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Tytuł:
Psychological operations after the second world war
Autorzy:
Modrzejewski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-23
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
psychological operations
media
audience
influence
dissemination
Opis:
This paper has two purposes. From the personal side, the topic was chosen because I am interested in the history of psychological operations. To benefit the reader, I address psychological operations in selected military conflicts after the Second World War in order to consider this issue. The goal of this study is to depict examples of the psychological operations conducted after World War II as part of military operations and examine the increasing importance of these issues to all involved in the battle. The article describes methods and means of psychological activities carried out by both sides in conflicts against both soldiers and civilians. Most attention in the article is devoted to the potential of the United States, which is without doubt a leader in the development of psychological operations. US PSYOP equipment is the most sophisticated and covers a broad spectrum of diverse technological means of influence. It results especially from the permanent engagement of US troops in military activities in various parts of the world after the end of World War II. Psychological operations have been an essential element of warfare since ancient times. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviour favourable to the originator’s objectives. It has been used throughout history to influence foreign groups and leaders. Moreover, psychological operations targeted the enemy’s will to fight. In various conflicts after World War II, we can observe more and more attention being paid to psychological operations. Today we can observe a revolution in PSYOP capabilities. This is related to the development of modern technologies, especially the internet, which gives new opportunities for information transfer.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 12, 3; 74-99
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Black Propaganda in the Second World War
Autorzy:
Newcourt-Nowodworski, Stanley.
Współwytwórcy:
Szudek, Przemysław A. (1921-2008). Recenzja
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Sutton Publishing
Tematy:
Propaganda specjalna Polska Niemcy Wielka Brytania 1939-1945 r. recenzja
Akcja "N"
Opis:
Historia czarnej propagandy, zasosowanie jej przez Niemcy w l. 1939-1940, odwet brytyjski, polska Akcja "N" i współpraca polsko-brytyjska ma tym polu.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Tobruk in the Second World War : struggle and rememberance
Współwytwórcy:
Jasiński, Grzegorz (1980- ). Redakcja
Zuziak, Janusz. Redakcja
Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej. pbl
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej
Tematy:
Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich (Polskie Siły Zbrojne na Zachodzie)
Walki o Tobruk (1940-1942)
Polacy
Opis:
Bibliogr. s. 269-273.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Primate Wyszyński towards Polish Western Lands after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Zamiatała, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Western Lands
Primate S. Wyszyński
Church
German revisionism
communist authorities
Opis:
Primate S. Wyszyński was interested in each symptom of social and religious life of the society in the Western Lands. Thanks to his frequent visitations he knew Church, social and national reality in this area very well. He also noticed an important role of the Church in its mission to unite these lands with “homeland”. Primate was not doubtful that these lands fairly belonged to Poland. The assignment of these lands to Poland was perceived by him as not only the recognition of historical rights, but also as “Divine restitution”, as an expression of justice for Poland being harmed by the German occupier, and not a political game. In his speeches and sermons, he reassured and encouraged its inhabitants. He called them to last here, on these old Piast lands, and believe in „historical moment of the nation on these lands” and to love this land. Primate noticed the effects of confusing policy of the communists towards Silesian people in Opole region. He saw that the encounter of indigenous people with Poland by communism must have been disastrous for Poland, which identified everything, which was Polish, with communism.
Źródło:
Studia Theologica Varsaviensia; 2018, 56, 2; 201-213
0585-5594
Pojawia się w:
Studia Theologica Varsaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tadeusz Różewicz and Modern Identity in Poland since the Second World War
Autorzy:
Browarny, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2011840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-10
Wydawca:
Fundacja „Projekt Nauka”
Opis:
As Andrzej Mencwel observed, “as a result of fundamental historical changes” the need arises for “restructuring of the whole present memory and tradition system” (Rodzinna Europa po raz pierwszy). Changes of such significance took place in Poland during the Second World War and several following decades. Collective experience of that time was made up of – apart from political antagonisms – social and cultural phenomena such as change of elites, reinterpretation of their grand narratives (or symbolic world), the ultimate inclusion of the masses into the national project based on the post-gentry tradition and national history, the intensive development of urban lifestyle and the expansion of popular culture, industrialization and the process of forming a single-nationality state that diverted from the politics of domination over eastern neighbors and, instead, focused on developing the so-called Polish Western and Northern Lands. Tadeusz Różewicz’s work referred to these experiences on both the intellectual and biographical level. Comparing Juliusz Mieroszewski’s political journalism with Tadeusz Różewicz’s works, Andrzej Mencwel stressed its unique relationship of the author of Niepokój. According to him, both writers were writing as though “they had truly experienced the end of the world” (Przedwiośnie czy potop. Studium postaw polskich w XX wieku). In the afterword to the German anthology of Różewicz’s works, Karl Dedecius mentioned “Stunde Null” (“hour zero”) as the founding experience of his writing. It was this experience that induced him to undertake the challenge of attempting a new collective and national as well as individual self-identification, searching for a radically new way of thinking and writing about man, and verifying the essential components of his identity. Andrzej Walicki called this urge “the catastrophism after a catastrophe”, explaining that “once the catastrophe took place, a ca- tastrophist acknowledging its inevitability must think about ‘a new beginning’, about determining his own place in a new world” (Zniewolony umysł po latach). Hanna Gosk specifies that “it gave rise to situations when the necessity of discovering one’s place in new geographical, social, axiological and world-view-related environment urged self-identification” (Bohater swoich czasów. Postać literacka w powojennej prozie polskiej o tematyce współczesnej). It must be stressed that the need for re-establishing the sense of identity, resulting from a major crisis, was by no means limited to the postwar artistic and political elites. On the contrary, due to social changes and democratization of the access to national culture, it concerned more than ever in the past the “everyman” who did not belong to one class solely: the intelligentsia, bourgeoisie, peasantry, or proletariat but, most often, represented multiple social rooting. Tadeusz Różewicz, alongside with writers such as Tadeusz Borowski, Marek Hłasko or Miron Białoszewski, made the “Polish everyman” (Tadeusz Drewnowski) the central figure of his work. This study discusses the modern identity of an individual in Poland in two variants: a cultured man with traditions and an ordinary, transitional, temporal, or “new”, man. By adopting the narrativist approach, identity can be described through its articulations in culture, for example in literary texts. Analyzing methods of modern identification and self-awareness throughout this book, I try to prove that prose works of the author of Śmierć w starych dekoracjach present an extensive, interesting and diverse material in the matter. When necessary, I refer also to his dramatic works and poetry, especially to some longer poems published after 1989. The author’s most important prose works have so far been written in the first 30-year period starting from his debut volume of partisan novellas, notes and humorous sketches Echa leśne mimeographed in 1944. While focusing on this period, I also analyze later works published in collections Nasz starszy brat and Matka odchodzi published in the last decade of the 20th century, although written at an earlier date. Różewicz’s prose works analyzed here were published predominantly in the threevolume edition of Utwory zebrane in 2003/2004, in the reportage collection entitled Kartki z Węgier (1953) as well as in the collection of newspapers features, letters and notes – written in the 60s. and 70s. in most