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Tytuł:
„Missa pulcherrima” Bartłomieja Pękiela. Historyczny, biograficzny i stylistyczny kontekst utworu
Autorzy:
Zając, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/669077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Pękiel
the Royal Band
Sigismund III Vasa
Wladyslaw IV
the Swedish Deluge
the Wawel Cathedral Band
form of Mass
Opis:
The main aim of this study was to present the outstanding composition created by Bartłomiej Pękiela, Missa Pulcherrima, giving the historical, biographical, and stylistic context. The author succinctly depicted, first the historical background in which the composer lived and created, sketching the rulers of Poland of the time: Sigismund III, Vladislaus IV and John Casimir, against the important political events of the period. Having delivered the most up-to-date research, he carried on to a closer presentation of the composer himself, with a few biographical details, like these of his work as the Royal Choirmaster in Warsaw, and then the Cathedral Choirmaster at the Wawel Castle in Cracow. The author of this paper drew heavily on the studies made by eminent Polish musicologist, Rev. Hieronim Feicht (1894–1967), whose research on the biography and compositions of Bartłomiej Pękiel has not be rivaled so far by anything equally insightful and exhaustive. This study is an attempt to show Pękiel’s Missa Pulcherrima in the context of mass service compositions, proving that in its extraordinary composing and stylistic values it definitely differs from the other mass pieces by this composer written in the old style (stile antico). The said composition was created after 1655, when Pękiel moved from Warsaw to Cracow so as to undertake the position of the Cathedral Choirmaster at the Wawel Castle. Most probably, it was his last composition. A liable review of Bartłomiej Pekiel’s Missa Pulcherrima was rendered by expert in the Old Polish Music, Ewa Obniska: “Without doubt, it is the most outstanding old Polish mass, the stunning composition of outstanding artistry and unparalleled subtlety of melodic side […] the most tremendous religious masterpiece of the Polish Baroque – amongst those few which have lost nothing of their influential power despite centuries passing”.
The main aim of this study was to present the outstanding composition created by Bartłomiej Pękiela, Missa Pulcherrima, giving the historical, biographical, and stylistic context. The author succinctly depicted, first the historical background in which the composer lived and created, sketching the rulers of Poland of the time: Sigismund III, Vladislaus IV and John Casimir, against the important political events of the period. Having delivered the most up-to-date research, he carried on to a closer presentation of the composer himself, with a few biographical details, like these of his work as the Royal Choirmaster in Warsaw, and then the Cathedral Choirmaster at the Wawel Castle in Cracow. The author of this paper drew heavily on the studies made by eminent Polish musicologist, Rev. Hieronim Feicht (1894–1967), whose research on the biography and compositions of Bartłomiej Pękiel has not be rivaled so far by anything equally insightful and exhaustive. This study is an attempt to show Pękiel’s Missa Pulcherrima in the context of mass service compositions, proving that in its extraordinary composing and stylistic values it definitely differs from the other mass pieces by this composer written in the old style (stile antico). The said composition was created after 1655, when Pękiel moved from Warsaw to Cracow so as to undertake the position of the Cathedral Choirmaster at the Wawel Castle. Most probably, it was his last composition. A liable review of Bartłomiej Pekiel’s Missa Pulcherrima was rendered by expert in the Old Polish Music, Ewa Obniska: “Without doubt, it is the most outstanding old Polish mass, the stunning composition of outstanding artistry and unparalleled subtlety of melodic side […] the most tremendous religious masterpiece of the Polish Baroque – amongst those few which have lost nothing of their influential power despite centuries passing”.
Źródło:
Pro Musica Sacra; 2012, 10
2083-4039
Pojawia się w:
Pro Musica Sacra
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktywność parlamentarzystów rawskich na sejmach za panowania Wazów w latach 1587–1668
The Activity of the Members of the Diet from Rawa Voivodeship at the Diets during Wazas Reign between 1587 and 1668
Die Aktivität der Parlamentarier von Rawa im polnischen Reichstag unter der Regierong von Familie Vasa in den Jahren 1587–1668
L’activité des membres du diète de Rawa voivodie pendant des diétes sous le règne des Waza de 1587 á 1668
Autorzy:
Kobierecki, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22890859.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2006, 5, 1; 75-107
1644-857X
2450-7660
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aleksandra Koniecpolskiego, chorążego koronnego, sprawy publiczne i prywatne (do 1648 roku)
Александра Конецпольского, коронного хорунжего, дела публичные и частные (до 1648 года)
Autorzy:
Goszczyński, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Nauki i Kultury Libra
Tematy:
Aleksander Koniecpolski
Władysław IV Waza
sejm 1647 r.
stosunki polsko-tatarskie w XVII w.
stosunki polsko-tureckie w XVII w.
