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Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 248
Tytuł:
Wiktymizacyjny wymiar zabójstw – warunki predestynujące do roli ofiary
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Małgorzata H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
victim of an off ence
victim of the homicide
relation perpetrator-victim
victim potential
predestining factors
victim risk factors
Opis:
Issues brought up of the role of the victim in the genesis of the offence of the homicide stayed in the article. Crime (including homicide) is an act occurring in the specific social and cultural context. It is a result of special links between the perpetrator and the victim and circumstances which decision-making processes of both subjects called. In the end the perpetrator is taking this process motivated action with desire for achieving the potential purpose which also desire for avoiding the danger can be. However victim carrying out specific activities of the everyday life she created opportunities or delivered to the possibility for fulfilling the criminal purpose. Largely of studies of crime concerning issues this issue from a perspective of the perpetrator is usually discussed with omitting the participation of the victim. The offence of the homicide is of special importance in this context above all on account of the express occurring report between perpetrator and with victim. Establishing the system of features creating the potential of victims was a purpose of the article. Since victimisation and so has both immanent and contextual character he includes not only individual features but also is connected with a social and cultural sphere. The problem analysis is based on distinguishing of the scope of the „fault” the victim (according to the Mendelsohna typology) in the context of the established motive for the homicide. Research problems adopted in examinations refer to the relational, situational, personality prospect what allowed for the multifaceted problem analysis, establishing essential areas of the victim potential of individual categories of victims. In examinations methods of the interview and searching secondary sources were used. Analysis of research arrangements is focused on indicating features predestining victims to the role (what the team of an immanent traits of the victim potential) and of victim risk factors (comprising the contextual aspect of the victim potential). The arrangements gave the possibility of formulating recommendations for the purposes of the prevention.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 3(103); 132-151
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Victim and Guardian: A Short Ethical Reconnaissance
Autorzy:
Jaranowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
victim
guardian
care
evil
responsibility
ethics
Opis:
The article Victim and Guardian: A Short Ethical Reconnaissance is a proposal for fundamental rethinking of the phenomenon of care and support in the context of the experience of evil. The author analyses the phenomenon of transitivity of evil, and describes suffering of a guardian as an extension of the harm done to the victim. He notices that the expectation of care occurring in a difficult situation is one of the fundamental claims in social life, and not receiving it is one of the most painful moral experiences. Finally, the author emphasizes the moral value of guardian’s participation in the defeat of the victim. He says that we do not need the notion of triumph over evil to recognize this value.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 2(112); 145-153
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Reyes Mate’s Theory of the Victim: Metaethical Sketches on Injustice
Autorzy:
Gan-Krzywoszyńska, Katarzyna
Leśniewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
victim
justice
injustice
responsibility
memory
historical responsibility
Opis:
The aim of our paper is twofold. Firstly, very original approach to the question of victims elaborated very thoroughly by Reyes Mate is presented. Unfortunately, his conceptualization of victimology is relatively little known outside Spanish and Latin American culture. It is meant as a basis for adequate theory of injustice and justice. Secondly, comprehensive and detailed metaethical analyses of fundamental concepts used by Reyes Mate are developed here by means of standard methods, i.e. triangle, hexagon, and octagon of logical oppositions.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2013, 4, 2; 63-77
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teoretyczne podstawy mediacji między ofiarą a sprawcą przestępstwa
The Theoretical Foundations of Mediation Between the Victim and Offender
Autorzy:
Czarnecka-Dzialuk, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
mediacja
ofiara
konflikt
przestępca
victim
offender
mediation
conflict
Opis:
Mediation as a method of conflict resolution also applicable to conflict resulting from an offences is the alternative of legal solution of disputes, a technique shared by various models that promote the use in practice of consensus. This novel plocedure fot conflict resolution (which is however derived from the traditions of the oldest societies) - a consensual one, based on agreement between parties - has been developing most dynamically over the recent decades, and pervaded all branches of the law in most legal systems (H. Jung, T. Marshall). In the specific context of criminal justice, mediation does not necessarily aim at conflict resolution. For this reason, it is defined as a process, where parties to proceedings are offered the possibility to actively participate in resolving issues that result from the offence, and are assisted in so doing by an impartial third person or mediator. Mediation may take a variety of forms (direct or indirect); it may be conducted by professional or lay mediators, under auspices of the law enforcement agencies or by an independent social organization, and the parties to it may include not only the victim and the offender but also their relatives and other supporters as well as representatives of the criminal justice system. As has already been mentioned, the origins of mediation between the offender and his victim date back to the oldest past when all issues related to harm involved in acts that are today treated as offences were adjusted in the course of negotiations by those directly concerned assisted by their families and clans. The offences was seen as a conflict between the victim and the perpetrator, with due consideration to the social context. Once the function of reacting to crime was taken over by the state, the reactions initially resembled the modern rules of civil law. Later on, when crime was interpreted as violation of the order established by the ruler, penal sanctions aimed not only at compensating the victim but also at supporting the authority of the state. Although Nils Christie's picture of the state stealing the conflict is a convincing illustration of this situation, the fact should be borne in mind that the state's taking over of the function of punishing was an immense cultural achievement of its time, especially for those members of the conmunity who were too weak to vindicate their claims (B.