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Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
Tytuł:
Changes in horizontal structure of natural beech forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Sudetes
Autorzy:
Vacek, Z.
Vacek, S.
Bilek, L.
Remes, J.
Stefancik, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
structural change
horizontal structure
natural forest
beech forest
European beech
Fagus sylvatica
forest dynamics
altitudinal gradient
Sudetes Mountains
Opis:
The article describes horizontal structure of the tree layer, natural regeneration, snags and crown projections of natural beech stands on three permanent research plots in the wide altitudinal range in the Krkonoše Mts (Czech Republic). The spatial structure was classified from 1980 to 2010 and subsequently the prediction of spontaneous development with an outlook for 30 years (to 2040) was done by growth simulator. Hopkins-Skellam index, Pielou-Mountford index, Clark-Evans index and Ripley’s K-function were calculated. Further, the vertical structure and total diversity index was evaluated. The horizontal structure of individuals in the tree layer had not changed significantly during the monitored years. Tree spatial pattern of the lowest altitude lying herb-rich beech forest was mostly regular to random, in acidophilous mountain beech forest predominantly random and in fragments of beech groups around the timberline aggregated. Juvenile growth on all investigated plots was distributed aggregated and snags randomly. The horizontal structure of crown projection centroids had always higher values toward the regularity than tree layer and was random to regular. The result of principal component analysis also confirmed that spatial pattern was dependent on the altitude, but also on the number of trees.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2015, 73
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of climatic conditions and forest site types on disintegration rates in Picea abies occurring at the Modrava Peat Bogs in the Šumava National Park
Autorzy:
Krejci, F.
Vacek, S.
Bilek, L.
Mikeska, M.
Hejcmanova, P.
Vacek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Opis:
A survey of mountain spruce stand development in the Šumava National Park on Modrava peat bogs on an area of 1,370 ha resulting from spruce bark beetle outbreaks was performedby means of visual evaluation of aerial photographs from the period 1991–2000. In addition, our study addressed the influence of climatic effects (period1984–2000) andthe effect of forest site (climax, waterloggedandpeaty spruce stands) on the dynamics of disintegration of forest stands. We showed that new infestations were predominantly foundat short distances from their source, the average value was estimatedto be 40–60 m, whereas the longest distance for annual progress in west to east direction was estimated to be 120 m. Differences in the dynamics of disintegration between waterlogged stands and drier stands were confirmed. There was a positive relationship between the average temperature in the 2nd quarter of monitoring years which was registered as the period of the onset of bark beetle development and the proportion of degraded area in Norway spruce stands. Moreover, pronounced winter desiccation in January 1993 was a triggering mechanism with crucial importance for the outbreak of bark beetle in the studied area.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2013, 70
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dynamics and structure of dead wood in natural spruce-beech forest stand - a 40 year case study in the Krkonose National Park
Autorzy:
Vacek, S.
Vacek, Z.
Bilek, L.
Hejcmanova, P.
Sticha, V.
Remes, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41560.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
forest
natural forest
mixed stand
dynamics
structure
dead wood
spruce-beech forest
European beech
Fagus sylvatica
Norway spruce
Picea abies
Czech Republic
Karkonosze National Park
Opis:
The study deals with long-term dynamics of snags and fallen dead wood from 1970 to 2010 in an unmanaged forest ecosystem dominated by European beech in the Bažinky area, Krkonoše National Park (Czech Republic). The volume of dead wood was estimated from 1970 separately for fallen dead wood (logs) and standing dead wood (snags and stumps). Total dead wood volume on permanent research plot (PRP) 6 increased from 41.9 to 241.6 m3 ha–1 and on PRP 7 from 27.7 to 170.0 m3 ha–1. During 40 year case study the mean total volume of fallen dead wood was 193.3 m3 ha–1 (± 29.8 S.E.) and 96.2 m3 ha–1 (± 19.4 S.E.) and the mean total volume of standing dead wood was 17.4 m3 ha–1 (± 3.4 S.E.) and 12.6 m3 ha–1(± 1.4 S.E.) on PRP 6 and PRP 7, respectively. Comparing tree species, the mean volume of fallen dead wood was significantly higher for Norway spruce than for beech in the decomposition class 1 (F(1, 14) = 5.7, P = 0.03) and significantly higher for beech in the decomposition classes 4 (F(1, 14) = 20.4, P < 0.001) and 5 (F(1, 14) = 25.5, P < 0.001). Dead wood was distributed from randomly to aggregated spatial pattern. Despite the rapid decay of beech wood, the amounts of deadwood are likely to increase further during the next decades with continuing disintegration of the forest stand.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2015, 73
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management?
