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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    The Albanian mechanism for guaranteeing the right to compensation for unjust imprisonment and wrongful conviction, in the light of obligations arising from international acts
    Autorzy:
    Hajdini, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
    Tematy:
    right to compensation
    unjust imprisonment
    wrongful conviction
    compensation mechanism
    miscarriage of justice
    Opis:
    Punishment with imprisonment and the security measureof detention on remand, are among the most severe sanctions and convictions provided by the albanian criminal legislation. The unjust serving of such measures or punishments implies serious psychological and economic consequences for both the convicted person and his/her family members. Similar to the infringement of any right and freedom, the unjust infringement of the right to liberty, induces the obligation to return the person in the previous state and to provide compensation for related consequences. Besides the right to effective remedy, the international human rights acts provide, specifically, for the right to compensation of the person in cases of an unlawful arrest or detention, as well as in the case of serving an unjust punishment as a result of the miscarriage of justice. In both hereof mentioned cases, these acts acknowledge the right to compensation for unjust imprisonment, while leaving it to the member states to establish a special mechanism under the domestic legislation which would enable actual fulfillment of such right for the citizens of the said country. This paper is an attempt to present an overview of the Albanian legislation regarding the mechanism established toward the effective implementation of the right to compensation, in the case of decisions of the respective state institutions causing the unlawful or unjust imprisonment, from the point of view of respective international obligations.
    Źródło:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 10; 226-241
    2079-3715
    2309-1088
    Pojawia się w:
    Academicus International Scientific Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spreading the Word: Oral Transmission of the Bogomil Teachings, its Symbolism, and Biblical Exegesis
    Autorzy:
    Radovanović, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027717.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    the Bogomils
    oral transmission
    Biblical exegesis
    preaching
    symbolism
    Opis:
    The oral biblical exegesis and oral transmission, or the unwritten tradition, represent pillars in the circulation of texts and ideas since the very dawn of Christianity, both in orthodox and heterodox circles. Namely, this vast topic encompasses the concepts related to the concepts of the written sources and the spoken word, and their interrelation, and, furthermore, to the symbolism of the ear, Logos, and secret teachings (arcana). The role and impact of the oral transmission will be examined on the example of the Bogomils, and this paper will re-assess the importance and function of the oral transmission of the Bogomil doctrine. Therefore, the Biblical exegesis will also be analyzed in that key, and the question of the Bogomil preachers will be addressed. More broadly, the oral transmission of the Bogomil teachings can be observed as one of the modi operandi that the Bogomils resorted to in the aim of propagating their ideas, as well as possibly their interpretative manner to approach the Scriptural material and parables.  
    Źródło:
    Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 387-403
    2084-140X
    2449-8378
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ceranea
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spelt vs common wheat: potential advantages and benefits
    Autorzy:
    Bodroža Solarov, Marija
    Filipčev, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1430075.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
    Tematy:
    spelt
    common wheat
    advantages
    food safety
    orkisz
    pszenica zwyczajna
    zalety
    bezpieczeństwo żywności
    Opis:
    This work gives a brief review of existing studies that compares spelt and modern wheat from various aspects of quality including technological, nutritional, functional and safety performance. Spelt shows acceptable bread-making performances. It can be used for bread, cookie, cracker and pasta manufacture with some adaptations in processing. Regarding nutritional quality, spelt is very similar to wheat and represents richer source of selenium, folates, phytosterols and alkilresorcinols than modern wheats. From the aspect of food safety, spelt shows advantages as being a hulled wheat.
    Źródło:
    Acta Innovations; 2020, 35; 57-64
    2300-5599
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Innovations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected Cryptocurrency Returns and Capital Gains Tax - Based on the Example of Countries with Varying Degrees of Legal Regulations Concerning Cryptocurrencies
    Stopy zwrotu z wybranych krytpotwalut a podatek od zysków kapitałwych na przykładzie krajów o różnym stopniu uregulowań prawnych dotyczących kryptowalut
    Autorzy:
    Gniadkowska-Szymańska, Agata
    Olgić Draženović, Bojana
    Suljic Nikolaj, Stella
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    kryptowaluty
    regulacje prawne dotyczące kryptowalut
    podatek od zysków kapitałowych
    BITCONE
    ETC
    taxes
    cryptocurrency
    regulation
    capital gains tax
    bitcoin
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The purpose of this article is to present the impact of capital gains tax on the returns of the two most popular cryptocurrencies: BITCOIN and Ethereum Classic (ETC). Methodology: In this study, the rates of return on selected cryptocurrencies were proposed as a variable that may be affected by taxes on capital gains. The article presents a new approach to the analysis of issues related to cryptocurrencies. Results of the research: The results show that for selected countries (Hungary, Italy, Poland, the USA) there is a correlation between the tax rate on capital gains and the return on ETC. In the case of BITCON, however, there is no such a relationship.