-D. Meier). Solutions that provide for specific forms of consensus can also be found in modern legal systems. In the area of mediation between the victim and offender, the practice outpaced theory. It was inspired, among other things, by examples of "community justice'' of non-Western cultures; by the movement on behalf of victims, the progress of victimology, the diversion conception, and abolitionism; by the theory of social peace and conflict resolution and by the conception of reparatory justice. This latter conception deals with most problems posed by the other ones. It is, however, difficult to define, and its essence is difficult to explain, especially if we try to embrace threads important for all the trends on which it bases. Thus in the end, a simpler definition suggested by T. Marshall won general acceptance: "reparatory justice is an approach to crime, oriented on solving the problem, which engages perionally all parties involved in it as well as the community, in active relation to the public sector institutions. It is not a specific activity but a set of ruled that may set the direction of the bulk of actions of all institutions or groups related to crime. Reparatory justice is a process in which all parties involved in a specific offence meet to reach a joint solution of the issue of effects of crime and conclusions for the future". This definition was subsequently modified somewhat by other authors. In particular, it was accepted by an international body - the International Research Network on Reparatory Juvenile Justice in its Leuven Declaration of May 1997 concerning advisability of promoting the reparatory approach to juvenile delinquency. Reparatory justice is discussed as a specific trend, approach, philosophy or even idea; according to most authors, however, it has not yet developed into a consistent theory, although incessant efforts are made towards this aim. The term "reparatory justice'' is attributed to R. Barnett; H. Zehr's contribution is the first general model of that justice as an "alternative paradigm of justice" whose main principles are opposed to those of the traditional retributive justice. Also J. Braithwaite's idea of "reintegrating confusion'' was of importance for the development of the reparatory justice conception. It is associated e.g. with Hirschi's theory of control, Matza's neutralization theory, Luhmann's systemic theory, and also with the traditional penal law theories under which evil has to be compensated by punishment, but compensation involving suffering prohibits a better arrangement of social relartions. Instead, reparatory justice balances the harm involved in crime through action aimed at compensation and “doing good” (Ch. Pelikan, B.D. Meier). M. Wright stresses that this conception largely tallies with the common-sense ideas as to how society should react to crime, supported by appropriate actions, analysis, and studies. Mediation and other restorative reactions are sometimes shown as responses that function instead, parallel or within the traditional justice system. Much speaks, however, for integration of reparatory justice with the criminal justice system. The approach that isolates mediation altogether from criminal justice pays insufficient attention to the danger of inequality of the parties to mediation in the area of efficient execution of their conflicting interests. Thus public interest requires that the course and results of mediation proceedings be supervised. The manner in which reparatory justice may replace repressive one depends first and foremost on the seriousness of crime. It is not in all cases that a purely reparatory reaction should be recommended as sufficient. This is among the frequent arguments of critics of reparatory justice (although even its supporters accept the existence of limits to its application). Skeptics also stress that reparatory justice violates a number of generally accepted rules of procedure, especially that of equality before the law (which, however, could be disputed) and the offender’s procedural rights due to him in criminal proceedings (which is in fact a weakness of reparatory justice, but collisions might be solved by appropriate rules and standards of the reparatory process or e.g. by judicial review of negotiated solutions). The conception of reparatory justice is often explicated through opposition of the basic models of reaction to crime (although faulty in some respects, this method well illustrates the most fundamental features). Reparatory justice is sometimes called the "third path'', an alternative to the (neo-) retributive penal law and the rehabilitation model which proves ineffective, and a fully mature self-standing model (L. Walgrave, I. Aertsen). M. Wright stressed two spccial ideas that distinguish reparatory justice from the traditional criminal justice system. The first of them is that the process itself constitutes an essential element of the reaction, that it is constructive and may even have a therapeutic importance. The other idea is compensation interpreted in a much broader sense - from symbolic actions such as work to those reducing the risk of the offender relapsing into crime. The justification and legitimization of mediation in criminal cases bases not only on new theorietical conceptions. Such justification can also be found in the assumptions of the traditional justice system. This is what B.D. Meier did assuming as his point of departure the penal law system's public function, including in particular that of restoring public order that has been violated through crime, and also that of preventing repeated violations. The traditional systems have always provided for two or three different models of reaction to crime. Prevalent is punishment imposed on the person who has been found guilty. The second model involves imposition of special measures irrespective of the offender's liability (security and preventive measures). The third model, of crucial importance for legitimization of mediation in the criminal justice system, consists in renouncing formal proceedings, e.g. in view of slight social harmfulness of the act, the fact that no public interest is involved in the imposition of penalty, or reasons of general and special prevention. According to T. Marshall, justifications of reparatory justice (fulfilled i.a. through mediation) should be sought in the community nature of the offence and its effects. Explaining the theoretical foundations of mediation between the victim and the offender is a complex task because of the multitude of its sources as well as theories and conceptions quoted, and particularly because of the lack of agreement as to the essence of the usually quoted conception of reparatory justice and as to its treatment as "competitive'' with fespect to traditional justice or (for which interpretation I would like to declare) as that system's highly profitable logical supplementation, improvement and expansion. Also in Poland, the practice of actions involving mediation have outpaced the theory: for several years now, there has been quite a rapid growth in its application in practice. In both spheres, there are many problems and challenges worth taking up. At the same time, expanding the theory is of importance for the practice. Explanation of the ideas, aims and foundations of mediation and of its position with respect to traditional justice is paramount for the institution's reasonable development, evaluation and shaping towards its meeting the expectations.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2000, XXV; 9-28
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Enforceability of the Victim – Offender Mediation Settlement in the Context of the Idea of Restorative Justice
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Barbara Jadwiga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
restorative justice
victim-offender mediation
secondary victimisation
victim’s needs
enforcement of mediation settlement
sprawiedliwość naprawcza
mediacja pomiędzy ofiarą a sprawcą
wtórna wiktymizacja
potrzeby ofiar
wykonalność ugody mediacyjnej
Opis:
The European Union is committed to protect and establish minimum standards with regard to victims of crime. Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. The Directive builds upon the key principle of the ‘role of the victim in the relevant criminal justice system’, so that any victim can rely on the same basic level of rights, regardless of their nationality and country in the EU in which the crime took place. The core objective of this Directive is to assume an individual approach to victims’ needs and to offer protection for victims of certain crimes, in particular, due to the risk of secondary victimisation. In this text, I am going to concentrate on the problem of enforcement of settlements reached in the presence of a mediator and to show samples of the results from qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in Łódź. The research aim is to show that the idea of restorative justice, in the light of the victim’s right to remedy of damage, when the settlement reached in the presence of a mediator is not performed, is fiction because it is only the perpetrator who benefits from the beneficial procedural effects of the settlement while the victim may be subject to secondary victimisation. I’d like to show a few important facts that should be taken into consideration when referring a case to mediation and when conducting a restorative justice process and current practice it in Poland.