cases – entitled Margines, ale… (2010). I also make use of the earlier editions of his works, containing prose works not included in Utwory zebrane, for example, from the volume Opadły liście z drzew, as well as of some narratives published in journals and anthologies. Conversations with the writer published in Wbrew sobie. Rozmowy z Tadeuszem Różewiczem (2011) and his letters to Jerzy and Zofia Nowosielscy included in Korespondencja comprise an auxiliary material. What specifically draws my attention in Tadeusz Różewicz’s prose? I read his works in the context of identity narratives manifest in culture and historical-biographical stories. The questions then arise about their formative influence on an individual: what within them presents a reference for the “self ” seeking identification? When and how does individual experience take on an intersubjective meaning? Under what circumstances is it expressed in the public sphere? Have new identification patterns emerged in the Polish modernity, and if so, then what fields and phenomena of the 20th century culture or history have taken on such model significance? How and where were boundaries drawn be tween what is individual in an identity of a person speaking and thinking in Polish on the one hand, and, on the other, what is collective? What has been considered native in this identity, and what alien – for exam¬ple Western, bourgeois, communist, German, Jewish, non-normative in terms of religion or sexuality – and in what way has cultural “otherness” been constructed at that time? Trying to answer these questions, I refer to categories of cultural anthropology such as symbolic universe, collective memory, autobiographical identity, body and space in culture, as well as to notions from the social sciences – interpersonal relationship, public discourse and communicative community. To put it simply, using these categories I try to describe the most important narrative forms and topics of Różewicz’s prose that allow the writer to address and express in a liter¬ary form identity problems faced by an individual and the community. I also attempt to analyze the very proces through which Różewicz devel¬ops his own unique identity narratives as well as the evolution of narra¬tive conventions of his literary work. Reading Różewicz’s works in this manner and organizing chapters of this book from the ones presenting public identity (displayed publicly and codified in ideology or aesthetic) to the ones presenting private identity, I put an especial emphasis on some issues related to cultural studies and social communication. Ac¬cording to the reconstruction model, I assume that even private experi¬ences shape one’s identity through culture and language. In Różewicz’s narratives I describe and compare both more collective and more indi-vidual premises for constructing identity. The criterion for differentiating between these premises is determined by the narrativist approach adopt¬ed in this book. An individual’s identity (even autobiographical one) is created and expressed within the existing culture and public sphere, and for this reason I am interested in history of ideas, in social relationships, symbols and role models, changes of customs and everyday life which left a distinct impression on literary, political or historical narratives. Reading these narratives, I make use of the following authors: Jan Assmann, Jean Baudrillard, Zygmunt Bauman, Ernst Cassirer, Michel Foucault, Marc Fumaroli, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jerzy Jedlicki, Anthony Giddens, Iz¬abela Kowalczyk, Philippe Lejeune, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Stanisław Ossowski, Ewa Rewers, Paul Ricoeur, Richard Rorty, Elżbieta Rybicka, Richard Shusterman, Georg Simmel, Jerzy Szacki, Magdalena Środa, Charles Taylor, Nikodem Bończa Tomaszewski, Christian Vandendorpe, Anna Wieczorkiewicz. I rely on their reconstruction of social-historical background of modern identity presented by these authors as well as on language used by them. The book structure results from the overlapping, or even conflict, of two research objectives. My task is to analyze the most important prem¬ises and forms of identity in Różewicz’s prose, and I describe them in separate chapters as problems of culture, literature and history of ideas as well as models and social projects. It is my wish that all these perspectives make up a coherent identity narrative of man of the second half of the 20th century – a “biographical” case study. The study covers the pro¬cess of political empowerment of an individual; his/her participation in democratized mass culture; his/her attitude towards collective memory, towards Polish and European cultural community; experiencing of body, sexuality and everyday existence; emotional and social relationship with space; and, finally, an autobiographical identity which I reconstruct as a transitional and provisional “whole”. One of the most significant issues covered in the book is the western orientation of Polish collective identity in the 20th century, related to the modernization of Central Europe and the postwar division of the continent by the Iron Curtain, which created in Poland a phantom idea of the West, as well as to the shifted borders of the Polish state to the territories by the Odra river and the Baltic Sea, to polonization of former German lands, and, finally, to historical and polit¬ical discourse legitimizing this transfer of territories. Tadeusz Różewicz as a travelling writer and journalist has relentlessly problematized the relationship between Europe and its Polish idea; as a resident in Gliwice and Wrocław, not only has he described – since the trip down the Odra river on a fishing boat from Koźle to Szczecin in 1947 – symbolic colonization of the post- German Nadodrze, but also artistically diagnosed the birth of the new individual and social identity of the inhabitants of this border area, with its clashing narratives of history, biography and national literature alongside the overlapping traces of different cultures and traditions. Writing about Różewicz’s man in this book, I clearly do not mean the writer himself. It is obvious that among many convictions and attitudes that the author of Sobowtór manifests, there are some of which he is fond, and there are others of which he is not. I do not disregard his views voiced in non-fiction narratives and public speeches, yet I am mostly interested in experience, world view and self-comprehension of his literary persona and literary hero presented or partially derived from an idea of man and of community in his texts. Analyzing Różewicz’s works, I therefore distinguish between his self-evident journalistic approach and his humanistic reflection which is a result of a philosophical or literary presentation of identity problems an individual faces. I read his prose as an element of a public discourse and at the same time as an indirect – formulated in fictional, intimate or notebook narratives – criticism of social reality and European culture in the 20th century. In most cases, I leave open questions such as whether or not Różewicz was or is committed to a specific political project; whether or not he is a modern man in different meanings of this notion; whether or not his personal identity coincides with identity narratives in his books. Finding an answer to these questions is not a purpose of this book. It is, distinctively, the problem of Tadeusz Różewicz’s intellectual commitment to modern culture, literature and history and a problem of the writer’s role in creative and critical understanding of them that I find more interesting and important.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
Tytuł:
The Second World War and the Political-System Status of European Monarchs
Autorzy:
Rakowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
the Second World War
political changes
European monarchies
kingdoms
republics
druga wojna światowa
zmiany ustrojowe
europejskie monarchie
królestwa
republiki
Opis:
The Second World War brought significant political changes to European monarchies. Immediately after the war, six kingdoms ceased to exist and became republics. This concerned Eastern European countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, as well as Italy, where Victor Emmanuel III had to pay for years of cooperation with the fascist regime. Before the outbreak of the war, at least three European monarchies had considerable power, holding the most important prerogatives in their hands: this was the case in Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. Such a political model failed to survive the war, as after 1945 the kings and princes of the Old Continent only “reigned, but did not rule” (only Louis II, Prince of Monaco kept a stronger position until the end of the 1950s). It used to happen during the war that in countries with an established parliamentary system the monarch played a greater role than during the years of peace (the most prominent example being Wilhelmina, the Queen of the Netherlands). The article also presents other issues important to the royal authority – the functioning of monarchs in exile, the threat to their lives, the exercise of sovereignty (usually only in a ceremonial capacity) over the armed forces, and abdications forced by the circumstances.
