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Tytuł:
Commodities as a Tool of Risk Diversification
Autorzy:
Skapa, Stanislav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
commodities
diversification
portfolio
Opis:
Investing in commodities has become a new topic for private investors in recent years. Private investors are trying to spread their investments across a much wider spectrum of investments than in the past. They are looking for new sources of return and better diversification of investment risk. In this process, they are searching beyond the traditional asset classes of equities, bonds, cash and real estate. The objective of the paper is to critically explore the possibility of investing in commodities mainly for private investors and analyses investment characteristics. The main scientific aim is to use a complex of more sophisticated and theoretically advanced statistical techniques and apply them on the findings. This paper will provide comprehensive analyses of mostly used commodity indexes of 1st generation and describe main differences between 1st and 2nd generation of commodity indexes and some examples of rollover mechanism will be critically explain. A representative of 2nd generation of commodity indexes was chosen for comprehensive data analysis to another asset class and for the testing whether commodities decreasing a risk of investment portfolio.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2013, 8, 2; 65-77
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International diversification in the periods of major economic changes
Autorzy:
Gluzicka, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580733.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
diversification
Rao’s Quadratic Entropy
Portfolio Diversification Index
Most Diversified Portfolio
Opis:
Diversification is one of the most important elements considered in the process of the construction of investment portfolios. A special role is attributed to the diversification in periods of rapid changes in the financial markets. In the article, the problem of international diversification was analysed on the example of selected European, American and Asian markets. The level of diversification was assessed by various measures: Portfolio Diversification Index, Rao’s Quadratic Entropy and Diversification Ratio. In the study diversified portfolios were compared. These portfolios were constructed for the data from the periods before, during and after the last economic crisis. The conducted research showed that European markets were most diversified, regardless of the nature of the analysed period. The study also showed that strongly interrelated countries did not necessarily have strong influence on diversification.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 519; 77-87
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Belarusian energy diversification : conclusions for Poland
Autorzy:
Jacyszyn, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
Belarus
energy
cooperation
Polska
diversification
oil
gas
nuclear Energy
Opis:
More than market laws, the Belarusian energy sector is influenced by political considerations. Good relations with the Russian Federation, access to cheap raw materials in the form of gas and oil, preferential prices, concessions or loans are the driving force behind the Belarusian economy. Therefore, events related to growing sentiments of social dissatisfaction with the current government are becoming very important in view of the future appearance and structure of energy in Belarus. The aim of this article is to present the energy sector in Belarus, the current state and the prospects and possibilities for diversifying energy sources.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2020, 2 (6); 43--53
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Belarusian energy diversification : conclusions for Poland
Autorzy:
Jacyszyn, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
Belarus
energy
cooperation
Polska
diversification
oil
gas
nuclear Energy
Opis:
More than market laws, the Belarusian energy sector is influenced by political considerations. Good relations with the Russian Federation, access to cheap raw materials in the form of gas and oil, preferential prices, concessions or loans are the driving force behind the Belarusian economy. Therefore, events related to growing sentiments of social dissatisfaction with the current government are becoming very important in view of the future appearance and structure of energy in Belarus. The aim of this article is to present the energy sector in Belarus, the current state and the prospects and possibilities for diversifying energy sources.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2020, 2 (6); 43--53
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial diversification of foreign tourist traffic in Poland
Autorzy:
Chudy-Hyski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
spatial diversification
foreign tourist
tourist traffic
province
Polska
Opis:
The article aims to assess the territorial distribution of foreign tourist traffic in Poland and identification of provinces similar with respect to the inbound tourism structure considering the tourists’ country of origin. The analysis used well-known methods of taxonomic analysis. Foreign tourists’ arrivals to Poland are to a great extent spatially diversified. The leading provinces concerning the number of accommodated tourists are Mazowieckie and Małopolskie. The next ones, in view of the intensity of the analysed phenomenon, are the provinces of the western wall, except Lubuskie. The provinces situated mainly on the eastern wall proved to be the least numerously visited by foreign tourists. It should be also noticed that German tourists were particularly fond of the Zachodniopomorskie and Dolnośląskie provinces. Tourists from the other analyzed countries use bed places mostly in the area of the Mazowieckie and Malopolskie provinces. Russian, Ukrainian and Lithuanian tourists provide an exception, since they also travel to Podkarpackie (Ukraine), Lubuskie (Russia and Lithuania) and Dolnośląskie provinces (Russia). Obtained classification of the provinces allowed to divide them into six groups, characterized by a similar structure of foreign tourists using sleeping facilities, but also similar in view of intensity of inbound tourism. The presented results reveal a considerable degree of generality, but still they may provide an example of a simple instrument for conducting similar but more detailed studies adjusted to specific needs.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2013, 2/IV
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategia dywersyfikacji produktowej na przykładzie marki Wielton AGRO
Product Diversification Strategy: The Case of Wielton AGRO Brand
Autorzy:
Żabski, Łukasz
Woźniak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18104520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-04
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
diversification
product diversification strategy
Wielton AGRO
agribusiness
dywersyfikacja
strategia dywersyfikacji produktowej
agrobiznes
Opis:
Dywersyfikacja jest jedną z podstawowych strategii rozwoju przedsiębiorstw, opierającą się na rozszerzeniu zakresu i skali swojej działalności. Jednym z jej rodzajów jest dywersyfikacja produktowa polegająca na wprowadzeniu nowych, dotychczas niewytwarzanych wyrobów/usług, realizowanych z wykorzystaniem dotychczasowych lub/i odmiennych technologii, zaspokajających inne potrzeby niż wyroby/usługi obecne. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty i znaczenia strategii dywersyfikacji produktowej w sektorze produkcji maszyn rolniczych na przykładzie marki Wielton AGRO należącej do grupy kapitałowej Wielton S. A. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych studiów literaturowych z zakresu strategii przedsiębiorstw zdefiniowano dywersyfikację i dywersyfikację produktową. Następnie opisano rynek nowych naczep rolniczych w Polsce. W dalszej kolejności scharakteryzowano markę Wielton AGRO oraz wykonano analizę strategiczną obejmującą makrootoczenie i mikrootoczenie. Do analizy makrootoczenia wykorzystano metodę PEST/EL, mikrootoczenia – macierz BCG. Przeprowadzone analizy dowiodły, że przyjęta i realizowana strategia dywersyfikacji produktowej marki Wielton AGRO pozwoliła zwiększyć realny potencjał rozwojowy Wielton S. A., jak i całej grupy kapitałowej, poprzez zaoferowanie nowych przyczep rolniczych dopasowanych do oczekiwań i wymagań klientów. Ponadto umożliwiła dywersyfikację źródeł przychodów oraz umocniła pozycję marki Wielton na rynku krajowym i zagranicznym, głównie poprzez znaczny udział eksportu nowych produktów.
Diversification, a strategy intended to lead to the expansion of the scope and scale of business activities, is one amongst principal business development strategies pursued by enterprises. Product diversification is one of business strategies, which involves producing and selling a new line of products/services manufactured using existing or/and new technologies, and meeting needs other than the existing products/services can satisfy. The aim of the paper is to discuss the substance and importance of product diversification strategy in agricultural machinery industry using the Wielton AGRO brand owned by Wielton S. A. corporate group as an example. Diversification and product diversification have been defined following the review of literature devoted to business strategy. Then the primary market of semitrailers in Poland is presented. Next, a profile of Wielton AGRO brand is provided together with strategic analysis covering its macro and micro environment. The first was carried out using the PESTEL analysis, while for the second one we used the BCG matrix. Conducted analyses have demonstrated that product diversification strategy adopted and delivered by Wielton AGRO brand has enhanced the real development potential of Wielton S. A. and the entire corporate group by offering new semitrailers for agriculture that meet client requirements and expectations. In addition, it has diversified sources of income and strengthened the position of the Wielton brand in the domestic and international markets mainly by increasing the share of exports.
