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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Intellectual property protection strategies in high-developed countries
    Autorzy:
    Bochańczyk-Kupka, Dominika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878641.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    intellectual property rights protection
    TRIPS Agreement
    high-developed countries
    developed countries
    ochrona praw własności intelektualnej
    porozumienie TRIPS
    kraje wysoko rozwinięte
    kraje rozwinięte
    Opis:
    Purpose: There has always been an international dimension to debates on intellectual property rights protection. High-developed countries implemented own protection standards which became common but not globally respected. Nowadays they experience problems connected with their violation. Design/methodology/approach: The subject matter and main aims of the paper require detailed literature studies and deep analysis and comparison of opinions presented by scholars representing both sides of the TRIPS negotiation process. It is necessary to present the opinions of well-known worldwide organizations and researchers from developed and developing countries. Findings: The paper presents the international legal consensus related to the protection of intellectual property rights and signals the main problems which haven’t been solved. It also presents the main tools used by developed countries to promote their global strategy of intellectual property rights protection. Originality/value: The paper shows and explains the main problems faced by high-developed countries and discusses the different opinions.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2020, 144; 25-32
    1641-3466
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EXTENSÃO RURAL EM PERSPECTIVA SOCIOLÓGICA
    Rural Extension in Sociological Perspective
    Autorzy:
    DA SILVA-MAZON, Márcia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486510.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    acordo MEC-USAID
    acordo TRIPS
    extensão rural
    sociologia econômica
    MEC-USAID agreement
    TRIPS agreement
    rural extension
    economic sociology
    Opis:
    Focamos as instituições de ensino e extensão rural no Brasil como atores da construção da identidade social do agricultor introduzindo-o no espaço dos mercados como um empreendedor. A partir da perspectiva do caráter performativo da economia, confrontamos esta construção com a atuação dos EUA através do acordo MEC-USAID e o ponto de passagem de um modelo de relação Estado/mercado na lógica da hierarquia do keynesianismo para a lógica do mercado inaugurada pelo Consenso de Washington. O pós-guerra vislumbrou um acordo cognitivo em torno de um agricultor pensado como um empreendedor e a missão da agricultura era a de salvar os famintos. No início do século XXI predomina a lógica da financeirização que atinge o rural através da linguagem das commodities agrícolas. Destaca-se na paisagem rural um pequeno agricultor e é ele mesmo o faminto; a extensão rural assume um caráter assistencial
    We focus on the educational and rural extension institutions in Brazil as agents of the farmer’s social identity, inserting him as an entrepreneur in the market field. From the point of view of the performative character of economics, we confront this model with the USA acting through the MEC-USAID agreement and the turning point of a model of State-market relations according to the keynesian hierarchical logic to the market logic inaugurated by the Washington Concensus. During the post war period, the USA/USSR polarization permitted a cognitive agreement about a farmer as an entrepreneur and the agriculture mission was to save the hungry. At the beginning of the 21st century, the financialization logic that reaches the rural through the language of the agricultural commodities prevails. The small farmer is himself the hungry one and the rural extension assumes na assistental character
    Źródło:
    Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2016, 19; 9-32
    1641-4713
    Pojawia się w:
    Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is There any Improvement in Total Factor Productivity Growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry after TRIPS Agreement? : Evidence from Biennial Malmquist Index
    Autorzy:
    Dipyaman, PAL,
    Chandrima, CHAKRABORTY,
    Arpita, GHOSE,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/694395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
    Opis:
    Aim: Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has undergone a massive makeover–from a modest beginning of “process patents regime” in the seventies to a modern and WTO compatible regime under the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System (TRIPS) in 2005. This paper estimates Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) using firm level data from 2000 to 2013. Design / Research methods: We have used nonparametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using Biennial Malmquist Index. Conclusions / findings: The results of estimation suggest an increase in overall TFPG of IPI after TRIPS agreement and also those vertically integrated firms involved in both bulk drugs production and formulation activities are less productive compared to firms that are involved in production of only bulk drug or formulation activity. Originality / value of the article: This paper examines whether productivity of IPI has increased after 2005 i.e. after the period of TRIPS, by estimating TFPG for two sub-periods, i.e., from 2000 to 2005 and 2006 to 2013. Implications of the research: The decomposition of TFPG suggests that for overall period 2000-2013, scale changes are the most important factor causing the productivity changes and among the other two alternative sources of TFPG, efficiency change dominates over technical changes. For the sub-period 2006-2013, the improvement in the scale efficiency may push the firms to a higher TFPG, whereas for 2000-2005 the better utilization of factors of production is the main driver of TFPG. A second stage panel regression suggests that R&D expenditure, Marketing expenditure, Market size, Capital-Labour ratio, import intensity and export intensity have positive and significant influence on TFPG.