Druga wojna światowa przyniosła europejskim monarchiom poważne zmiany ustrojowe. Bezpośrednio po wojnie sześć królestw przestało istnieć, stały się republikami. Dotyczyło to państw Europy Wschodniej, które znalazły się w radzieckiej strefie wpływów, a także Włoch, gdzie Wiktorowi Emanuelowi III przyszło zapłacić za lata współpracy z faszystami. Przed wybuchem wojny przynajmniej w trzech europejskich monarchiach władca posiadał istotną władzę, skupiając w swych rękach najważniejsze uprawnienia – tak było w Rumunii, Bułgarii i Albanii. Taki model ustrojowy nie przetrwał wojny, po 1945 r. królowie i książęta Starego Kontynentu jedynie „panowali, ale nie rządzili” (silniejszą pozycję do końca lat 50. zachował tylko panujący w Monako Ludwik II). W okresie wojny zdarzało się, że w państwach o ugruntowanym już systemie parlamentarnym władca odgrywał rolę większą niż w latach pokoju (najlepszym przykładem może być holenderska Wilhelmina). W artykule przedstawiono też inne zagadnienia ważne dla władzy królewskiej: funkcjonowanie monarchów na uchodźstwie, zagrożenie ich życia, wykonywanie – zazwyczaj jedynie reprezentacyjne – zwierzchnictwa nad siłami zbrojnymi, a także wymuszone okolicznościami abdykacje.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 4; 251-278
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powrót
Long road home : the aftermath of the Second World War, 2010
Autorzy:
Shephard, Ben (1948- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Dzierzgowski, Jan. Tłumaczenie
Wielka Litera. pbl
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Wielka Litera
Tematy:
UNRRA
Repatriacja 1945-1989 r.
Wysiedlanie
Pomoc humanitarna międzynarodowa
Opis:
Tyt. oryg.: "The long road home : the aftermath of the Second World War" 2010. Na okł. podtyt.: epicka opowieść o milionach wysiedlonych podczas wojny.
Bibliogr. s. [553]-576. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
MUZEUM II WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ – DWUGŁOS
MUSEUM OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR – TWO STANCES
Autorzy:
Marcin, Kula,
Piotr, Majewski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/433234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
Tematy:
Muzeum II Wojny Światowej
dyskusja
historia
historiografia
narracja
ekspozycja
Museum of the Second World War
discussion
history
historiography
narration
exhibition
Opis:
Two stances of Polish historians present a nuanced methodological view of the socially controversial problem of the investment entitled the Museum of the Second World War. Building the museum, the discussions concerning the form of its permanent exhibition – apart from their ad hoc political context – touched on key issues for museology: the autonomy of cultural institutions, the authorial rights of the team preparing the exhibition, but most of all, the challenge posed by the attempt to present the various social expectations typical of communities with diverse historical sensitivities in the exhibition. The two stances presented continue this discussion which is being held on the basis of history and museology.
Dwugłos dwóch polskich historyków prezentuje zniuansowane metodologicznie spojrzenia na żywy społecznie problem, jakim była inwestycja pn. Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku. Budowa tego muzeum, dyskusje o kształcie ekspozycji stałej – niezależnie od ich doraźnego politycznego kontekstu – dotykały kwestii dla muzealnictwa kluczowych: autonomii instytucji kultury, praw autorskich zespołu przygotowującego wystawę, ale przede wszystkim – wyzwania, jakim jest próba zaprezentowania na wystawie różnorodnych społecznych oczekiwań charakterystycznych dla zbiorowości o zróżnicowanych historycznych wrażliwościach. Prezentowany dwugłos jest tej dyskusji kontynuacją, prowadzoną na gruncie historii i muzeologii.
Źródło:
Muzealnictwo; 2017, 58; 102-108
0464-1086
Pojawia się w:
Muzealnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bundists and the issue of emigration from Poland after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Rusiniak-Karwat, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1892083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
emigration and emigrationism
Jewish Labour Bund
post-war Poland
Opis:
The main objective of this paper is to present a change in the attitudes among Bundists towards emigration in the post-war Poland. The program of the Jewish Labour Bund throughout its existence was based on three pillars: here-ness (doykayt), family-ness (mishpokhedikayt), and Jewish-ness (Yiddishkayt). After the Second World War some of them lost their significance. Many Jews, including Bundists, saw their future outside Poland. In the article I will show different attitudes of the members of the Bund towards emigration, as well as the reasons behind their choices: either to stay in Poland or to leave the country.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 1; 149-159
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ruch oporu w Europie 1939-1945
European resistance in the Second World War
Współwytwórcy:
Cooke, Philip E. (1965- ). Redakcja
Shepherd, Ben H. Redakcja
Prochenka, Tomasz. Tłumaczenie
Wasilewski, Michał. Tłumaczenie
Dom Wydawniczy Bellona (1997-2007). pbl
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Bellona
Tematy:
II wojna światowa (1939-1945)
Ruch oporu
Opis:
Zawiera mapy.
Na s. 4 okł. błędnie rozpisany ISBN.
Bibliogr. przy rozdz. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Jewish Political Life in Poland on the Eve of the Second World War
Autorzy:
Polonsky, Antony
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
Bund
Socialism
Polska
Jews
Interwar Period
Opis:
The increasingly critical situation of the Jewish minority and the bankruptcy of the previously dominant political orientations within the Jewish community created a new set of opportunities for a group, the General Jewish Workers’ Alliance, or Bund which had played only a marginal role in both Polish and Jewish politics between 1920 and 1935. The growing strength of the Bund was clearly evident in the municipal elections of late 1938 and early 1939 which saw it emerge as the largest Jewish party in towns such as Warsaw, Łódź, Vilna and Białystok. This article seeks to evaluate the Bund’s reaction to its heightened importance in Jewish politics in Poland.
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2022, 13; 4-16
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ruch oporu w Europie 1939-1945
European resistance in the Second World War
Współwytwórcy:
Cooke, Philip E. (1965- ). Redakcja
Shepherd, Ben H. Redakcja
Prochenka, Tomasz. Tłumaczenie
Wasilewski, Michał. Tłumaczenie
Dom Wydawniczy Bellona (1997-2007). pbl
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Bellona
Tematy:
II wojna światowa (1939-1945)
Ruch oporu
Opis:
Zawiera mapy.
Na s. 4 okł. błędnie rozpisany ISBN.
Bibliogr. przy rozdz. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Concerts of the Jewish Orchestra in the Łódź Ghetto during the Second World War
Autorzy:
Zapiór, Luiza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Łódź Ghetto
Holocaust
cultural life
World War II
Opis:
The article discusses concerts organised by the inhabitants of the Łódź Ghetto and their cultural context. My research focuses on concerts conducted by Teodor Ryder, with preserved posters and programmes used as my sources. The surviving concert reviews written in the ghetto contribute to a better understanding of these events. Analysis of source materials provides me with an opportunity to describe the musical life in the ghetto and discuss the role of music in the lives of its inhabitants.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2020, 4(47) ENG; 197-213
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polscy romaniści w czasie II wojny światowej
Polish Romanists during the Second World War
Autorzy:
Czech-Jezierska, Bożena Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Roman law in Poland
history of jurisprudence in Poland
underground education
Polish Roman law scholars
Second World War
prawo rzymskie w Polsce
historia nauki prawa w Polsce
tajne szkolnictwo
romaniści polscy
II wojna światowa
Opis:
The article is an attempt to establish the Polish Roman law scholars’ fates in the period of 1939–1945. Second World War changed their lifetimes dramatically. Some of the scholars were arrested, some of them were murdered, some of them had to leave Poland. After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 Polish academics were not permitted to give lectures, so higher education of lawyers, including Roman law lectures, transformed into underground education at secret law faculties all over Poland. Despite the difficulties, Roman law – as a university subject – was constantly taught in all centres of legal education in Poland.