Źródło:
Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów; 2021, 181; 49-66
1234-8872
2657-5620
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversification of University Income – Polish Practice and International Solutions
Autorzy:
Rozmus, Andrzej
Cyran, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1597420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
higher education
financing higher education
diversification income
Opis:
In the face of global economic problems European (and not only European) universities are forced to diversify their income. The constant and stable stream of governmental funds for education is beginning to dry up.For the majority of Polish universities the main and noticeably dominant source of income are the revenues from teaching activity. Thus the current diversification of universities’ revenues appears to be just a fiction. The situation is even worse because of both the global economic crisis and the imminent decrease in the birth rate. Polish universities should follow funding models of foreign leaders, who successfully deal with diversification of their revenues. Obviously we cannot compare such universities as Harvard or Oxford with Polish universities, but some of their solutions are worth following. Only by diversifying sources of their revenues will Polish universities be able to compete with the foreign leaders and secure a stable basis for development and use of their potential.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2012, 8, 4; 64-75
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the diversification of revenues on NGOs? commercialization: evidence from Poland
Autorzy:
Mikołajczak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
commercialization
NGOs
financial sources
revenue diversification
Opis:
Research background: The commercialization of non-governmental organizations through undertaking an activity based on the commercial sale of services and products is a phenomenon which raises controversy among numerous researchers. Traditionally, NGOs act in a sector of social services to solve problems, such as homelessness, exclusion or social pathologies. They also provide different services which cannot be provided by the market, for instance in education, the healthcare system, culture, or art. Driven by a social mission, NGOs introduce their concepts, strongly relying on fees to perform their activity. They also obtain funds in the form of public donations or payments from private or institutional donors. Growing social needs and changes in the governmental policy aimed at reducing social-aid spending have put pressure on NGOs to develop entrepreneurial strategies to gain financial support. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate how particular funding sources affect the probability of non-governmental organizations? commercialization. Methods: Data for the analyses have been collected from a national survey of Polish non-governmental organizations. In the analysis of logistic regression, a specially-developed model was used to estimate the probability of NGOs? commercialization, depending on the selected categories of funding sources. Findings & Value added: An analysis of the results indicates clearly that the likelihood of NGOs? commercialization slightly decreases as a greater number of private external financial sources is used. In contrast with existing literature, which claims that government funding is crowding out commercial activity, this research finds that, to some extent, public funds positively stimulate the commercialization of NGOs. The contribution of this research is that it introduces the category of internal financing sources of non-profit organizations, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The article provides clear statistical arguments demonstrating that private internal revenues strongly affect the commercialization of the organizations surveyed. The paper is the first to present a model that comprehensively considers the probability of NGOs? commercialization, including private external and internal, as well as public, sources of funding.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2018, 13, 4; 761-779
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Managerial decisions on the nature and scale of corporate activity diversification in the construction sector
Autorzy:
Ginevičius, Romualdas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819002.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
corporate activity diversification
construction sector
success factors
diversification measurement
dywersyfikacja działalności korporacyjnej
sektor budowlany
czynniki sukcesu
pomiar dywersyfikacji
Opis:
Corporate activity diversification is a promising but at the same time risky condition of a company’s adaptation to the business environment. Effectiveness of diversification processes in enterprises may be achieved by research in the following areas: development of methods of internal and external business environment analysis as a basis for diversification decisions; understanding the dependence of the scope and nature of corporate activity diversification on the market situation; providing sciencebased advice for the management of diversified companies, especially large ones; improvement in the methods of diversification measuring so that a complex analysis of the diversification process would become implementable. Based on the study of the Lithuanian construction sector, this paper seeks to provide new insights into the following aspects of corporate activity diversification: preconditions and conditions for deciding on corporate activity diversification; the problem of the scale and nature of diversification; organisational management conditions for the success of diversification projects. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion of the problematic of measuring the achieved level of diversification is offered.