Unia Europejska zobowiązała się do ochrony i ustanawiania minimalnych standardów odnoszących się do ofiar przestępstw. Dyrektywa 2012/29/EU Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z 2012 r. ustanowiła minimalne normy w zakresie praw, wsparcia i ochrony ofiar przestępstw. Dyrektywa opiera się na kluczowej zasadzie „roli ofiary w odpowiednim systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych”, tak aby każda ofiara mogła mieć dostęp do tego samego podstawowego poziomu praw, niezależnie od narodowości i kraju UE, w którym przestępstwo miało miejsce. Głównym celem dyrektywy jest przyjęcie indywidualnego podejścia do potrzeb ofiar oraz zapewnienie specjalnej ochrony ofiarom niektórych przestępstw, w szczególności ze względu na ryzyko wtórnej wiktymizacji. Niniejsze opracowanie jest skoncentrowane na problemie wykonalności ugody mediacyjnej oraz przedstawieniu wyników badań jakościowych i ilościowych przeprowadzonych w apelacji łódzkiej. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie kilku ważnych faktów, które należy wziąć pod uwagę, kierując sprawę do mediacji i przeprowadzając proces sprawiedliwości naprawczej.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2018, 27, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identity and aggression among adolescents
Autorzy:
Hanna, Liberska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896630.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-19
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
aggression
victim
perpetrator
adolescents
Opis:
Nowadays, there is a lot of research regarding two problems. One of them concerns a shaping of an identity in a period of adolescence and another one refers to aggression among young people. Researchers look for conditions of both phenomena in temperamental traits, personality, family, school, and peer environment specification. In the current research, attention was focused on a relationship between identity processes and entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim of aggression. An experimental group consisted of 167 adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years old. The following measurement scales were used: Mini-DIA (The Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory, Österman, Björkqvist, 2008) and DIDS (The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, Luyckx et al., 2008). The study’s results suggest a similarity in identity processes among girls and boys and a differentiating gender role in entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim. Moreover, there were identified significant relationships between an intensity of identity processes and experiences of a perpetrator and a victim.
Źródło:
Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2018, 56(14); 27-41
0033-2860
Pojawia się w:
Psychologia Wychowawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oskarżyciel posiłkowy jako instrument ochrony praw pokrzywdzonego
Auxiliary prosecutor as an instrument of protection of victim’s rights
Autorzy:
Habiera, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
oskarżyciel posiłkowy
pokrzywdzony
proces karny
auxiliary prosecutor
victim
criminal procedure
Opis:
W artykule dokonano analizy charakteru oskarżyciela posiłkowego w procesie karnym pod kątem jego przydatności dla ochrony praw pokrzywdzonego. Uwzględniając kontekst publikacji, autor skupił się wokół możliwości przysługujących pokrzywdzonemu, który skorzystał z uprawnień określonych w rozdziale 5. Kodeksu postępowania karnego. W szczególności omówiony został wpływ oskarżyciela posiłkowego na przebieg i kierunek postępowania karnego. Autor ukazał praktyczny aspekt prawnych zagadnień związanych z uprawnieniami przysługującymi każdemu, czyje dobro prawnie chronione zostało zagrożone lub naruszone przez popełnione przestępstwo. Artykuł został zorientowany wokół problematyki rozwiązywania konfliktu społecznego wywołanego przestępstwem. W ocenie autora pokrzywdzony, działający w charakterze strony, ma szerokie możliwości wskazywania organom postępowania kierunku dalszego działania. Na uwagę zasługuje również wpływ instytucji oskarżyciela posiłkowego na budowanie ogólnej kultury prawnej społeczeństwa, naprawienie szkody wywołanej przestępstwem oraz zbliżenie osób zainteresowanych prowadzonym postępowaniem do przekonania o istnieniu sprawiedliwego procesu karnego. Autor dostrzegł również kontrowersje związane z funkcjonowaniem omawianej instytucji w praktyce. Szczególnie wyodrębnione zostały dwa aspekty: prekluzyjny charakter terminu do wniesienia subsydiarnego aktu oskarżenia oraz dostęp do tłumacza w kontekście podobnego uprawnienia przysługującego oskarżonemu. W artykule wskazano możliwości rozwiązania tych problemów i tym samym poprawy systemu ochrony praw pokrzywdzonego w polskim procesie karnym.