    Cel artykułu/hipoteza: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu podatku od zysków kapitałowych na zwroty dwóch najpopularniejszych kryptowalut: BITCOIN i Ethereum Classic (ETC). Metodyka: W niniejszym opracowaniu stopy zwrotu z wybranych kryptowalut zostały za-proponowane jako zmienna, na którą mogą wpływać podatki od zysków kapitałowych. Artykuł przedstawia nowe podejście do analizy zagadnień związanych z kryptowalutami. Wyniki/Rezultaty badania: Wyniki pokazują, że dla wybranych krajów (Węgry, Włochy, Polska, USA) istnieje korelacja między stawką podatku od zysków kapitałowych a zwro-tem z ETC. W przypadku BITCON-u jednak takiej relacji nie ma.
    Źródło:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, 3, 35; 53-64
    2391-6478
    2353-5601
    Pojawia się w:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Practical problems for introductory electrical engineering
    Autorzy:
    Makal, Jarosław
    Alinejad, Aria
    Lundheim, Lars
    Bolstad, Torstein
    Tybell, Thomas
    Hardeberg Zimmermann, Pauline
    Białostocka, Anna
    Choroszucho, Agnieszka
    Forenc, Jarosław
    Karpiuk, Andrzej
    Sierocka, Honorata
    Steckiewicz, Adam
    Gajić, Bojana
    Raičević,, Nebojša B.
    Suproniuk, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2204855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Opis:
    What makes up a good problem? We will not attempt to give a complete answer to that question. A partial answer is that, for engineering education, it is desirable if a problem in some sense is practical. It should, if possible, relate to the students’ previous experience, connect to applications that the student knows or is about to learn about. Such experienced relevance of the problem might be the spark that inspires an otherwise marginally motivated learner.When selecting problems for this booklet, we have chosen such ones that in our experience have served us well. Several of them have been developed and revised in collaboration with students and learning assistants and have been tried out in courses at our respective institutions. Even though intended learning objectives may be common, the actual syllabus and course construction must always be adapted to local culture, tradition and administrative requirements. A reader may find that some of our suggestions fit well with his or her own way of teaching, others not.
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Love and enjoyment in context: Four case studies of adolescent EFL learners
    Autorzy:
    Pavelescu, Liana Maria
    Petrić, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780977.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    adolescent learners
    EFL
    enjoyment
    love
    positive emotions
    Opis:
    This study explores the foreign language learning emotions of four EFL adolescent students in Romania and the ways in which their emotions emerge in their sociocultural context. Multiple qualitative methods were employed over a school semester, including a written task, semi-structured interviews with the learners and their teachers, lesson observations and English-related events outside the classroom. It was found that, while all four participants reported experiencing positive emotions in language learning, a distinction was identified in the intensity and stability of their emotions. Two participants expressed a strong and stable emotion of love towards English, while the other two participants experienced enjoyment in their English language learning without an intense emotional attachment to English. Unlike enjoyment, love was found to be the driving force in the learning process, creating effective coping mechanisms when there was a lack of enjoyment in certain classroom situations and motivating learners to invest greater effort into language learning in and out of the classroom. The findings thus revealed that, unlike enjoyment, love broadened cognition and maintained engagement in learning. The study emphasizes the role of strong, enduring positive emotions in teenage students’ language learning process.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2018, 8, 1; 73-101
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is the holistic physical factor linked to life satisfaction in older age?