Artykuł jest próbą naszkicowania losów polskich romanistów w latach 1939–1945. II wojna światowa często radykalnie wpłynęła na kształt ich życiorysów: niektórzy z naukowców zostali aresztowani, inni zginęli lub musieli opuścić Polskę. Po ataku Niemiec i ZSRR na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 r. nauczycielom akademickim uniemożliwiono prowadzenie wykładów, zatem uniwersytecka edukacja prawników, obejmująca również prawo rzymskie, zmieniła się w nauczanie na tajnych wydziałach prawa w całej Polsce. Mimo tych przeciwności prawo rzymskie jako przedmiot dydaktyczny przetrwało przez trudny okres okupacji w Polsce.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego; 2018, 21; 383-401
1733-0335
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mieszkańcy Siedlec w obliczu sowietyzacji miasta w 1944 roku
Residents of Siedlce in the face of Sovietization of the town in 1944
Autorzy:
Wołosz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
History
Siedlce
the Second World War
Opis:
The last day of Nazi German occupation of Siedlce started a new chapter in the life of the local community. Being destroyed in 75 percent, the town was far from its former status of an important regional centre of administration and education. As a result of military actions many buildings and schools were burned or destroyed. The local power plant and waterworks were damaged. The scale of damages and nonfunctioning of , numerous, basic town facilities made the living situation of local citizens very complicated and hard to resolve. By describing the extent of damages, the tries to show the conditions in which the local community had to live and how difficult it was to recover after the military actions during the Second World War, including the battle of 1944. The violent political changes, which occurred after the Red Army’s appearance, formed the background to rebuilding of the town and social recovery. Despite the propaganda and brutal political struggle, the imposed local government was considered „foreign” by the majority of citizens. Having sketched the grim post-war situation of Siedlce’s residents, the author analyzes the causes of anxieties and later hostile attitude of the local society towards the new administration built on the principles set by Polish Committee of National Liberation, whose operations changed the social landscape for the worse.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2014, 3; 211-230
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meteorological Observations at Pip Ivan (Chornohora) and Kasprowy Wierch (Tatras) Before the Second World War
Autorzy:
Skrynyk, O.
Rymarowicz, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/163867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwa Geofizyczne
Tematy:
Carpathians
Pip Ivan
Kasprowy Wierch
observatory
climate
meteorology
Opis:
The 80th anniversary of the grand opening of the observatories at the Kasprowy Wierch and Pip Ivan peaks is a suitable occasion to present the results of the meteorological observations of these institutions. During the Second World War, the Pip Ivan observatory was abandoned. This paper presents the meteorological conditions at the Pip Ivan station during in the period of October 1938 – July 1939. This is possible due to the original sheets of meteorological observations from the Pip Ivan observatory found in private collections. They were compared with the results of the meteorological observations from Kasprowy Wierch, acquired with the IMGW-PIB archive (for the period of February – July 1939).
Źródło:
Przegląd Geofizyczny; 2018, 4; 363-373
0033-2135
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geofizyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jews Working in Agriculture in Poland in the First Years after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Rykała, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Jewish agriculture
productivisation
number and arrangement of Jewish farms
agricultural kibbutizm
Polska
Lower Silesia
Western Pomerania
Opis:
The article presents the political and geographical considerations and the development of Jews in agriculture in Poland in the first years after the Second World War. The analysis was made in the context of the implementation of the policy so-called productivisation, which was based on increasing employment among the Jews (and other groups) in the industry, the cooperative sector and the rural economy. The areas of the largest concentration of Jewish farms were Lower Silesia and north-western Poland, especially two counties: Stargard and Choszczno. Despite the financial and material support (among others the Society for the Propagation of Professional Knowledge ORT), many farmers did not succeed at ensuring the profitability of their farms. However, the launch of farms quite quickly improved the dire material situation of Jews. The most resigned, fearful and hurt among them, who saw handing over their fate to appropriate institutions as their only chance for a change in living conditions, found employment in agriculture.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2016, 23, 2; 49-63
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of GPR Survey in the Investigation of a Plane Crash from the Second World War
Autorzy:
Pasterkiewicz, Wojciech
Rajchel, Bernadeta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/497954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
GPR research
post-war objects
archaeology
Opis:
The article discusses the use of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for locating objects originating from the war period. It also presents the results of GPR research, showing the presence of a World War II aircraft wreck located in the subsurface layer in Krościenko Wyżne, Krosno County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Excavations carried out later have confirmed these surveys. The remains of the aircraft were documented in spots in which anomalies were indicated by the GPR. The conducted archaeological work made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the georadar technique.
Źródło:
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia; 2017, 12; 271-284
2084-4409
Pojawia się w:
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish architecture during the second world war, as exemplified by The Fish Hatchery Centre in Łopuszna
Autorzy:
Białkiewicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie
Tematy:
architecture
project
function
regional architecture
architektura
architektura regionalna
projekt
funkcja
Opis:
On the example of plan and construction of The Fish Hatchery Centre in Łopuszna, near Nowy Targ, constructed during the Second World War, exact analysis was carried out concerning forms and regional stylistic of its buildings. During the occupation Polish architects generally were not able to operate freely. However, many of them used every opportunity to make good and valuable architecture and they succeeded in designing excellent buildings despite severe restrictions imposed by Germans. The Centre in Łopuszna and some other projects were significant constructions free from the influence of German architectural style. Polish architects consciously and consistently tried to design buildings according to the characteristic features of Polish architecture. In that way, on the basis of the appreciation of local culture, the great architecture was made, which certainly is a flagship example in Polish architecture.
Źródło:
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape; 2014, 3; 33-41
2300-1496
Pojawia się w:
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Competence Tribunal After the Second World War. About the Draft of a Decree of 1947
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
separation of powers
competence dispute
Competence Tribunal
trójpodział władz
spory kompetencyjne
trybunał kompetencyjny
Opis:
The study concerns the issue of adjudication of competence disputes between the executive and judiciary. The notion of the competence dispute is usually associated with the tripartite system of separation of powers, widely adopted by the European constitutionalism. The origins of resolving such disputes by a specialised state body can be traced back to the Napoleonic era and its Council of State. Clearly, solutions adopted in the constitutional law of the Second Republic of Poland are based on those of the Third French Republic. As a result, a separate court, called the Competence Tribunal, was created by means of the Act of 25th November 1925 on the Competence Tribunal. After the Second World War, due to the contemporary judicial practice, an attempt to restore the aforementioned tribunal was made. The draft of a decree of 1947, being an intended amendment to the act of 1925, was the fruit of the labour of the then Ministry of Justice. The draft mainly aimed to adjust the composition of the tribunal to a new political situation which emerged in 1945 in Poland.