The article analyzes the character of auxiliary prosecutor in criminal procedure in terms of its usefulness for the protection of victim’s rights. Considering the subject matter of the publication, the author focused on the entitlements of the victim who acquired the rights regulated in Chapter 5 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Particularly, the influence of the auxiliary prosecutor on a course of criminal procedure was discussed. The author presented practical aspect of legal rights provided to anyone who has been wronged because of the committed crime. The paper also covers possibilities of settling social conflict caused by the felony. In the opinion of the author the victim acting as a party to the proceedings has a broad spectrum of opportunities to aid law enforcement authorities by providing directions of further actions. Worth noting is also the impact the discussed institution has on shaping legal culture of the society, compensation to the injured party and creating a belief - among the parties to the proceedings - of the existence of just criminal procedure. The author indicated controversies connected with functioning of auxiliary prosecutor in practice. Two issues have been particularly individualized: preclusive character of the term to submit subsidiary indictment and accessibility of an interpreter with respect to similar right that the accused is entitled to. The article consists of possible ways to solve these problems and thus improve the system of protection of victim’s rights in the Polish criminal procedure.
Źródło:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM; 2017, Numer Specjalny; 37-48
2299-2774
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kto jest ofiarą? czyli o fenomenie samobójstw poagresyjnych
Who is the victim? Post-aggression suicide phenomenon
Autorzy:
Głuch, Katarzyna
Gawliński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Tematy:
Suicide
homicide
dyadic death
post-aggression suicide
extended suicide
victim.
Opis:
"Dyadic death" called an expanded and post-aggresive suicide is the suicide made after the murder. Its essence boils down to the fact that the suicide is closely related to motivation and causation of the pre-made murder or assassination. It should be noted that the offender before the event decides to broaden the circle of people for whom death seems to him/her a necessity. The closest relations usually are selected in terms of emotional, i.e. family members or unrelated people with whom the offender linkes a bond. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, but the most common ones are severe mental disturbance, inability to rectify the requirements of life or life disappointment. In this article, the issue of "Dyadic death" was discussed in a comprehensive manner, showing all its aspects, both theoretical and practical. There were presented: characteristic elements of extended suicide, the most common motives of committing, the qualification of legal and criminal action, the examples of "Dyadic death" that took place in Poland and the number of expanded suicides committed in this country.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland; 2013, 1; 84-99
2299-8055
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozycja pokrzywdzonego na tle przepisów materialnego prawa wykroczeń
The position of victim against the background of substantive misdemeanour law
Autorzy:
Sitarz, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
victim
misdemeanour
equality before the law
the responsibility rule
Opis:
The aim of this work is to establish to what extent discrepancies of substantive misdemeanour law (relating to criminal law), which stem from simplification of responsibility rules, impact the position of victim. There are no general rules and principles relating to formation of the position of victim in either criminal law or misdemeanour law. Only by analysing particular regulations of the both respective codes allows one to reconstruct the status of victim and confronting it on the plain of the two responsibility regimes in question. The said confrontation reveals far-reaching differences within the scope of victim’s position in substantive regulations of misdemeanour law, some of which weaken the victim’s position, while other – strengthen it. Although those differences vary to their weight, yet it seems that regulations restricting the presence of the figure of victim are more significant – they genuinely decrease the competence of a person to whom the harm was made. Amongst the said regulations, first and foremost, have to be counted those that relate to possibility of ruling compensatory penal measures, as well as regulations defining the periods of limitation (aside from other discussed regulations). The assumed dual model of responsibility within this scope, in some cases, compromises the principle of equality before the law enshrined in Article 32 paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2019, 29, 3; 51-65
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Crime Victim Survey ‘04/05: Polska na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej
International Crime Victim Survey 2004/2005: Poland and Selected Countries of the European Union
Autorzy:
Siemaszko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
International Crime Victim Survey
międzynarodowe badanie ofiar przestępstw
ocena pracy policji
punitywność
lęk przed przestępczością
ofiary przestępstw
wiktymizacja
victims of crime
fear of crime
victimization
ICVS
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 169-192
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empatia a doświadczanie i stosowanie agresji wśród młodzieży
Empathy versus experience, and the use of violence among young people
Autorzy:
Lewicka-Zelent, Agnieszka
Huczuk, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-13
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
empatia
agresja
agresywna ofiara
ofiara
empathy
aggression
aggressive victim
victim
Opis:
Young people are at risk from acts of aggression both at school, in the family and from their peers. Frequently, the victims themselves begin to manifest it as a result ofexperiencing it from other people. Another determinant of the level of aggression is mass media or negative role models (e.g. the use of humiliating and compromising images and words). Empathy is a skill which enables one to recognize another person’s inner states and processes when coming into contact with the person. Thanks to it, one is able to share the emotions of the other person, which reduces the risk of aggressive behavior. Therefore, it is vital that activities aiming at the development of empathy and reduction of aggression be included into working with adolescents. Such activities may include sensitizing training, aggression substitution training, relaxation training or psychoeducational workshops. The aim of the study was to determine the level of emotional and cognitive empathy of aggressive victims as compared to young people experiencing or using aggression.
