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Tytuł:
New Old Wars – Asymmetric Acts of War in the 21st Century
Autorzy:
Ho Thanh, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
modern warfare
asymmetric threat
classic wars
economy of war
Opis:
The end of the twentieth century wars initiated a paradigm shift. Conflicts that emerged at the end of the last century and developed in the early 21st century revealed new aspects of the armed struggle. The classic perception of war has been blurred. In place of the bipolar symmetry appeared asymmetric threats. The former state monopoly on the use of force was lost. Some new members of armed conflict appeared, traditional battlefield setting disappeared and progressive imbalance between the parties for the disposition of potential violence leads to inequality and instability in the world. Asymmetry became a main factor in determining the image of modern warfare.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 59-82
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Michał Sokolnicki, Gospodarka międzywojennego Płocka, Płock 2014
Michał Sokolnicki, The inter-war economy of Płock, Płock 2014
Autorzy:
Sokolnicki, Michał
Gołębiewski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie
Źródło:
Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego; 2015, 60, 4(245); 47-50
0029-389X
Pojawia się w:
Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concepts for reconstruction of the maritime economy of the polish underground state in the years 1940–1944
Autorzy:
Chrzanowski, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Polish Government in exile
maritime economy
maritime infrastructure
reconstruction of post-war economy
Opis:
The regaining of the country’s independence, and then its revival after the war damages, including itseconomic infrastructure – these were the tasks set by the Polish government in exile, first in Paris and thenin London. The maritime economy was to play an important role here. The Polish government was fullyaware of the enormous economic and strategic benefits resulting from the fact that it had a coast, withthe port of Gdynia before the war. It was assumed that both in Gdynia and in the ports that were to belongto Poland after the war: Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, Gdańsk, Elbląg, Królewiec, the economic structure was to betransformed, and they were to become the supply points for Central and Eastern Europe. Work on thereconstruction of the post-war maritime economy was mainly carried out by the Ministry of Industry, Tradeand Shipping. In London, in 1942–1943, a number of government projects were set up to rebuild the entiremaritime infrastructure. All projects undertaken in exile were related to activities carried out by individual underground divisions of the Polish Underground State domestically, i.e. the “Alfa” Naval Department of the Home Army Headquarters, the Maritime Department of the Military Bureau of Industry and Trade of the Head of the Military Bureau of the Home Army Headquarters and the Maritime Department of the Department of Industry Trade and Trade Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Poland in Poland. The above mentioned organizational units also prepared plans for the reconstruction of the maritime economy, and the projects developed in London were sent to the country. They collaborated here and a platform for mutual understanding was found.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica; 2020, 24, 324; 142-151
2081-3333
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procesy globalizacji gospodarki światowej po II wojnie światowej
The Process of the Globalisation of World Economy After World War Two
Autorzy:
Jóźwik, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
globalizacja
globalizacja gospodarki światowej
liberalizacja handlu międzynarodowego
liberalizacja przepływu zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich
globalisation
globalisation of world economy
liberalisation of international trade
liberalisation of the transfer of foreign direct investments
Opis:
The paper characterises the process of the globalisation of world economy after World War Two, focusing on its specific properties in particular decades of the twentieth century. In the first years following the Second World War trade dominated in the international relations. In the 1970s and 1980s the prime mover of the process of globalisation was played by the international capital transfer. From the mid-1980s, however, it was investigations of international corporations and technology transfer that became important. In line with the globalisation of world economy there is a process of economic integration, the process that accelerates the expansion of international corporations abroad.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 3; 207-223
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapaści gospodarcze na polskiej wsi w XVII i XVIII wieku a postulaty historii ratowniczej. Przykład starostwa krzeczowskiego
Economic crises in the Polish countryside in the 17th and 18th centuries and the demands of rescue history. The example of the Krzeczów starosty
Autorzy:
Kuc, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
rescue history
farm and serf economy
rural communities
economic crisis
war damage
historia ratownicza
gospodarka folwarczno‑pańszczyźniana
społeczności wiejskie
kryzys ekonomiczny
zniszczenia wojenne
Opis:
Research on the economy of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth usually follows one of two paths: searching for the genesis of the crisis of the farm and serf economy or estimating the scale of war damage. Is it possible to join these two paths and present a complex model of the functioning of local communities during the crisis? Can it be used in the field of the rescue history?