W artykule została przedstawiona problematyka dotycząca rozstrzygania sporów kompetencyjnych, jakie zachodzą między władzą wykonawczą a sądowniczą. Spory o atrybucję władz są związane z przyjętym w konstytucjonalizmie europejskim trójpodziałem władz. Początków rozstrzygania takich sporów przez odrębny organ należy szukać w epoce napoleońskiej, w uprawnieniach Rady Stanu. W prawie ustrojowym II Rzeczypospolitej wzorowano się na rozwiązaniach III Republiki Francuskiej. W związku z tym powołany został odrębny trybunał na podstawie ustawy z dnia 25 listopada 1925 r. o Trybunale Kompetencyjnym. Po II wojnie światowej miała miejsce próba reaktywacji trybunału, co wynikało z ówczesnej praktyki sądowej. Wynikiem prac w ówczesnym ministerstwie sprawiedliwości był projekt dekretu z 1947 r., który stanowił nowelizację ustawy z 1925 r. Dekret miał w praktyce przede wszystkim dostosować skład trybunału do zmienionej sytuacji polityczno-ustrojowej, jaka zaszła po 1945 r. w państwie polskim.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2016, 25, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Administration and Operation of the Commercial Seaports in Gdańsk and Gdynia During the Second World War
Autorzy:
Hajduk, Bolesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30146173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
war
economy
port
administration
operation
wojna
gospodarka
administracja
eksploatacja
Opis:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono funkcjonowanie oraz eksploatację portu gdańskiego i wydzielonej dla potrzeb gospodarki cywilnej części portu gdyńskiego w czasie II wojny światowej. Po wybuchu wojny, we wrześniu 1939 r. rozwiązano Radę Portu i Dróg Wodnych, sprawującą dotąd administrację nad portem gdańskim, a jej kompetencje powierzono komisarzowi państwowemu dla portów i dróg wodnych przy namiestniku Rzeszy Niemieckiej w Gdańsku. Komisarz państwowy przejął także administrację nad wyodrębnionym w styczniu 1940 r. dla potrzeb gospodarki cywilnej tzw. sektorem ekonomicznym w porcie wojennym Gdynia. Z początkiem 1940 r. oddano zarząd nad portem gdańskim i częścią cywilną w porcie gdyńskim utworzonemu przez namiestnika Rzeszy Niemieckiej oraz miasto Gdańsk towarzystwu akcyjnemu Gdańska Spółka Portowa z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (Danziger Hafengesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung – “Dahag”). Realizowane podczas wojny inwestycje oraz uzupełnianie wyposażenia technicznego w obydwu portach usprawniły ich działalność oraz poprawiły zdolność przeładunkową. W sumie obroty towarowe wspólnoty portowej Gdańsk-Gdynia w okresie wojny były jednak mniejsze od wielkości przeładowywanych do momentu jej wybuchu. Pomimo wysiłków, podejmowanych przez władze spółki „Dahag,” zespół portowy Gdańsk–Gdynia nie stał się dominującym w południowej strefie Bałtyku ośrodkiem przewozów tranzytowych ze Skandynawii do państw Europy środkowej do czego, poza sytuacją wojenną, przyczyniła się także konkurencja innych portów niemieckich.
The study presents the functioning and operation of the port of Gdańsk and the civilian-economy zone of the port of Gdynia during World War II. After the outbreak of the war, in September 1939, the Harbour and Waterways Council, which had so far administered the port of Gdańsk, was dissolved, and its powers were entrusted to the State Commissioner for Harbours and Waterways working under the Reich Governor of Gdańsk. The State Commissioner also took over the administration of the so-called economic sector at the naval port of Gdynia. At the beginning of 1940, the management of the port of Gdańsk and the civilian part of the port of Gdynia was handed over to the joint stock company “Danziger Hafengesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung” – “Dahag” established by the Reich Governor and the city of Gdańsk. The investments made in the two ports and the new technical equipment they received improved their operations and cargo handling capacity. However, the cargo turnover of the Gdańsk–Gdynia port complex during the war was smaller than the volumes handled before the outbreak of the war. Despite the efforts made by the authorities of “Dahag,” the Gdańsk–Gdynia port complex never became a hub for transit transport from Scandinavia to Central Europe in the southern part of the Baltic Sea, which, apart from the war, was due to competition from other German ports.
Źródło:
Studia Maritima; 2022, 35; 189-204
0137-3587
2353-303X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Maritima
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Franco’s Choice: The Reevaluation of Spain’s Neutrality and Non-Belligerence During the Second World War
Autorzy:
Lénárt, András
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-20
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Spain
Second World War
Neutrality
Non-Belligerence
Blue Division
Opis:
General Francisco Franco established his dictatorship in Spain in 1939 after winning the Civil War fought against the democratic Republican government. The same year, the Second World War broke out. The Caudillo wanted his country to remain neutral, but Spain soon moved forward to the status of non-belligerence: Franco backed Mussolini and Hitler on the level of propaganda, and he also sent voluntary troops to help the Germans, although he also maintained relations with the Allies. Later, the country returned to the status of neutrality. The aim of my article is to highlight the main features of the Spanish attitude and the government’s diplomatic maneuvers between the Axis powers and the Allies, paying special attention to Franco’s possibilities and doubts.
Źródło:
Studia Historyczne; 2022, 63, 1(249); 61-74
0025-1429
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Balkan Orthodox Churches in Soviet Union policy (in the first years after the Second World War)
Autorzy:
Czekalski, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32321755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan history
Soviet Union
communism
Orthodox Church
religious policy
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the concept and actions taken by the Soviet diplomacy and the hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church to subjugate the Orthodox communities in the communist Balkan countries. The mechanism of the subjugation of the Balkan churches has been included into a comparative perspective and integrated into the broader concept of the Moscow Patriarchate towards gaining a leading role in the Orthodox world in the first years after the end of the Second World War. The process of dependency and its effects are reflected in diplomatic documents, but also in those produced by the Orthodox Churches themselves. The key element for gaining central position in the Orthodox world by Moscow was the organisation of anniversary celebrations and conferences to integrate the community and to involve it in the implementation of plans towards Soviet political domination. The results of these efforts were very limited in relation to ambitions outlined by the leadership of the Soviet state, revealing differing positions of the major patriarchates, as well as a real strength of authority and prestige that the Ecumenical Patriarchate invariably enjoyed.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2023, 30; 207-224
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In die tribulationis: The Ordaining of Priests for the Diocese of Lublin During the Second World War
Autorzy:
Marczewski, Jarosław R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
the Second World War
the Diocese of Lublin
clergy
ordination
Opis:
A major problem of the diocese of Lublin during the Second World War was the replenishment of its clergy. In the initial period of the war, Lublin Seminary remained closed. Its bishops were arrested and deported from Lublin. In these circumstances, it was necessary to use some extraordinary efforts to continue the formation of seminarians and lead them to ordination. Right after the Germans entered Lublin in September 1939, the Lublin Auxiliary Bishop, Władysław Goral, still succeeded in ordaining a few seminarians in the seminary church. Then, in 1940, the auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Pinsk, Karol Niemira, arrived in Lublin and ordained a large group of seminarians. In 1941, one seminarian was ordained in Vilnius. Some regularity in ordination returned in the years 1941-1944, when the Germans allowed the Lublin Seminary to reopen. The seminarians had to travel in small groups to Nowy Sącz, though, where the bishop of the diocese of Lublin, Marian Leon Fulman, was interned. They were secretly ordained by him in the private chapel of the rectory. Shortly after he returned to Lublin, but before the war was ended in 1945, Bishop Fulman ordained another seminarian in his bishop's chapel. In total, during the Second World War, fifty-eight new priests were ordained for the diocese of Lublin.