Źródło:
Engineering Management in Production and Services; 2020, 12, 3; 7--17
2543-6597
2543-912X
Pojawia się w:
Engineering Management in Production and Services
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Revenue diversification and quality of loan portfolio
Autorzy:
Githaiga, Peter Nderitu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Quality of loan portfolio
Revenue diversification
Nonperforming loan
Banking sector
Hirschman–Herfindahl index
Opis:
Aim/purpose – This paper aims at examining the impact of revenue diversification on the quality of loan portfolio. The interest has been stimulated by the growing appetite for nontraditional activities among banks due to the declining interest income and rising nonperforming loans. Design/methodology/approach – The study considers a sample of 67 countries and quarterly banking sector financial reports over the period 2016Q1-2018Q4.The data are extracted from the International Monetary Fund Financial Soundness Indicators (FSI) database and are analysed through fixed effect regression as supported by the Haus-man test. Findings – The study finds that revenue diversification impairs the quality of the loan portfolio. The findings are attributable to loss of focus, lack of expertise in managing non-lending activities, and possible agency problems. Moreover, the study controls for several banking sector-specific factors that affect the quality of loan portfolio. The results show that credit growth and banking sector performance improve the quality of loan portfolio quality. However, the banking sector capitalisation and cost efficiency lower the loan portfolio rate, but the banking sector size has no significant effect. Research implications/limitations – Based on the findings, the study recommends that practitioners and regulators focus on innovative loans appraisal and monitoring practices instead of diversifying into non-interest generating activities. Originality/value/contribution – Unlike previous studies that focused on the relationship between income diversification and bank performance, this study contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between revenue diversification and quality of loan portfolio, thus bringing in a new insight into the bank revenue diversification debate.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2020, 42; 5-19
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EASTERN EUROPEAN EQUITY MARKETS AND THE SUBPRIME CRISIS. DOES EMERGING EUROPE STILL OFFER DIVERSIFICATION BENEFITS?
Autorzy:
Niemczak, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
DIVERSIFICATION
EASTERN EUROPE
INVESTMENTS
STOCK MARKETS
Opis:
The stock markets in Eastern Europe went through a period of rapid growth. Those which joined the EU had to integrate with Western Europe on various levels, which had important implications for their equity price development during the subprime mortgage crisis. The aim of the paper is to analyze the developments in the stock markets of Eastern European countries before and during the subprime crisis and to evaluate the hypothesis of disappearing portfolio diversification opportunities in the region. Through the application of correlation analysis, Markowitz mean variance approach and portfolio optimisation strategy based on the Sharpe ratio, it is shown that diversification opportunities for a US investor in the Eastern European region have largely disappeared.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2010, 6, 3; 47-63
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unifikacja i dywersyfikacja życia kulturowego
Unification and diversification of cultural life
Autorzy:
Lenkiewicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11236612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
unifikacja
dywersyfikacja
globalizacja
cywilizacja
kultura
unification
diversification
globalization
civilization
culture
Opis:
Nowadays, one can observe signs of world’s unification and, at the same time, its diversification. These interdependences relate primarily to the economic, social, political and cultural spheres. It is assumed that in the postwar period, Western civilization has shifted from the industrial to the post-industrial phase, which is called information, consumer or a business civilization. There are many factors and phenomena that imply the unification and diversification of cultural life in modern conditions, closely related to uniformity and standardization. The most important of these are: scientific and technological progress and development, legal solutions and media. The modern socio-political and economic image of Europe reveals a characteristic discrepancy between declarations and reality visible especially in the creation and functioning processes of the European Union. The process of unification and disintegration of Europe raises issues such as: a crisis of values, of humanism, depreciation of moral principles.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2015, 13; 71-78
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przesłanki strategii dywersyfikacji. Perspektywa wybranych szkół zarządzania strategicznego
Reasons for diversification strategy. The perspective of selected school of strategic management though
Autorzy:
Pieniacka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/392841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
motywy dywersyfikacji
wzrost organizacji
szkoły zarządzania strategicznego
growth diversification
reasons for diversification
approach to strategic management
Opis:
W opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu najczęściej występujących w literaturze przedmiotu przesłanek strategii dywersyfikacji. Podjęte rozważania koncentrują się na identyfikacji motywów strategii dywersyfikacji w perspektywie wybranych szkół zarządzania strategicznego, w szczególności szkoły planistycznej, pozycyjnej i zasobowej. Przyjęta optyka wskazuje, jakie aspekty na przestrzeni lat determinowały przedsiębiorstwa do rozszerzania działalności.