    Autorzy:
    Kaučič, Boris Miha
    Ovsenik, Marija
    Filej, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162772.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-18
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    quality of life
    risk factors
    satisfaction with life
    physical factor
    health literacy
    older person
    Opis:
    Background The physical factor (health literacy, health status, functional ability to perform daily basic and instrumental activities and risk factors) is linked to life satisfaction in older age. The aim of this study is to establish the correlation between the physical holistic factor and life satisfaction in older age. Material and Methods The quantitative research method was used. In order to sample the data, the authors chose a simple random sample. The designed questionnaire was filled in by 1064 older persons aged ≥ 65 years, living in social care institutions/nursing homes for older persons or in the home environment. The number of correctly completed survey questionnaires was 656. In order to measure life satisfaction, the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used. Within the physical factor, 4 indexes were formed. In order to be able to show the desired influences or links between the physical factor and life satisfaction, the authors used propensity score methods. Results The individual indexes within the physical factor are linked to life satisfaction to a varying degree: health literacy (R² = 0.137), health status (R² = 0.047), the functional ability to perform daily basic and instrumental activities (R2 = 0.015), and risk factors (R² = 0.001). The physical holistic factor is linked to life satisfaction in older age (R² = 0.05). Conclusions With this research, the authors have proven that the older persons with high levels of health literacy, a good health status without chronic diseases, who are independent in performing daily basic and instrumental activities, and do not have any risk factors present, are more satisfied with their lives. Med Pr. 2019;70(5):535–43
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2019, 70, 5; 535-543
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Institutional Development of Organic Farming in the EU
    Instytucjonalny rozwój rolnictwa organicznego w UE
    Autorzy:
    Simin, Mirela Tomaš
    Milić, Dragan
    Petrović, Marica
    Glavaš-Trbić, Danica
    Komaromi, Bojana
    Đurić, Katarina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314024.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
    Tematy:
    organic farming
    CAP
    sustainability
    development
    subsidies
    rolnictwo organiczne
    zrównoważoność
    rozwój
    subsydia
    Opis:
    The concept of sustainable development has been attracting the attention of the scientific and professional community for decades. Various researches and papers focused on the concept of sustainability, exploring it through the prism of the economic, ecological and social subsystem. In this paper, the authors focus on agriculture and its sustainability. Starting from the assumption that organic farming is a sustainable system production, the authors turn to institutional support, trying to find a link between EU agricultural policy (CAP) and the growth of areas in organic agriculture. The research showed that this kind of support system failed to play the role that was intended for it and did not lead to mass acceptance of organic agriculture everywhere. Authors on the example of Denmark, Germany and Italy show the extent to which state support has influenced the expansion of areas under this system. Also, the comparison with the US agricultural policy leads to the conclusion that support policies for organic production constructed on a one-dimensional focus of payments per unit area will not lead to the expected results in terms of further progress and development of the organic sector.
    Koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju przyciąga uwagę środowiska naukowego i zawodowego. Różnorodne badania i artykuły koncentrowały się na koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju, eksplorując ją przez pryzmat podsystemu ekonomicznego, ekologicznego i społecznego. W niniejszym artykule autorzy koncentrują się na rolnictwie i jego zrównoważeniu. Wychodząc z założenia, że rolnictwo organiczne jest produkcją systemową zrównoważoną, autorzy zwracają się ku wsparciu instytucjonalnemu, próbując znaleźć związek między polityką rolną UE (WPR) a wzrostem areału w rolnictwie organicznym. Badania wykazały, że tego rodzaju system wsparcia nie spełnił przewidzianej dla niego roli i nie doprowadził wszędzie do masowej akceptacji rolnictwa organicznego. Autorzy na przykładzie Danii, Niemiec i Włoch pokazują, w jakim stopniu wsparcie państwa wpłynęło na ekspansję obszarów objętych tym systemem. Również porównanie z polityką rolną USA prowadzi do wniosku, że polityki wsparcia produkcji organicznej zbudowane na jednowymiarowym skupieniu płatności na jednostkę powierzchni nie doprowadzą do oczekiwanych rezultatów w zakresie dalszego postępu i rozwoju sektora organicznego.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2023, 18, 1; 120--128