Źródło:
Roczniki Teologiczne; 2017, 64, 4 English Online Version; 91-123
2353-7272
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka dokumentów z dziejów ruchu prometejskiego lat drugiej wojny światowej
Promethean Movement during the Second World War
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Second World War
Prometheism
foreign policy of II Republic of Poland
military intelligence of II Republic of Poland
ethnic minorities in the USSR
peoples of Caucasus
Opis:
The Promethean movement in the policy of II Republic of Poland consisted in offering support to the independence movements and strivings of the peoples making up the then Soviet Union. With active participation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (henceforth referred to as: MFA), II Branch of the General (Main) Command – intelligence services and a number of research institutes, close contacts had been maintained with the émigré governments and politicians representing various nations of the Soviet Union. In recent years, the pressure of current policy has led to a renewed interest in issues relating to Prometheism, which brought about a crop of a number of valuable papers devoted to the interwar period. A lot has already been written about the Promethean movement following the end of the Second World War. Yet relatively little has been written about the war-time history of the movement. The documents presented below are associated with the war period, following the Soviet invasion of Finland. Among the circles of the French and British staff officers there even appeared a conception of bombing the oil fields in the Caucasus – naturally taking advantage of the Turkish airspace and the French military bases on the territory of Syria. It was thought that the subjugated nations in the Caucasus would then rise up against their oppressor. It was in such an atmosphere that a meeting between the representatives of the Caucasian nations and W. Bąkiewicz, which constitutes the subject-matter of analysis contained in the first of the published documents, took place in Istanbul. The second document is a translation of the treaty of the Caucasian Confederacy whereas the third document dates back to the autumn of 1940 and constitutes a commentary to the memorial concerning Promethean issues submitted by a reporter and Promeathean activist W. Pelc; the commentary had been written by Prof. Olgierd Górka, an expert of the Polish government in exile specializing in ethic issues. The above documents are associated with a rather peculiar and paradoxical situation which arose after the fall of the Polish state when for a brief period a time, thanks to propitious political circumstances, Prometheism had a chance to succeed. The conception was to have been realized in cooperation with the allies – France and Great Britain; the pact between Poland and the Allies was to have been directed against the totalitarian Soviet system and indirectly against the Nazi system. However a change of the international situation had quickly made the realization of these plans impossible.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2014, 7, 2; 335-378
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Błogosławione Siostry Elżbietanki: męczenniczki czasu II wojny światowej
Blessed Elizabeth Sisters: martyrs of the Second World War
Autorzy:
Kijas, Zdzisław J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
męczennik
miłość
sumienie
elżbietanki
II wojna światowa
martyr
love
conscience
Sisters of St Elizabeth
Second World War
Opis:
Przedłożony tekst stanowi refleksję nad postacią chrześcijańskiego męczennika. Jest on świadkiem prawdziwości wiary w Boga, który jest życiem. Takie pojęcie martys znalazło zastosowanie w księgach Nowego Testamentu. Odtąd autentycznym świadkiem jest ten, kto nie tylko daje słowne świadectwo o czymś lub o kimś, ale zaświadcza o tym własnym życiem. Motywem do nich jest beatyfikacja 10 męczenniczek elżbietanek. Były nimi: Siostra M. Edelburgis Kubitzki († 20 lutego 1945); Siostra M. Rosaria Schilling († 23 lutego 1945); Siostra M.Adela Schramm († 25 lutego 1945); Siostra M. Sabina Thienel († 1 marca 1945); Siostra M. Adelheidis Töpfer (⸶24 marca 1945); Siostra M. Melusja Rybka († 24 marca 1945); Siostra M. Sapientia Heymann († 24 marca 1945); Siostra M. Felicitas Ellmerer († 25 marca 1945); Siostra M. Acutina Goldberg († 2 maja 1945 i Siostra M. Paschalis Jahn († 11 maja 1945). Ich beatyfikacja odbyła się 11 czerwca 2022 r. w archikatedrze wrocławskiej. Wszystkie one zamordowane były przez żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej w ostatnich miesiącach II wojny światowej. Kim zatem jest męczennik chrześcijański? Co jest jego siłą? Siłą męczennika jest Chrystus. Nie wystarczy jednak wierzyć w siłę, której udziela Chrystus, aby odnieść zwycięstwo w walce ze złem. Nie pomaga bierność, lecz potrzeba czegoś więcej. Potrzeba światła sumienia. Męczennik staje się świadkiem prawdy, dobra, sprawiedliwości tylko dlatego, że był wpierw człowiekiem sumienia. Jego życie było piękne, bo było życiem zgodnym z pięknym sumieniem.
The submitted text is a reflection on the figure of the Christian martyr. He is a witness to the truthfulness of faith in God, who is life. This concept of martyrs found its application in the books of the New Testament. Henceforth, an authentic witness is one who not only gives verbal testimony to something or someone, but testifies to it with his own life. The motive for them is the beatification of 10 Elizabethan martyrs. They were: Sister M. Edelburgis Kubitzki († February 20, 1945); Sister M. Rosaria Schilling († February 23, 1945); Sister M. Adela Schramm († February 25, 1945); Sister M. Sabina Thienel († March 1, 1945); Sister M. Adelheidis Töpfer († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Melusja Rybka († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Sapientia Heymann († 24 March 1945); Sister M. Felicitas Ellmerer († 25 March 1945); Sister M. Acutina Goldberg († 2 May 1945) and Sister M. Paschalis Jahn(† 11 May 1945). Their beatification took place on June 11, 2022 at the Wroclaw Archcathedral. All of them were murdered by Red Army soldiers in the final months of World War II. Who, then,is a Christian martyr? What is his strength? The strength of the martyr is Christ. However, it is not enough to believe in the strength Christ gives to be victorious in the fight against evil. It doesn’t help to be passive, but something more is needed. It takes the light of conscience. A martyr becomes a witness to truth, goodness, justice only because he was first a man of conscience. His life was beautiful because it was a life according to a beautiful conscience.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2022, 23; 227-239
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Życie literackie w powojennym Sopocie
The conditions of literary life in Sopot after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
życie literackie
Sopot
prasa
czasopisma
literatura
literary life
newspapers
magazines
literature
Opis:
W artykule omówiono czynniki warunkujące rozwój życia literackiego w Sopocie po II wojnie światowej. Przedstawiono w nim sylwetki pisarzy i poetów, którzy tworzyli powojenne środowisko literackie Wybrzeża. Zaprezentowano imprezy literackie i kulturalne, instytucje obiegu literatury, zaplecze wydawnicze oraz gazety i czasopisma, będące forum dla tworzących tu literatów.
