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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 129
Tytuł:
Uwagi o elementach "obcych" w uzbrojeniu w okresie rzymskim na ziemiach Polski
Remarks on the "foreign" elements in the Roman period armament on the territory of Poland
Autorzy:
Horbacz, Tadeusz J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941772.pdf
Data publikacji:
1983
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
As "foreign" elements the author regards weapons produced in the Roman or provincial Roman workshops as well as the closer or more distant immitations in form, construction details, stylistic features and so forth, reflecting a partial assimilation of foreign ideas on the local cultural background. In the light of former archaeological literature only comparatively few elements in the Roman period armament on the territory of Poland were regarded as “foreign" ones. This opinion has been partially revised in result of studies on the double-edged side-arms. The studies enabled one to distinguish the swords which were either evidently imported .(for instance the damascene pieces bearing the inscriptions and figural incrustations) or were believed to be imported (swords of gladius type fuller swords and :so on). Denoting an unequal value of classifying criteria, the author takes up an estimation of their usefulness for such purposes. This brings him to distinguish two groups of criteria: 1. directly and 2. indirectly useful ones. The paper concerns also the finds of fragments of the scabbard fittings in forms regarded in literature as the "Roman" (strap loops globular and crescent chapes, suspension rings and for strap). The “foreign** Influences upon the defensive armament may reveal in the finds of basses bronze shield scattered on the territory of Poland, Using the mail (lorica hamata) in the Roman period on the area in question appears a combined problem (finds from Witaszewice, province of Płock). Traces of the discoveries of other "foreign" elements of armament (for example the helmets, spear-heads, shields, dagger) met in archaeological literature «re verified by the author. Most of the “foreign" elements in Barbarian armament appears at the turn of the early and iate Roman period. In the 2nd half of 2nd century. A.D. certain areas of Barbaricum entered the zone of special imperial interest,and in result of that begun so much as the Marcoman Wars. It is evident also in other categories of archaeological sources. There is no need to overvalue the significance of those impulsions, at least when the Polish territory is concerned. In armament they are visible only on the swords and different kinds of fittings related to swords. The "Roman“ influences upon other categoriee of armament ибе to be either almost invisible or unrecorded. New qualities were accepted by selection and concerned only those elements the Barbarian warrior was familiar with. That was closely related to the Barbarian tactics and the way of maintaining a war. The adaptation of "foreign" idea which was partly or entirely unussful in the local circumstances would be nothing but aimless. In Barbaricum this process reflects its strictly local varieties, and in that context the territory of Poland takes quite peripherial shape. In the author's opinion in most cases the armament of "foreign" 'features hgalnst the ^arbarian background was probably some immitation of the "Homan" pieces (forms, sort of raw-material-for instance the shield bo3ses-and so forth) including often the native features. So, the imports are unnumerous. Present state of investigations of the Roman period armament on the territory of Poland leaves much to be desired. An urgent need to carry cut some broadly outlined comparative metailographic analysis is likely to emerge. The application of the sole formal criterion-typical for the former research comes short and is no more sufficient at present.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1983, 3
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Naukowe aspekty techniki uzbrojenia; IIIrd International Armament Conference : III Międzynarodowa Konferencja Uzbrojeniowa, Waplewo - 2000 r
Współwytwórcy:
Chromik, Renata. Redakcja
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Warszawa : "BEL Studio"
Tematy:
Technika uzbrojenia materiały konferencyjne
Opis:
Na okł. podtyt.: Waplewo, 11-13.10.2000 r. - CD ROM zawiera pełne teksty ref. --- Tekst częśc. ang., ros.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Elementy uzbrojenia i wyposażenia jeździeckiego z nowożytnego dworu w Janiszewie na Kujawach Brzeskich
Elements of Armament and Horseman Equipment from a Modem Manor House in Janiszewo, Kujawy Brzeskie
Autorzy:
Poturalska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
In the years 1993-1997 archaeological field works were conducted at site 2 in Janiszewo. The works resulted in uncovering of a rural manor house which presumably functioned since the end of the 14th century until the beginning of the 19th century. Some of the articles found within the confines of the house can be numbered among armament and horseman equipment. We can ennumerate here: an axe, knives, a ball, a crossbow stirrup, a pistol, a spur and a horseshoe. The axe was identified as type IX (according to the typology by M. Glosek) and thereby it can be assumed that this tool was used only on special occasions. Since the axe bears features characteristic both for the period between the first half of the 13th century and the present times and since it was found within the limits of the house yard, its dating is very much limited. Similar problem with accurate dating arises in case o f