. The paper reviews the most common reasons for diversification strategy. The deliberation put the emphasis on identify motives to diversify from the perspective of the selected strategic management school. The particular attention was paid to the Planning School, the Positioning School and the Resource Based-View. Presenting a point of view demonstrates why firms diversify throughout the years.
Źródło:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy; 2016, 1; 111-129
1899-6116
Pojawia się w:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
One Company – Many Worlds. Activity Diversification within Business Entities: the Example of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Raczyk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
business entities
economic activities
Dolnośląskie Voivodeship
internal diversification
Opis:
One of the significant problems related to business entities is the implementation of a number of different types of activity by individual companies. This issue, despite being relatively well researched among individual or groups of businesses has yet to be studied comprehensively. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of studies focus only on the predominant type of activity declared at the time of company registration. The objective of this research was to identify regularities in the number and structure of activity types within individual business entities in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. The survey covered all entities actively operating in the region - almost 176 000 in total. The study examined all types of activity carried out (according to PKD 2007 including the subclass level) as well as their location (by gmina). The research was based on data from the Central Register and Information on Economic Activity. The study showed that the population is dominated by those conducting many different activities - about 8.2 per company on average. The inclusion of all (and not just dominant) activities affects the observed economic structures, including the spatial dimension.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2020, 16, 1; 290-301
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dywersyfikacja rolnictwa w Polsce
Diversification of Agriculture in Poland
Autorzy:
Kołodziejczak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dywersyfikacja rolnictwa
modele rolnicze
współczynnik Giniego
diversification of agriculture
farming models
Gini coefficient
Opis:
Relatywnie niedawno dywersyfikacja znalazła się w centrum uwagi polityki rolnej i regionalnej jako sposób na rozwój regionów przez modernizację rolnictwa i środek aktywizacji ludności wiejskiej, ograniczania bezrobocia i podnoszenia komfortu życia ludności na obszarach wiejskich. Znaczenie dywersyfikacji w priorytetach UE wiąże się ze wspieraniem ochrony, zachowania i pielęgnacji krajobrazu, ochrony terenów o specjalnych walorach środowiskowych, kulturowych przed wyludnianiem, zachowania funkcji turystycznych, rekreacyjnych, hydrologicznych oraz wszystkich innych form niekonwencjonalnego wykorzystania przestrzeni wiejskiej. Działania te w rozwoju obszarów wiejskich są zarówno o charakterze gospodarczym 10 (dochodowym), jak również pozaekonomicznym. W skali regionalnej dywersyfikacja może służyć podstawowym celom, takim jak: szacowanie dziedzictwa kulturowego, ochrony przyrody i krajobrazu, ograniczaniu bezrobocia ludności wiejskiej, wykorzystaniu walorów i podwyższaniu atrakcyjności regionów oraz podnoszeniu poziomu stopy życiowej ludności. Dywersyfikacja w rolnictwie jest zgodna z ogólniejszymi celami społecznymi, jakie wynikają z polityki wielofunkcyjnego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, ale również sprzyja osiąganiu indywidualnych celów rolników. Z punktu widzenia gospodarstwa rolnego i perspektywy rolnika można wyróżnić następujące cele i motywy: powiększenie dochodu osobistego, minimalizacja ryzyka, lepsze wykorzystanie zasobów (kapitału i pracy) oraz zapewnienie rozwoju gospodarstwa rolnego.