The article discusses the conditions of literary life in Sopot after the Second World War. It presents the profiles of writers and poets who create the post-war literary environment of the Coast. Literary and cultural events, circulation institutions, publishing facilities, newspapers and magazines, discussion forums for creating writers were presented.
Źródło:
Media Biznes Kultura; 2019, 1(6); 91-104
2451-1986
2544-2554
Pojawia się w:
Media Biznes Kultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organizacja Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów w okresie II wojny światowej
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists during the Second World War
Autorzy:
Ziętek, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Organizacja Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów
OUN
OUN-B
OUN-M
banderowcy
melnykowcy
Ukraińska Powstańcza Armia
ukraiński ruch nacjonalistyczny
II wojna światowa
Ukraina
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
Ukrainian nationalists supporting Bandera
Ukrainian nationalists supporting Melnyk
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
Ukrainian nationalist movement
World War II
Ukraine
Opis:
The outbreak of World War II found the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) divided into two fractions: the supporters of Stepan Bandera and those of Andrij Melnyk. The conflict was based on differences on the strategy of struggle for independence as well as on the generation conflict. Bandera, representing young national activists, was of the opinion that OUN's actions in the lands occupied by the Soviets should be intensified, and its politics should be independent of any outer factors. Melnyk, in turn, who managed the OUN's Prowid, (Leadership) was supported by Ukrainian emigration circles – by veterans of World War I and of struggle for independence of the years 1917-1921. He represented the conservative wing, opting for a closer collaboration with the Third Reich, in whose politics he saw the factor that could change the Versailles order. In the years 1940-1941 the final split happened in the OUN. Two organizations emerged, which started fighting each other: OUN-M [supporters of Melnyk] and OUN-B [supporters of Bandera]. Despite the differences concerning the strategy, both the fractions collaborated to a varying degree with the Germans, getting their support for their own initiatives on the self-government, cultural, economic and military planes. Both Bandera's and Melnyk's groups treated the German aggression on the USSR as a breakthrough in their attempts to regain independence. However, too much activity, as well as too much autonomy in them, especially on the side of Bandera's camp, that exceeded the limits set by the German leaders, led to a change in German policy towards the Ukrainian nationalists and to use of repressions against them. This, in turn, made the two fractions pass to the underground, which starting from 1942 assumed the form of resistance movement. The greatest achievement of the nationalist resistance movement was forming the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) that ultimately was controlled by OUN-B. UPA started to fight at the same time the German occupational troops, the Soviet guerillas and the Polish underground forces striving after independence. OUN-B and UPA are also responsible for mass murders they committed on Polish inhabitants of Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. Starting with 1943 the nationalist movement represented by OUN-B and OUN-M started slowly to depart from extreme nationalism and the fascist principle of leadership, accepting the rules of pluralism and democracy.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2004, 52, 2; 81-106
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypędzeni : powojenne losy Niemców
Orderly and humane : the expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Douglas, R. M. (1963- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Siwek, Grzegorz. Tłumaczenie
Wydawnictwo RM. pbl
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Wydawnictwo RM
Tematy:
Niemcy za granicą Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia 1945-1989 r.
Polityka narodowościowa
Wysiedlanie
Opis:
Bibliogr. s. [522]-545. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Lwowska szkoła metrologii elektrycznej po drugiej wojnie światowej
Lviv electrical metrology school after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Dorozhovets, M.
Iwachiw, O.
Stadnyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Napędów i Maszyn Elektrycznych Komel
Tematy:
Lwów
Politechnika
metrologia elektryczna
historia
Lviv
Polytechnic
electrical metrology
history
Opis:
The article gives an outline of the history of electrical metrology in the Lviv Polytechnic after the Second World War. In detail there are described all leaders of Department during these years as well as the main research fields and scientific-technical achievements.
W artykule przedstawiono zarys historii metrologii elektrycznej w Politechnice Lwowskiej po Drugiej Wojnie Światowej. Szczegółowo przedstawiono wszystkich kierowników Katedry Metrologii Elektrycznej oraz omówiono podstawowe kierunki badań i najważniejsze osiągnięcia naukowe Katedry uzyskane pod ich kierownictwem.
Źródło:
Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe; 2018, 4, 120; 169-176
0239-3646
2084-5618
Pojawia się w:
Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Behind the scenes of Norway’s role in the Second World War. The Norwegian-British tonnage agreement from 11th November 1939
Autorzy:
Siemianowski, Jordan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Norwegian merchant fleet
Norway during the Second World War
Norway’s neutral policy during the Second World War
Norwegian-British tonnage agreement from 11th November 1939
Opis:
On the outbreak of the Second World War, Norway’s merchant marine was the fourth largest in the world with its gross register tonnage of 4,8 million. It played substantial role in the state economy as it generated more than one third of the national income in the balance of payments. Yet, the conflict put the Norwegian sea transport in a difficult situation as it dependent on the two warring nations, i.e. Great Britainand Hitler’s Third Reich. To make matters worse, any case of tipping the balance by the Norwegian fleet in a favour of any of the two belligerents might lead to the suspicion that Norwayhad departed from the policy of neutrality. Aware of its perplexing situation, the Norwegian government issued the Provisional decree on the regulation of the conditions of charter during the war, which effectively strengthened its control of the national merchant marine, thus laying sound foundation for a tonnage agreement withGreat Britain which was eventually signed on November 1939. On the strength of this agreement,Norway placed 150 tankers at the disposal of the allies and paved the way for further agreements of this kind. 
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2010, 11; 45-58
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakter narodowy Polaków czasu II wojny światowej
The National Character of Poles During The second world war
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1857532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
naród
charakter narodowy
stereotyp
mit
symbole narodowe
cechy i wartości narodowe
nation
national character
stereotypes
myth
national symbols
national traits and values
Opis:
The national character is not so much a permanent structure, as rather a task, dynamism, or process. One should bear in mind that it is grounded on the ethical-moral foundation and other anthropological values, also religious. The proper national character must carry out positive moral and existential values, therefore that character is not only something automatic, as it were passible, but is also shaped by people and centres better prepared, aware of that, more sensitive, that is there must a process of shaping positive traits of national character. Here a great role was played by underground journalism. It was also extremely effective, owing to the dramatic situation of the society.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2002, 30, 1; 93-110
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elity polskie w Londynie po II wojnie światowej
Polish Elites in London after the Second World War
Autorzy:
Gołębiowski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1957157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska emigracja w Wielkiej Brytanii
polskie dziedzictwo Wielkiej Brytanii
Polish emigration in Great Britain
Polish heritage of Great Britain
Opis:
Artykuł omawia proces powstawania silnej i dobrze zorganizowanej polskiej diaspory w Wielkiej Brytanii. Masowy napływ Polaków na Wyspy Brytyjskie miał miejsce podczas drugiej wojny światowej i związany był z działalnością Rządu RP na uchodźstwie oraz z Polskimi Siłami Zbrojnymi na Zachodzie. Sowietyzacja Polski i zmiana granic Rzeczypospolitej spowodowała, iż około 500 tysięcy Polaków pozostało po wojnie na Zachodzie. Największym skupiskiem emigrantów polskich było Zjednoczone Królestwo. Polityczny i inteligencki charakter tej emigracji oraz jej lokalizacja w Londynie i kilku głównych miastach Wielkiej Brytanii spowodowały, że stała się ona katalizatorem eksplozji licznych polskich organizacji, stowarzyszeń, instytucji nauki i kultury, parafii, szkolnictwa oraz prasy. Autor artykułu szczegółowo prezentuje przykłady aktywności intelektualnej polskiego wychodźstwa w Wielkiej Brytanii.
