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    Tytuł:
    Проблемы реализации экономических интересов основных субъектов социально-трудовых отношений в условиях модернизации экономики
    Problems of realizing economic interests of the main social entities within labour relations in the conditions of economic modernization
    Autorzy:
    Teron, Irina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1826480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uczelnia Warszawska im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie
    Tematy:
    economic interests
    Ukrainian economy modernization
    interesy gospodarcze
    modernizacja ukraińskiej gospodarki
    Opis:
    The article is devoted to research of the economic interests under the conditions of Ukrainian economy modernization. Contents and contradictory interaction of economic interests of employees, employers and the state are considered. The satisfaction level of economic interests employees on the economic activities and regions is analyzed. The implementation problems of labour market agents in terms of their influence on the process of modernization economy are determined.
    Artykuł jest poświęcony badaniom interesów gospodarczych w warunkach modernizacji ukraińskiej gospodarki. Omawia treść i wzajemne sprzeczne oddziaływanie gospodarczych interesów pracowników, pracodawców i państwa.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Warszawskiej im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie; 2013, 1(39); 109-124
    1897-2500
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Warszawskiej im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Węgiel w polsko-radzieckich stosunkach gospodarczych
    Coal in Polish-Soviet economic relations
    Autorzy:
    Kaliński, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    PRL
    USSR
    economic relations
    war reparations
    foreign trade
    ZSRR
    stosunki gospodarcze
    reparacje wojenne
    handel zagraniczny
    Opis:
    W stosunkach gospodarczych między PRL a ZSRR ważne miejsce zajmował polski węgiel. Jego bogate zasoby stanowiły istotny element polityki radzieckiej wobec Polski. Bezpośrednio po wojnie dostawy czarnego paliwa na Wschód były rodzajem kontrybucji. Władze radzieckie tłumaczyły je swoimi stratami w reparacjach wojennych w wyniku przekazania Polsce niemieckich ziem nad Odrą i Nysą Łużycką, zwłaszcza silnie uprzemysłowionego i posiadającego bogate zasoby naturalne Śląska. Związek Radziecki nie powstrzymał się także przed bezpośrednim przejęciem części polskich złóż węgla na Lubelszczyźnie w wyniku wymuszonej w 1951 r. korekty granicy państwowej. Dostawy w latach 1946 –1953 węgla „reparacyjnego” po zaniżonych cenach przyniosły Polsce poważne straty finansowe i hamowały rozwój stosunków gospodarczych z państwami Zachodu. Niekorzystny ekonomicznie był także eksport węgla w ramach umów handlowych zawieranych od 1945 r. Władze radzieckie narzucały zarówno nadmierne kwoty dostaw, jak i trudne warunki finansowe. Od 1949 r. wykorzystywały w tym celu mechanizm cenowy i kursowy stosowany w ramach podległej Moskwie Rady Wzajemnej Pomocy Gospodarczej. Tylko w latach 60. był on korzystny dla Polski, zaś w następnych dekadach przynosił straty. Wymuszony w całym okresie PRL eksport węgla do ZSRR powodował deficyt paliw na rynku krajowym, utrudniał wykorzystanie istniejącego potencjału gospodarczego i utrzymanie odpowiedniego poziomu życiowego ludności. Transformacja ustrojowa po 1989 r., która wprowadziła regulacje rynkowe do handlu zagranicznego, spowodowała załamanie eksportu węgla do ch ylącego się ku upadkowi ZSRR.
    Polish coal played an important role in economic relations between the People's Republic of Poland and the USSR. Its resources constituted an important element of the Soviet policy towards Poland. In 1946–1953, the forced deliveries of black fuel were a kind of donation. The Soviet authorities explained them with losses in war reparations as a result of the transfer of German lands on the Oder and Nysa Łużycka to Poland, with rich coal resources in Silesia. The Soviet Union also did not refrain from taking over some of the Polish coal deposits as a result of the forced correction of the borders in the east in 1951. Deliveries of "reparative" coal at lower prices brought Poland serious financial losses and inhibited the development of economic relations with Western countries. The export of coal under trade agreements concluded from 1945 was also economically unfavorable. The Soviet authorities imposed both excessive quotas and difficult financial conditions. From 1949, for this purpose, they used the price and exchange rate mechanism applied by the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Only in the 1960s did it become beneficial for Poland, and in the following decades it brought losses. The export of coal to the USSR, which in the 1980s amounted to 30% of total exports, caused a deficit of fuels on the domestic market, made it difficult to use the existing economic potential and maintain an adequate standard of living of the population. The political transformation after 1989, which introduced market regulations to foreign trade, led to the collapse of coal exports to the USSR.