Źródło:
Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 311-325
0073-277X
Pojawia się w:
Historyka studia metodologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GOSPODARKA I SPOŁECZEŃSTWO CARSKIEJ ROSJI WOBEC PRZYSZŁEJ WOJNY TOTALNEJ. PREDYKCJE JANA GOTTLIEBA BLOCHA
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY OF TSARIST RUSSIA TOWARDS THE FUTURE TOTAL WAR. PREDICTIONS OF JOHN BLOCH
Autorzy:
Pieczewski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
World War I
economy of Tsarist Russia
John Bloch
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present John Bloch’s (1863–1902) analysis contained in the book Future War. This analyses concerns the behavior of Russian economy and society in the context of future total war (WWI). The author concludes that Tsarist Russia should better overcome war difficulties than other Western European countries. His claims were based on assumptions that societies of richer countries would hardly bear the inconvenience the war brings them. The poorer and less civilized Russian society and less developed Tsarist economy could bear more. Therefore Bloch claimed that the threat of socialist revolution refered more to Western Europe. His predictions turned out to be false. Financing and food supply for the large Russian army led to the impoverishment of society and hunger. As a result, the socialist revolution broke out in Tsarist Russia.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 2; 113-125 (13)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How is the post-pandemic economy transforming into a post-war economy in Ukraine: challenges for economic policy and society?
Autorzy:
Moskalenko, Oleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2054033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-14
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
multiple macroeconomic shocks
a pandemic
(post)-military economy
W-form of economic recovery
volunteer economy
Opis:
The article considers the specifics of the Ukrainian economic transformation under the impact of recent macroeconomic shocks, i.e. the world pandemic and the war. The main goal of the research is the analysis of the challenges to the Ukrainian economy and society under the pandemic and the military aggression and economic policy instruments that the government used. An analysis of the new business cycle for Ukraine in W-form is presented with an explanation of the recovery trajectories, where international economic support plays its significant role The directions of and financial resources for the recovery of Ukraine's post-war economy have been identified, including international assistance from partner countries (EU members, USA, and others), international organizations (IMF, World Bank Group, UNDP), and the Solidarity Fund that is going to be created. Preliminary estimates of damage to transport and social infrastructure, housing, and other material losses, as well as the problem of forced emigration of Ukrainian citizens are presented in this-article. The paper includes the IMF's assessments of how the war in Ukraine impacts the global economy and its practical recommendations for monetary and fiscal policies for governments.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2022, 86, 1; 9-32
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economy and Society of Afghanistan - a Special Case of the 'Dutch Disease'
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942367.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
economic monoculture
economic reconstruction
war
Opis:
In the article the social and economic transformation of Afghanistan is examined in a historical perspective. The author notices that Afghanistan's trajectory of development, since the modernization of the country began in the 19th century, has eventually produced the state of so-called 'Dutch disease', that is, a relationship between the increase in exploitation of natural resources and a demise of the manufacturing sector. In the Afghani case, the natural resources' responsible for halting industrialization are narcotics (opium), on the global exports of which the entire local economy became strictly dependent. The author names number of reasons behind such a direction of development, including political, economic, an cultural factors but remains skeptical about possible ways out of that developmental trap.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2012, 3, 6; 69-92
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Redefinition of Foreign Policy of the United States since Trump’s Election: The Case of Trade War with China
Autorzy:
Jaskuła, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Trade War
China
USA
Trump
Florida
Louisiana
Kentucky
Foreign Policy
Global Economy
Opis:
The main aim of this text is to present economic relations between China and the US today. The election of Donald Trump in 2016, significantly redefined American trade policy toward China. Despite the first months of his presidency, which promised an efficient, long-term cooperation between Beijing and Washington, incumbent president decided to implement severe restriction on the trade with China at the beginning of 2018. However, the announced imposition of tariffs on almost all goods coming from this country could interfere with the growth of the single states and the economy of the whole country in the future. Therefore the text is aimed to investigate the  ependency of selected states on the inflows of Chinese investments since 2010. Finally, it is necessary to examine the phenomenon of the trade war, which has begun in July 2018, and assess its impact on the growth of both countries.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2019, 23, 1; 161-182
