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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 526
Tytuł:
Non-extensional equality
Autorzy:
Troelstra, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364713.pdf
Data publikacji:
1975
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 1974-1975, 82, 4; 307-322
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The equality of dimensions
Autorzy:
Nagami, Keiô
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363977.pdf
Data publikacji:
1980
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Fundamenta Mathematicae; 1980, 106, 3; 239-246
0016-2736
Pojawia się w:
Fundamenta Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolność i równość społeczna
Social freedom and equality
Autorzy:
Mazurek, Franciszek Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1873019.pdf
Data publikacji:
1981
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
The author concentrates upon three problems: social freedom, social equality and the relation between the two notions (consensus or discrepancy). According to the author social freedom is realized in human rights to freedom. Social freedom is confined by unjust socio-economic and political structures, and economic underdevelopment: famine, poverty, diseases, illiteracy and the like. The realization of social freedom depends not only on the socio-economic development of a country but also on the moral maturity of all citizens, especially those wielding power. The author rejects the thesis of individualism which states that the freedom of one man confines the freedom of another man. Other men and various communities, including the state, are necessary to release freedom. Social freedom develops from the mutual participation in the inner freedom of individuals in a concrete socio-economic situation. It is realized in the state and through the state. The "confinement” of freedom on the part of the state should be carried out in the name of social freedom itself and the common good. The author also shows the existence of the interdependence of freedom and property. The process of the dissemination of private property is parallel to the process of gaining independence i.e. freedom. This principle is also valid with reference to international relations. Countries dependent economically on other countries are also politically dependent. The author thinks that it is difficult to define equality because it has a number of dimensions: ontological, socio-legal, economic, cultural and political. Equality' can be interpreted as the state of reality or a moral standard, the principle of law or the principle of the organization of economic and political life. The basis of equality in all these dimensions is human dignity. All people are equal in this respect but there are many natural differences such as: the difference in intelligence, industry, sex, health, energy. These differences result also from the process of socialization and the ability to take right decisions. Discussing social equality the author emphasizes the equal participation of citizens in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the state. The emphasis put on participation and responsibility allows the author to show not only ' the passive but also the dynamic elements of social equality. The author formulates three theses: 1) The existing natural inequalities among people lead to social inequalities. There have always been tendencies to subject other individuals (even outstanding ones) and whole social groups by breaking moral rules. The socio-economic and political system itself, in accordance with the moral principles it is based on, produces social inequalities and reinforces them. 2) It is necessary that the democratic state should represent the stable power that would preserve the social inequalities resulting from the natural differentiation of contribution to the common good, but to eliminate the inequalities originating from breaking moral rules and prevent their production by socio-economic structures. Human dignity, which must always be put before natural random differences, demands equalization whereas the random natural differences demand differentiation in dividing the national income and in other spheres. Authors who maintain that there is an antagonism between freedom and equality are accused of making a methodological mistake lying in the fact that behind the facade of basic values they try to hide the egoistically protected interests of individuals, social groups and even whole nations. The author thinks that freedom and equality are interdependent and complementary. They result from human dignity, they are justified by it and serve to protect it. Freedom and equality are realized in human rights. Human rights are complementary (they constitute a unity). Unlimited freedom leads to inequality and negation of freedom itself. Extreme egalitarianism destroys freedom and breaks equality. Into the discussion of the two systems-freedom or equality-Catholic social science introduces the concept of the unity of human rights.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 1981, 9; 215-251
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New cases of equality between p-module and p-capacity
Autorzy:
Caraman, Petru
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1312444.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
p-capacity
p-module
Opis:
Let E₀, E₁ be two subsets of the closure D̅ of a domain D of the Euclidean n-space $ℝ^n$ and Γ(E₀,E₁,D) the family of arcs joining E₀ to E₁ in D. We establish new cases of equality $M_pΓ(E₀,E₁,D) = cap_p(E₀,E₁,D)$, where $M_pΓ(E₀,E₁,D)$ is the p-module of the arc family Γ(E₀,E₁,D), while $cap_p(E₀,E₁,D)$ is the p-capacity of E₀,E₁ relative to D and p > 1. One of these cases is when p = n, E̅₀ ∩ E̅₁ = ∅, $E_i = E'_i ∪ E''_i ∪ E'''_i ∪ F_i$, $E'_i$ is inaccessible from D by rectifiable arcs, $E''_i$ is open relative to D̅ or to the boundary ∂D of D, $E'''_i$ is at most countable, $F_i$ is closed (i = 0,1) and D is bounded and m-smooth on (F₀ ∪ F₁) ∩ ∂D.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1991, 55, 1; 37-56
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„III koszyk” KBWE − na drodze do równości i praw w Europie
CSCEs "Third Basket of Currencies" on the Way to the Equality of Rights in Europe
Autorzy:
Menkes, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861259.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
Equality among people is treated as a value expressed in the normative language as the principle of the euqality of rights. However, when we interpret the principle of the equality of rights we often tend to indetify it with the principle of the equality towards rights. Thus we loose its broad dimension combining the equality towards rights with the equality of legal protection. The analyses of the phenomenon of discrimination have lost the discrimination due to the criterium of citizenship which is derivative of the legal protection of the basic human rights and basic freedoms in various countries. A "justification" for this differentiation was, among other things, inclusion of humna rights within the exclusive internal competence of the State, or consent to the existence of "divergent conceptions of human rights". A particular example of the territorial breach of the equality of rights was Yaltan Europe. It was the third basket of the Final Act of CSCE that the process of forming a uniform European standard of human rights was initiated. Combining two problems: hukanitarina with security and cooperation created the baiss for the pact agreement. Implementing the third basket (imperative in the system of political norms) did not run a uniform course and underwent "political disturbances". It did initiate the process of unification: first the philosphicla bases of human rights (Madrid); by solidifying the normative regime which was resultant of the transference of norms from the system of political norms to the system of legal norms (Vienna); establishing controling institutions which resluted in a common regime of human rights in the territory of CSCE. Simultaenously there appeared new threats to the individual’s rights connected with the conflicts in this region. In order to prevent them and solve CSCE had to call up institutions and mechanisms of the protection of minorities, local people, migrate workers, refugees and displaced persons (perceiving in the encroachment on their rights the source of tensions and conflicts). They create new spheres of legal activity of institutions and organizations of CSCE and a new stage of the development of the international law (toward the law of humanitarian intervention).
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 1995, 1; 69-85
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Równe prawa, równe szanse? − Z zagadnień równości praw kobiet i mężczyzn
Equal Rights, Equal Chances. On The Questions of Equality Between Women and Men
Autorzy:
Fuszara, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861101.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
The paper discusses the problem how is the basic principle binding in democratic societies being realized, what is citizens’ equality and lack of discrimination in view of sex. Despite many declarations contained in the law binding during the communist period there was no real equality between women and men in Poland. The rate of women, despite that they are better educated than men, and despite that their participation in the labour market is very high, was in the communist period and is now very low at executive posts. Their incomes were and are ca by 30% to 40% lower than men’s incomes. The participation of women in the authorities is also very low, and that both in the local authorities, in the Sejm and in the government. Despite the declaration of equality irrespectively of their sex the Polish legal system contains a series of regulations which introduce inequality between men and women. As an example here we may quote the regulations which define e.g. jobs forbidden to women or allowing only women to take doctor’s leave to take care about the sick child. These regulations are illegitimately called women’s "privileges". In fact they confine the freedom of choice accorded to individuals as regards their job. Parents are also limited in their choice of the person to take care about their child, imposing respective duties on women exclusively. The inequalities created in the old system are accompanied now by the new ones, connected with the new economic system. Women are burdened with the higher costs of transformation of the economic system, to a greater extent they are concerned with unemployment, their chances on the labour market are limited, and women take less part in the formation of the new economic sphere. This situation calls for new strategies which would change this state of affairs. It must be many-sided actions; one of their important elements should be the introduction of the laws of equal chances of men and women.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 1995, 1; 341-354
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 526

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