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Tytuł:
Model altruizmu Garyego Beckera w perspektywie bioekonomicznej
Gary Becker’s Altruism Model in Bioeconomic Perspective
Autorzy:
Saryusz-Wolski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-11-25
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Opis:
Representatives of both economic and biological sciences have for a long time been struggling with a problem posed by empirically observable manifestations of altruism as a potentially irrational form of behaviour leading to a cut in individual consumption levels and being contrary to natural selection principles. Many economic models are based on the concept of material egoism of individuals, assuming that they maximise their individual consumption levels irrespective of the impact exerted by their behaviour on others’ consumption. This article attempts to present altruistic behaviour within the framework of one modern economic model and, by means of an interdisciplinary approach and on grounds of biological sciences, to prove rationality of that behaviour towards relatives by a person acting altruistically. To this end, William Hamilton’s biological theory of kin selection is presented in the first place. It is followed by Gary Becker’s model of economic altruism, proving that altruistic behaviour may lead to an increased level of an altruist’s consumption and translating the economic utility function into biological adaptation categories. Within the above-mentioned model it is attempted to prove that even individuals whose utility function does not involve interdependence with consumption of other individuals may take altruistic behaviour within the framework of manifestations of individual egoism. This is the case because they anticipate a positive secondary impact of altruistic behaviour on their own consumption. In another step, by means of enlargement of the Becker model into implication of the Hamilton law, the author proved rationality of an increased scope for altruism than is the case with the original version of this model, due to taking into account genetic interests leading to reproduction of someone’s genes thanks to relatives supported by that person.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2003, 188, 11-12; 38-50
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola psychologii w ekonomicznej teorii zachowań ludzkich Gary’ego S. Beckera
The role of psychology in Gary S. Becker’s economic approach to human behavior
Autorzy:
Fjałkowski, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Gary S. Becker
Jeremy Bentham
economic approach to human behavior
neoc¬lassical economics
moral psychology
Opis:
The paper presents an interpretation of G.S. Becker’s “economic approach to human behavior” with regard to relations of this standpoint in economic methodology with psychology. The aim of the paper is to properly identify the role that psychology plays both in works of Becker himself, and in the “economic approach”. Ties of psychology with the “economic approach” are subject to the analysis in the following aspects: Becker’s declarations, practice of his work, as well as in the context of methodological sources of inspiration of the “economic approach”, with the potential of its enhancement towards a more consistent use of findings of psychology. Beckerian methodology is presented in such a way, so as to highlight its historic and methodological roots and inspirations. It is considered as an uncompromised application of situational explanation, Popperian rationality principle, Robbins’ analytical definition of economic science, as well as Freidman’s view about the irrelevance of “realism” of economic model assumptions. The paper indicates that despite inspiration with Bentham’s psychology, the “economic approach to human behavior” fits into anti-psychologist paradigm in economic methodology. In accordance with methodological standpoints of Popper, Robbins and Friedman, Becker replaces “realistic” descriptions of human psyche with axiomatic, “unrealistic” assumptions of maximization and rationality. However, psychological knowledge is very relevant for Becker’s theory because it constitutes an important condition for accurate construction of individual utility functions. Therefore, by the utilization of a question from moral psychology, the paper presents the possibility of the ”economic approach” more deeply rooted in Bentham’s ideas, with potential benefits for explaining human behavior. As indicated by D.C. North, neoclassical economics poses a problem: Why do people comply with social institutions and keep promises under conditions, in which maximizing individual utility would suggest otherwise? A solution to this problem might be assuming the existence of a Beckerian commodity, that could be named moral self-satisfaction. This reasoning may run into criticism related generally to the elaborated methodological concept, with particular role of the “adhocery” accusation of Mark Balug. However, the concept of pleasures and pains bound with moral beliefs is rooted in our psychological, and even biological, knowledge about man, his needs and mind. The approach this paper proposes may be helpful in accomplishing a number of goals. First, the ancient forerunner of the “economic approach” Jeremy Bentham tried to create a comprehensive list of kinds of pleasures and pains. Such a list is increasingly more likely to be created in contemporary times, due to developments in psychology, unknown to Bentham. Secondly, developments in psychology may offer both inspiration and empirical support for particular commodities assumed in Beckerian utility functions,
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 4 (25); 54-63
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
J.S. Mill i G.S. Becker o równości kobiet i mężczyzn w społeczeństwie
J.S. Mill and G.S. Becker about gender equality in society
Autorzy:
Kraińska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
równouprawnienie
społeczeństwo
płeć
dyskryminacja
Opis:
W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia problemu dyskryminacji kobiet w aspekcie społeczno-ekonomicznym, uwzględniając poglądy J.S. Milla oraz G.S. Beckera. Praca Milla pt. Poddaństwo kobiet, zaliczana jest do kanonu myśli feministycznej, a Ekonomiczna teoria zachowań ludzkich autorstwa G.S. Beckera pokazuje, że na gospodarkę rynkową wpływ mają różne czynniki, które niekoniecznie są bezpośrednio z ekonomią powiązane. Obaj naukowcy, których poglądy zostały przedstawione w niniejszym artykule, są zdania, że kobiety są ofiarami dyskryminacji. Zarówno J.S. Mill, jak i G.S. Becker uważają, że gorsze traktowanie kobiet negatywnie wpływa na gospodarkę. Zdaniem tych wybitnych i zasłużonych ekonomistów każdy człowiek powinien mieć takie same prawa społeczne, ekonomiczne i polityczne
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 3 (11); 367-376
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exchange Coupled Double Layers for Magneto-Optical Applications
Autorzy:
Becker, S.