Młodzież jest narażona na wszelkie akty agresji zarówno w środowisku szkolnym, rodzinnym jak i rówieśniczym. Często bywa tak, że ofiara agresji sama zaczyna ją przejawiać, wskutek jej doświadczania ze strony innych osób. Innym ważnym determinantem poziomu agresji jest przekaz medialny lub negatywny wzór do naśladowania (np. używanie upokarzających oraz kompromitujących obrazów i słów). Empatia zaś to umiejętność, która polega na rozpoznawaniu wewnętrznych stanów oraz procesów dotyczących człowieka, z którym wchodzi się w kontakt. Dzięki niej człowiek współodczuwa emocje drugiej osoby, co zmniejsza ryzyko występowania zachowania agresywnego. Dlatego tak ważne w pracy z młodzieżą jest prowadzenie zajęć rozwijających empatię lub obniżających poziom agresji, w tym: treningów uwrażliwiających, treningu zastępowania agresji, treningów relaksacyjnych, czy zajęć o charakterze psychoedukacyjnym. Celem badania własnego było ustalenie poziomu empatii emocjonalno-poznawczej agresywnych ofiar w porównaniu z młodzieżą doświadczającą agresji lub stosującą agresję.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2016, 11; 117-132
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE VICTIM AS A FORGOTTEN FIGURE IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM – A FEW REMARKS IN THE LIGHT OF PAST FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
Autorzy:
Kania, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
consensual methods of resolving the conflicts
victim
evolution of forms of punishment
Opis:
This article focuses on selected problems regarding the evolution of the punishment process. The starting point remains the assumption that regardless of the historical period, every palpable form of injustice related to a violation of a certain area of goods has resulted in an intervention approved at the given moment in history. The study notes that in the early pre-state period, seeking a remedy for wrongdoing was a private matter of the victim (or their family or clan) who could in that wayavenge on their own the injustice they had suffered. The process of publicising criminal law that began at the end of the Middle Ages has marginalised the process role of a victim in the possibilities to seek the remedy. However, the vertical criminal law relationship has, over time, changed to some extent. The privatisation of the justice system – especially noticeable nowadays – makes it possible to see that consensual methods of resolving conflicts caused by an offenceessentially contributed to the reversal of a certain historical process. That reversal was certainly intended to “reveal” the victim, and thus to return the conflict resulting from the offence to its “owners,” i.e. the perpetrator and the victim.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 31, 4; 33-44
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Victim-offender Mediation in Poland – The Lay Perspective
Autorzy:
Matczak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
sprawiedliwość naprawcza
mediacja
ofiara
sprawca
opinia świecka
system wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych
przeprosiny
restorative justice
victim-offender mediation
lay opinion
criminal justice system
apology
Opis:
Restorative justice is a complex and multi-faceted concept, the introduction of whichdoes not happen in a socio-political and economic vacuum. Every society engageswith restorative justice in its own distinctive way as it is the society – lay people – thatis always on the receiving end of restorative solutions. In this article, I draw on mydoctoral research that explores qualitatively how a small number of Polish peopleunderstand punishment and justice, and how their narratives inform the viabilityof restorative approaches to justice in Poland. In other words, I propose to considera macro-sociological perspective, and how lay people’s understanding of punishmentand justice should be seen as an avenue by which to explore certain preconditions forthe viability of restorative justice.Poland’s socialist past, change of the political regime, post-communist “accession”to the international community in the West and a high level of religiosity (among manyother factors) make Poland a fascinating object of study that can, at the same time,offer insights about restorative justice in other societies. Restorative justice, introducedin the form of victim-offender mediation, was part of the post-1989 political ambitionsto change the Polish penal landscape and join the international community in the West.There were a number of forces behind the establishment of restorative justice in Poland.Given that the concept was introduced at a time when the Polish society was dealingwith the socialist legacy and creating a new democratic reality, it was also hoped thatmediation could serve as a fast-track remedy and act as an ancillary mechanism toreduce the sudden spike in court workloads after the fall of communism. In the caseof Poland, it seems that the exceptionally limited interest in mediation and the paucityof anticipated outcomes of victim-offender mediation is the problem. In order toexplore the viability of restorative justice in the Polish context, one must thereforelook beyond the legal basis and formal logistics which have been already in place formany years.My research opens up new debates on the viability of restorative justice, and thisarticle in particular fleshes out the nature of the participants’ perceptions of victimoffendermediation. In this article, I first briefly introduce the Polish model of victimoffendermediation. I then discuss the nature of the initial responses to mediationbased on the participants’ knowledge of, support for, and any experience of, victimoffendermediation. This is followed by the discussion on how the participants’ viewson mediation were articulated in the shadow of the Polish criminal justice system.Next, I explore why the participants viewed mediation as a business-like encounterand, finally, I explore the participants’ perceptions of apology – something that cameup as one of the most interesting findings of the study.The aim of this paper is to argue that the viability of restorative justice should beapproached as a process that is influenced by broader socio-economic, political andeven linguistic factors. Although the Polish model of victim-offender mediation wasinspired by the restorative justice concept, the narratives of my lay participants suggesta number of socio-cultural obstacles to the further development of restorative justicein Poland. Despite a limited knowledge of victim-offender mediation among the studyparticipants, it is clear that support for mediation is negotiated and conditional.Although victim-offender mediation was mainly perceived not as a punishment, therole and purpose of this practice was discussed against the background of the Polishcriminal justice system. Although the relationship might be defined as “uneasy” (seeShapland et al. 2006), restorative justice, since its conception, has been interwoven withthe two. One of restorative justice’s central hopes was to establish an alternative systemof crime resolution that would eliminate the infliction of pain. However, the trajectoryof restorative justice solutions in many countries demonstrates that the functioningof a majority of them is dependent on criminal justice agencies. Given the close andinseparable relationship between the two, I argue in my research that the ways in whichlay people perceive the criminal justice institutions affect their perceptions of alternativeconflict resolutions. Then, as it emerged in my fieldwork, the study participants’ perceptionof harm suggests that mediation might be seen as an avenue to focus onthe financial side of the reparation, and as result might achieve something other thanrestorative goals. The narratives of my study participants also explore the difficultyof acknowledging apology as a genuine element of the restorative encounter. Thiscould be due to looking at apology through the lens of court apology, sociolinguistic or cultural reasons. John Braithwaite in his book Restorative Justice and ResponsiveRegulation (2002) rightly indicated that “we are still learning how to do restorativejustice well” (p. 565). Nevertheless, the question whether a perfect restorative justiceprogramme is ever possible remains open.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2018, XL; 495-522