    1895-6912
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Ekorozwoju
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gastronomic and Wine Tourism as Regional Development Factor: Case Study – The Municipality of Šid, Serbia
    Autorzy:
    Đerčan, Bojan
    Kalenjuk, Bojana
    Bubalo-Živković, Milka
    Lukić, Tamara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178275.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Gastronomic tourism
    Regional development
    Wine tourism
    Opis:
    The first grapevine on the southern slopes of Fruška Gora was planted in the 276th year of a new era at the time of the Roman emperor Probus, in the place where today is located the settlement of Erdevik is. Since then, until today, on the territory of the municipality of Šid, viticulture is important. Viticulture in the municipality of Šid can be one of the most important industries. What helps the development of winemaking and viticulture in the municipality of Šid are the southern slopes of Fruška Gora, where various table and wine sorts of grapevine can be planted. The paper is aimed at the development of gastronomic and wine tourism in the municipality of Šid. The paper should emphasize the importance of gastronomic and wine tourism for this part of Srem. Gastronomic and wine tourism is primarily good for winegrowers who can offer their products and services to many tourists and not only to focus on the sale of wine to local people. In addition, wine tourism can become the driving force behind the development of many sectors of the economy that directly or indirectly provide services to tourists. The aim is to analyze the position of gastronomic and wine tourism in the Šid municipality through the analysis of the current state, and to propose on this basis a project for the improvement and development of these forms of tourism. Also, the aim is to point out through the proposals and plans the ways of improvement and better tourist presentation of the potentials offered by this vineyard area.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 88, 2; 183-198
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    FSO system performance analysis based on novel Gamma–Chi-square irradiance PDF model
    Autorzy:
    Todorović, Jelena
    Spalević, Petar
    Panić, Stefan
    Milosavljević, Bojana
    Gligorijević, Milan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    free space optics
    FSO
    Gamma-Chi-square distribution
    atmospheric turbulence
    pointing error
    on-off keying
    OOK
    Opis:
    In order to provide a novel analytically traceable free space optics (FSO) channel model for describing turbulence based irradiance fluctuations, following basic scintillation theory principles, we have derived closed-form expression for probability density function (PDF) of a new statistical Gamma–Chi-square model. Further, capitalizing on provided model, error performances of FSO system over on-off keying (OOK) transmission scheme both in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and misalignment fading (pointing error) is investigated. For both cases, the average bit error rate (ABER) at the receiving side of the system is determined in an analytically closed form. The results are graphically presented in order to analyze the impact of different levels of turbulence, as well as other relevant parameters, on the quality of the received signal in the OOK modulated FSO system.
    Źródło:
    Optica Applicata; 2021, 51, 3; 335-348
    0078-5466
    1899-7015
    Pojawia się w:
    Optica Applicata
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Duchowe – nowoczesne – naukowe. Wartości w dyskursie krytycznoliterackim Bojana Penewa
    Spiritual – Modern – Scientific. Values in Boyan Penev’s Literary Critical Discourse
    Autorzy:
    Drzewiecka, Ewelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52172147.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Umiejętności
    Tematy:
    Bojan Penew
    wartości
    dyskurs krytycznoliteracki
    duchowe
    religijne
    Boyan Penev
    values
    literary critical discourse
    spiritual
    religious
    Opis:
    W artykule został podjęty problem rozumienia i wartościowania idei mających charakteryzować nowoczesną twórczość literacką i naukową, poświadczonych w dyskursie bułgarskich elit intelektualnych w okresie międzywojennym. Przedmiotem analizy są teksty krytycznoliterackie wybitnego historyka literatury i jednego z ojców założycieli bułgarskiego literaturoznawstwa, Bojana Penewa (1887–1927), zaś w centrum namysłu znajdują się sensy ewokowane przez kluczowe dla niego pojęcie tego, co duchowe. Interpretacja opiera się o założenia myśli postsekularnej, a więc uwzględnia kontekstualne rozumienie relacji „religijne – świeckie”, a także przyjmuje istnienie w procesie tworzenia sensów uwikłań o charakterze kryptoteologicznym.