Rohrmann, H.
Roell, K.
Stobiecki, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953155.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.70.Ch
42.79.Vb
78.20.Ls
75.70.-i
Opis:
Optical data storage is a rapidly developing technique, which emerges in many varieties. Magneto-optical recording, in particular, applies amorphous rare earth/transition metal films, where a binary coded information is written thermomagnetically and is read by the magneto-optical Kerr or Faraday effect. To increase the writing speed and the recording density, techniques for direct overwrite and magnetically induced superresolution were proposed, which involve these of exchange coupled double layer systems as a storage media. In this paper, the principles and the properties of exchange coupled double layers are discussed with respect to the direct overwrite and the magnetically induced superresolution processes. A formalism based on a switching field diagram is developed yielding all information necessary to achieve reliable and practical writing procedures. As an example, the direct overwrite capability is demonstrated experimentally in antiparallel coupled layer systems.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 1; 55-65
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and characterization of Pt/CeO$\text{}_{x}$ systems for catalytic CO oxidation reaction
Autorzy:
Wróbel, R.
Łagonda, S.
Narkiewicz, U.
Pełech, R.
Becker, S.
Szymaszkiewicz, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Opis:
Four different ceria supported catalyst were prepared by impregnation method with Pt(NO$\text{}_{3}$)$\text{}_{2}$ solution. The two supports are commercially available (MaTeck) and the other two were prepared by precipitation and microwave assisted hydrothermal method (MAH) respectively. The phase composition and average crystallite size of the catalysts were characterised with XRD technique. Finally the catalytic activity in CO oxidation reaction were determined in plug flow reactor in temperature range 300-900 K with 1 K resolution. The catalysts obtained in both precipitation and MAH methods exhibit catalytic activity at room temperature whereas catalysts obtained on MaTeck supports are not active at those conditions. In turn, catalysts based on MaTeck support are more active in temperature range 420-700 K. The different activities are attributed to difference in average crystallite sizes and in support morphology.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia; 2011, 66; 37-46
2083-358X
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Chemistry of Zirconia Nanopowders Doped with $Pr_2O_3$: an XPS Study
Autorzy:
Suchorski, Y.
Wrobel, R.
Becker, S.
Opalińska, A.
Narkiewicz, U.
Podsiadly, M.
Weiss, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
79.60.-i
61.46.-w
61.46.Hk
Opis:
Zirconia nanopowders of tetragonal crystallographic structure doped with $Pr_2O_3$ were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and coprecipitation method. The surface compositions were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanopowder particles appear to be inhomogeneous in their structure: for the surface region an enrichment with praseodymium is detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This allows the assumption of a core-shell-like structure of single nanopowders particles. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm also $Zr^{4+}$ and $Pr^{3+}$ as main oxidation states of zirconium and praseodymium in the studied compounds.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, S; S-125-S-134
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kosmopolska Artura Beckera – przestrzeń otwarta, przestrzeń poszukiwania własnej tożsamości
Kosmopolska (“Cosmopoland”) by Artur Becker – an open space, a space for exploring one’s own identity
Autorzy:
Gospodarczyk, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26731329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Artur Becker
Cosmopoland
narrative identity
Charles Taylor
Paul Ricoeur
Kosmopolska
tożsamość narracyjna
Opis:
As a Polish writer of German-language works, Artur Becker sees his work and his biography in his self-narrative at the interface of the German language he chose and the Polish culture and language he abandoned due to his emigration to Germany. His novels address the crisis of identity and the search for identity of his characters in exile or on their return to their homeland of Warmia and Masuria. Becker’s collection of essays, published in Polish under the title Kosmopolska i Kosmopolacy. W poszukiwaniu europejskiego domu. Eseje (2019), is also a discourse on the search for identity. The article is an attempt to characterise the Becker’s definition of the term Kosmopolska, which incidentally comes from another émigré writer, A. Bobkowski. Kosmopolska turns out to be an open space, constructed narratively, that is a space of searching for and creating one’s identity in narrative and through language. This form of defining identity is part of P. Ricoeur’s and Ch. Taylor’s concepts of narrative identity. At each stations of the journey through Kosmopolska, Becker explains the many cultural patterns and codes rooted in Polish identity, but also shares his advice, literary experts, and thus becomes a mediator between cultures.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria; 2022, 22; 223-235
