and the price of large-diameter timber increased 1.94% annually, while the price of large coniferous segments increased 1.75% and broadleaf segments increased 2.98% annually. At the same time, the timber logging costs increased more than the timber price, to 4.17%, or 4.19% when administrative costs related to timber logging are included.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 1; 55-60
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena wpływu wybranych zabiegów hodowlanych i typów siedliskowych lasu na koszt pozyskania surowca drzewnego w czyszczeniach i trzebieżach
    Evaluating the impact of silvicultural treatments and forest habitat type on the cost of timber harvest in cleanings and thinnings
    Autorzy:
    Adamowicz, K.
    Gostołek, R.
    Jaszczak, R.
    Szczypa, P.
    Szramka, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    zabiegi hodowlane
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    koszty
    trzebieze
    czyszczenia pozne
    forest economics
    forest habitat type
    costs
    silviculture
    Opis:
    Integrating the economic aspects of forest management (cost) with ecological elements of timber production (habitat type) significantly contributes to a better understanding of forest growth and utilisation. The type of silvicultural treatments and forest habitat types determine number of economic activities carried out in the stands and have an important impact on the associated costs. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of silviculture treatments and types of forest habitat on unit timber harvesting cost. We summarised the cost of timber logging depending on the harvest practices and types of habitats. In total, costs of treatments performed on the 2.5 thousand ha area were analysed. Obtained results were combined in relation to average unit costs of raw timber logging from individual habitats and silviculture treatments such as late cleanings and thinnings. The studied impact was assessed with standard deviation (SD) based on the assumption that the higher its value, the more important role of silvicultural treatments and forest habitats in defining the cost of raw timber harvesting. Our study showed that both factors (type of forest habitat and silvicultural treatment) had an effect on variability of timber logging costs. Comparing deciduous and coniferous habitats, higher costs were reported for the latter one. The highest unit cost of timber logging was found on the fresh coniferous habitat, while the lowest on the wet mixed forest. Moreover, the highest cost was reported for timber raw material harvested from late cleanings and the lowest from late thinnings. SD of the average cost of timber harvest ranged from 12.67 to 13.53 PLN depending on the silviculture treatments and from 0.68 to 2.39 PLN depending on the forest type. Our findings are important preliminary steps in broader study regarding revenues generated from forest stands growing on different habitats. Eventually it would help in assessing the profitability of economic activity that depends on environmental conditions of forest management.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 12; 993-1001
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metodyka oceny realnych kosztów profilaktyki i leczenia w zakresie inwazyjnych chorób zwierząt użytkowych oraz opłacalności tych zabiegów. Konferencja okrągłego stołu "Metody oceny strat ekonomicznych powodowanych przez pasożyty zwierząt użytkowych", Warszawa, 22 III 1974
    The methods of calculation the costs prophylaxis and medication of parasite diseases in domestic animals; profitability of control. Round Table Conference: " Methods of evaluating of economic losses caused by parasites of domestic animal", Warsaw, 22 III 1974
    Metodika ocenki realisticheskikh izderzhek profilaktiki i terapii v predele invazionnykh zabolevanijj potrebitel'nykh zhivotnykh, a takzhe rentabel'nosti ehtikh meroprijatijj. Konferencija kruglovo stola: "Metody ocenki ehkonomicheskikh ubylejj vyzvannykh parazitami potrebitel'nykh zhivotnykh", Varshava, 22 III 1974
    Autorzy:
    Kołacz, J.W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1975
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 1975, 21, 2; 329-333
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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