    Źródło:
    UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 2021, 20, 3; 93-112
    2543-8379
    Pojawia się w:
    UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Principle of Subsidiarity as a Valuable Benchmark in the Regulation of Economic Relations
    Autorzy:
    Kondratienė, Virginija
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652631.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    the principle of subsidiarity
    state governance
    regulation of economic systems
    the concept of social rule-of-law state
    Opis:
    The principle of subsidiarity can be an effective tool for adjusting economic systems and establishing the social rule-of-law concept in public organisation. In considering the usability of the principle of subsidiarity, the following aspects thereof are discussed: the role in the development of the European social model; employment in determining limits for the powers of the public and private sectors; the application in the market and planned economy systems; and the social justice function in the development of a social welfare state. The principle of subsidiarity as an instrument for individuals’ interests, balancing and adjusting in the regulation of economic systems, helps to establish the relative sizes of public policy and the market, as subsidiarity can help ensure a more equitable distribution of public goods while guaranteeing the maintenance of the creative potency of operators and minimal satisfaction of vital needs of individuals unable to contribute to the production of goods. It amounts to a constitutional measure determining the balance of productive and protective state, thus ensuring the stability of the state organisation. In the concept of a social rule-of-law state, subsidiarity draws clear limits to the state’s powers, institutionally bringing together efforts of all members of the community to achieve welfare in the state.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2014, 17, 4
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of seaport development on the social environment: a case study of a port city with low unemployment and dominating tourism function
    Autorzy:
    Pluciński, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135098.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    seaports
    port cities
    socio-economic relations between seaports and port cities investments in seaport infrastructure
    container terminal
    Świnoujście
    Opis:
    The issue of the impact of seaports on their direct vicinity has been repeatedly addressed in the academic literature. The developed merits of their impact is mainly related to employment in the port/port cluster, the seaport’s share of the municipality’s labour market, and the added value produced by the port/port cluster or the volume and structure of uncompensated flows into the municipality’s budget on account of the port’s operations. This article is aimed at providing an answer to the question of how to evaluate the impact of a new investment project in a seaport on its direct vicinity in a situation of low unemployment in the port’s municipality and the dominating tourism function in its economy. The research methodology was based on a single case study of the city of Świnoujście and the seaport in Świnoujście; the dominating economic function of this municipality is tourism. Moreover, it is the location of one of the four seaports with primary significance for the national economy. The development plans for the Szczecin & Świnoujście Seaports Authority include the construction of a deepwater container hub terminal. The investment will have an impact on the local social environment. The results of the conducted research studies are presented in the article both in a traditional approach enumerating the benefits of such an investment project for the local environment, as well as proposing a new approach to the evaluation of its benefits (inter alia, providing employment opportunities for people who so far have been forced to look for jobs outside the municipality and the long-term unemployed, preventing young and educated people from moving out of the municipality, attracting new inhabitants, improving the employment-to-population ratio, and stopping the city’s population ageing).
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2019, 60 (132); 161-167
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Social-and-economic order of organizational interaction in the systems of production management
    Autorzy:
    Lobanova, Alla
    Tulenkov, Mykola V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410147.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    STE GROUP
    Tematy:
    social order
    social-and-economic order
    social organization
    organizational interaction
    production management
    ownership relations
    Opis:
    The results of social-and-economic order analysis in the context of formation and representing organizational interaction between managing subjects of production management are considered in the article. It was proved that social-and-economic order, as a type of social order, is acting as the determinative prerequisite of formation efficient organizational interaction in any system of present-day management. It was well-grounded that social-and-economic order of organizational interactions is caused by economic requirements and economic interests of production subjects has a relevant legal content, and its determinative element stands for ordering ownership relations, i.e., order between people as far as owning and managing means of production are concerned. The author’s models of representing organizational interaction in the systems of production management depending on forms and methods of division relations of ownership for means of production are presented in the article.
    Źródło:
    Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2019, 2 (27); 93-99
    2299-0461
    Pojawia się w:
    Management Systems in Production Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sektorowe charakterystyki państw UE wobec alternatywy konkurencyjność – spójność społeczna
    Sectoral Features of EU Countries in the Face of the Alternative Competitiveness – Social Cohesion
    Autorzy:
    Cyrek, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942893.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    cele polityki społeczno-gospodarczej
    modernizacja
    relacje strukturalne
    branże wiedzochłonne
    branże usługowe
    aims of socio-economic policy
    modernisation
    structural relations
    knowledge-intensive branches
    service branches
    Opis:
    Procesy modernizacji gospodarek obejmują zmiany relacji sektorowo-branżowych, które współcześnie ukierunkowane są na rozwój dziedzin związanych z modelem usługowej gospodarki opartej na wiedzy. Dynamiczne przekształcenia strukturalne wspierane są w ramach prowadzonej przez państwo polityki społeczno-gospodarczej. Jej realizacja wymaga jednak ustalenia hierarchii celów rozwojowych, które w praktyce mają często charakter alternatywny. Takie cechy wydają się przejawiać cele stymulowania konkurencyjności oraz zapewniania spójności społecznej. Ich go-dzenie na gruncie polityki sektorowej jest jednak, zdaniem autorki, zadaniem możliwym pod warunkiem właściwej identyfikacji tych branży, które łączą pozytywne oddziaływania w sferze produkcji oraz w sferze stosunków społecznych. Wobec powyższego w opracowaniu dokonano charakterystyki cech strukturalnych państw UE z punktu widzenia ich współzależności z poziomem wypracowywanej produkcji oraz dystry-bucją dochodów. Zidentyfikowane zostały branże o najsilniejszych związkach z tak rozumianą konkurencyjnością i spójnością społeczną. Są to przede wszystkim dziedziny wiedzochłonne i usługowe. Negatywne relacje z punktu widzenia możliwości łączenia celów konkurencyjności i spójności odznaczają zaś sektor rolnictwa oraz przemysły nisko zaawansowane technologicznie. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano także syntetyczną ocenę zaawansowania sektorowego po-równywanych gospodarek zakładając możliwość harmonizowania efektywności i sprawiedliwości społecznej. W tym celu zastosowano taksonomiczną metodę wzorca rozwoju, w której zagrego-wano zmienne wykazujące się istotną korelacją zarówno z poziomem PKB per capita, jak i współ-czynnikiem Giniego dla rozkładu dochodów. Najlepsze wyniki w ramach otrzymanego rankingu państw UE osiąga Szwecja, a także Wielka Brytania i Luksemburg. Ranking zamykają Rumunia, Bułgaria i Polska.
