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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 824
Tytuł:
Recovery of copper and nickel from polymetallic sulphate leach solution of printed circuit boards using Dowex M 4195
Autorzy:
Ajiboye, Ayorinde E.
Olashinde, Folorunsho E.
Adebayo, Ojo A.
Ajayi, Olubode. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
recovery
copper
nickel
Dowex M4195
kinetics
isotherms
reuse
Opis:
Sulphuric acid leach solution of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains predominantly copper and iron with later remain problematic during electrowinning of the formal. In this study, performance of Dowex M 4195 resin for recovery of copper and nickel from polymetallic sulphate leach solution of waste PCBs was investigated by batch experiments. It was observed that at pH 0.5, about 45.2 and 3.6 % Cu2+ and Ni2+ was selectively recovered respectively. Recovery efficiency of Ni2+ increased with increase in pH from 0.5 -5.0 while pH2 was optimum for the recovery of Cu2+. Sharp increase in co-recovery of Fe3+/Fe2+ was observed at pH above 2 with that of Zn2+ and Co2+ became low due to hindrance from binding site by high concentration of Cu2+. Adsorption data obtained for Cu2+ and Ni2+ were tested with adsorption isotherms as well as kinetics. It is shown that adsorption of Cu2+2+ was well fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Kinetics of Cu2+ and Ni2+ fitted into Pseudo-first and well fitted to second order. Reuse studies shows that the resin strong affinities for Cu2+ and Ni2+ remain unchanged.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2019, 55, 5; 1156-1164
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent sustainable trends for e-waste bioleaching
Autorzy:
Al Sultan, Mohammed Sami
Benli, Birgül
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24085614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
bioleaching
e-waste
sustainable mining
used electronic components
waste printed circuit boards
recovery metal
Opis:
For the past few decades, the electronic and electrical waste have been accumulating and piling on our lands and aside from posing some serious threat on our environment and our health. And with the technological advance and the rapid growing electronic demand and production there is the risk of accumulating even more unused valuable usable materials in our waste land-fields. Up to 2030, EU is forecasting about 74 million tons of e-waste, including washing machines, tablet computers, toasters, and cell phones. In 2022, more than 5.3 billion mobile phones were wasted whereas Li, Mn, Cu, Ni, and various rare-earth elements (like Nd, Eu and Tb, etc.) as well as graphite are actually found in the contents of many metal parts from wiring, batteries to their components. The main purpose aside from an environmental aspect is reserving the mineral used in this waste, as many of the crucial materials have a supply risk heavily depending on import. For instance, many of these rare earth elements (REE) are sourced from China; these REEs are used in many electronics that range from consumer products to industrial-use machines. This study is to review one of the desired methods that is via using bio-techniques to dissolve and recover as much as possible from main e-waste sources such as PCBs, spend batteries and LCD/LED panels. Microorganisms that are used for bioleaching process and their metal recovery aspects were compared in the second part. Future perspectives were finally added considering significant techno-economic environmental and social impacts.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2023, 59, 5; art. no. 167375
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of continuous centrifugal gravity concentration in grinding circuit. Modified approach for improved metallurgical performance and reduced grinding requirements
Autorzy:
Altun, N. E.
Sakuhuni, G.