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 55-80
    2543-9472
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Patent Protection in the TRIPS Agreement and the Right to Health: Can They Be Reconciled?
    Autorzy:
    Krukowska-Siembida, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    World Trade Organization
    right to health
    intellectual property protection
    TRIPS Agreement
    patent protection
    Światowa Organizacja Handlu
    prawo do zdrowia
    ochrona własności intelektualnej
    porozumienie TRIPS
    ochrona patentowa
    Opis:
    The monopoly enjoyed by pharmaceutical manufacturers, resulting from the protection of intellectual property, directly affects the price of medicinal products and thus their availability, especially in developing and least-developed countries. The aim of the article was to examine the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights adopted under the World Trade Organization, an attempt to answer the question of whether it is possible to reconcile the protection of intellectual property with the human right to health.
    Monopol przysługujący producentom leków, wynikający z ochrony własności intelektualnej, wpływa bezpośrednio na cenę produktów leczniczych, a co za tym idzie na ich dostępność, szczególnie w krajach rozwijających się i najmniej rozwiniętych. Celem artykułu była analiza postanowień porozumienia w sprawie handlowych aspektów praw własności intelektualnej, przyjętego w ramach Światowej Organizacji Handlu, a także próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy możliwe jest pogodzenie ochrony własności intelektualnej z prawem człowieka do zdrowia.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2019, 28, 4
    1731-6375
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is There any Improvement in Total Factor Productivity Growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry after TRIPS Agreement? : Evidence from Biennial Malmquist Index
    Autorzy:
    Pal, Dipyaman
    Chakraborty, Chandrima
    Ghose, Arpita
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14459584.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-27
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)
    TRIPS
    Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
    Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
    Biennial Malmquist Index
    Opis:
    Aim: Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has undergone a massive makeover–from a modest beginning of “process patents regime” in the seventies to a modern and WTO compatible regime under the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System (TRIPS) in 2005. This paper estimates Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) using firm level data from 2000 to 2013.   Design / Research methods: We have used nonparametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using Biennial Malmquist Index.   Conclusions / findings: The results of estimation suggest an increase in overall TFPG of IPI after TRIPS agreement and also those vertically integrated firms involved in both bulk drugs production and formulation activities are less productive compared to firms that are involved in production of only bulk drug or formulation activity.   Originality / value of the article: This paper examines whether productivity of IPI has increased after 2005 i.e. after the period of TRIPS, by estimating TFPG for two sub-periods, i.e., from 2000 to 2005 and 2006 to 2013.   Implications of the research: The decomposition of TFPG suggests that for overall period 2000-2013, scale changes are the most important factor causing the productivity changes and among the other two alternative sources of TFPG, efficiency change dominates over technical changes. For the sub-period 2006-2013, the improvement in the scale efficiency may push the firms to a higher TFPG, whereas for 2000-2005 the better utilization of factors of production is the main driver of TFPG. A second stage panel regression suggests that R&D expenditure, Marketing expenditure, Market size, Capital-Labour ratio, import intensity and export intensity have positive and significant influence on TFPG.
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 55-80
    2543-9472
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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