    Processes of economic modernisation cover changes in sectoral relations, that nowadays are directed at development of branches connected with a model of service economy based on knowledge. Dynamic structural transformation is supported within the frames of state socio-economic policy. However, its realization requires to set up hierarchy of developmental goals, that in practice often takes an alternative character. Aims of stimulation of competitiveness and achieving social cohesion seem to reveal such features. Their harmonization within sectoral policy constitutes, by the author, a task possible to realise under conditions of proper identification of the branches which connect positive influences in a sphere of production and in a sphere of social relations. Thus, structural features of EU countries were characterised in the study, taking into account their relations with a level of production and an income distribution. There were identified some branches with the most significant connections with competitiveness and social cohesion under-stood in such way. That are, first of all, knowledge-intensive activities and service branches. Nega-tive relations considering possibilities to connect aims of competitiveness and cohesion character-ise sector of agriculture as well as low knowledge-intensive industries. In the study there was also presented a synthetic evaluation of sectoral advancement of the compared economies, assuming that it is possible to harmonize efficiency and social justice. To fulfill this task a taxonomic method of development model was used, in which features that were essentially correlated simultaneously with GDP per capita and Gini coefficient of income distribution were aggregated. The best results in the constructed ranking of EU countries achieve Sweden, United Kingdom and Luxembourg. The ranking is closed by Romania, Bulgaria and Poland.
    Źródło:
    Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2014, 37; 104-122
    1898-5084
    2658-0780
    Pojawia się w:
    Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relacje między wartościami społecznymi i ekonomicznymi w ujęciu socjologicznej koncepcji Floriana Znanieckiego
    Relations between social and economic values in terms of the sociological concept of Florian Znaniecki
    Autorzy:
    Sajdera, Jolanta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-27
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN
    Tematy:
    Florian Znaniecki
    wartości społeczne
    wartości ekonomiczne
    urynkowienie edukacji
    social values
    economic values
    marketization of education
    Opis:
    The work is devoted to the analysis of the Florian Znaniecki’s idea of the relationships between two systems of values – the social one and the economic one. The presented analysis focuses on the Znaniecki’s theses in the reference to the current market approach to education.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2021, 44; 71-80
    0137-9585
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Pedagogiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępczość w rejonach uprzemysławianych i zależność dynamiki przestępczości od dynamiki procesów społeczno-gospodarczych (lata 1958-1960 oraz 1964-1966)
    Delinquency in regions under intensified industrialization and the relations between the dynamics of delinquency and the dynamics of socio-economic processes (1958-1960 and 1964-1966)
    Autorzy:
    Mościskier, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1969
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    przestępczość
    nieprzystosowanie społeczne
    przemysł
    uprzemysłowienie
    crime
    social maladjustment
    industry
    industrialization
    Opis:
    The study consists of two parts. The first part is concerned with the development of delinquency in 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes, whereas the other part deals with the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and the dynamics of delinquency, against the background of all the provinces in Poland. The studies discussed in both parts have been based on the police statistics of offences reported on and they embrace two periods: 1958-1960 and, 1964-1966. I. To illustrate a socio-demographical character of the 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes, in addition to a periodization of the industrialization processes, presented by Professor J. Szczepański, also a scheme of socio-demographic processes in regions under industrialization programmes, prepared by Professor Rajkiewicz, has been taken into account. Stages of industrialization on the regional levels, differentiated by Professor J. Szczepański, are as follows: 1. Planning, which includes only those tasks which are considered indispensable for preparing an all-aspect industrialization plan on the particular region's level. 2. Construction of new industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premises. 3. Initial start of new industrial plants and completion of substantial auxiliary premises. 4. Achievement of stabilization and the new balance of conditions. In Piofessor A. Rajkiewicz's scheme of socio-demografic processes in regions under industrialization programmes, the following components have been differentiated (according to their growing intensification): migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour, employment mobility (chiefly consisting in frequent changes of places of employment by unskilled labour), achievement and improvement of occupational skill, crew forming in new places of employment. Empirical indices have been determined for such processes and it has been ascertained at the same time, that both intensification and dynamics of migration processes, activation of unemployed labour and employment mobility, generally speaking, achieved greatest intensity in stages of construction of industrial objects and of initial start of new industrial plants (especially in its primitive phase). On the other hand, the processes of achievement and improvement of occupational skills as well as that of the formation of crews in new places of employment were particularly characteristic for the stage of stabilization and new balance of interhuman relations. Problems of migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour as well as the problem of employment mobility, are related with the increased horizontal mobility. Since their nature consists either in mass migration or in frequent changes of places of employment by unskilled labour, therefore, those processes lead to the relaxation of environmental ties and to the slackening of social control over the individuals concerned. Thus, such processes may favour the development of certain forms of social disorganization including the intensification of delinquency. The processes of achievęment and improvement of occupational qualifications by those employed in the national economy or the processes of crew forming in new places of employment substantially consist in achieving a mass advance of individuals within a social structure and create conditions capable of developing stabilized communities with a normally functioning social control. Therefore, such processes may be recognized to be one of the social vertical mobility forms which consists in a mass advance of social nature in the population of the region concerned. Such a phenomenon should exercise some inhibitive influence on any signs of social disorganization and, consequently, on a decrease in delinquency.  