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What Shall We Do with Our Boys? An Impact of the GI Bill on the US Economy
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conversion
GI Bill
Post-war economy
Roosevelt
I24
N32
N42
Opis:
The GI Bill of Rights (The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) was a comprehensive program to aid returning veterans in their speedy readjustment to a civilian life. Its role was also to enable the veterans to fit them into the civilian economy. In the first part of the text, the economic and political context of the discussion around the Bill is discussed. The author refers to the popular belief that the end of the war was expected to result in the return of another economic depression. The latter was to be deepened by winding down war production and speeded up by returning servicemen. The text examines how the Bill was to tackle that challenge. The main body of the article is built around the analysis of the provisions of the Act that relate to the benefits for the former soldiers. This includes a mustering-out pay, education benefits, medical care for the disabled in the war, unemployment insurance, an allowance credit and pensions for disabled veterans. The requirements, terms of funding and sum of benefits are presented and discussed. The last part concludes with the general remarks about the significance of the Bill and its contemporary perception in the USA.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of thematic contents of Nigeria’s print media: An assessment of selected national newspapers
Autorzy:
Adeyemi, Aderogba
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Politics
corruption
crime
economy
mass media
press
terrorism
war
Opis:
Nigeria is a nation that has failed to utilize its great potentials even though the country is blessed with vast human and material resources. Nigeria is yet to find its footing more than 60 years after independence. Apart from the period of 30 - month civil war that raged between 1966 and 1970, the present period is perhaps the most challenging. This study examines the focus of the print media in line with agenda setting and gate keeping functions of the mass media in the face of all of the challenges facing the country. It is interesting to know the importance attached to issues/topics covered by newspapers in terms of frequency of coverage. Research method adopted for this study is content analysis. The study revealed that economy, politics, sport and international news are regarded most important with 26.5%, 23.6%, 7.4% and 5.9% coverage respectively. Share of materials on terrorism is 1.4% while corruption has a meagre 0.9% share. There is need for re-orientation of the press in the face of current challenges of Nigerian nationhood. The press needs to accord priority to issues that are considered to be of national importance. Traditional focus of Nigerian mass media needs to shift radically.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2020, 147; 45-60
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w strukturze gospodarczej Niemiec hitlerowskich w latach 30. XX w.
Changes in the economic structure of Nazi Germany in the 1930s
Autorzy:
Klimiuk, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
Niemcy hitlerowskie
gospodarka wojenna
produkcja zbrojeniowa
Plan Czteroletni
zwalczanie bezrobocia
polityka samowystarczalności
autarkia
planowanie
Nazi Germany
war economy
arms production
Four-Year Plan
combating unemployment
self-sufficiency policy
autarky
planning
Opis:
Autor artykułu analizuje zmiany w strukturze instytucjonalnej oraz funkcjonalnej gospodarki, jakie nastąpiły w Niemczech hitlerowskich w latach 30. XX w. Ich celem było m.in. wzmocnienie roli państwa w życiu gospodarczym bez demontowania podstaw gospodarki kapitalistycznej, w tym własności prywatnej. Rola rynku jako regulatora procesów gospodarczych została znacznie ograniczona, ale nie zlikwidowana. Hitler otrzymał pełnomocnictwo do całkowitej przebudowy gospodarki Niemiec, która miała charakter kierowanej, czyli w praktyce państwo stosowało szeroki interwencjonizm obejmujący centralizm, planowanie i kontrolę państwową. W ramach faszystowskiego korporacjonizmu reglamentowano produkcję poszczególnych towarów oraz ograniczono działanie rynku. W październiku 1936 r. państwo hitlerowskie rozciągnęło interwencjonizm na wszystkie dziedziny gospodarki przez proklamowanie II Planu Czteroletniego oraz mianowanie nowego Komisarza do spraw Cen, którego zadaniem była już nie kontrola cen lecz ich wyznaczanie połączone z prawem „użycia wszystkich potrzebnych środków dla zabezpieczenia sprawiedliwych cen”. Głównym celem II Planu Czteroletniego było wyposażenie niemieckich sił zbrojnych w broń oraz przygotowanie Niemiec pod względem gospodarczym do prowadzenia wojny. W przygotowaniach gospodarki niemieckiej do wojny po ogłoszeniu II Planu Czteroletniego wyróżnia się jeszcze dwa podokresy. Pierwszy trwał do 1938 r., a głównym celem gospodarki było dążenie do samowystarczalności, jednak bez zmiany profilów produkcyjnych. Drugi okres rozpoczął się w 1938 r., kiedy gospodarka niemiecka weszła w stadium bezpośrednich przygotowań wojennych. Bezwzględny priorytet uzyskała wtedy produkcja na potrzeby wojenne.