Autorzy:
Vacek, S.
Vacek, Z.
Bilek, L.
Remeš, J.
Hůnová, I.
Bulušek, D.
Král, J.
Brichta, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Pinus sylvestris
forest dynamics
stands structure
air pollution
climatic factors
Central Europe
Opis:
The paper deals with the dynamics of structure, diversity and growth of natural pine stands without direct human impact during the ten-year period in Nature Reserve (NR) Kostelecké bory, Czech Republic. The objective was to determine the main characteristics of the spontaneous development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest stands in relation to their naturalness, ecological stability and adaptation to climate change and air pollution stress. Horizontal and vertical structure and species diversity of the tree layer, dead wood and natural regeneration of each permanent research plot (PRP) were evaluated (n = 6, 50 × 50 m /0.25 ha/, Northern Bohemia, 410–425 m above sea level). The average ring series of PRPs were correlated with the climatic data (precip- itation, temperature) according to individual years from the Doksy climatic station, and the air pollution data (SO2 in 1988–2015, NOX and AOT40F – ozone exposure in 1992–2015) from Radimovice station. In 2016, the stand volume increased by 26.0% to 136 m3 ha−1 (108 m3 ha−1 in 2006) and the volume of dead wood increase by 127.2% to 27 m3 ha−1 (12 m3 ha−1 in 2006). The horizontal structure of tree layer and natural regeneration was predominantly aggregated to random. More distinct changes in biodiversity and structural characteristics occurred in the natural regeneration (21.5%) compared to tree layer (2.8%). The precipitation had a significantly higher effect on radial growth compared to temperature. The lack of pre- cipitation in growing season and high temperature in previous autumn and winter were limiting factors for growth. Climatic factors had significant effect on diameter increment in July of the current year (P < 0.01) and June of the current and previous year (P < 0.05). Radial growth was negatively correlated with SO2 con- centrations (P < 0.01) and ozone exposure (P < 0.05). NOX concentrations had low effect on radial growth. The natural stand dynamics had positive effect on biodiversity and functional integrity of natural pine eco- systems.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2019, 82; 24-42
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-term effect of climate and air pollution on health status and growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. peaty forests in the Black Triangle region
Autorzy:
Vacek, Z.
Vacek, S.
Prokůpková, A.
Bulušek, D.
Podrázský, V.
Hůnová, I.
Putalová, T.
Král, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
air pollutants
climate factors
nutrients
stress factors
Czech Republic
Opis:
The Jizerské hory Mts. (the Czech Republic) are part of the Black Triangle region strongly af- fected by a decline and dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands since the 1970s. In the studied peaty spruce stands in the summit parts of the Jizerské hory Mts., the health status, radial growth and foliar nutrient content in relation to air pollution (SO2, NOX and O3) and climate factors (temperature, precipitation) were investigated in 1960–2015. A considerable disturbance of the stand structure induced by an increased mortality was observed in 1981–1983 when more than a half of the tree individuals died. Severe defoliation occurred in 1981 as a consequence of the synergic effects of air pollution, winter des- iccation and spruce bark beetle outbreak, as well as in 2015 due to the drought and high temperatures. Tree ring analyses indicated significant growth depression in 1979–1987, a period of the highest SO2 load, and in 2010–2015. Foliation and diameter increment were significantly influenced by SO2 and NOX con- centrations, the maximum daily concentration being the most negative factor; no significant correlation of the ozone exposure was detected, though. Foliar analyses also document significant negative impacts of air pollutants on the nutrient status of forest stands, mainly in the increase of the sulphur level. Since 1990, a significant increase in calcium and magnesium has been observed, as a result of forest liming. Interaction between radial growth and temperature was stronger compared to precipitation. Low temper- atures and high precipitation in growing season were the limiting factors for radial growth in waterlogged mountain areas.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2020, 83; 1-19
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural diversity and production of alder stands on former agricultural land at high altitudes
Autorzy:
Vacek, Z.