The abovementioned hypotheses have been confirmed by the findings obtained from the investigations of the development of delinquency observed in 4 regions under intensified industrialization programmes. To begin with, the total delinquency rates and dynamics in the regions in question were confronted with those in the provinces concerned. As for 1964-1966, it had been found that delinquency rates in the regions under industrialization programmes were considerably higher than those in the provinces. The total delinquency rate per 10 thousand inhabitants of the regions under industrialization programmes was 131.89 while that of the provinces concerned - 104.10. The biggest difference was found in the offences against social property, the rates having been 34.01 and 20.75, respectively; a significant difference was also found in robberies (1.06 against 0.66), clerical offences, very severe and severe bodily injury and offences against private property. Having confronted the delinquency dynamics between 1958-1960 and 1964-1966, it has been established that in the latter period, the rates of delinquency had considerably increased in the regions under industrialization programmes and showed simultaneous decrease in the provinces concerned. The general delinquency rates in the regions increased by 19.9 percent and those in the provinces decreased by 11.4 per cent. In the regions under industrialization programmes, the highest increase was noted in the robbery rate, namely by 165.0 per cent, against that by 46,7 per cent in the provinces; next came offences against social property (an increase in rate by 55.9 per cent in the regions and a decrease by 12.7 per cent in the provinces), finally, offences against private property (an increase in rate by 16.9 in the regions and a decrease by 16.9 per cent in the province). Of particular importance seems to be a finding from that analysis which concludes that the increase in delinquency in the particular regions of intensified industrialization programmes appears to be closely related with the industrialization stages achieved in those particular regions, on the one hand, and with the intensity or-some of the abovediscussed socio-economic processes, on the other. In 1964-1966, out of the four studied regions under intensified industrialization programmes, the first one reached the stage of construction of industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premises, the second and the third - were in the course of the initial start of new industrial plants and the completion of substantial auxiliary premises, and in the fourth one - stabilization and new balance of conditions was partially achieved. At the same time, in the first three regions, one observed considerable intensity of migration processes, occupational activation of unemployed labour and employment mobility which - as has already been mentioned - were connected with the increased social horizontal mobility. However, in the fourth region, the intensity of such processes was already considerably lower though other processes manifested themselves more clearly, namely the processes of achievement and improvement of occupational skills by those employed in the social economy as well as the process of the formation of crews in new places of employment, i.e., those processes which owing to the nature of the mass social advance are one of the forms of social vertical mobility. In 1958-1960 and 1964-1966, in the first three regions of intensified industrialization, there was an apparent increase in delinquency rates, especially in the latter period, in which the regional rates were considerably higher than the provincial ones. But at the same time in the fourth region, there was an evident decrease in delinquency rates and as for 1964-1966, the rates were even lower than in the province concerned. It may then be assumed that it is only two stages of intensified industrialization which might be recognized as those whięh favour an increase in delinquency rates, namely: the stages of construction of new industrial objects and of the initial start of new plants. The most rapid increase in delinquency rates is observed in the course of a few years after capital investments have been commenced, i.e. in the stage of construction of new industrial objects and in the early stage of the initial start of new industrial plants. It should be expected that higher rates of delinquency in the regions of intensified industrialization have a temporary character only, connected with greater social horizontal mobility and will certainly decline in accordance with the intensification of the processes of social advance of the population concerned. II. In the second part of the study, the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and that of delinquency have been analysed on the basis of the material collected from all the provinces in Poland. 79 variables were used in the analysis, including 15 concerned with delinquency. The rate was defined as a per-cent increase or decrease in the individual variables values in 1964-1966 against 1958-1960 (the value of the variable for 1958-1960 was 100 per cent). A method by J. Perkal, a Polish mathematician, was used, the so called ,,analysis of a set of characteristic" which is a simplification of L. L. Thurstone's multiplefactor analysis. 18 factors, referred to as processes, were obtained. 6 of these are particularly important for the topic of this study. Before we proceed with the discussion of the findings of that analysis mention must be made of the fact that in Poland, as compared with 1958-1960, a general decrease in the number of offences took place in 1964-1966. This is reflected in the formulations, concerning the relationships between the dynamics of socio-economic processes and that of delinquency, where mostly a slower or quicker decease in the number of offences, connected with the given process, is mentioned and not an increase of the delinquency itself. First of all, let us list three essential processes - from the industrialization and urbanization problems point of view - which in the light of the analysis failed to have shown any significant relation with the delinquency dynamics: 1. The rate of the economic development of the provinces (it should be noted, however, that there is a slight dependence between that process and an increase in juvenile delinquency). 2. The rate of the industrialization progress in the provinces. 3. The rate of the increment of the urban population in the provinces (it should be pointed out that recently in Poland, contrary to many other countries, migration to towns, having to a considerable extent been limited and controlled, essentially consists in a migration of experts wanted for the national economy). Let us mention now three socio-economic processes whose relationships with the delinquency dynamics are apparent: 4. A process, clearly marked in certain provinces, characterized by swift increment of the density of population, showing stabilization in a majority of branches of the national economy, (except for an increase in agricultural production), a process which, as compared with other provinces, is connected with a slower decrease in general delinquency, and especially with a decrease in offences against social or private property and in very severe or severe bodily injury. A swift increment of the population number which, except for agriculture, in certain areas was not accompanied by adequately swift economic progress seems to be a factor that might have a disadvantageous effect on the development of delinquency, adding in those areas to a slower decrease in delinquency rates. 