The article analyzes the changes in the institutional and functional structure of the economy that took place in Nazi Germany in the 1930s. strengthening the role of the state in economic life without, however, dismantling the foundations of the capitalist economy, including private property. The role of the market as a regulator of economic processes has been significantly reduced, but not eliminated. Hitler was given a power of attorney to completely rebuild the economy of Germany, which was in the nature of a managed economy, that is, in practice, the state applied interventionism, including centralism, planning and state control. As part of fascist corporatism, the production of individual goods was rationed and the operation of the market was limited. In October 1936, the Nazi state extended interventionism to all areas of the economy by proclaiming the Second Four-Year Plan and by appointing a new “Price Commissioner” whose task was no longer to control prices, but to set them together with the law of “using all necessary means to secure fair prices”. The main goal of the Second Four-Year Plan was to equip the German armed forces with weapons and to prepare Germany economically to wage war. Two more sub-periods are distinguished in the preparation of the German economy for the war following the announcement of the Second Four-Year Plan. The first one lasted until 1938, and the main goal of the economy was self-sufficiency, but without changing production profiles. The second period began in 1938, when the German economy entered the stage of direct war preparations. Production for war needs was then given absolute priority.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka; 2022, 1(70); 57-86
1733-8050
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozycja gospodarcza Wielkiej Brytanii a statystyka dynamiki wojen 1816-1913
Economic Position of the United Kingdom and the Statistics of War Dynamics in Years 1816-1913
Autorzy:
Krupa, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
wojna
gospodarka
Wielka Brytania
cykl
statystyka
war
economy
the United Kingdom
cycle
statistics
Opis:
Badania naukowe zawarte w treści artykułu odnoszą się do zagadnień relacji zachodzącej pomiędzy pozycją gospodarczą mocarstwa dominującego (w tym przypadku Wielkiej Brytanii okresu XIX wieku, od ery post-napoleońskiej do roku poprzedzającego wybuch I wojny światowej) a dynamiką ilościowych zmian zachodzących w ramach zjawiska wojny. Metody badawcze naznaczonych relacji mają charakter ścisły, empiryczno-naukowy, statystyczno- matematyczny, ogólnie odwołujący się do ram metodologii filozofii fizykalnej. Struktura badań, w pewnej swej mierze, wpisuje się, jako proces weryfikacyjny i eksploracyjny, do ram teorii głoszących uniwersalizm, powtarzalność czy cykliczność procesów międzynarodowych.