Vladislaus IV Vasa
Diet of 1647
Polish-Tartar relations in the 17th century
Polish-Turkish relations in the 17th century
Речь Посполитая
Александер Конецпольски
XVII век
армия Речи Посполитой
политика
Opis:
Публичная деятельность Александра Конецпольского до 1648 г. в основном заключалась в военной активности. Основываясь на его биографии, можно увидеть, что его отец сделал особый акцент на военных вопросах в образовании сына и сам учил его военного дела. Парламентская деятельность Александра ограничивалась отправкой писем в дворянские съезды с просьбой поддержать его личные дела. В армии он якобы обладал относительным уважением, которое могло быть обусловлено, прежде всего, уважением к действиям его отца, потому что к 1648 году у него не было времени проявить большие подвиги в военной области
Źródło:
Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny; 2019, XVI, 2; 47-74
1731-982X
Pojawia się w:
Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of socio-economic spatial structure of urban agglomeration in China based on spatial gradient and clustering
Autorzy:
He, Li
Tao, Jian’ge
Meng, Ping
Chen, Dan
Yan, Meng
Vasa, László
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
economic and social development
urban agglomeration
Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (CPUA)
clustering
spatial gradient
Opis:
Research background: Previous studies on the economic and social development of urban agglomerations mostly focus on a single primacy comparative analysis and efficiency evaluation. Spatial structure differentiation is an important feature of urban agglomeration. The lack of economic and social analysis on the spatial structure makes it impossible to determine the development positioning of each city in the urban agglomeration, which affects the sustainable economic development ability of these areas. Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to analyze the spatial development law and experience of urban agglomeration, this study explores the practice of economic and population spatial structure of city areas in China. For this purpose, CPUA and its central city Zhengzhou was taken as an example, the spatial gradient structure of example was analyzed. Methods: Using economic and population data of 32 cities in this region, growth pole theory, and pole-axis theory, the economic and population spatial structure of urban agglomeration, the spatial gradient structure of central cities in urban agglomerations were analyzed with the method of cluster about radiation index. Findings & value added: (1) In the process of the formation of CPUA, the geo-graphical spatial pattern plays a decisive role in economic and social development. This is an experience from developing countries. (2) CPUA presents a gradient development pattern with Zhengzhou as the center, and economic and social development gradually radiates to the metropolitan area, the core development area, and the character development demonstration area. (3) The economic and social gradients of Zhengzhou, the central city, present the hierarchy rules and characteristics which are driven by the Beijing-Guangzhou-Railway axis and the Longhai-Railway axis. (4) The central city of Zhengzhou still presents insufficient primacy in regional development, which shows that Zhengzhou accounts for 6% of the population of the Central Plains Economic Zone and 14% of GDP, and insufficient agglomeration. Different countries at different stages of economic development have different urban agglomeration development models. The conclusions from China provide new decision-making ideas and methods for spatial structure research and development strategy analysis of urban agglomerations.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2021, 12, 3; 789-819
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antonio Querenghi, Carmen ad Urbem Romam in adventu Serenissimi Vladislai Poloniae Principis (1625)
Autorzy:
Franczak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Antonio Querenghi, Vladislaus Vasa, panegyric, Neo-Latin poetry
Opis:
The subject of this edition is a forgotten 17th-century Polonicum: a Latin panegyric in hexameter by Antonio Querenghi entitled Ad urbem Romam in adventu Serenissimi Vladislai, Poloniae Principis (To the city of Rome on the occasion of the arrival of His Most Serene Highness Vladislaus, the Prince of Poland). The work, published in 1625 in Rome, was noted in bibliographies of S. Ciampi and K. Estreicher as anonymous. This is because the only copy known of the first edition until recently, preserved in the holdings of Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, was deprived of the title page. The discovery of a second, complete copy in the collection of Biblioteca Casanatense in Rome allowed us to identify the author, namely the Padovan humanist Antonio Querenghi (1546-1633), who from 1605 served as the pope’s personal secretary (cubicularius), prelate and referendary of both signatures. The closest relation Querengi developed with Maffeo Barberini (Urban VIII), the “pope-Cicero” and patron of poets and artists, at whose side he stayed until his own death. On 19 January 1625 he graced with his panegyric the Roman visit of Prince Vladislaus Vasa, the later King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Vladislaus IV. The prince arrived in Rome on 20 December 1624, after an eight-month journey around Europe. Vladislaus, who tried to travel incognito, was received with all the honour due to the successor to the Swedish throne with the title of electi Magni Ducis Moschoviae (the elected Grand Duke of Muscovy). In the minds of the inhabitants of Europe, his person was also inextricably associated with the double triumph over the “schismatic” Muscovy, and above all with fending off Turks at the battle of Chocim (2 September–9 October 1621). Vladislaus spent the fortnight from 20 December 1624 to 2 January 1625 in the papal capital and took part in the celebration of the Jubilee. On 17 January he arrived there again after a short trip to Naples and left the city after only three days. Yet it was the latter short stay in Rome that the grandest reception in honour of the Polish Prince was held. On Sunday, 19 January, after a private audience with Pope Urban, at which only the closest curial dignitaries (with Querenghi probably among them) and officials from Vladislaus’ retinue were present, a sumptuous dinner was given with a concert afterwards. In the panegyric written for this occasion, Querenghi praises Vladislaus’ triumphs over “Muscovy twice defeated” (he meant armed attempts of the prince to the tsarist throne in the years 1610-1619) and over “the Thracian (i.e. Turkish) enemy”, the army of sultan Osman II. The ideological pivot of the poem is the pope’s planned general military expedition against Turkey: Urban VIII anoints the Polish Prince as the commander in chief of the upcoming crusade and a defender of Christianity. Vladislaus appears to be a new Hercules choosing the difficult path of Virtue, filled with renunciations and leading to eternal fame. In the panegyric apostrophe, the poet appeals to the Christian prince to follow the example of the mythical hero by taming the “godless monsters” (monstra impia) and taking upon his shoulders the weight of the world resting theretofore on the shoulders of the Italian Atlas – Pope Urban. Ad urbem Romam constitutes an excellent example of Querenghi’s stylistic manner shaped in the neo-Platonist spirit of hermetism, which made the poet create labyrinthine and enigmatic texts for the exclusive use of a narrow circle of exegetes. This manner resulted in a discrepancy, starkly visible through the refined hexameters, between two irreconcilable textual (and thus essentially linguistic) facts, one arising from historic discourse and the other generated within conventionally antiquisating, petrified, panegyric hyperbole. Namely, between Vladislaus who, abashed, retreated from Muscow and spent the battle of Chocim sick in his own tent, and the new Hercules who puts to rout the schismatic-pagan monsters threatening the Western civilisation.
Źródło:
Terminus; 2013, 15, 2(27)
2084-3844
Pojawia się w:
Terminus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ARCHEOLOGIA MORSKA W POLSCE STAN OBECNY I PERSPEKTYWY
UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY IN POLAND ITS PRESENT STATE AND PROSPECTS
Autorzy:
Pomian, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
archeologia morska
Bałtyk
okręt „Vasa”
wraki
Muzeum wraków
„Solen”
„Miedziowiec”
Opis:
Underwater archaeology has only been present in Poland for a few decades. Research carried out in the 1950s in the search for ancient Wolin brought out the first sites. Polish coasts abound in wrecks, whose preservation are helped by the low salinity and low temperature of the Baltic waters, which are also free of the voracious snail toredo navalis. The wreck are endangered, however, by hydro-technical investments, and underwater treasure hunters. Up to now, underwater archaeology has brought out hundreds of artifacts which come from mediaeval as well as more contemporary times, and which are on display at the National Museum in Szczecin and the Central Maritime Museum in Gdańsk. Discussions as to the extent of protection for underwater archaeological sites and the possibility of expanding the scope of research activities in this area. One of the greatest challenges is creating a monitoring system for underwater archaeological sites. Poland’s participation in the “Managing Cultural Heritage Underwater – MACHU” project should be one solution to this problem. It is also important to create a national underwater archaeology center, which would become a source of technical and substantive support for conservation services, and which would allow for more effective protection of artifacts in the range of Polish coast. Following examples of other European countries, we have to treat our maritime heritage as a valuable source of information about the history of our country and the entire Baltic basin, and protect these things while also making them accessible to a wide community of maritime history enthusiasts.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 2; 51-60
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Artykuły lwowskiej konfederacji wojska koronnego z 1622 roku
Autorzy:
Antos, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Historyczny
Tematy:
Sigismund III Vasa
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crown Army
military confederation
articles of a military confederation
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to present a very rare document – the articles of the Lwów confederation. Only a few such documents survived and only as copies because, after the conclusion of a confederation, its articles were publicly burned. Publication of these documents will allow the readers for familiarizing themselves with an interesting contribution to the knowledge of the military history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, without the need for a preliminary survey in the holdings of The Princes Czartoryski Library in Cracow.