5. A process, marked in certain provinces only, in which an increase in the proportion of employees of the lowest education level is observed, is connected, as compared with other provinces, with a slower rate of decrease in the total number of offences, especially of those against social or private property, on one hand, and with a quicker rate of increase in offences against public order officers and in certain offences against the person, on the other. It should be noted that that particular process is approximate in character to one which was dealt with in the first part of this study, typical for intensified industrialization, a process, manifesting itself by increased fluctuations of crews in new employment places, i.e. one of employment mobility. 6. The rate of growth of capital investments in the provinces shows a significant relationship with a quicker rate of housebreaking and a slower decrease in the number of clerical offences. An increase in the number of housebreaking is probably related to increased numbers of unskilled and ill-stabilized labour employed in capital investments. These are, in our opinion, the most important social and economic processes, differentiated as a result of an analysis of the material collected, whose relationships with the delinquency dynamics have already been discussed. First of all, most interesting is the fact that in the reporting provinces and periods of time such processes, as economic development, increased industrialization and increment of the urban population do not reveal any relationships with the delinquency dynamics. General views claiming close relations between,the processes mentioned and delinquency had somehow been shaken thereby. The final findings of our analysis have been confirmed by an undoubtful fact that in the reporting period in the province of Katowice, the most industrialized and urbanized province in Poland, there was the highest decrease in delinquency rates as compared with other provinces, and in 7964-1966, delinquency rates for the province of Katowice were much lower than the average rates for the country as a whole. It may then be assumed that there is no causation between such processes, as economic development, increased industrialization and increment of the urban population and the delinquency dynamics. Should in certain studies the two phenomena be found to appear, this would probably be due to other factors which failed to have been differentiated in the findings of such studies. Having considered the conclusions set forth in points 5 and 6, we believe that one of such factors is the social horizontal mobility which diminishes human environmental ties and limits possibilities for social control of individuals. Let us remember that point 5 was connected with a process characterized, among other things, by increased fluctuations of new plants' crews while point 6 - with a process of increased rates of capital construction where apparently, in that sort of work, poorly stabilized occupational categories are grouped. Simultaneously, both abovementioned processes reveal statistically significant connections with the delinquency dynamics. These remarks were confirmed by the conclusions drawn in the first part of this study, where it had been pointed out that increased rates and growth of delinquency in the regions under intensified industrialization programmes were related to sociodemographic processes characteristic for the social horizontal mobility. The sociodemographic processes, connected with an increased social horizontal mobility, consisting in migration and in frequent changes of employment by unskilled labour in general, are particularly intensified in an early phase of industrialization, i.e. in stages of construction, of new industrial objects and substantial auxiliary premise and of initial start of new industrial plants. But the later industrialization stages, where a phenomenon of a mass social advance of the population is observed, are not connected with increased delinquency rates.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1969, IV; 105-147
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Plato’s The Republic recovered. A few ethical, economic and social aspects in contemporary dialogues
    Autorzy:
    Głodowska, Anna
    Matera, Paulina
    Matera, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652767.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    ethics and economic relations
    Plato’s The Republic
    interpretation of Plato’s thought
    Opis:
    The main purpose of the article is the presentation and interpretation of some ethical, economic and social aspects in the works of Plato. The division of labour, wealth, the meaning of money, use of interest and paying taxes are the most interesting problems in Plato’s vision of The Republic. There one can also find some current problems such as the attitude of citizens towards their states, the ethical standards required of the authorities or the role of women. This article was written in the form of a dialogue; the same as the works of Plato.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 6; 7-20
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    KAPITAŁ RODZINY I RODZINNOŚCI W PRZESTRZENI TRANSNARODOWEJ. NA PRZYKŁADZIE BADAŃ POLSKICH RODZIN W NORWEGII
    Mass foreign mobility of Poles is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, permanently inscribed into modern Polish history. With the intensification of the processes of globalization and migration, more and more people are experiencing family life which transcends geographical boundaries, for a shorter or longer period of life. The article is based on research carried out in the framework of the international Transfam project entitled Doing family in transnational context. Demographic choices, Adaptations welfare, school integration and every-day life of Polish families living in Polish-Norwegian transnationality. The aim of the article is to analyze emotional capital as a component of social capital which builds transnational family bonds in the separation and family reunification phases from the perspective of parents and children. We assume that in the situation of migration the emotional capital is neither resource-specific to a given gender, nor is assigned to the role of the family. In transnational families both parents and children are the entities carrying emotional capital. Moreover, we claim that in the transnational space there occurs an increase in the mobilization and exchange of personal emotional capital, which translates into an increase in the supply of family and familistic capital, and consequently may contribute to the development of bridging capital. The transmission of the meaning of family, familism, relations, and migration-related emotions not only builds bridges across borders but also increases the chances for experiencing happiness and for its persistence due to gaining a sense of family closeness.