Klein, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109786.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
centrifugal gravity concentrator
grinding
classification
liberation
Opis:
The use of centrifugal gravity concentration in the closed-grinding circuit of a gold-containing massive sulphide ore was tested on classifier underflow and overflow. A continuous Knelson CVD6 was retrofitted to the hydrocyclone underflow for recovery of Au and Pb at a coarser feed size. The objective of treatment of overflow was recovering unliberated Au prior to flotation. The tests were performed in actual operating conditions at Nyrstar’s Myra Falls Mine. The results of the tests on the cyclone underflow revealed that both liberated and unliberated Au and Pb were recovered by the Centrifugal Variable Discharge (CVD) concentrator. Concentrate grades <60g/Mg Au were attainable at a more than 20% recovery. This application also allowed early and increased Pb recovery before it became gravity unrecoverable by over-grinding. Other benefits included capturing middlings for regrinding as well as potential coarser grinding and increase in mill throughput. A coarse grind also corresponds to a reduction in deformation of Au-particles, and is beneficial for increased Au recovery in downstream processing. Treatment of cyclone overflow by the CVD also provided favourable results. The outcomes included capturing unliberated gold prior to flotation and potentially reducing pumping requirements and reagent consumption. A comparison of the metallurgical performances showed that CVD application on classifier underflow was more effective. The CVD was capable of recovering unliberated gold in sulphides and performed better at a coarser particle size. Therefore, when used with the grinding circuit, a coarser grind can be applied and the CVD could be used to reject gangue at a coarser size.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 1; 115-126
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dispositional group and special fitness in hand-to-hand combat. Kickboxing exercises and profiled circuit training
Autorzy:
Ambroży, Tadeusz
Piwowarski, Juliusz
Nowak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1879445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
security culture
physical culture
counterterrorism
special preparation
Opis:
This article is a result of researches concerning influence of the elements of kickboxing and profiled circuit training on the overall fitness of members of dispositional groups, such as antiterrorists. Taking into account the special features necessary for such people, for the experiment we chose exercises that are the best to develop them. Members of dispositional groups need special preparation so they could efficiently fight with the offenders, who threat the security. The research experiment described is of interdisciplinary character, as it regards an interdisciplinary branch of studies – securitology. Security studies, to develop the security culture, must be based on empiric researches and consists of practical elements, as there is no place for speculative theories of doubtful quality here. Therefore researches on special preparation of dispositional groups are of great importance.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2013, 10(10); 73-82
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Variable-Intensity Running Training and Circuit Training on Selected Physiological Parameters of Soccer Players
Autorzy:
Ambroży, Tadeusz
Nowak, Mateusz
Omorczyk, Jarosław
Wrześniewski, Krzysztof
Ozimek, Mariusz
Duda, Henryk
Mucha, Dawid
Ceranowicz, Piotr
Pałka, Tomasz
Stanula, Arkadiusz
Mucha, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
circuit training
physiological parameters
soccer players
variable-intensity running training
Opis:
Proper planning of the training process based on individual LT and AT metabolic thresholds is essential to improve athletic performance. Development of endurance in soccer players is mainly based on continuous runs and variable-intensity runs, supplemented with strength conditioning and sport-specific training. The aim of the study was to analyse selected parameters of physical capacity of soccer players after 8-week variable-intensity running training and circuit training. The experiment was carried out in a group of 34 soccer players aged 21 to 26 years. The athletes were divided into two groups: 17 people in the experimental group and 17 people in the control group. The experimental group was involved in 30-minute tempo runs two times a week for 8 weeks with variable intensity at AT. In the same period, the control group performed two 60-minute continuous runs at the intensity of 70-75%HRmax. The determination of metabolic thresholds used two indirect tests: the multistage shuttle run test (beep test) and maximal lactate steady state test (MLSS) with author's own modification. In order to evaluate maximal heart rate (HRmax), the research procedure was started from the beep test (distance: 20 m). The speed at the first level was 8.5 km/h and increased with each level by 0.5 km/h. Training of the experimental group where variable exercise intensity was used caused a statistically significant increase in HRmax (by 1.9%) and blood lactate levels at the AT (by 20.5%). The training in the experimental group led to the statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the parameters of the following variables: HRmax (by 1.9%); lactate level (by 7.85); HR at the AT (by 1,9%); lactate level at the AT (by 20.5%). The assumptions of the experimental training did not cause statistically significant changes in pretest vs. posttest HRmax and blood lactate levels for the LT. Endurance training with high intensity is more effective in soccer players compared to training with moderate intensity. Development of special endurance in soccer should also assume the intensity and method of working similar to the method used during sport competition.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2018, 23, 3; 25-35
2300-9705
2353-2807
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Biological and Chemical Leaching of Copper, Nickel and Zinc from Circuit Boards
Autorzy:
Andrzejewska-Górecka, Dorota Anna
Poniatowska, Agnieszka
