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Tytuł:
Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corpora
Autorzy:
Koseska, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
contrastive studies
online dictionary
parallel corpora
direct approach to semantics
semantic interlanguage
Petri nets
semantic annotation
Opis:
Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corporaIn view of the ambiguity of the term “semantics”, the author shows the differences between the traditional lexical semantics and the contemporary semantics in the light of various semantic schools. She examines semantics differently in connection with contrastive studies where the description must necessary go from the meaning towards the linguistic form, whereas in traditional contrastive studies the description proceeded from the form towards the meaning. This requirement regarding theoretical contrastive studies necessitates construction of a semantic interlanguage, rather than only singling out universal semantic categories expressed with various language means. Such studies can be strongly supported by parallel corpora. However, in order to make them useful for linguists in manual and computer translations, as well as in the development of dictionaries, including online ones, we need not only formal, often automatic, annotation of texts, but also semantic annotation - which is unfortunately manual. In the article we focus on semantic annotation concerning time, aspect and quantification of names and predicates in the whole semantic structure of the sentence on the example of the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian parallel corpus”.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2014, 14
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studies
Autorzy:
Roszko, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
contrastive studies
hypothetical modality
Polish (PL)
Lithuanian (LT)
local dialect of Puńsk in Poland
corpus of local dialect of Puńsk
parallel corpus of PL and LT
Opis:
Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studiesTheoretical contrastive studies (hereinafter referred to as TCS) emerged with a view to compare and contrast natural languages on the basis of a logical interlanguage. The idea of making the TCS guidelines available to science resulted in discontinuing the division into the original language and the target language when comparing and contrasting two (or more languages), and at the same time, terminating the dependence of the resulting material (i.e. form indexes in the target language) on the formal structures in the original language. The TCS essence is included in the interlanguage, which is used as tertium comparationis in the studies. To get more on this topic see Koseska, Korytkowska, R. Roszko (2007). Till now, TCS have not been applied in dialectal studies. There are a lot of reasons for this conjuncture. First of all, dialectal studies usually concentrate on one code (i.e. only a single local dialect is being specified), whilst in TCS, a comparison and contrast between (at least two) languages is provided. Moreover, research on the dialectal differentiation of a specific language (i.e. at least two dialects (/ local dialects) are being specified together) is based on demonstrating the features shared and differentiated on the level of (a) lexis, (b) morphology (most often narrowed to demonstrate differential morphological features) and (c) syntactic (relatively most rarely). Thus, dialectal studies are essentially a description of the formal conjuncture, whereas semantic aspects are out of the area of researchers interest. With this article, I am going to break the current patterns and prove that dialectal studies can be conducted in accordance with the TCS guidelines. The advantage of such dialectal studies is not only a different/new look at a specific local dialect, but also a possibility of an instant comparison and contrast between the local dialect and the standardized language or other local dialects (of one language or another) on the semantic level providing the highest standard of the relevances demonstrated (i.e. similarities and differences).
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linguistique contrastive et phraséologie appliquée
Contrastive linguistics and applied phraseology
Autorzy:
Sułkowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
contrastive linguistics
applied phraseology
phraseodidactics
phraseotranslation
Opis:
The article discusses the relations between contrastive linguistics and applied phraseology. Applied phraseology, and particularly phraseodidactics and phraseotranslation, respond to the vast needs of the contemporary world in terms of efficient didactics and successful translation of the broadly conceived phraseological structures. The author demonstrates how the disciplines in question may use the developments of contrastive linguistics in order to expand their own areas of interest.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2018, 39; 301-314
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcja stylistyczna wypowiedzi w perspektywie lingwistyki porównawczej
Stylistic Function of an Utterance from the Perspective of Contrastive Linguistics
Autorzy:
Kiklewicz, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
style
stylistics
functional syntax
statement
comparative linguistics
Slavonic languages
Opis:
The tendency in researching language stylistics is that researchers rather start from a certain style and assign language properties to it, including syntactic ones. In the presented article, which is based on the model of functional syntax (Kiklewicz 1999; 2004), the author suggests an opposite research perspective, that is analysis of stylistic properties of specific kinds of syntactic structures. Being completion of the former description rule this research suggestion contributes to a comprehensive presentation of language competence where stylistic markedness of language units constitutes an important aspect. For this reason and due to isolation of categorical content of the function, scope of its meaning and reference the suggestion depicted is so helpful in comparing languages.
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2011, 20; 19-39
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Francuska analiza dyskursu a badania kontrastywne (?)
French discourse analysis and contrastive studies (?)