Vacek, S.
Podrazsky, V.
Kral, J.
Bulusek, D.
Putalova, T.
Balas, M.
Kalouskova, I.
Schwarz, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
structural diversity
stand structure
alder stand
agricultural land
black alder
Alnus glutinosa
grey alder
Alnus incana
afforestation
succession
Sudetes Mountains
Opis:
The paper deals with the structural diversity and production of a less frequently studied type of alder stands originated on former agricultural lands in the 1950s, established partly by plantation and partly by natural succession in the area of the Krkonoše Mts. and the Orlické hory Mts. (Czech Republic). Four permanent research plots (PRP) were established at sites where Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and Grey alder (Alnus incana L. Moench.) naturally occurs, each plot of 0.25 ha in size. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure and development of the alder stands with respect to biodiversity, horizontal, vertical and species structure, diameter increment with emphasis on climate factors, and the quantity and quality of timber production. The results document low diversification of the studied stands in the PRPs. The horizontal structure is defined as random and clumped at sites at the highest altitude with high water table. The number of living trees with DBH ≥ 4 cm ranges between 556 to 828 trees ha-1 with the relative stand density index (SDI) 0.67–0.77. The stand volume ranges from 247 to 393 m3 ha–1, and decreases with higher altitudes. Low temperatures is limiting factor for radial growth in the high mountain areas, respectively low precipitation in the middle lands. Owing to a rather specific site character, as especially the spring area, the stands exhibit only average production, but the production quality is generally high. The quality timber is suitable for industrial use; the rot-affected trunk base parts usable for fuel represent only approximately 16%.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of environmental factors and management on dynamics of mixed calcareous forests under climate change in Central European lowlands
Autorzy:
Vancura, K.
Simkova, M.
Vacek, Z.
Vacek, S.
Gallo, J.
Simunek, V.
Podrazsky, V.
Stefancik, I.
Hajek, V.
Prokupkova, A.
Kralicek, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
hornbeam-oak groves
beech forests
stand structure
diversity
radial growth
Czech Republic
Opis:
Mixed lowland forests reserved for natural succession are sparse in the Czech Republic. However, their development provides essential insights into the natural processes of these forests and recommendations for forest management in a changing climate. The research describes the dynamics, productivity, structure, diversity, dead wood, and radial growth of hornbeam-oak groves and calcareous beech-dominated forests in the Karlštejn National Nature Reserve (Czechia) based on inventory in 2002, 2008, 2014 and 2020. The objective was to evaluate changes in differently managed stands (high forest, coppice with standards, and coppice) after leaving the stands to spontaneous development in 2004. The tree density increased by 2–10% from 2002 to 2014 and decreased by 6–18% in 2020. In the high forest, an increase in the stand volume was observed during the whole period, while in the coppice with standards and coppice, only until 2014. The stand volume ranged from 190 (coppice) to 630 (high forest) m³ ha−1 in 2020 and increased by an average of 28% over 18 years. Overall diversity of tree layer showed an uneven structure in the high forest and a substantially diverse structure in the other variants. The deadwood volume has been steadily increasing (18–35 m³ ha−1 in 2020), accumulating an average of 1 m³ ha−1 yr−1. A lack of precipitation and high temperatures from June to August were the main limiting factors of the radial growth of tree species, while the number of negative pointer years has increased in the last decade. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was the most sensitive tree species to climate compared to the resilient European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). The lowest fluctuations in the diameter increment were recorded in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and the highest in beech in the temperature cycles of 7–15 years. Over the last 20 years, sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] showed an increase in radial growth by 7%, while other tree species reported a decrease with a maximum in beech (by −38%). The forest stands managed as high forest, characterized by a higher production potential and lower diversity, had slower dynamics when compared to coppice with standards and coppice.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2022, 87; 79-100
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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