Macherzyński, Bartłomiej
Wojewódka, Dominik
Wszelaka-Rylik, Małgorzata Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
bioleaching
chemical leaching
e-waste
PCBs
heavy metals
Opis:
The progress of civilization brings with it the development of advanced technologies and increased demand for electric and electronic equipment. That directly influences the increase of produced e-waste, called Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Due to the fact that deficit and critical metals are running out throughout the World, and due to increased demand for those metals, their alternative source and recovery methods have to be found. As an alternative biotechnological methods can be used. The advantage of biological methods over chemical processes is its selectivity in regard to different metal groups, simplicity of technological process, economic effectivity (lower energy expenditure) and lack of negative impact on environment. The aim of this work was to compare the effectiveness of biological and chemical leaching of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) from circuit boards (PCBs).The experiment was conducted in variants which included factors such as temperature (24°C and 37°C) and speed of mixing. In case of all metals higher effectiveness was achieved in variants conducted in the temperature of 24°C and faster mixing than in temperature of 37°C and slower mixing. In case of cooper and zinc better results of metal removal were achieved in bioleaching variant. In case of nickel faster result of metal removal were achieved in chemical leaching, but at the end of the experiment the effectivity of chemical leaching and biological leaching was similar. The maximum efficiency of cooper, nickel and zinc release was adequately 100%, 90%, 65%.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 9; 62-69
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling the characteristics of high-k HfO2-Ta2O5 capacitor in Verilog-A
Autorzy:
Angelov, G. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
modelowanie elementów elektronicznych
model kompaktowy
symulacja obwodu
dielektryk bramkowy o wysokiej przenikalności elektrycznej
Verilog-A
Spectre
device modeling
compact models
circuit simulation
high-k gate dielectric
Opis:
A circuit simulation model of a MOS capacitor with high-k HfO2-Ta2O5 mixed layer is developed and coded in Verilog-A hardware description language. Model equations are based on the BSIM3v3 model core. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are simulated in Spectre circuit simulator within Cadence CAD system and validated against experimental measurements of the HfO2-Ta2O5 slack structure.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2011, 2, 3; 105-112
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Potential Modeling of a High-k HfO2-Ta2O5 Capacitor in Verilog-A
Autorzy:
Angelov, G. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
modelowanie elementów elektronicznych
model kompaktowy
PSP
symulacja obwodu
dielektryk bramkowy o wysokiej przenikalności elektrycznej
Verilog-A
Spectre
device modeling
compact models
circuit simulation
high-k gate dielectric
Opis:
A compact model of a high-k HfO2-Ta2O5 mixed layer capacitor stack is developed in Matlab. Model equations are based on the surface potential PSP model. After fitting the C-V characteristics in Matlab the model is coded in Verilog-A hardware description language and it is implemented as external library in Spectre circuit simulator within Cadence CAD system. The results are validated against the experimental measurements of the HfO2-Ta2O5 stack structure.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2012, 3, 3; 111-118
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lossless transmission lines terminated by crystal oscillator circuit
Autorzy:
Angelov, Vasil G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Fixed point theorem
Kirchhoff’s law
Lossless transmission line
Mixed problem for hyperbolic system
Neutral equation
Periodic solution
Opis:
The present paper deals with ТЕМ propagation of waves along lossless transmission lines terminated by a crystal oscillator circuit. The crystal oscillator circuit generates nonlinear boundary conditions derived by the Kirchhoff’s law. Then the mixed problem for the hyperbolic transmission line system to an initial value problem for neutral system on the boundary is reduced. The main purpose of the present paper is to show an existence-uniqueness of a periodic solution of the neutral system. This is achieved by introducing a suitable operator acting on a space of periodic functions. Its fixed point is a periodic solution of the neutral system. The advantages of the presented method on numerical example are demonstrated. The solution can be obtained by successive approximations.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 132; 65-83
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Symulacyjne badanie procesu uszkadzania klatki wirnika silnika indukcyjnego podczas jego rozruchu
Simulation testing of damage process in induction motor rotor cage during motor start-up
Autorzy:
Antal, M.
Zawilak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/320343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
silnik indukcyjny
symulacja polowo-obwodowa
uszkodzenie prętów klatki wirnika
induction motor
field-circuit simulation
broken rotor bars
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki polowo-obwodowej symulacji takiego rozruchu silnika indukcyjnego obciążonego stałym momentem znamionowym, podczas którego pękają kolejne pręty klatki wirnika. Badania wykonano przy użyciu zweryfikowanego pomiarowo modelu silnika malej mocy (1,5 kW). W obliczeniach założono, że w czasie trwającego 0,6 s rozruchu pękają kolejne, sąsiadujące ze sobą, pręty wirnika. Pierwszy z nich pęka po czasie 0,1 s od rozpoczęcia rozruchu. W wyniku tego uszkodzenia wzrastają prądy w sąsiednich prętach klatki, co może być przyczyną pęknięcia następnego pręta. Taki założony przebieg zjawiska zamodelowano, przyjmując czasy wyłączenia kolejnych sześciu prętów. W wyniku obliczeń wyznaczono zmiany rozkładu pola magnetycznego i następnie czasowe charakterystyki momentu, prędkości obrotowej, prądów fazowych stojana oraz prądów prętów klatki wirnika.