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected issues of homelessness in the criminological aspect
Autorzy:
Daniel, Przygoda,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-23
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
homelessness
homeless
criminology
crime
victim
Opis:
The article presents the issue of homelessness in the criminological aspect. The author presents the relationship between homelessness and crime. The study indicates also factors contributing to homelessness. Homeless people commit crimes, but they are also often victims. The article also presents a historical perspective to clarify applicable legal solutions.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2020, 35(1); 154-167
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rescuing an Unconscious Victim
Autorzy:
Komjáthy, László
Kós, György
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
fire
rescuing victims
fireman
lifesaving
enclosed space
Opis:
In contrast with common belief, in the case of damage events associated with fire a significant portion of victims die not as a result of burn injuries but suffocation. In modern architecture, including hotels, synthetic materials are broadly applied that produce toxic substances when they burn. In addition to toxic substances, the risk of suffocation is also increased by the depletion of oxygen as the fire spreads. Thus, for the successful rescue of the people whose lives are directly or indirectly endangered, their fast evacuation from the scene is of fundamental significance, even by causing material damage.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2017, 23(23); 176-182
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semiotyka twarzy kata i ofiary
Semiotics of the hangman and victim’s faces
Autorzy:
HENDRYKOWSKI, MAREK
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/921089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-10-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
victim
hangman
face
totalitarianism
normal
monster
totalitarian interface
poetics
aesthetics
rhetorics
photography
image
moving image
fact
reality
memorization
testimony
atrocity
degradation
constraint
abusement
prison
concentratio
Opis:
Murderous ideologies drive and fabricate innumerable forms of social falsehood. One of the objects of the perfidious falsification of reality generated in the totalitarian system is the human face. Drawing on classics of Polish and world cinema, and also on the memory of culture, Marek Hendrykowski's study contains a semiotic analysis of the deep structures of images, which present the executioner-victim based on violence executioner as a variant of inter-human relations in totalitarian systems.
Źródło:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication; 2016, 18, 27; 354-364
1731-450X
Pojawia się w:
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ charakterystyk sprawcy i ofiary na przypisywanie sprawcy moralnej odpowiedzialności
The impact of the perpetrator’s and the victim’s characteristics on moral responsibility attributions
Autorzy:
Styśko, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
responsibility attribution
guilt attribution
stereotype
relating an event to Self
victim
annihilation effect
Opis:
Zgodnie z modelem opartym na koncepcjach obronnej atrybucji odpowiedzialności i stereotypizacji oraz na wcześniejszych badaniach (Styśko, 2006, 2007), w pewnych okolicznościach nietendeneyjne lub tendencyjnie przychylne sady wobec sprawcy z negatywnie stereotypizowanej grupy (efekt anihilacji) mogą być wyjaśniane użyciem poznawczej strategii służącej redukcji wysokiego poziomu zagrożenia i przywróceniu utraconej kontroli. W niniejszym artykule prezentuję kolejne badanie oparte na założeniach tego modelu. W eksperymencie z użyciem procedury komputerowej, obejmującym 107 licealistek, w którym prezentowana ofiara była podobna do obserwatora, uczestniczki przypisywały podobny stopień odpowiedzialności sprawcy należącemu i nic należącemu do negatywnie stereotypizowancj grupy (dresiarzy). Kiedy ofiara była prezentowana jako niepodobna, ale równic angażująca emocjonalnie (dziecko), sprawcy-dresiarzowi przypisywano nawet mniej odpowiedzialności niż niedresiarzowi.
In accordance with the model based on defensive responsibility attribution and stereotyping, as well as the findings from previous studies (Styśko, 2006; 2007), in certain circumstances, unbiased or favourably biased judgements about the perpetrator from a negatively stereotyped group (the annihilation effect) can be explained by using a cognitive strategy which serves reducing a high sense of threat and regaining a lost sense of control. This article presents study based on the assumptions of this model. One hundred and seven high school students took part in the experiment using a computer procedure. When the victim was similar to the observer, the participants attributed a similar degree of responsibility to the perpetrators both not belonging and belonging to the negatively stereotyped group (jock hooligans). When the victim was presented as not similar but equally emotionally engaging (a child), the jock hooligan perpetrator was attributed even less responsibility than the non – jock hooligan perpetrator.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2008, 11, 2; 69-86
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czeska koncepcja zdrady jako element mitu monachijskiego
Autorzy:
Kubok, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/645403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Munich Agreement
capitulation
national myth
complex
betrayal
victim
Opis:
The Czech concept of betrayal as an element of the Munich mythThis article explores the cultural significance of the “Munich myth”, focusing on the concept of “Western betrayal” and its connotations associated with the idea of destiny and sacrifice. It also examines how the myth influenced the formation of Czech national identity, especially during and shortly after the Second World War. Opening with an analysis of a poem by František Halas written in the midst of the Munich Conference, it also reviews a number of writings which increased the popularity of the ideas of betrayal and sacrifice and, as a result, have made them synonymous with the “Czech fate”: excerpts from the memoirs of Zdeněk Štĕpánek and Edvard Beneš, essays by Karel Kosík and Milan Kundera, and Bedřich Fučík’s literary criticism. The article concludes with a discussion of the key findings of the book Mnichovský komplex (The Munich Complex) by Jan Tesař, a polemic study discrediting and deconstructing the myth of the “Munich betrayal”. Czeska koncepcja zdrady jako element mitu monachijskiegoArtykuł dotyczy fenomenów kulturowych zawartych w micie monachijskim, szczególnie takich, jak koncepcja zdrady i powiązane z nią konotacje (figura ofiary, losu, teatralizacja życia społecznego). Przedstawia także proces formowania się wojennej oraz powojennej czeskiej tożsamości narodowej pod wpływem tego mitu. W artykule poddano analizie wiersze Františka Halasa z okresu wydarzeń monachijskich, a także te fragmenty wspomnień (Zdenĕk Štĕpánek, Edvard Beneš), eseistyki (Karel Kosík, Milan Kundera) i krytyki literackiej (Bedřich Fučík), które przyczyniły się do rozpowszechnienia koncepcji zdrady i ofiary jako czynnika konstytuującego „czeski los”. Artykuł kończy prezentacja najważniejszych tez zawartych w książce pt. Monachijski kompleks autorstwa Jana Tesařa o charakterze polemicznym i dekonstrukcyjnym wobec mitu „zdrady monachijskiej”.