    Autorzy:
    Slany, Krystyna
    Strzemecka, Stella
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/961230.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    MIGRACJA
    RODZINA TRANSNARODOWA
    KAPITAŁ SPOŁECZNY
    TRANSNARODOWY ŁUK MIĘDZYGENERACYJNY
    EMOCJE
    PERSPEKTYWA RODZICÓW I DZIECI
    POLACY W NORWEGII
    MIGRATION
    TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY
    SOCIAL CAPITAL
    TRANSNATIONAL INTERGENERATIONAL ARC
    EMOTIONS
    PARENTS’ AND CHILDREN’S PERSPECTIVE
    POLES IN NORWAY
    Opis:
    Masowa mobilność zagraniczna Polaków jest złożonym zjawiskiem społecznoekonomicznym, trwale wpisanym we współczesną historię Polski. Wraz z intensyfikacją procesów globalizacyjnych i przepływów migracyjnych coraz więcej osób doświadcza życia rodzinnego ponad granicami geograficznymi, na krótszy lub dłuższy okres życia. Prezentowany artykuł opiera się na badaniach przeprowadzonych w ramach międzynarodowego projektu Transfam zatytułowanego Doing family in transnational context. Demographic choices, welfare adaptations, school integration and every-day life of Polish families living in Polish-Norwegian transnationality. Celem artykułu jest analiza kapitału emocjonalnego, wchodzącego w skład kapitału społecznego budującego więzi transnarodowe w fazie separacji i reunifikacji rodziny z perspektywy rodziców i dzieci. Przyjmujemy, że w sytuacji migracji kapitał emocjonalny nie jest ani zasobem konkretnej płci, ani też nie jest przypisany do danej roli rodzinnej. Podmiotami niosącymi kapitał emocjonalny w rodzinie transnarodowej są zarówno rodzice, jak i dzieci oraz inni członkowie konstytuujący rodzinę ponad granicami. Ponadto stoimy na stanowisku, iż w przestrzeni transnarodowej następuje zwiększenie mobilizacji i wymiany indywidualnego kapitału emocjonalnego, który przekłada się na zwiększenie puli kapitału rodziny i rodzinności, a w konsekwencji może przyczynić się do rozwoju kapitału pomostowego. Transmisja znaczenia rodziny, rodzinności, siły więzi oraz emocji migracyjnych nie tylko buduje mosty ponad granicami, ale i wzmacnia szanse trwania oraz odczuwania szczęścia z poczucia bliskości rodzin.
    Mass foreign mobility of Poles is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, permanently inscribed into modern Polish history. With the intensification of the processes of globalization and migration, more and more people are experiencing family life which transcends geographical boundaries, for a shorter or longer period of life. The article is based on research carried out in the framework of the international Transfam project entitled Doing family in transnational context. Demographic choices, Adaptations welfare, school integration and every-day life of Polish families living in Polish-Norwegian transnationality. The aim of the article is to analyze emotional capital as a component of social capital which builds transnational family bonds in the separation and family reunification phases from the perspective of parents and children. We assume that in the situation of migration the emotional capital is neither resource-specific to a given gender, nor is assigned to the role of the family. In transnational families both parents and children are the entities carrying emotional capital. Moreover, we claim that in the transnational space there occurs an increase in the mobilization and exchange of personal emotional capital, which translates into an increase in the supply of family and familistic capital, and consequently may contribute to the development of bridging capital. The transmission of the meaning of family, familism, relations, and migration-related emotions not only builds bridges across borders but also increases the chances for experiencing happiness and for its persistence due to gaining a sense of family closeness.
    Źródło:
    Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2016, 42, 3 (161); 255-282
    2081-4488
    2544-4972
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Embeddedness of Social and Economic Relations in Systemic Transformation. Long-Term Evidence From the Post-Communist Transition in Poland, 1988–2003
    Autorzy:
    Wilk, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-08-27
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    Friendship ties
    social networks
    status attainment
    entrepreneurship
    (dis)embeddedness of
    economic relations in social relations
    Opis:
    This paper intervenes in the Granovetter-Polanyi debate by reassessing the level of embeddedness of social and economic relations under conditions of systemic transition. Using panel data collected in Poland, this analysis examines this relationship for three distinct periods of transition: initial (1988–1993), advanced (1993–1998), and post-transitional (1998–2003). This paper shows that during transition from communism to capitalism economic relations tended to disembed from social relations, but this relationship remained significant; friendship ties were conductive to an individual upward mobility, economic well-being and entrepreneurial activity. In contrast to Polanyi’s argument, however, entrepreneurship-the most marketable area of individual advancement-is found to exhibit the highest degree of social–economic embeddedness. These results do not directly support either Polanyi’s or Granovetter’s arguments, however they do accord with a neo-Polanyian argument, as advanced in this paper.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2009, 165, 1; 81-106
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cross-border cooperation at the external border of the European Union in the context of political, economic and social conditions: the case of the Polish-Russian neighbourhood
    Autorzy:
    Batyk, Iwona M.