The article discusses the process of developing a strong and well-organized Polish diaspora in the United Kingdom. The mass influx of Poles to the British Isles took place during the Second World War and was connected with the activities of the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile and with the Polish Armed Forces in the West. The Sovietization of Poland and the change of its borders caused that about 500,000 Poles remained in the West after the war. The largest concentration of Polish expatriates was the United Kingdom. The political and intellectual nature of this emigration and its location in London and some major British cities have caused it to become a catalyst for the explosion of numerous Polish organizations, associations, educational and cultural institutions, parishes, schools and the press. The article's author offers a detailed analysis of the examples of the intellectual activity of Polish emigrants in Great Britain.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2015, 36; 89-102
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Two Abysses: Ukraine During the Second World War
МІЖ ДВОМА ПРОВАЛЛЯМИ: УКРАЇНА В РОКИ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ
Autorzy:
Patrylyak, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History
Tematy:
World War II, the concept, historiography, myths, imperialism, Ukrainian liberation movement, Nazism, Bolshevism
Друга світова війна, концепція, історіографія, міфи, імперіалізм, український визвольний рух, нацизм, більшовизм
Opis:
У статті викладено концептуальний підхід до розуміння історії України періоду Другої світової війни. Автор аналізує основні риси української пострадянської історіографії Другої світової війни, вказує на її позитивні та негативні риси, а також пропонує власну схему історії Другої світової війни в Україні. Вона розглядається автором як частина глобального історичного процесу, в ході якого відбувалася боротьба різних конкурентних імперіалістичних проектів метою котрих було включення до своєї орбіти українських етнічних територій. Дослідник також пропонує цілком інакше розглядати український визвольний рух періоду світової війни, репрезентуючи його не як частину антигітлерівського опору, а як окрему альтернативу розвитку для українського народу на тлі конкуруючих імперіалістичних проектів нацистської «нової Європи» та більшовицької «світової революції». Автор статті характеризує Другу світову війну, як «незавершену війну», яка не принесла Україні свободи, незалежності чи звільнення від тиранії, а призвела лише до заміни одного злочинного режиму іншим. Визначаючи статус України в Другій світовій війні, дослідник наголошує на тому, що Україна та український народ не можуть позиціонуватися ні як «переможці», ні як «переможені», а лише як жертви війни.
This article presents a conceptual approach to understanding the history of Ukraine during the Second World War. The author analyzes the main features of the post-Soviet Ukrainian historiography of the Second World War, indicates its positive and negative features, and offers his own scheme of the history of the Second World War in Ukraine. The researcher places the work within a global historical process in which the struggle of various competing imperialist empires whose aims included the inclusion of Ukrainian ethnic territories within their own orbits. The author also offers quite a different view of the Ukrainian liberation movement during the Second World War, representing it not as part of an anti-Nazi resistance, but as a separate alternative development of the Ukrainian people against the backdrop of competing imperialist projects: the Nazi “New Europe” and the Bolshevik “world revolution”. The author describes the Second World War as an “unfinished war” that did not bring Ukraine freedom, independence and liberation from tyranny, but rather led to the replacement of one criminal regime with another. Determining the status of Ukraine during the Second World War, the author stresses that Ukraine and the Ukrainian people can’t be positioned as either “winners” or “losers”, but only as victims of the war.
Źródło:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2016, 1; 169-182
2707-6776
Pojawia się w:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Sióstr Świętej Katarzyny Dziewicy i Męczennicy w Pieniężnie
The activity of the Sisters of St. Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, in Pieniężno (Mehlsack)
Autorzy:
Krebs, Magdalena Łucja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2165495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
Pieniężno
Sisters of St. Catherine
activity
The Second World War
Opis:
The article presents the activity of the Sisters of St Catherine, Virgin and Marty in Pieniężno (Mehlsack) in the years 1856–1876 and 1889–1945. In 1856 three sisters of St Catherine in Braniewo took up educational activity at the Catholic elementary school for girls in Pieniężno (Mehlsack). On 9 September, 1856 a contract of employment was signed between the Town Council of Pieniężno and the Order of St Catherine in Braniewo represented by Mother Apolonia Stuhrmann, Superior General. The Presbyter Marquard of Frombork participated in the event. In 1870 the sisters were additionally entrusted with teaching younger classes at a school attended by boys and girls. The number of sisters increased to five then. On 13 May, 1876, at the time of the Kulturkamph, the sisters were removed from the Pieniężno schools. Secular staff were appointed to fill their positions. Then the sisters returned to their convent in Braniewo. After 13 years, on 7 January, 1889 the sisters of St Catherine returned to Pieniężno to take up the job of nursing at St George’s Hospital. Soon the number of halls and the space for patients proved to be insufficient. A plot adjacent to the hospital was purchased and within the years 1912–1913 a larger, modern 50-bed hospital was built with collected money. It was fitted with the most modern equipment. There was also a chapel. In 1929 a twenty-bed paedriatric department for sick children and infants was opened in the hospital. The hospital was the property of the Catholic parish. It was subordinate to the department of education under the management of consecutive deans. Medical service was fulfilled by one of the physicians who practised in the town; nursing was done by the sisters of the Order of St Catherine. In 1930 six sisters worked there. During World War II (1939) a part of the hospital functioned as field hospital. Because of enormous amount of work the number of sisters increased to ten. On 11 February 1945 when the war front reached Orneta and military operations were nearing Pieniężno the last wounded patients were sent to field hospitals in the north of the country. The sisters had to leave the hospital too. On the night of 12/13 February they left Pieniężno.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2013, 14; 37-46
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Union War histories and the battle for the history of the Second World War in South Africa
Autorzy:
Van der Waag, Ian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833756.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Wiedzy Obronnej
Tematy:
historiography
war literature
official history
soldier
narrative
memory
historiografia
literatura wojenna
historia
żołnierz
narracja
pamięć
Opis:
Military History has three primary audiences: the general public, academe, and the armed forces – each has its own beliefs regarding the purpose and utility of the military past. Recognising the value of a war history for South Africa, Jan Smuts created the Union War Histories section in 1941. Yet the men appointed to write this history realised that they would never be able to satisfy all three competing readerships. This paper examines the research production of the Union War Histories section as well as the official and public response to their work, which is placed within a wider historiographical process. The notion of a historiographical progression – of an intersecting chain of counter narratives – is posited: accounts by journalists, official historians, personal narrators and regimental historians, leading to a post-participant historiography. This is a progression that seems to hold true for South Africa’s other wars, and indeed the wars of other countries.
Źródło:
Wiedza Obronna; 2021, 1; 9--33
0209-0031
2658-0829
Pojawia się w:
Wiedza Obronna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-100 z 434

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