Diversification has become a focus of agricultural and regional policies as a path of development for regions by modernising their agriculture, activating the rural population, limiting unemployment, and enhancing the comfort of living in the countryside. The diversification is achieved through an agricultural policy that uses instruments encouraging various types of farming. The following types can be distinguished: conventional, sustainable and organic, as well as farmland afforestation. The goal of this paper is to present the results of a research on the diversification of agriculture in the rural areas of Poland obtained using the Gini coefficient. What determines its diversification there is primarily the intensity of agricultural production organisation. The research confirmed that by diversifying the ways of farming under the influence of economic factors brought into operation by the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy, Polish agriculture keeps adapting ever better to the natural conditions occurring in rural areas.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN; 2016, 262; 9-19
0079-3493
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of the diversification effect in Solvency II under dependence uncertainty
Autorzy:
Wanat, Stanisław
Konieczny, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
diversification effect
Solvency Capital Requirements
risk aggregation
VaR bounds
Opis:
The paper focuses on the problem of the accurate estimation of the diversification effect in the process of determining Solvency Capital Requirements (SCRs) in Solvency II. First, the method of determining SCRs in Solvency II is briefly characterised, the role of dependences for the correct specification of the diversification effect is presented, and a diversification ratio is defined. This is followed by an analysis of the use of this ratio of the diversification effect sensitivity to the dependence structure based on an example of life and health underwriting risk. The cases of lacking knowledge, partial knowledge (of a correlation coefficient only) and full knowledge are considered (it has been assumed that variables are independent and comonotonic). Dependence structures are modelled using copulas. The article shows that without identifying the actual dependence structure, the application of the standard formula in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 may lead to the incorrect estimation of the diversification effect, and it indicates (based on a simulation analysis) the size of possible errors.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2017, 4(33); 89-108
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tourist activity: international and domestic diversification and the problem of social exclusion
Autorzy:
Alejziak, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627246.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tourist activity
international comparisons
social diversification
social exclusion
cluster analysis
Opis:
This article presents the international and domestic diversification of tourist activity. In the former case, it focuses on analyses of the general level of tourist activity, expressed in the ‘tourist activity rate’, while with regards to the inhabitants of Poland, analyses were conducted on the diversification of tourist activity across various socio-demographic categories. For international comparisons, the wide-ranging research conducted by EUROSTAT in 2011 on representative samples of the inhabitants of 32 European countries was used. The diversification of Polish tourist activity in the context of social exclusion, on the other hand, is presented on the basis of the author's research and calculations. Statistical analyses were employed: Kendall's Tau-b rank correlation coefficient and cluster analysis.
Źródło:
Turyzm; 2011, 21, 1-2; 7-16
0867-5856
2080-6922
Pojawia się w:
Turyzm
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy prawne dywersyfikacji gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce
THE ISSUE OF DIVERSIFICATION OF FARMS (AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS) IN POLAND
Autorzy:
Stańko, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
DIVERSIFICATION
LAND STRUCTURE
FARM
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY
Opis:
The issue of diversification of farms (agricultural holdings) is very complicated in the Polish legal system. The basic problem in this area is the lack of statutory definition in the state regulations. Due to the lack of this definition it is not possible do define clearly the purposes and directions of diversification. The indicated lack of statutory definition of diversification of agricultural holdings requires the search for the scope of this notion not only in a juridical approach but also in an economic one. On the whole, from the point of view of economic sciences diversification of farms means diversification in the structure of agricultural production as well as exploiting ground resources, capital and labour in farms for activities other than agricultural activity. It should also be added that the scale of production and incomes received from agricultural activity are determined by the condition of land resources in Polish farms, and above all, by fragmented land structure. Therefore there is no doubt that the Polish legislator should search for legal criteria for diversification which would also include the above mentioned economic parameters. The final purpose of such diversification should be the capacity to absorb the union support. In the Polish economic reality, necessity of supporting low output farms remains the main problem. This support should be based not only on the state funding but also union funding. This is a key issue for gradual change in land structure of farms. It seems essential to undertake complex activities aiming at the creation of full programme of changes in agriculture. ‘Rural’ policy of particular union states accepting legal instruments of diversification as a starting point should lead to lasting and balanced development of rural areas.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2010, 8; 150-165