recovered in the same place seventeen knives. Their pommels were from 5 to 15 cm long. Among the knives a fragment of a kitchen chopper was distinguished. An iron ball,17 mm in diameter, was presumably either a musket bullet or a bullet shot from a crossbow. The 16th or 17th century stirrup from a hunting or sports crossbow was helpful not only while tightening the bowstring, but also while hanging the crossbow on the wall. A pistol, with an octahedral 10 mm calibre barrel and a wheel lock, probably belongs to an early form of a pistol, still with a characteristic smooth barrel. Its origin may be dated to the end o f the 16th or the beginning of the 17th century. However, the 17th century spur with a star-shaped spike does not fit any o f the known spur typologies. A stirrup from the specimen from Janiszewo had been evidently damaged and repaired to be used again. Some of the features of the recovered horseshoe allow to identify it as the type IV, of the II nd group, with the fasteners o f type D, according to the typology by J. Kaźmierczyk. The above described finds were presumably used as either military, hunting or sports equipment. Only the destination of the pistol is unquestionable. The present work should be treated as my contribution to the researches on so far vaguely accentuated issue of archaeologically registered home arsenals from the rural manor foundations.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.2
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola Awarów w rozpowszechnieniu w Europie azjatyckich form uzbrojenia
The Role of Avars in Spreading Asiatic Forms of Armament in Europe
Autorzy:
Świętoslawski, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
As a result of influx of Avars to the central Europe in the 4th century' earlier unknown forms of armament reached our continent. As an example may serve an attractive head protecting helmet made of plates found in Niederstotzingen (Germany) (fig. 1A). It was dated to the 7th century. The oldest specimens of this sort of helmets come from South Korea (fig. 1 B). Their chronology was defined as second part of the 5th century. Numerous Asiatic analogies can be observed in case of broad, one-edged swords (pałasz) with ring heads found in Hungary in Avar graves coming from the 7th century (fig. 2 D). Their Far East analogies come mainly from south Korea and are dated to the 2nd half of the 5th and 1st half of the 2nd century (fig. 2 A-В). Younger specimens found in the Black Sea steppe in the eastern Europe, central Asia and west Siberia (fig. 2 C) are dated to the first centuries of the Middle Ages. Broad, one-edged sword (pałasz) was a basic form of long side-arms in the territory of Persia through central Asia to the Far East. In these territories it replaced earlier used sword. However pałasz lost its meaning and popularity after a sabre, a new type of side-arms, became popular. A sabre was the most popular type of long side-arms among the people of the Great Steppe. At present the question whether it originated from Asia or Europe can not be answered. The oldest known sabres originate from the 7th-8th centuries and come from the graves of Avars’ found in the territory of Hungary and the Black Sea steppes. So far no Asiatic sabres from those early times have been found. A sabre appeared useful and became popular among the steppe people who used high saddle with stirrups. Both saddles and stirrups were used by those nomads who migrated in the Asiatic part o f the Great Steppe. A stifT wooden-leather saddle with clearly distinguished pommel (fig. 3) is an example of early Mediaeval central and west European saddles, which is confirmed by archaeological finds. Undoubtedly, this type of saddle has an Asiatic provenience. The oldest saddles o f this type were found in the territories of the present China and Korea. They come from the 4th-5th centuries. They already have high wide pommels. Their shape is analogous to the forms of remnants of saddles found in the territory of present Hungary in the graves of Avars’ from the 7th century. Particularly important role in popularising stirrups in the territory of Europe and Asia was played by early Mediaeval steppe nomads. Finds of the earliest dated stirrups come from the are of present Korea and from north-eastern China. They are dated to the 2nd half of the 4th century. At the turn of the 5th century stirrups from the Far East were adopted by the nomads from the mid-Asian steppes. Whereas the oldest specimens of European stirrups, dated to the 1st half of the 7th century were found on the cemeteries of Avars’ in Hungary (fig. 5A).They have analogies among Chinese stirrups coming from the same period of time. A representation of a stirrup on a relief on the plate of the emperor Tayzung’s tomb (627-649) (fig. 5B) is an evidence. Among presented above Asiatic forms of armament predominate finds which have close analogies in distant from Europe territories of the Far East. Their occurrence in Europe at the beginning of the Middle Ages should undoubtedly be connected with the nomads of the Great Steppe. The Avars had an important influence on shaping new Mediaeval European armament, in many ways different from the ancient tradition.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.1
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan i potrzeby badań nad uzbrojeniem z okresu wczesnego średniowiecza na terenie Europy środkowej
Condition and Prospects o f the Researches on Armament in early Middle Ages in the Territory of Central Europe
Autorzy:
Głosek, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Archaeological excavations and archaeological and architectural researches are the main material source of attaining new, often fragmented elements of armament. Simultaneously war time contributed to the liquidation of many interesting collections of armament from central Europe. Weapons uncovered by archaeologists are very often the main element allowing to date a given site, identify social status of its owner, define range of trade and technical advancement of a given community. Intensification of archaeological researches in Poland at early Mediaeval sites is connected with the 1000th anniversary of the Polish slate. Numerous finds of armament uncovered during excavations were a subject of scientific study of such archaeologists as: A. Nadolski, W. Sarnowska, Z. Hilczerówna-Kurnatowska, J. Żak, W. Szymański. On this bases a group of experts in armament emerged. Among them are: A. Nowakowski, L. Kajzer, M. Głosek, К. Wachowski, W. Świętosławski and L. Maćkowiak. In Ukraine and Byelorussia the researches devoted to armament are just beginning to grow. Such names as G. V. Laskavy, S. A. Pivovarcik, J. A. Zajac or A. Kraucevic should be mentioned here. The development of scientific research on armament seems to be in a better condition in Lithuania and Latvia. The works by V. Kazakevicius, J. Stankus, K. Gabrunajte, R. Volkaitć-Kulikauskienć or L. Vaitkunskiene, as well as A. Anteins and M. Atgazis deliver general information about early Mediaeval armament throughout the territory of these two countries. Researches on armament in the Czech and Slovakia territory of are much more developed. Such authors as A. Ruttkay, J. Vladâr, D. Bialakovâ, B. Kavânovâ, N. Profantovâ, D. Hejdovâ, J. Eisner, R. Pleiner, E. Wagner, Z. Drobna and J. Durdik have seriously contributed to the development of knowledge of armament in their countries. Hungarian experts at arms systematically deepen their knowledge about armament, particularly as far as the period of “homeland occupation” is concerned. The armament of Avars and Hunes has also occurred to be a very interesting subject of studies. However, the somewhat outdated monograph by J. Kalmâr is the only publication summing up the achievements of Hungarian experts at arms. The studies of L. Kovâcs are noteworthy as well. No important progress has been recently noticed in the German knowledge on armament at least in the territory of eastern part of the country. The works by H. Muller and H. Kölling, I. Heind, U. Schoknecht, L. Diemer seam to support the above conclusion. After the collapse of the former USSR, newly bom states face great problems not only of financial nature. What they definitely need in order to form independent science is an exchange of achievements, experiences and literature as well as an aid of foreign specialists.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.1
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi o stanie i potrzebach badań nad uzbrojeniem na terenie Barbaricum w okresie wpływów rzymskich
Remarks on the Condition and Prospects o f Researches on Armament in the Territory of Barbaricum in Times of Roman Influence
Autorzy:
Kaczanowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Cultural transformations caused by the latenization at the beginning of early pre-Roman period brought fundamental changes in the quantity and character of archaeological sources from the territories of the European Barbaricum. Consequently, our cognitive possibilities as fаг as reconstruction of history of the territories of central and northern Europe is concerned significantly increased, in comparison to former chronological period of Iron Age. The above remarks also refer to armament. Finds from the younger pre-Roman period, grave material particularly, allowed to undertake broader studies on armament of tribes inhabiting the territories o f central and northern Europe.The finds of weapons are treated by archaeologists who deal with the late Laten and Roman issues mainly as sources enabling studies on chronology. Despite relatively high level of advancement of studies on typology and chronology of weapons from the younger pre-Roman period and the period of Roman influences it would be difficult to consider the state of researches as satisfactory. The problem of martial arts, in a broad sense of the word, of tribes inhabiting the European Barbaricum have not been subjected to detailed analyses so far. Few publications on this topic arc either of a very general character or just contributory and range of these studies does not reflect the importance of the issue. Most of the studies include numerous simplifications, not to say errors, mainly of methodological nature, particularly as far as chronology is concerned. Many of grave units less richly furnished and thus devoid of good date-makers are often mechanically assigned to wide chronological periods, whereas the inventories of fuller sets of weapons, richer and consequently better dated, are analysed within narrower phases or even sub-phases, which hardly corresponds to the life time of more than two generations. Despite the above described reservations we have a rich source base, allowing to make attempts to reconstruct armament and, at least partly, fighting techniques among the population inhabiting the European Barbaricum. The author of the paper describes a variety of military finds and conducts a thorough analysis of their location and origin. He deals with problems related to import of weapons from the territory of the Roman Empire in respective chronological periods and in various territories.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.1
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uzbrojenie w świetle źródeł pisanych w Polsce do połowy XIII w.