Źródło:
Adeptus; 2018, 12
2300-0783
Pojawia się w:
Adeptus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobbing as a problem in management ethics
Autorzy:
Kowal, Jolanta
Gwiazda-Sawicka, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
mobbing
ethics
management
mobbing victim
Opis:
A positive company image and its good reputation are usually results of ethical and honest behaviour towards employees and may improve competitiveness, increase profits, customer satisfaction, and create new job jobs. However, it often occurs in dynamically developing firms where ethical norms are not kept and this process can be seen in the lack of equal chances to get a job – people without connections remain without work. According to research, mobbing is a very serious problem. Psychological terror or mobbing in work life involves hostile and unethical communication that is conducted in a systematic manner by one or more individuals, mainly toward one individual, who, due to mobbing, is pushed into a helpless and defenceless position and held there by means of continuing mobbing activities. These actions occur on a very frequent basis (statistical definition: at least once a week) and over a long period (statistical definition: at least six months’ duration). Because of the high frequency and long duration of hostile behaviour, this maltreatment results in considerable mental, psychosomatic, and social misery.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 5; 131-145
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rodzaj relacji interpersonalnej a zachowanie sprawcy krzywdy po jej wyrządzeniu i ustosunkowanie do ofiary
The type of interpersonal relationship as influencing perpetrator’s behavior after having caused harm and their disposition towards the victim
Autorzy:
Gruszecka, Eufrozyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
harm
perpetrator
victim
blame attribution
remedial actions
Opis:
W badaniach prezentowanych w artykule poszukiwano różnic w atrybucjach przyczynowych i zachowaniach zaradczych sprawców krzywd wyrządzanych partnerom relacji wspólnotowych i opartych na wymianie. Celem badań była też eksploracja związku rodzaju zachowań zaradczych z wartościowaniem ofiary. Uczestnicy badania zostali w sposób losowy podzieleni na cztery grupy i przypominali sobie oraz opisywali zdarzenie z przeszłości, w którym wyrządzili krzywdę: (1) partnerowi bliskiego związku albo (2) własnemu dziecku, albo (3) podwładnemu, albo (4) znajomemu, a następnie wypełniali kwestionariusz dotyczący opisanego zdarzenia i szacowali cechy „ofiary” na kilkunastu skalach atrakcyjności. Najwyższy poziom odpowiedzialności i winy przypisali sobie krzywdzący partnerzy bliskich związków, najniższy przełożeni, a średni – rodzice i znajomi. Działania naprawcze (tutaj: różne formy przeprosin) najczęściej podejmowali partnerzy, znacząco rzadziej rodzice i znajomi, a najrzadziej przełożeni. Nasilenie usprawiedliwień i wymówek w wymienionych relacjach było niemal dokładnie odwrotne. Prawdopodobnym mechanizmem ujawnionego zróżnicowania reakcji sprawcy krzywdy „po fakcie” w porównywanych relacjach (bardziej wyrazistego u mężczyzn niż u kobiet) jest rola społeczna, jaką jest on związany z ofiarą. Z roli tej wynika między innymi ważność motywu afiliacji i władzy w regulacji kontaktów z partnerem. Uwypuklenie motywu afiliacji sprzyja działaniom naprawczym, natomiast uwypuklenie motywu władzy zdaje się hamować takie działania i zarazem nasilać skłonność do przywracania sprawiedliwości psychologicznej – stosowania usprawiedliwień i wymówek. Badania ujawniły współwystępowanie usprawiedliwień i wymówek ze skłonnością do pomniejszania wartości ofiary, co jest zgodne z przewidywaniami opartymi na koncepcji dysonansu poznawczego.