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dywersyfikacja terytorialna w działalności samorządu terytorialnego
Territorial diversification in self-government activity
Autorzy:
Korczak, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
dywersyfikacja
dywersyfikacja terytorialna
samorząd terytorialny
gmina
powiat
województwo
gospodarka komunalna
jednostka samorządu terytorialnego
diversification
territorial diversification
territorial self-government
self-government
unit
the municipality
district
voivodship
municipal economy
Opis:
W artykule została przedstawiona koncepcja wewnętrznego zróżnicowania terytorium jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie wykonywanych przez nią zadań (głównie własnych), które – korzystając z terminologii swoistej dla nauk ekonomicznych i nauk o zarządzaniu – określone jest mianem dywersyfikacji terytorialnej w działalności jednostki. Teza wyjściowa o dopuszczalności dywersyfikacji uwzględnia konstytucyjną zasadę jednolitości terytorialnej państwa, jak również zasadę równości wobec prawa, w tym sensie, że jest możliwe, a zarazem zgodne z prawem, wewnętrzne różnicowanie terytorialne, polegające m.in. na wydzielaniu pewnych obszarów, na których jednostka samorządu terytorialnego prowadzi gospodarkę komunalną w odmienny sposób niż na pozostałych lub innych obszarach. Dywersyfikacja terytorialna w działalności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego może być rozpatrywana jako narzędzie zarządzania strategicznego, służące ich rozwojowi, szczególnie w warunkach ograniczonych zasobów, a także stagnacji gospodarczej. Takie podejście znajduje swoje oparcie w założeniach Agendy Terytorialnej Unii Europejskiej 2020, jak też w opinii Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomiczno-Społecznego, dotyczącej polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju terytorialnego Unii. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę stanu regulacji prawa pozytywnego i doktryny w zakresie zróżnicowania terytorialnego w funkcjonowaniu jednostek samorządu terytorialnego na poziomie województw, powiatów i gmin. Analiza został odniesiona do wybranych sfer działalności tych jednostek, takich jak planowanie i zagospodarowanie przestrzenne, gospodarka odpadami, ustanawianie niektórych danin publicznych o charakterze lokalnym.
The article presents the concept of internal differentiation of a territory of an entity of territorial self-government within the scope of its tasks (mainly own tasks), which – according to the terminology specific for economic and management studies – is defined as territorial diversification in the entity’s activity. The initial thesis on acceptability of diversification includes the Constitutional principle of territorial uniformity of the state as well as the principle of equal justice under law in the sense that the internal territorial differentiation that consists in; among others, isolating certain areas within which an entity of territorial self-government pursues the municipal economy in an different way than within other or different areas, is possible and lawful. Territorial diversification in the activity of entities of territorial self-government can be considered as a strategic management tool supporting development; especially, in the conditions of limited resources and economic stagnation. This approach is additionally supported by the assumptions of the Territorial Agenda of the European Union 2020, and the opinions of the European Economic and Social Committee on the sustainable territorial development policy of the European Union. The article analyses the regulatory status of the positive law and doctrine within the frameworks of territorial diversification in the functioning of the entities of territorial self-government at the level of voivodeships, districts and communes. The analysis was referred to the selected spheres of these entities’ activity, as spatial planning and development, waste management and establishing certain local public imposts.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2015, 25, 1; 123-151
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TRANSITION: LESSONS FROM THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS IN CEE
Autorzy:
Gurgul, Henryk
Lach, Lukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
export diversification
economic growth
CEE transition economies
Opis:
This paper examines the role of export diversification for economic growth in CEE transition economies. The results prove that before the outbreak of 2008 financial crisis export specialization rather than diversification was an important growth factor, especially in those countries which followed more specialized export patterns. However, after the outbreak of the crisis the direction of this causal link changed essentially. All three main aspects of export diversification turned out to play a significant role in reducing the growth slowdown effects of the 2008 financial crisis.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2013, 14, 1; 137-149
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Together but separately: An attempt at the process of class diversification among Polish peasantry
Autorzy:
Gorlach, Krzysztof
Klekotko, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/413652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
peasantry
family farms
market position
class consciousness
diversification
Opis:
The authors try to examine the class diversification hypothesis in the context of recent social and economic changes occurring in the community of family farm owners/operators in Poland. Basing on three consecutive national research conducted respectively in 1994, 1999 and 2007 the processes of diversification have been analyzed. They are observed on the level of changing market positions of farms as well as on the level of class consciousness of the owners/operators, and on the level of strategies preferred by them to defend their interests. The analysis of research results leads to the conclusion that the discrepancy between the group of business-type farms with visible elements of “capitalist consciousness” and the group of rather marginalized ones with lack of “capitalist consciousness” might be observed.