    The article raises the question of understanding and evaluating ideas which should characterise modern literary and scientific work, as documented in the discourse of Bulgarian intellectual elites in the interwar period. The subject of the analysis is literary criticism of Boyan Penev (1887–1927), an eminent literary historian and one of the founding fathers of Bulgarian literary studies, and the notions that are evoked by the key concept of “the spiritual” are at the centre of the reflection. The interpretation is built on the assumptions of postsecular thought, and thus – it takes into account the contextual understanding of the “religious – secular” relation, as well as assumes the existence of crypto-theological entanglements in the process of creating meanings.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Słowian. Rocznik Komisji Kultury Słowian PAU; 2023, XIX; 95-107
    2451-4985
    2543-9561
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Słowian. Rocznik Komisji Kultury Słowian PAU
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cognitive Processing of Verbal Quantifiers in the Context of Affirmative and Negative Sentences: a Croatian Study
    Autorzy:
    Ćoso, Bojana
    Bogunović, Irena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    verbal quantifiers
    negation processing
    two-step model
    Opis:
    Studies from English and German have found differences in the processing of affirmative and negative sentences. However, little attention has been given to quantifiers that form negations. A picture-sentence verification task was used to investigate the processing of different types of quantifiers in Croatian: universal quantifiers in affirmative sentences (e.g. all), non-universal quantifiers in compositional negations (e.g. not all), null quantifiers in negative concord (e.g. none) and relative disproportionate quantifiers in both affirmative and negative sentences (e.g. some). The results showed that non-universal and null quantifiers, as well as negations were processed significantly slower compared to affirmative sentences, which is in line with previous findings supporting the two-step model. The results also confirmed that more complex tasks require a longer reaction time. A significant difference in the processing of same-polarity sentences with first-order quantifiers was observed: sentences with null quantifiers were processed faster and more accurately than sentences with disproportional and non-universal quantifiers. A difference in reaction time was also found in affirmatives with different quantifiers: sentences with universal quantifiers were processed significantly faster and more accurately compared to sentences with relative disproportionate quantifiers. These findings indicate that the processing of quantifiers follows after the processing of affirmative information. In the context of the two-step model, the processing of quantifiers occurs in the second step, along with negations.
    Źródło:
    Research in Language; 2016, 14, 3; 203-220
    1731-7533
    Pojawia się w:
    Research in Language
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Attitudes and orientation of employees in the Serbian catering industry about products with protected origin
    Autorzy:
    Ćirić, Miloš
    Janković, Ivana
    Kalenjuk, Bojana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193367.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    gastronomy
    geographical indication of origin
    protected products
    Opis:
    The subject of this paper is the knowledge and attitudes of employees in the hospitality industry about products with protected geographical origin in Serbia. In order to include these products in the gastronomic offer, data whether employees are aware of them must be obtained since they represent the main purpose of this paper. The aim of this paper is to investigate the knowledge level, awareness and attitudes of employees in catering and tourism in Serbia about the importance and the type of protected products and their representation in the gastronomic offer of Serbia. The critical review is in accord with the official regulations and guidelines under the law of the Republic of Serbia on protected products. Employees (n = 202) in restaurants on the territory of Serbia participated in the research. The data obtained by the survey were processed using descriptive statistics and presented in a table in the paper. Based on the conducted research, it was found out that the employees are familiar with the concept of protected food, but that their use is not sufficiently represented in the gastronomic offer of Serbia.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2021, 155; 23-35
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of job stress in workers employed by three public organizations in Serbia
    Autorzy:
    Aleksić, Aleksandar
    Trkulja, Marijana
    Cikota-Aleksić, Bojana
    Aleksić, Dragan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179145.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    Job Content Questionnaire
    job strain
    health-related problems
    Opis:
    Objectives: The present study analyzes job stress in terms of education, age and the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Material and Methods: A total of 411 workers employed by three public organizations completed the Job Content Questionnaire to classify their jobs based on the job strain model. Data about health condition, education and habits was obtained by the use of medical examinations and an interview. Results: The analysis of the completed Job Content Questionnaires indicates that workers with high education have significantly higher decision latitude (DL) than low-educated workers (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001). DL was also different between age groups (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001) - the highest DL values were observed in the oldest group, while the lowest DL mean was found in the youngest group. Psychological job demands (PJD) and social support (SS) were not significantly different between educational and age groups. The frequency of job stress categories was significantly different between low and highly-educated workers (χ² test, df = 3, p < 0.0001) and also between different age groups (χ² test, df = 6, p < 0.0001). The majority of highly-educated men were exposed to "active" jobs (high PJD and high DL). Most frequently, men older than 45 years experienced jobs with high DL ("active" and "low strain"), men aged 35 to 45 years were exposed to jobs with high PJD ("high strain" and "active") while the majority of men younger than 35 years were exposed to jobs with low DL ("high strain" and "passive"). No association between cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic disorders and different job stress categories was observed. Conclusion: "High strain" and "passive" jobs were most frequently identified among low-educated and young men. Despite the absence of association between job stress and cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases, we recommend prevention of work stress, particularly in the case of low-educated workers and workers younger than 45 years exposed to unfavorable job stress categories.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 3; 373-382
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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