Armament in Poland in the Light of Written Sources Till the Half of the 13th Century
Autorzy:
Szymczak, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
In the paper all the written records concerning defensive weapons, protective weapons, horse armament, horse harness and horseman equipment found in the early Mediaeval sources such as chronicles by Gall Anonim, called Gall, and by Master Vincent, known as Kadłubek, and in the oldest hagiographie sources and the annals and several documents drawn up till the year 1250 have been subjected to analyses. Among offensive weapons the main role was played by edge weapon, /side- arms/, a sword particularly, defined as gladius, ensis, mucro, spatha. A dagger occurs as a pugio, but in some sources this word stands for an ordinary knife, that is cuhellus. Shaft weapon is represented by a spear - venahulum. The word lance stands, first of all, for lancea and hasta, but also for cuspis and pilu. Among the head weapon, a battle-axe, along with a pickaxe, are the most commonly mentioned type of weapon. Commonly occurring word xecuris, i.e. a hatchet, is a term describing both a weapon and a tool. Sporadically the word francisca occurs as a synonym of the word securis. Among shooting weapon occur a bow arcus and a crossbow balista, whereas sagittae, pila, iacula are the terms used for bullets. Among protective weapon a helmet, once described as galea, other times as galimate, and sporadically as cassis, seems to have a leading possition. Warrior’s body was protected with a lorica, most probably meaning a hauberk, although equally well this word may define scale-armour or lamel-armour. The term clipeus was used for a shield, less often also called scutum and pelta. A horse occurring as equus is a frequent quest visitor on the pages of early Mediaeval sources. Different breeds and functions of this animal were expressed by names such as cahallus and asturco as well as ambulator, palefridus, emmisarius and dextrarius. Horse bard and horseman equipment did not gain recognition in the eyes of the chroniclers who mention solely a saddle - sella, spurs - calcarium and a bit - frenum. Although the Polish early Mediaeval sources include a rich span o f names of weapons, yet they do not allow to identify precisely the types of arms in use. In chronicles literary form predominates over reality, the documentary sources having remained very scarce.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.1
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Średniowieczne uzbrojenie plebejskie w świetle odkryć archeologicznych, źródeł ikonograficznych i pisanych na ziemiach polskich
Medieval plebeian armament in the light of archaological discoveris, iconography and written sources in Poland
Autorzy:
Glosek, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
In Ihe medieval period no doubts are raised on proper classification of three representatives of the offensive armament: sword, spear and dagger (but not battle-knife). They should all be considered knight arms. It is generally assumed that in the late medieval period the plebs’ arms were battle-axes, battle flails, forks and above mentioned bludgeons of all types, spears, halberds, bows, choppers, cutlasses, and as regards protective armament - helmets of capalis and salada types. However, it does not mean that even in the late medieval period these elements of armament were only used by plebs, including also the middle class. Almost all the elements of armament (except battle forks) were also used by knights. In the 2nd half of the 15th century sable comes into use and were also used by the knights. This fact has been noted by chroniclers in a wedding suite of Casimir Jagiellon’s daughter - Jadwiga. This element of armament, in shape not very different from chopper, was also used by the plebs. In the battle of Grunwald in 1410, the knights, after having destroyed their spears, fought with swords and „securibus longius lingo extensis”. Face to face with the king Casimir Jagiellon a tournament duel with battle-axes between Jacob from Kobylany and a famous for tournament victories Englishman of unknown name. At the same time, peasants from Great Poland were called to defend the land from the Teutonic invasion in 1403 and were told to take „cum armis, arcubus, clypeis, lanceis, gladiis et securibus”. Even knights who belonged to the elite were wearing capalis, among others John from Czulice of the Czewoja clan. That is the reason why it is difficult to unambiguously state the class membership of many armament elements, which are nowadays preserved.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2004, 24
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 129

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