Źródło:
Przegląd Socjologiczny; 2010, 59, 2; 109-125
0033-2356
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie płac w polskich powiatach
Wages in Polish Countries (powiats)
Autorzy:
Tokarski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
przestrzenne zróżnicowanie płac
wynagrodzenie
determinanty zróżnicowania
regional diversification of wages
remuneration
determinants of diversification
Opis:
The aim of the paper is the statistical analysis of the determinants of regional diversification of wages in the Polish counties between 2003 and 2009. According to the efficiency wages model of Solow (1979) and Summers (1988) and neoclassical models of economic growth of Solow (1956), Nonneman, Vanhoudt (1996) and optimal control model of Lucas (1988) the level of the relative wages are determined by the unemployment rates and the relative labor productivity. The descriptions of regional diversification of wages and its determinants are described. Additionally, the simple theoretical model of regional diversification of wages is constructed and the parameters of this model were estimated. These are the estimations of the wage function for 379 counties and 16 voivodeships in Poland.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2012, LXXXV (85); 287-308
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trade Policy Barriers: An Obstacle to Export Diversification in Eurasia
Autorzy:
Cusolito, Ana Paula
Hollweg, Claire H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Export diversification
trade policy barriers
tariffs
non-tariff measures
preferential trade agreements
Opis:
Despite trade liberalization efforts made by Eurasian countries, the export structure of the region shows significant levels of concentration across export destinations. To shed light on this observation, this research analyzes trade policy barriers in Eurasia, East Asia and the Pacific, and the European Union. Using the most recent data from sources including the World Trade Organization, the United Nations, and the World Bank – including the Overall Trade Restrictiveness Indices, the Services Trade Restrictions Database, and the Temporary Trade Barriers Database – the role of tariffs, non-tariff measures, temporary trade barriers, trade agreements, and trade barriers in services are explored to explain the lack of diversification by destination. Several conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, China, Korea, and Japan, as well as the European Union, impose high levels of protection on products of animal origin, which may explain the lack of Eurasian export diversification toward the East Asia and the Pacific and the European Union regions. It also highlights the potential benefits of diversifying the structure of production in Eurasia toward more sophisticated and technologically intensive goods. Second, the East Asia and the Pacific region (especially China) appears to be more protectionist than the European Union, suggesting a greater challenge for Eurasian countries in diversifying exports to the destination. And third, few or no regional trade agreements exist between Eurasian countries and countries in the European Union or East Asia and the Pacific.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2015, 2(4); 91-129
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój i zróżnicowanie regionalne szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce
The Development and Regional Diversification of Higher Education in Poland
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-04-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
educational potential
higher education
regional diversification
Opis:
The paper examines the “educational potential” of Poland’s university-level schools. The authors analyze the main trends in the education system’s development and identify regional differences in this area. The starting point for the analysis are the theories of human capital and endogenous growth. They highlight the importance of human capital investments in the education system and their role in the country’s economic growth. The authors build taxonomic indicators to describe the condition and prospects of college education in individual regions. Analyses made as part of the research project show that Poland’s higher education system underwent some significant changes during the country’s transition from central planning to a market economy. There are also major differences between public and private universities in their educational strategies. Public colleges often use different standards of education, while private schools rarely develop cost-intensive programs. Poland’s higher education system is strongly diversified regionally. Taxonomic analyses confirm that there are major differences in educational opportunities in individual regions. Mazovia and Western Pomerania provinces led the way in this area in 1999-2005, while regions such as Opole, Warmia-Mazuria, Lubuskie, Podkarpacie, and Kujawy-Pomerania lagged behind.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 223, 4; 1-20
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 480

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