The research contained in the article refers to the relation issues between the position of the economic power of the dominant empire (in this case the UK from the 19th century, from the post-Napoleonic era to the year preceding the outbreak of World War I) and the dynamics of quantitative changes taking place within the war phenomenon.. The test methods of the marked relations have a scientific, empirical, statistical and mathematical character, generally referring to the framework of the methodology of physical philosophy. The structure of the research, to some of its extent, fits, as the process of verification and exploration, to the theory framework which preaches universality, repeatability and cyclical nature of international processes.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2018, 12, 1; 237-247
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ wojny na prawodawstwo antylichwiarskie w pierwszych latach II Rzeczypospolitej (1918–1921)
The influence of war on anti-usury legislation in the first years of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1921)
Autorzy:
Pokoj, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
war
economy
usury
speculation
war usury
Second Polish Republic
wojna
gospodarka
lichwa
spekulacja
lichwa wojenna
II Rzeczpospolita
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the issue of the influence of war on anti-usury legislation in the first years of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1921). The four years of World War I resulted in a major economic crisis and long-lasting shortages of numerous commodities, including raw resources and life necessities. This situation was a serious threat for the reborn Polish state therefore forced Polish legislator to react. As soon as on 5th December 1918 a decree on war usury was issued. Regulation in the field of war usury consisted of several types of illicit acts and basic rules of a particular procedure which was supplementary to common penal procedures. The main aim of the anti-usury legislation was to mitigate the negative consequences of shortages of goods caused by war. The economic impact on legislation was even more distinct in the Bill on combating war usury of the 2nd July 1920 which was the main anti-usury legislation in the interwar period as it remained in force until 1938
Głównym celem niniejszego artkułu jest analiza problematyki wpływu wojny na regulacje antylichwiarskie w pierwszych latach II Rzeczypospolitej (1918–1921). Cztery lata I wojny światowej skutkowały znaczącym kryzysem ekonomicznym oraz długotrwałym niedoborem licznych dóbr, w tym surowców oraz artykułów pierwszej potrzeby. Ta sytuacja stanowiła poważne zagrożenie dla odrodzonego państwa polskiego, co zmusiło polskiego prawodawcę do reakcji. Już 5 grudnia 1918 r. został wydany dekret o lichwie wojennej. Regulacje składały się z kilku typów czynów zabronionych i przepisów szczególnych w dziedzinie postępowania karnego. Głównym celem przepisów antylichwiarskich było złagodzenie negatywnych następstw braku dóbr spowodowanego wojną. Wpływ gospodarki na prawodawstwo był jeszcze bardziej widoczny w ustawie z dnia 2 lipca 1920 r. o zwalczaniu lichwy wojennej, która była najważniejszym aktem w dziedzinie przeciwdziałania lichwie w II RP, jako że obowiązywała do 1938 r.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego; 2018, 21; 181-192
1733-0335
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Hunów w Europie jako przykład zderzenia cywilizacji
The activities of Huns in Europe as an example of a clash of civilizations
Autorzy:
Gralak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
clash of civilizations
migrations
Huns
war economy
Opis:
The result of the military, political and economic activity of the Huns in Europe was the depopulation of vast areas, massive ethnic changes, and the destruction of many previous political organisms. The question arises as to why they were so successful. They had knowledge and skills that were alien to the European civilization of that time but perfectly known among the nomadic population of Central Asia and China. Therefore, their activity can be seen as a confrontation of different cultural models. In this sense, it was a clash of civilizations – almost in a sense proposed by S. Huntington.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2023, 28; 25-54
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przedmiot ekonomii politycznej w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów liberalnych okresu międzywojennego
The Subject of the Political Economy as Approached by the Polish Economists of the Inter-War Period
Autorzy:
Godłów, Janina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/906559.pdf
Data publikacji:
1982
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The conceptions of the Polish liberal economists are quite differentiated - starting with the orthodox liberalism of Krzyżanowski and Heydel, through the moderate liberalism of Taylor and Zawadzki, to the distinctly neoliberal concept of the social liberalism of Zweig. This differentiation is already reflected in their approach to the political economy subject. Krzyżanowski and Heydel treat the economy as a science dealing with the principle of efficient management, and in line with the trend prevailing in the burgeois economy they absolutize the technical side of production and fetishize the economic relatione. Taylor criticizes a view that the scope of the political economy is determined by the principle of efficient management, and making reference to Smith he claims, that the economy is a science dealing with the social income. Zweig, on the other hand, shares a view being similar to the Marxist approach when stressing the social character of the economy and calling it even the economic sociology.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 1982, 21
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investment codes of the protected areas: A new look at benefits
Autorzy:
Nikolaychuk, Tetyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
protected areas
renovation economy
investment code
post-war period
local communities
investment puzzle of a region
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the protected areas (PAs) as investment codes, and their position in the investment landscape of the region as well as in the context of a balanced and eco-oriented postwar market. The authors conducted a quantitative literature review to investigate the market and investment flows, and they used a comparative method to identify the main vectors for renovating the postwar eco-oriented market, attracting investment flows and adapting these tools to the Ukrainian economy. The study reveals that investment coding can be a digital tool for attracting potential investors to cooperate by providing access to important information such as economic, ecological, and statistical data. The introduction of investment coding can increase the amount of investments in the field of protected areas, allowing for faster turnover and more efficient use, and enabling national and foreign investors to enter a renewed eco-oriented area of the national economy, increase profits, and diversify risks. The paper suggests a bilateral business system for the PAs, consisting of both traditional and digital business models. The authors argue that private legal investment tools can stimulate the development of new vectors of entrepreneurial activity, including inclusive eco-business. Overall, this paper highlights the potential benefits of investment coding and private legal investment tools for the development of protected areas and eco-business in the region, and offers insights for policymakers and investors looking to promote sustainable economic growth.