    Rzeczkowski, Daniel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444402.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation
    external border of the EU
    political and economic conditions
    social relations
    Opis:
    Research background: Integration and globalization processes encourage activities for the development of border regions. For the north-eastern regions of Poland and the Kaliningrad region, cross-border neighbourhood enables regions to cooperate and provides an opportunity for economic and social recovery. Purpose of the article: The present article aims to analyse areas of cross-border activity taking place on the Polish-Russian borderland, based on the opinions of the inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. Taking into account the rapidly changing political and economic conditions, as well as social relations, the following areas of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation have been examined: economic activity, tourism, social activity, scientific cooperation, neighbourly relations. Methods: The study presents the results of the author?s own research carried out using standardized interviews with 1,022 inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. As the research instrument, a self-designed interview questionnaire. The adopted time frame encompassed four stages of the functioning of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation, each of them different due to political, eco-nomic and social conditions. The sample was selected using the quota method. The correspondence analysis was used for statistical tools. Findings & Value added: The suspension of local border traffic has significantly limited the development of cross-border cooperation. The Polish-Russian relations, encumbered with high risk and uncertainty, have led to a considerable decrease in cooperation between border areas. The level of risk results not only from mutual relations between Poland and Russia, but is also a consequence of political and economic relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. In the long term perspective, local border traffic may be open and similar conditions for the functioning of cross-border cooperation may occur. Therefore, knowledge about the activity of cross-border residents of Polish-Russian border regions will be useful in counteracting the undesirable effects that may occur.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 4; 833-871
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in the incomes and expenditures of households in Poland and their regional relations
    Zmiany w zakresie dochodów i wydatków polskich gospodarstw domowych oraz ich relacje regionalne
    Autorzy:
    Leszczyńska, M.
    Kasprzyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    income and expenditure
    households
    economic standard of living
    regional analysis
    personal finances
    social inequalities
    dochody i wydatki
    gospodarstwa domowe
    ekonomiczny standard życia
    analiza
    regionalna
    finanse osobiste
    nierówności społeczne
    Opis:
    The article assesses the financial situation of households in 2000-2019 in prospect of changes of incomes and expenditures in Poland. It has been assumed, as a point of reference, that dispersion of the analysed processes is dependent on geographical area– therefore regional scale was applied. To the analysis and comparison the data from the researches on households budgets performed by GUS were used. Adopting simultaneously an econometric approach (considering the time (years 2000-2019) as independent, explanatory variable) analytical trend functions were estimated. A retrospective analysis of the incomes and expenditures of the population of Poland indicates the growing trends. Regional comparative analysis of households allows to draw conclusions that level of economic condition is very diversified.
    W artykule dokonano oceny sytuacji finansowej gospodarstw domowych w latach 2000-2019 w świetle zmian dochodów i wydatków (w ujęciu nominalnym i realnym) w skali ogólnopolskiej i regionalnej. Jako punkt odniesienia przyjęto też, że kształtowanie się analizowanych zmiennych uzależnione jest od przestrzeni regionalnej. W analizie i porównaniach wykorzystano dane z badania budżetów gospodarstw domowych prowadzonych przez GUS. Przyjmując podejście ekonometryczne (uwzględniając zmienną czasową z lat 2000-2019 jako zmienną objaśniającą modeli) dokonano wyznaczenia analitycznych funkcji trendu dla badanych zmiennych. Jak się okazuje, w badanym przedziale czasowym istotnie poziom i dynamika dochodów oraz wydatków gospodarstw domowych w Polsce była zróżnicowana z wyraźną tendencją rosnącą. Różnice w dochodach i wydatkach dotyczyły także skali regionalnej, co udowodniono. Uwzględnienie w badaniach tego wymiaru wskazuje bowiem nadal na istnienie relatywnie wysokich odchyleń analizowanych kategorii pieniężnych. Pozytywnym wymiarem jest widoczny fakt poprawy przeciętnego poziomu sytuacji finansowej przeciętnego gospodarstwa domowego w Polsce.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing; 2021, 25[74]; 40-53
    2081-3430
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza wpływu i znaczenia aktorów transnarodowych poprzez model bumerangu: studium przypadku działań Amnesty International wobec kryzysu migracyjnego w Europie
    Boomerang Model Analysis of the Impact and Importance of Transnational Actors: Case Study of Amnesty Internationals Response to the Migration Crisis in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Heidrich, Dorota
    Nakonieczna-Bartosiewicz, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2092077.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
    Tematy:
    International relations
    International organisations
    Social organisations
    Social support
    Migrant crisis
    Non-governmental organisation
    Human rights protection
    Social Network Analysis (SNA)
    The impact of non-economic institutions on the economy
    Stosunki międzynarodowe
    Organizacje międzynarodowe
    Organizacje społeczne
    Wsparcie społeczne
    Kryzys migracyjny
    Organizacje pozarządowe
    Ochrona praw człowieka
    Analiza sieci społecznych
    Oddziaływanie instytucji pozaekonomicznych na gospodarkę