Źródło:
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka; 2022, 77, 2; 77-84
0037-7511
2658-2082
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budowanie prestiżu królewskiego rodu. Związki rodzinne Wazów z dynastiami europejskimi
Building the prestige of the royal house. Familial relations of the Vasa with European dynasties
Autorzy:
Skowron, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
dynastic policy
prestige
christenings
travels
the Vasa
Habsburgs
Opis:
Marriages enabled the House of Vasa to enter into the network of courts throughout Europe and opened a way to participate in the processes of assimilation, reception or rejection of respective cultural, religious, and political paradigms. The bonds of kinship became one of the most effective instruments to raise the prestige and the standing of dynasty, which sought to occupy an ever higher position in the hierarchy of European rulers. The aim of this paper is to show how the House of Vasa functioned within he contemporaneous dynastic networks in Europe on the examples of several selected issues of strictly familial nature: inheritance of names, christenings, family reunions and financial security.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2019, 20; 55-82
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coins of Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632) from the Region of Varna, Bulgaria
Monety Zygmunta III Wazy (1587–1632) z regionu Warny w Bułgarii
Autorzy:
Mitev, Nevyan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Sigismund III Vasa
Varna
Bulgaria
three groschen
Zygmunt III Waza
Warna
Bułgaria
trojak
Źródło:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2019, 63; 223-231
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diariusze sejmu koronacyjnego Zygmunta III Wazy 1587/1588 roku, oprac. Irena Kaniewska, Kraków 2016, ss. 98
Journals of the Crown Seym of Sigismund III Vasa 1587/1588, elaborated by Irena Kaniewska, Kraków 2016, 98 pages
Autorzy:
Kaczorowski, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Opis:
Review
Artykuł recenzyjny
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2016, 14, 4 (1); 109-113
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dwie anonimowe sielanki z pierwszej połowy XVII wieku z rękopisu Biblioteki Baworowskich we Lwowie
Autorzy:
Piotrowiak, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
eclogue, townsmen, Baptista Mantuanus, Calpurnius, election, Vladislaus IV Vasa
Opis:
Two Anonymous Eclogues from the First Half of the 17th Century Found in a Manuscript Preserved in the Baworowscyki Library in LvivThe main aim of this paper is to present a critical edition of two eclogues found in manuscript no. 1332 in the Baworowscy Library in Lviv. The eclogues were probably written in the 1630s or the early 1640s. This is the first critical edition of these texts. Manuscript no. 1332 is the only known source of these eclogues. The transcription is based on the rules contained in the script Zasady wydawania tekstów staropolskich (Wrocław 1955; “B” transcription). The punctuation has been adapted to contemporary rules. The transcription is provided with detailed notes and commentaries, which are a source of information about the meaning of Old-Polish words as well as proverbs. References to biblical texts and mythological and historical context are also well explained. “The first eclogue, entitled A Quarrel, is a paraphrase of the Sixth Eclogue of Baptista Mantuanus. It was written in the form of a dialogue between two shepherds who talk about the habits of the townspeople.” One of the interlocutors criticizes the vices of the courtiers, merchants, astrologers, medics, lawyers and Christian priests. These tirades are contrasted with the second shepherd’s replies. He condemns his interlocutor and accuses him of being too impetuous. This eclogue bears the mark of a strong influence from the pastoral poetry written by Simon Simonides. This influence is evident in the pessimistic, decadent atmosphere and sad reflections on human degeneration. The eclogue contains an anecdote that humorously explains the main cause of social inequality. The second eclogue, The Grandiosity or the Election of Vladislaus IV Vasa, King of Poland and Sweden, is connected with the election sejm that took place in 1632. This poem is a paraphrase of the Seventh Eclogue of Calpurnius. Like A Quarrel, it is written in the form of a dialogue between two shepherds. One of them returns to the village after a long absence. He is asked by his friend to tell him about his journey. It turns out that the traveller visited Warsaw and was a witness to the election of Vladislaus IV Vasa. The panegyric part of the poem is extensive and implies that the decision of the electors was inspired by God. The author ingeniously uses some phrases from Calpurnius’ eclogue to describe the works of art collected by the king. Both eclogues reveal formidable literary training – they are comparable to bucolics written by Jan Gawiński and Adrian Wieszczycki.