Źródło:
Academic Review of Business and Economics; 2022, 3(2); 97-118
2720-457X
Pojawia się w:
Academic Review of Business and Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Państwowego Banku Rolnego w Generalnej Guberni
The Activity of the National Bank of Agriculture in the General Government
Autorzy:
Kłusek, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
World War II
economy of General Government
banking
credit
agriculture
Opis:
In this article we try to estimate the activity of the banking institution in the General Government which used the pre-war apparatus of The National Bank of Agriculture. The bank was one ofthe largest banks realising the aim delineated by the government of the Second Polish Republic, such as the support of agricultural reform in the mid-war period. German authorities in the General Government used assets of the bank for other tasks. They were eager to use The National Bank of Agriculture and the Polish staff employed in the bank in order to liquidate fast and effectively the mid-war assets of the bank. Leaving The National Bank of Agriculture was also good for Polish staff in the bank. Raising pre-war debts was the only way to guarantee salary and pensions forthe employees of the National Bank of Agriculture and taking care of them in the hard life of occupation. The activity of the National Bank of Agriculture in the General Government was also profitable for a part of debtors as they could pay the pre-war credits earlier. One reason for agriculture farms becoming poorer and even ruined was war actions and the occupation. However, the farmers could save money and gather capital more easily. When they often sold food in secret, they got a large amount of money. In many cases, paying back the pre-war debt was the only reasonable way of getting rid of almost valueless money, although it did not mean that it was done without doubts. In the beginning, many people claimed that they would give it back to whom they had borrowed from. However, after a while the patriotism of farmers who were debtors was overcome by the willingness to have no debts and leave children in a new condition. The period of German occupation and increasing inflation was used for paying back the debt in valueless money, not only by farmers but also by owners of the large mansions such as Earl Adam Branicki.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2013, 16; 227-238
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the green transition and the energy crisis: Ukrainian scenario of circular economy development
Autorzy:
Reznikova, Nataliia
Zvarych, Iryna
Zvarych, Roman
Ivashchenko, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10096819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-24
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
circular ecomomy
green transition
energy crisis
russian -ukrainian war
humanitarian crisis
global inclusive circular ecomomy
Opis:
The aim of the article is to minimise the impact of the energy crisis on the environment as one of the ways of getting rid of carbon footprints resulting from the growth of the russian energy and building a circular sustainable ecosystem in Ukraine. Therefore, the study proposes a classification of green inflation and singles out the following forms of its manifestation: 1) as a reaction to irresponsible management; 2) as a reaction to an attempt to implement large-scale projects aimed at decarbonisation within strict time limits; 3) as a reaction to the strengthening of business standards, which the end consumer will have to pay for. The paper determines the impact that the war has on the practice of applying resource nationalism associated with a wide variety of modern global problems. Discussions focus particularly on the following topics: the ‘resource curse’, the growing concern of the OECD countries. The paper identifies the dominant diversification tendencies in the EU in terms of the circularity of the economy. The proposed concept of a global inclusive circular economy can be considered as a complex multidimensional system, whose main components are based on the economic, sociological, environmental and circular aspects of life.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 1; 45-62
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O naruszaniu podstawowych zasad postępowania naukowego. “Wzgórze przeznaczenia archeologii” górą skandalu
Autorzy:
Kolb, Frank
Mrozewicz, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
TROY
ARCHAEOLOGY
HOMER
ILIAD
TROJAN WAR
MYTH OF TROY
MEDIA
POLITICS
ECONOMY
MANIPULATION
Opis:
The article discusses ethical aspects and thoroughness of scientific research on the example of German excavations in Troy, conducted in 1988 by a team from Tübingen University. The author demonstrates how archaeologists became entangled in various relationships with polictical and economic circles, which subsequently yielded an interpretation of findings which ensured financial and media support. The text is an emphatic call for independence and objectivity of scientific investigations that should remain free of any pressure. Although the paper relies on an example from the milieu of archaeologists. historians and classical philologists, the appeal of the authors is a universal one. 