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu i znaczenia aktorów transnarodowych - zwłaszcza niekomercyjnych transnarodowych sieci wsparcia - w stosunkach międzynarodowych. Dla zrozumienia omawianego problemu badawczego podjęta zostanie analiza studium przypadku, którym są działania Amnesty International wobec kryzysu migracyjnego na obszarze Unii Europejskiej. Aktywność tej organizacji pozarządowej i skuteczność podejmowanych przez nią działań indywidualnie, jak również w ramach tzw. sieci wsparcia (ang. transnational advocacy network, TAN), przeanalizowana została przy wykorzystaniu modelu bumerangu, który stanowi teoretyczną ramę pracy. O wyborze takiego narzędzia badawczego decydują jego założenia ontologiczne i epistemologiczne. Zwracają one bowiem uwagę na pięć poziomów oddziaływania TANs na państwa i innych kluczowych uczestników stosunków międzynarodowych. Pozwalają ocenić efektywność działania transnarodowych sieci wsparcia w realizacji ich celów, ale jednocześnie poszukiwać odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy i jaki rzeczywisty wpływ TANs mogą wywierać na zmiany polityk i sposobów działania państw i innych aktorów międzynarodowych. Mając powyższe na uwadze, przyjęto następującą strukturę artykułu. W pierwszej części przedstawiono założenia metodologiczno-teoretyczne. Następnie dokonano analizy studium przypadku. Ostatnia część artykułu stanowi podsumowanie i próbę odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze dotyczące tego, czy aktorzy transnarodowi mogą w sposób realny wpływać na polityki państw i organizacji międzynarodowych oraz jakie uwarunkowania ograniczają oddziaływanie aktorów transnarodowych.(abstrakt oryginalny)
    The aim of the article is to analyse the impact and importance of transnational actors - especially non-commercial transnational advocacy networks - in international relations. In order to understand this research problem, the authors undertake an analysis of the actions of Amnesty International in the face of the migration crisis in the European Union. The activity of this non-governmental organisation and the effectiveness of its activities, individually as well as within the framework of so- called transnational advocacy networks (TAN), are analysed using the boomerang model, which constitutes a theoretical framework. The choice of such a research tool is determined by its ontological and epistemological assumptions. These highlight five levels of TANs' impact on states and other key actors in international relations. They make it possible to assess the effectiveness of transnational advocacy networks in achieving their objectives, but at the same time to seek an answer to the question of whether and what real impact TANs may have on changes in the policies and actions of countries and other international actors. In view of the above, the following structure of the article has been adopted. The first part presents the methodological and theoretical assumptions. The case study is then analysed. The last part of the article is a summary and an attempt to answer research questions concerning whether transnational actors can have a real influence on the policies of states and international organisations and what conditions limit the impact of transnational actors.(original abstract)
    Źródło:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2017, 53, 4; 109-133
    0209-0961
    Pojawia się w:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Activities of self-employed persons in the conditions of digitalization
    Autorzy:
    Bagirova, Ganna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057833.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    self-employed person
    employee
    labor relations
    legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries
    social and legal status
    participants in tax relations
    status of self-employed persons
    economic dependence of self-employed persons
    a person pursuing an independent professional activity
    Opis:
    In modern conditions, the level of scientific development of theoretical and practical problems of self-employment is at an early stage. It should be noted that in the conditions of market transformations, self-employment for a certain part of the population is a way to survive in difficult life situations. Self-employment as a type of economic behavior can be described, on the one hand, as a strategy to ensure living conditions in a changing life situation and solve the problem of unemployment, and on the other – as the first step in the implementation of entrepreneurial behavior. The transition of self-employment to entrepreneurial activity is a social indicator of maturity of the subject of individual labor activity. Self-employment is a manifestation of further self-organization of individuals and is characterized as a strategy to solve the problem of unemployment and ensure proper living conditions. Determined by autonomy and freedom of action, self-employment ideally allows a person to receive income, adequate quantity and quality of labor and investment. At the legislative level, the term “self-employed person” has the following definition. A self-employed person is a taxpayer who is an individual entrepreneur or carries out an independent professional activity, provided that such a person is not an employee within such entrepreneurial or independent professional activity. Self-employment differs from traditional employment with regular remuneration by its inherent autonomy and individual orientation, which contributes to the gradual formation of a fundamentally new stratum of the economically active population, which has abandoned paternalistic expectations. This is the social value of self-employment. The most common type of self-employment is entrepreneurial activity, which includes a system of actions and deeds related to starting your own business, business activity, risk. The market environment expands the freedom to choose the scope of labor, the possibility of applying labor, which, combined with the responsibility of economic entities for the results of production, promotes the development of effective forms of self-employment, including small business.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2022, 20; 7-14
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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