2081-1853
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nöte und Zäsuren eines modernen Migrantenschicksals – der deutsch-polnische Grenzgänger Artur Becker und sein Roman ,Das Herz von Chopin’
Oppressions and turning points in the fate of the contemporary migrant – Polish-German writer-wanderer Artur Becker and his novel ,Chopin’s Heart’
Autorzy:
Krauze-Olejniczak, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Opis:
The following article aims at presenting the main emigration-related interpretative aspects of Becker’s prose and attempts to put them in the context of the post-colonial theories. The characters created by Artur Becker, who calls himself a “Polish writer of German language”, roam continually between the old and the new fatherland and struggle with the feeling of not belonging to any of these worlds. The experience of alienation in foreign country stems from a “transition” in a double sense: on the one side a physical change of the place of residence to Germany which means crossing the “mystical” frontier between the East and the West and on the other a fruitful caesura: the crisis of the identity leads the protagonists of Becker to the conclusion that this hybridity constitutes an intellectual potential and an existential skill.In the introduction, the foundations of the Postcolonial Theories will be outlined, with the emphasis on the concept of Homi Bhabha which postulates that the fluidity of identity forming in a symbolic “third space”, enables the cultural hybridity. Subsequently, after a short presentation of the characters and the work of Artur Becker, the research will focus on the novel Das Herz von Chopin (Chopin’s Heart), in which the main character – a financially successful car dealer who emigrated from the communistic Poland to Germany almost 20 years ago while being internally conflicted begins to explore a zone betwixt-and-between to find his own way to happiness. 
Źródło:
Studia Germanica Posnaniensia; 2013, 34; 163-172
0137-2467
Pojawia się w:
Studia Germanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Goście w pracowni Olgi Boznańskiej: Viktor E. von Gebsatteli i Alfred Wickenburg z Paulą Mordersohn-Backer w pobliżu
Guests at Olga Boznańska’s Studio: Viktor E. von Gebsattel and Alfred Wickenburg, with Paula Mordersohn-Becker also Nearby
Autorzy:
Kudelska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1787937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Olga Boznańska
Paula Modersohn-Becker
Vincent E. Gebsattel
Adolf Wickenburg
Opis:
Alfred Wickenburg w niepublikowanych Wspomnieniach krótko opisuje wizytę w pracowni Olgi Boznańskiej (1907), gdzie przyprowadził go Vincent E. Gebsattel, pionier teorii percepcji opartej o korelację czasu i pamięci oraz analizę wrażeń estetycznych. Gebsattel był zafascynowany twórczością malarki, która pojawia się w tekście wśród takich postaci, jak Kessler, Vollard, Gide, Bonnard, Rodin, Rilke. Wickenburg wspomina o zwiedzaniu wystawy Cézanna z Rilkem, a także o szczególnej roli Pauli Modersohn-Becker, która była przewodnikiem poety po wcześniejszych wystawach mistrza. Przy tej okazji wzmiankuje, że Boznańska przyjaźniła się z Becker, o czym nie ma mowy w literaturze przedmiotu. Ustaliłam, że malarki mieszkały na przełomie 1906/1907 przy Montparnasse 49. Nie wiadomo, czy się przyjaźniły, ale ich kontakt w drodze do mieszkań-pracowni jest prawdopodobny. Z dokumentów Becker wynika, że na pewno miały na to cztery, a być może nawet siedem miesięcy. Wspomnienia Wickenburga są jednym z wielu przykładów niedocenianych kontaktów artystycznych i intelektualnych Boznańskiej spoza kręgu polsko-francuskiego.
Alfred Wickenburg, in his unpublished Memoirs, briefly describes a visit to Olga Boznańska’s studio in 1907, where he was brought by Vincent E. Gebsattel, the pioneer of the theory of perception based on the correlation of time and memory and an analysis of aesthetic impressions, and who was fascinated by her work. Boznańska is presented in the text among such figures as Kessler, Vollard, Gide, Bonnard, Rodin and Rilke. Wickenburg mentions his visiting Cézanne’s exhibition with Rilke, and the special role played by Paula Modersohn-Becker, who was Rilke’s guide to Cézanne’s earlier exhibitions. He also suggests that Boznańska was befriended by Modersohn-Becker, a fact not mentioned in any of the literature on the subject. I have established, however, that the two woman painters lived in the same building at Montparnasse 49 at the turn of 1906/1907. It is not known whether they were friends, but their contact with each other seems probable. It can be inferred from Modersohn-Becker’s own papers that this possibility existed for a period of at least four months, and maybe for as long as seven. Wickenburg’s Memoirs are one example of Boznańska’s undervalued artistic and intellectual contacts outside of the Polish-French circle.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2021, 69, 4; 269-284
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maximilian Becker: Mitstreiter im Volkstumskampf. Deutsche Justiz in den eingegliederten Ostgebieten 1939—1945. München: De Gruyter Oldenburg, 2014, 352 s.
Autorzy:
Graczyk, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2018, 11, 2; 351-356
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 23

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