Źródło:
Terminus; 2014, 16, 4(33)
2084-3844
Pojawia się w:
Terminus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dyplomacja Rzeczypospolitej wobec Rosji w początkach panowania Władysława IV Wazy (1632-1635)
Polish diplomacy towards Russia in the early years of the reign of Wladyslaw IV Vasa (1632–1635)
Autorzy:
Mucha, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2109000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Władysław IV Waza
wojna smoleńska 1632–1634
Michał Fiodorowicz Romanow
Kazimierz Leon Sapieha
Aleksander Piaseczyński
pokój polanowski
stosunki dyplomatyczne
ratyfikacja pokoju polanowskiego w 1635 r.
Wladislaw IV Vasa
The Smolensk War 1632–1634
Michal Fiodorowicz Romanow
Aleksander Piaseczynski
peace of Polyanovka
diplomatic relations
ratification peace of Polyanovka in 1635
Opis:
Tematem artykułu są polsko-rosyjskie stosunki dyplomatyczne w pierwszych latach panowania Władysława IV Wazy (1632–1635). Praca koncentruje się na aktywności dyplomatycznej prowadzonej między obu krajami podczas wojny smoleńskiej w latach 1632–1634 i tuż po jej zakończeniu. Szczególnie ważny wątek stanowią wzajemne poselstwa odbywane w celu ratyfikacji pokoju polanowskiego.
The subject of this article thesis is Polish-Russian diplomatic relations in the early years of the reign of Wladislaw IV Vasa (1632–1635). The thesis focuses on the diplomatic activities conducted between the two countries during the Smolensk war in the years 1632–1634 and immediately after the end of the war. A particularly important issue is the Polish and Russian envoys exchanged in order to ratify peace of Polyanovka.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2021, 108; 33-64
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dyplomata Wazów wobec kobiet na dworach hiszpańskich – przypadek czy różnice kulturowo-społeczne?
Vasa’s Diplomat towards the Court of Spanish Queens – Commonwealth and the West, Divergent Strategies of Engagement?
Autorzy:
Urjasz-Raczko, Matylda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37523103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Stanisław Mąkowski
dyplomacja
sumy neapolitańskie
dwory kobiece
Monarchia Hiszpańska
diplomacy
the Neapolitan sums
female courts
the Spanish Monarchy
Opis:
Badania porównujące kulturę polityczną Zachodu i Rzeczypospolitej wykazały duże odmienności. Wskazuje na nie także praktyka postępowania długoletniego dyplomaty polskich Wazów, Stanisława Mąkowskiego, który przebywał na dworach hiszpańskich w Madrycie i w Neapolu w latach 1627–1655. Zabiegał przede wszystkim o tzw. sumy neapolitańskie. Można jednak postawić pytanie, czy jego zrozumienie funkcjonowania dworów hiszpańskich i przyjęta strategia działania były adekwatne do miejscowej specyfiki. Uwzględnienie kobiet dworu w strategii dyplomatycznej może służyć za swoisty barometr tej kwestii. Dyplomata nie miał łatwego zadania, z jednej strony musiał rozpoznać i działać wśród odmiennego od znanego sobie świata dworów hiszpańskich, z drugiej miał swego mocodawcę w Rzeczypospolitej, którego musiał przekonać do adekwatności podejmowanych przez siebie środków.
Comparative analyses of political cultures between the western kingdoms and Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth have revealed profound disparities. These distinctions are exemplified by the diplomatic endeavors of Stanisław Mąkowski, a longstanding diplomat of the Polish Vasa dynasty, who served as the envoy at the Spanish courts in Madrid and Naples from 1627 to 1655. Primarily tasked with securing Neapolitan subsidies, Mąkowski’s comprehension of Spanish court dynamics and his chosen strategies of engagement come into question. The treatment of influential court women serves as an indicative measure in this regard. Navigating between the complexities of Spanish courtly life and his loyalty to the Commonwealth monarchy posed formidable challenges for the diplomat, necessitating a delicate balance between adaptation and advocacy for his sovereign’s interests.
Źródło:
Perspektywy Kultury; 2024, 44, 1; 409-422
2081-1446
2719-8014
Pojawia się w:
Perspektywy Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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