Autorzy:
Grzmil-Tylutki, Halina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/473938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
discourse analysis
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
The paper asks whether contrastive studies are conducted within the framework of French discourse analysis and attempts to find an answer to that question. First, the Author offers a brief overview of the origins of Polish textology and French discourse analysis, and explains the differences in how these two streams of linguistics approach comparative studies. While contrastive studies are not undertaken by French discourse analysts, recent years have seen attempts at comparing sociolinguistic behaviours using the criterion of occupation as well as cultural differences.
Artykuł jest próbą znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w ramach francuskiej analizy dyskursu prowadzone są badania kontrastywne. Autorka przypomina w skrócie genezę polskiej tekstologii i francuskiej analizy dyskursu, tłumacząc różnice w podejściu obu lingwistyk do badań porównawczych. Francuscy dyskursywiści nie prowadzą badań kontrastywnych; można jednak w ostatnich latach zauważyć tendencje do porównywania zachowań społeczno-językowych w aspekcie wykonywanych zawodów oraz ze względu na różnice międzykulturowe.
Źródło:
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs; 2012, 5; 223-230
1899-0983
Pojawia się w:
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On “The dictionary of active Polish and Ukrainian phraseology” [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej]. Contrastive linguistics and culture
Autorzy:
Sosnowski, Wojciech Paweł
Tymoshuk, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
phraseologism
cross-linguistic equivalence
phrasal dictionary
semantic metalanguage
phraseography
linguistic worldview
cultureme
Opis:
On The dictionary of active Polish and Ukrainian phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej]. Contrastive linguistics and cultureThe Dictionary of Active Polish and Ukrainian Phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej] is the first publication of its kind in the history of Polish and Ukrainian lexicography. It consists of equivalent phrasal units in Polish and Ukrainian. The innovative aspect of the lexicon is that it uses a semantic metalanguage to establish equivalent units. The authors developed a new method of searching for equivalent units which uses the meaning - not the form - as the starting point. This method enables the identification of equivalent units in both languages. Moreover, it enables the identification of units that do not have equivalents. The units which lack equivalents are usually deeply rooted in Poland’s or Ukraine’s historical and cultural context, and are thus defined as culturemes. Even though they lack equivalents, it was decided not to exclude them from the Leksykon’s structure, as they are actively used by the speakers of Polish and Ukrainian. This paper provides an overview of the Leksykon’s methodology and presents the authors’ definition of phraseologism. The most important points in the paper are illustrated with a number of example entries from the dictionary. The primary focus of the paper rests on phrasal units which lack equivalents. O Leksykonie aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej. Konfrontacja językowa a kulturaOpracowywany przez nas Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej jest pierwszym dziełem tego typu w historii leksykografii polskiej i ukraińskiej. W leksykonie prezentujemy odpowiedniości jednostek frazeologicznych w języku polskim i ukraińskim za pomocą semantycznego języka pośrednika. Wyznaczenie kierunku od znaczenia ku formie pozwoliło dobrać ekwiwalenty jednostek frazeologicznych w obu językach. Zestawienie polskiego i ukraińskiego materiału pozwoliło również wyodrębnić poszczególne jednostki nieposiadające odpowiedników. Jednostki te są ściśle związane z kulturą i historią narodu polskiego i ukraińskiego. W związku z tym zaliczamy je do kulturemów, ale nie pomijamy w strukturze leksykonu ze względu na ich aktywność w mówionym języku współczesnym. W niniejszym artykule prezentujemy metodologię zastosowaną w leksykonie, definicję roboczą frazeologizmu w leksykonie, przykładowe hasła oraz skupiamy się na pokazaniu jednostek frazeologicznych nieposiadających pełnej odpowiedniości.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2017, 17
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrastive Überlegungen: Schimpfen Lateiner anders als Deutsche?
Contrastive Reflections: Is Swearing in Latin Different from Swearing in German?