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2014, 9; 219-243
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reconstruction of war damaged buildings - a problem that still stands. The case of the national economy bank in Warsaw restored during the second world war
Naprawa uszkodzeń powstałych w wyniku bombardowania - problem (znowu) aktualny. Przykład budynku banku gospodarstwa krajowego odbudowanego w czasie drugiej wojny światowej
Autorzy:
Łotysz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/395868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
reconstruction
war damages
reinforced concrete
modernism
remont
uszkodzenia wojenne
modernizm
Opis:
The Polish national historiography remains silent on the reconstruction of damaged towns and cities that was undertaken by the German administration after capturing Poland in September 1939. This paper, on the war-time restoration of the National Economy Bank’s headquarters in Warsaw, is an attempt to at least partially fill the gap. Designed by celebrated architect Rudolf Świerczyński in the late 1920s in accordance with contemporary air raid defence regulations, it was bombed and nevertheless seriously damaged during the September Campaign. Under the German management of the bank, the building was reconstructed and even modernized by commissioned Polish engineers.
Artykuł dotyczy remontu budynku Banku Gospodarstwa Krajowego w Warszawie, uszkodzonego w wyniku bombardowań w trakcie kampanii wrześniowej 1939 roku. Budynek w stylu modernistycznym wzniesiono według projektu Rudolfa Świerczyńskiego w końcu lat 20. XX wieku. Budynek spełniał wymogi stawiane obiektom wznoszonym w dobie zagrożenia nalotami bombowymi. Wybuch wojny światowej wkrótce zweryfikował słuszność tych założeń. Remont budynku banku będącego wówczas pod zarządem niemieckim przeprowadzili polscy inżynierowie i polskie firmy budowlane.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2016, No. 23(4); 111-123
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antyliberalizm i kolektywizm. Polityka i gospodarka od II wojny światowej do lat siedemdziesiątych na przykładzie polskich programów powojennej odbudowy
Anti-liberalism and Collectivism. The Politics and Economy from World War II to 1970s, based on Example of Polish Reconstruction Plans Written during the War
Autorzy:
Leszczyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
polityka gospodarcza
etatyzm
nacjonalizacja
komunizm
planowanie gospodarcze
economic policy
statism
nationalism
communism
planned economy
Opis:
Anti-liberalism and Collectivism. The Politics and Economy from World War II to 1970s, based on Example of Polish Reconstruction Plans written during the War The article is an attempt at reconstructing the views and motivations of statism, nationalization and the planned economy – dominant in the world economy (including in the so-called capitalist world) from the 1930s, and particularly after World War II. The author invokes one little-known example of particular interest to the Polish reader, that of the manifestoes of underground political parties written during World War II, both under occupation and in emigration. They all envisions fundamental changes in Poland’ s economic structure after the war: both the left and the right (while differing significantly) assumed a greater role for economic planning and nationalization of key industries (including banking, transport, energy and large industrial enterprises). Authors from the left to the right side of the spectrum associated the free market with irrationality, ineffeciency and chaos. Without an understanding of this state of mind, it is impossible to understand economic policy from the end of World War II until at least the 1970s.