The study investigated whether the kind of relationship between the perpetrator and the victim has an impact on perpetrator’s behavior (attribution, remedial actions) after having caused harm. The aim of the research was also to check if there exists any correlation of such reactions (e.g. self-blame, excuse) with posterior victim assessment. Four kinds of social relationships were examined: parent-child, romantic partners, superior-subordinate, and acquaintances. Participants were asked to describe an event in which a certain person (indicated in the questionnaire) felt harmed by them and their own reactions to that event. They also estimated the victim’s features on several attractiveness scales. The results show that the level of blame and responsibility attributed to themselves was the highest in the case of guilty partners in close relationships, the lowest in the case of superiors, and medium in the case of parents and acquaintances. Remedial actions are most often taken by romantic partners, much less often by parents and acquaintances, and most rarely by superiors. The frequency pattern for excuses and justifications was nearly exactly the opposite. One of the possible explanations of the results refers to the combined effect of affiliation and power motives that influence perpetrator’s reactions and substantially vary across different types of social relations. The presented data also indicates that victim devaluation might be considered as a coping strategy used by the perpetrator.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2012, 15, 2; 55-86
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Itinéraire d’un bouc emissaire
A Scapegoat’s Journey
Autorzy:
Prijatelj, Erika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Scapegoat
victim
tension
personal image
relationship
Opis:
Sacrifice is an important part of religious, ethical and political life. In addition, the term;sacrifice’ has several meanings; one of them denotes a victim of crime. In this paper, we focus exclusively on victims of scapegoating. Scapegoats – individuals or communities – may be victims of others, or otherwise they may experience themselves in this way. This paper explores both possibilities. It, primarily studies the psychology of scapegoating based on the premise of the innate human need to discharge tensions, and then presents several paths out of the scapegoating mechanism. It also illustrates scapegoating dynamics in the media and explores the example of Slovenia based on its history and the current situation with respect to transferring of blame.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2018, 8, 1; 171-181
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Minor Victim Representation in Cases of Crimes Committed by Family Members in Polish Law
Autorzy:
Łakomy, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
legal regulations
minor victim
crimes committed by family members
guardian ad litem
criminal court
regulacje prawne
małoletni pokrzywdzony
przestępstwa popełnione przez członków rodziny
kurator
sąd karny
Opis:
The study presents the current legal regulations and problems with the implementation of procedural rights of a minor victim in the case of crimes committed by members of his family in the Polish legal system. The presented issue concerns the necessity to apply provisions contained in various acts, both public and private law. The author discusses the most important judgements of Polish jurisprudence in the indicated scope, emphasizing, however, that many aspects of the discussed issues, of a procedural nature, have still not been regulated. The conclusions include de lege ferenda postulates concerning, i.a., the transfer to the criminal court of the competence to appoint a guardian ad litem for disadvantaged minors.
W opracowaniu omówiono aktualnie obowiązujące regulacje prawne oraz problemy dotyczące realizacji uprawnień procesowych małoletniego pokrzywdzonego w przypadku przestępstw popełnionych przez członków jego rodziny w polskim porządku prawnym. Przedstawiona problematyka dotyczy konieczności zastosowania rozwiązań zawartych w różnych ustawach, o charakterze zarówno publiczno-, jak i prywatnoprawnym. Autor omawia najważniejsze rozstrzygnięcia polskiego orzecznictwa we wskazanym zakresie, podkreślając jednak, że wiele aspektów poruszanej problematyki, o charakterze procesowym, wciąż nie zostało uregulowanych. W konkluzji zamieszczono postulaty de lege ferenda, dotyczące m.in. przeniesienia na sąd karny kompetencji ustanawiania kuratora procesowego dla małoletnich pokrzywdzonych.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 5; 181-196
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Law and its Victim-Oriented Development: an Academic Inquiry
Autorzy:
Tuliakov, Viacheslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28843238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criminal law
criminal policy
victim-oriented policy
victimology
human rights
Opis:
In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 70-74
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Different Forms of Violence – Selected Issues
Autorzy:
Mikołajczuk, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
violence
definitions and forms of violence
social pathology
aggressor
victim
Opis:
Violence has been part of the human history since its very beginning. As some believe, it is “Cain’s sin” that determines violent human behaviour. Though this belief is obviously simplified, it reflects the nature of man. We are eager to seek evil in others, in individuals and in social structures. It is not just the family that is oppressive. Violence is ubiquitous; it is inflicted by peer groups, social classes, organisations, and by the state. Violence is commonly defined as social behaviour against someone or something, the aggressor being on one side and the victim on the other. Usually, a narrow definition of violence is used; i.e., violence is understood as the use of force to obtain from others what they are not willing to give or what they do not want to do. However, violence is a more complex phenomenon. Some forms of violence are sophisticated and difficult to discern, not only in the behaviour of others but also in our own actions. Violence occurs on a micro-scale in the form of pressure, extortion, inducement, or restrictions, and on a macro-scale – as wars, crises, terroristic acts, or revolutions. Violence is not only physical and psychological; it may also be personal, structural, hidden, explicit, emotional, and rational. What follows, it takes place in a wide array of spaces: in culture, sport, politics, the media, in the public space and at home. Therefore, the narrow definition of violence fails to include many of its aspects, and as such it is not practical. Using such a definition, we are left with extreme cases, so in fact we define pathologies. A serious difficulty in defining violence is connected with defining human rights in a unified way. These vary from culture to culture and have been evolving throughout history. Violation of these rights constitutes the essence of what is referred to as violent behaviour. Each society defines and attempts to prevent violence differently, and also in its own way indicates those who judge the perpetrators of prohibited acts.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 43, 4; 103-118
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miejsce sprawiedliwości naprawczej w polskim systemie karnym
Autorzy:
Silecka-Marek, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1397317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-01
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Koninie. Wydawnictwo
Tematy:
restorative justice
retributive justice
criminal proceedings
victim
offender
Opis:
Place of restorative justice in the Polish penal system This paper shows the conceptions of restorative justice against the background of the idea of general justice. The author indicates to the relationship between the retributive and restorative approaches. By analysing the literature on the subject matter and criminal law, the importance of restorative justice practices and profits that bring to the offender, victim of a crime and for the local community.
Źródło:
Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne; 2021, 7, 1; 69-84
2391-8632
Pojawia się w:
Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 248

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