Autorzy:
Ammer, Jessica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/458743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
invective
latin
german
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
Swearing and cursing are immediate and obvious expressions of emotions. While this kind of communication almost certainly exists in almost all cultures and languages, studies about it are generally limited to the individual language, or are often conducted from a popular science perspective. As far as the German language is concerned, the use of insulting and swear words is associated with the discourse of scatology, morphologized and lexicalized in word formation, phraseologisms, etc. Yet, for the Latin language such analyses are almost completely missing. My contribution aims at a typological comparison of Latin and German, especially in the period of their direct contact – the Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2019, 16; 17-26
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vom Fremdverständnis zum Eigenverständnis: Kontrastive Linguisitik und Glottodidaktik
Autorzy:
Schwenk, Hans-Jörg
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/917213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Contrastive linguistics
Foreign language teaching
Opis:
The present paper deals with the relationship between contrastive linguistics on the one hand and foreign language teaching on the other hand, more precisely, with the influence exerted by the first on the latter. It goes without saying that a teacher who teaches his mother tongue is expected to teach it as completely and correctly as possible. Yet the complete and correct teaching of any language depends on the teacher’s complete and correct knowledge of the given language and, comes to that, his awareness of this knowledge. It could be shown and proven on various examples that this aim can only be reached by the way of analyzing an other / a foreign language and comparing it with the language / the mother tongue to be teached, that, as much as paradoxical this may sound, self-understanding quite often needs the understanding of the other.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2011, 37, 1; 7-18
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The grammatical gender of Death: a textual and discourse approach
Rodzaj gramatyczny śmierci z punktu widzenia tekstu i dyskursu
Autorzy:
Stroińska, Magda
Drzazga, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/473954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
text linguistics
grammatical gender
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
The assignment of grammatical gender is among the most intriguing problems in human language. In this paper we discuss the question of semantic versus morphological motivation for gender assignment and agreement by analyzing the grammatical gender of one of the key cultural concepts, i.e. death. In our analysis, we consider how the grammatical category influences conceptualizations of death in cultures and discourses of various nations. We will refer to the images of death in three different languages and cultures: English, German and Polish. Finally, we will illustrate the crosslinguistic problems potentially caused by such differing conceptualizations by analyzing translation challenges connected with the noun death on examples from contemporary popular literature in those three languages. It seems that at the discourse level the semantic cues can influence grammatical gender and override morphological motivation, even in the case of such an important concept as death. The personification of death is a type of hybrid that allows agreement patterns which would be considered incorrect from a purely grammatical point of view.
Klasyfikacja rzeczowników pod względem rodzaju gramatycznego jest jednym z najbardziej interesujących zagadnień dotyczących języka. W poniższym arytkule rozważamy problem rozróżnienia pomiędzy semantyczną a morfologiczno-składniową motywacją rodzaju gramatycznego na podstawie jednego z kluczowych pojęć kulturowych: śmierci. W naszej analizie zastanawiamy się jak kategoria gramatyczna rodzaju wpływa na konceptualizacje śmierci w kulturze i dyskursie. Odwołujemy się do przedstawienia śmierci w trzech kulturach i trzech językach: angielskim, niemieckim i polskim. Na podstawie fragmentów współczesnej literarury popularnej, pokazujemy jakie problemy tłumaczeniowe może sprawiać istnienie tych różnych konceptualizacji. Wydaje się, że na poziomie dyskursu informacje semantyczne mogą wpłynąć na rodzaj gramatyczny nawet w przypadku tak ważnego pojęcia jak śmierć. Personifikacja śmierci jest rodzajem hybrydy, która dopuszcza różne warianty składni zgody, uznawane za niepoprawne na poziome opisu czysto językowego.
Źródło:
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs; 2012, 5; 205-221
1899-0983
Pojawia się w:
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Метафорические эвфемизмы деликатной темы в русском, польском и английском языках
Metaphorical euphemisms of a delicate theme in Russian, Polish and English
Autorzy:
Кудлиньска (Kudlińska), Халина (Halina)
Никитина (Nikitina), Ирина (Irina)
Иванян (Ivanyan), Елена (Еlena)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
metaphor
euphemism
lexicology
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
Metaphors as a type of euphemism formation in thematic group of Russian Polish and English toilet euphemisms are considered. Different types of metaphorical euphemisms are investigated. The analysis demonstrates common devices in euphemism formation and common conceptual and linguistic aspects of euphemisation in Russian, Polish and English. Common devices and large number of interlingual euphemisms in the languages may justify the universal character of the cognitive basis of the nominative language area.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica; 2012, 08; 50-63
1731-8025
2353-9623
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Valeurs Sémantiques Du Préverbe entre-. Une Étude Contrastive Français-Polonais
Semantic values of the French preverb entre-. A contrastive French-Polish study
Autorzy:
Hrabia, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120006.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
prefixation
preverb entre-
contrastive linguistics
translation equivalence
Opis:
The present paper aims at conducting a short French-Polish contrastive investigation of the verbs prefixed by entre-. At the beginning, the author proposes to perceive prefixation as a purely semantic phenomenon and advances a hypothesis that different meanings (i.e. semantic values) of the preverb in the source language should manifest in the translation of the prefixed verbs into the target language. The second part focuses on the results of the postulated semantic-translation analysis of 62 French verbs found in two dictionaries: Great French-Polish Dictionary and Lexicon 5. The verbs are divided into 4 categories depending on their translation into Polish (verbs expressing reciprocity, spatial verbs, low intensity verbs, and lexicalized verbs) which, in accordance with the adopted hypothesis, allows to distinguish 3 different semantic values of entre-: reciprocity, spatiality and low intensity. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are compared with the those obtained by other linguists. Due to the fact that the conclusions of the investigation conducted in this paper and in similar studies do not differ significantly and considering the added contrastive value of semantic-translation analysis, the author suggests extending the research in this stream to other preverbs in order to reach the complete description of the French prefixation seen “through” the Polish language.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2022, 43; 321-339
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nominalisierung in Abstracts deutscher und polnischer sprachwissenschaftlicher Artikel
Autorzy:
Gołębiowski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
nominalization
academic texts
nominal style
syntactic compression
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the use of nominalized verbs and adjectives in abstracts of research articles in linguistics written by German- and Polish-speaking scientists. The paper begins by describing academic texts as a subject of (comparative) linguistic investigation. The next section focuses on structure and pragmatic features of abstracts as components of research articles. Subsequently the role of nominalization as one of the strategies of syntactic compression (also called syntactic condensation) and as an element of nominal style in academic texts is discussed. The next part presents the results of qualitative analysis of the data gained from 20 German and 20 Polish abstracts of research articles in linguistics. The concluding section 6 sums up the presented study and offers some recommendations for further research.
Źródło:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft; 2020, 9; 91-114
2657-4799
Pojawia się w:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Styl internetowych ofert pracy w ujęciu kontrastywnym polsko-niemieckim
Autorzy:
SZWED, IWONA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
job advertisement
contrastive linguistics of text
corporate image building
Opis:
A starting point for this dissertation is an assumption that the cultural load should be considered a constitutive feature for differentiating between certain kinds of text (cf. Bilut-Homplewicz 2013: 145).Within the framework of contrastive research, covering the realization of various text models in different languages and cultural circles, the author of this article analyses online job advertisements, published on the Internet in German and Polish in 2014.These texts shall be considered autonomous in terms both the language used and cultural load, as created originally in the target language. Translated advertisements have been omitted, as potentially “contaminated” with the features of the source language.The author addresses the question of globalization (job market being highly globalized) and its possible influence on potential cross-linguistic and cross-cultural standardization within the notion of text genre. Contrastive analysis of job offers originating in different, yet relatively close cultural circles, allows for tracking current tendencies. These tendencies may be clearly visible in cases of international corporations, spreading its operations into various countries, which inevitably entails diffusing their corporate culture and standards, including their human resource know-how, in particular recruitment practices.The author also shares her reflections on the role of online job advertisements in the process of broadly understood corporate image building.  
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2015, 24; 403-421
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interkulturalität – immer noch eine Herausforderung für Linguistik und Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Autorzy:
Neuland, Eva
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Germanistów Polskich
Tematy:
intercultural linguistics, contrastive linguistics, intercultural communication, linguistic politeness, cultural standards
Opis:
The paper discusses the perspectives of intercultural linguistics as a new paradigm of German philology. Concepts of cultural standards are critizised and deficits of cultural contrastive analysis are demonstrated as shown by the example of code mixing. It is argued that interculturality is more than cultural contrastivity and more than transculturality and furthermore that for intercultural research the analysis of language is of utmost importance. Finally the paper demonstrates that in the central subject of intercultural communication it is worth while not only looking at misunderstandings but also at the different modes of linguistic politeness.
Źródło:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten; 2013, 2, 2
2353-656X
2353-4893
Pojawia się w:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Moving-Time and Moving-Ego Metaphors from a Translational and a Contrastive-Linguistic Perspective
Autorzy:
Brdar, Mario
Brdar-Szabó, Rita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conceptual metaphor
moving time
moving ego
fictive motion
translation
contrastive linguistics
Opis:
This article is concerned with some cross-linguistic asymmetries in the use of two types of time metaphors, the Moving-Time and the Moving-Ego metaphor. The latter metaphor appears to be far less well-entrenched in languages such as Croatian or Hungarian, i.e. some of its lexicalizations are less natural than their alternatives based on the Moving-Time metaphor, while some others are, unlike their English models, downright unacceptable. It is argued that some of the differences can be related to the status of the fictive motion construction and some restrictions on the choice of verbs in that construction.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2017, 15, 2; 191-212
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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