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2015, 1(25); 131-143
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja wojen walutowych w globalnej gospodarce. Analiza Renminbi, Amerykańskiego Dolara oraz Euro
The Concept of Currency Wars in the Global Economy. Observations of the Renminbi, American Dollar and Euro
Autorzy:
Jach, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
wojna walutowa
gospodarka
Chiny
Stany Zjednoczone
strefa euro
euro
renminbi
dolar
Currency war
economy
China
United States
euro area
dollar
Opis:
The following article analyses the factors that trigger a currency war and its impact on the economy. The situation on the United States – Chinese front is difficult since both countries are struggling to keep the exchange rate as low as possible. Decisions for maintaining these goals are not simple and often lead to a deterioration of the economy. The situation on the United States – Euro Area front is also dramatic as the euro is currently facing a large debt crisis. Furthermore, years of living beyond their means has led to the current situation. More and more countries are facing a fear of insolvency, scared investors are withdrawing their funds and putting them in better, much safer investments. Figures as well as detailed descriptions will give the reader a better understanding of the mechanisms and objectives behind the initiating of a currency war.
Artykuł przedstawia mechanizmy działania wojny walutowej oraz analizuje konkurencyjną dewaluację dolara względem euro i juana. Dla lepszego zrozumienia owych mechanizmów, przedstawiona została podstawowa definicja oraz podział kursów walutowych na płynne i stałe. Zarówno model Mundella-Fleminga, jak i model AA-YY w warunkach płynnego kursu walutowego pokazują, jak kurs walutowy powinien się zachować podczas prowadzenia ekspansywnej polityki monetarnej, która jest jednym z narzędzi stosowanych podczas prowadzenia wojny walutowej. Część empiryczna artykułu ukazuje związki pomiędzy prowadzeniem polityki nastawionej naobniżenie kursu waluty krajowej a jej realnym wypływem na zwiększenie eksportu.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2013, 4, 7; 175-191
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aspekty ekonomiczne i społeczne wojen bałkańskich 1912-1913
The economic and social aspects of the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars
Autorzy:
Dymarski, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
economy
costs of war
refugees
Wojny Bałkańskie
gospodarka
koszty wojenne
uchodźcy
Opis:
At the dawn of the XXth century the Balkan countries were intent on waging war against Turkey. In the preparation period, however, they had severely exceeded their economic and demographic capabilities. The arms production consumed vast amounts of money, leading to an extraordinary debt of the Balkan states. The 1912-1913 wars have proved to be a veritable ordeal for the economies of the involved countries as well as their social endurance. This great sacrifice was supposed to further the national goal of defeating Turkey and finally establishing the inter-state borders, even in the face of an impending economic collapse. The Balkan conflicts turned into a war of attrition, a harbinger of what was to come during the World War I. The pre-war efforts and the cost of the actual warfare brought Bulgaria, Greece,Serbia, Montenegro as well as Turkey to the brink of economical breakdown and major social turbulence. The calling of 1.3 million men to arms resulted in halting the industrial production and an agricultural crisis in the countries of the Balkan Alliance. The civilian transport sector was non-existent (since all the means and assets had been requisitioned by the military) which proved fatal to the commerce. This in turn greatly diminished the states’ tax income, further worsening the financial repercussions of the war. The number of soldiers fallen, wounded or killed by cholera were reaching hundreds of thousands. Due to the harsh war conditions and the lack of suitable attention many of the wounded have become disabled, which banned them from the work market and doomed them to social benefits. Amongst the consequences of the war were also migrations of the civilians, forced by the war itself and the following border changes. The Christian refugees alone numbered hundreds of thousands, while any real means of administering to the basic needs of the displaced masses were actually non-existent. On the Muslim side the losses amounted to 620,000 Turkish soldiers and civilians. A further 440,000 have been displaced and moved to Anatolia. Moreover the pillage, the atrocity, as well as the destruction of private property have engraved the feelings of mutual hatred and longing for a vendetta in the minds of the Balkan people.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 221-230
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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