The work presents field-circuit simulation results of squirrel cage, induction motor start-up with constant nominal load. During the start-up consecutive rotor bars are cracking. Computations were realized in the field-circuit model (Fig. 1) of small power (1.5 kW) squirrel cage induction motor, verified by measurements. In computation assumed that during the simulation (0.6 s) consecutive neighboring rotor bars are cracking. The first of them is cracking 0.1 s after start-up. As a result of this failure, currents of the neighboring rotor bars are increasing, which could be a reason of following rotor bar cracks. Assumed course of phenomenon was modeled for next 6 rotor bars that are disconnected in assumed times. Variations of magnetic field distribution (Fig. 2) and transient characteristics of electromagnetic torque (Fig. 3), rotational speed (Fig. 4), stator currents (Fig. 5) and rotor bars currents (Fig. 6) were realized computationally.
Źródło:
Elektrotechnika i Elektronika; 2006, 25, 2; 114-118
1640-7202
Pojawia się w:
Elektrotechnika i Elektronika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza obwodu elektromagnetycznego silnika o biegunach wpisywanych
Analysis of electromagnetic circuit of written pole motor
Autorzy:
Antczak, M.
Kapelski, D.
Siwiec, J.
Szeląg, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/376711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
silnik o biegunach wpisywanych
obwód elektromagnetyczny
metoda elementów skończonych krawędziowych
algorytm kolejnych kroków czasowych
Opis:
Przedstawiono budowę i zasadę działania silników o biegunach wpisywanych. Do analizy silnika zaproponowano dwuwymiarowy połowy model zjawisk elektromagnetycznych uwzględniający histerezę magnetyczną materiałów magnetycznie twardych. W rozważaniach uwzględniono ruch wirnika, nieliniowe właściwości materiałów magnetycznie miękkich oraz prądy wirowe indukowane w elementach masywnych przewodzących. Do rozwiązania równań modelu wykorzystano metodę elementów skończonych krawędziowych oraz algorytm kolejnych kroków czasowych. Opracowaną metodę oraz oprogramowanie wykorzystano do analizy silnika o biegunach wpisywanych.
In the paper an electric motor with written poles has been presented. To the analysis of electromagnetic and mechanical motion phenomena in the motor the field-circuit model has been proposed. In the consideration the magnetic hysteresis of permanent magnet material has been taken into account. The numerical implementation of proposed model is based on the FEM and a step-by-step algorithm. Elaborated method and software has been applied to the analysis of written pole motor. Chosen results of analysis of electromagnetic circuit of a written pole motor have been presented.
Źródło:
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering; 2013, 75; 17-24
1897-0737
Pojawia się w:
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FE analysis of electromagnetic circuit of a written pole motor
Autorzy:
Antczak, M.
Kapelski, D.
Siwiec, J.
Szeląg, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
Tematy:
written pole motors
magnetic hysteresis
coupled phenomena
Opis:
The structure and working principle of a written pole motor are presented. To the analysis of the motor, a field-circuit model of electromagnetic phenomena that takes into account magnetic hysteresis of magnetically hard materials is applied. The motion of the rotor, non-linear properties of magnetically soft materials, and eddy currents induced in the conductive massive materials are taken into account. To solve the equations of the proposed model, the finite edge element method and step-by-step algorithm are used. The elaborated method and software are applied to the analysis of the written pole motor.
Źródło:
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering; 2013, 11; 168-175
1508-4248
Pojawia się w:
Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel method of handling tolerances for analog circuit fault diagnosis based on normal quotient distribution
Autorzy:
Ao, Y.
Shi, Y.
Zhang, W.
Li, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
soft-fault diagnosis
analog circuit
Normal Quotient Distribution
Slope Fault Model
Opis:
While the Slope Fault Model method can solve the soft-fault diagnosis problem in linear analog circuit effectively, the challenging tolerance problem is still unsolved. In this paper, a proposed Normal Quotient Distribution approach was combined with the Slope Fault Model to handle the tolerances problem in soft-fault diagnosis for analog circuit. Firstly, the principle of the Slope Fault Model is presented, and the huge computation of traditional Slope Fault Characteristic set was reduced greatly by the elimination of superfluous features. Several typical tolerance handling methods on the ground of the Slope Fault Model were compared. Then, the approximating distribution function of the Slope Fault Characteristic was deduced and sufficient conditions were given to improve the approximation accuracy. The monotonous and continuous mapping between Normal Quotient Distribution and standard normal distribution was proved. Thus the estimation formulas about the ranges of the Slope Fault Characteristic were deduced. After that, a new test-nodes selection algorithm based on the reduced Slope Fault Characteristic ranges set was designed. Finally, two numerical experiments were done to illustrate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2012, 19, 4; 817-830
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 824

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