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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Polityka wobec Kościoła katolickiego w ChRL (1949-1978)
    Policy Towards the Catholic Church in the Peoples Republic of China (1949-1978)
    Autorzy:
    Szczudlik-Tatar, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566788.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
    Tematy:
    China
    Catholic church
    Religious policy
    Opis:
    Religious policy during the Maoist period could be divided into the long-term policy, the aim of which is the decline of religion, and the short-term policy which is valid till the disappearance of religion. According to the Marxist theory, religion stems from the class struggle and is a tool for using masses, weakening their revolutionary enthusiasm, and a product of class society and social inequality. The oppressed people saw in religion the only hope for better life after death. The Chinese communists were of the opinion that after reaching the ideal of classless society, without exploiters and the oppressed, religion should naturally disappear because there will not be any demand for its compensation function. Till the moment of reaching this ideal, the short-term policy the aim of which is taking control over religion and using it for building the new China, shall still be effective. The pursuit of localizing religion, grounding the religious issues on socalled three autonomies, linking religion with patriotism and anti-imperialism as well as establishing state institutions controlling the religious practices, define the short-term religious policy of the Maoist period. This period is characterized both by the liberal and repressive approach (repressive especially during the Cultural Revolution) towards religion. It was the Deng Xiaoping's rule when the liberalization of the immediate religious policy together with maintaining its theoretical basis and long-term goals was initiated.
    Źródło:
    Forum Politologiczne; 2010, 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności; 275-294
    1734-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Świadkowie historii
    Autorzy:
    Szczudlik, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027466.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Źródło:
    Azja-Pacyfik; 2005, VIII; 219-224
    1643-692X
    Pojawia się w:
    Azja-Pacyfik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Role of Regions in EU-China Relations
    Autorzy:
    Kamiński, Tomasz
    Skorupska, Adriana
    Szczudlik, Justyna
    Ciesielska-Klikowska, Joanna
    Gzik, Michał
    Cornago, Noe
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/50088374.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    More and more regions are cooperating with their Chinese counterparts in many different areas: economy, environment, culture, academic exchange. Although the subnational dimension has started to be a visibly important element of EU-China relations, this trend is not reflected in the academic literature on EU-China relations. Until now, we have not known what the network of contacts with China at the regional level looks like and what the determinants and institutional forms of inter-regional partnerships there are. The present book maps Sino-European relations at the regional level and presents a detailed analysis of subnational contacts in the six analysed EU member states, illustrated by case studies of interesting regions from each country. It shows the rising role of non-state actors in international relations, the growing importance of paradiplomacy, as well as the necessity to look at the EU-China relations as a multi-layer phenomenon, engaging different types of actors on different levels.
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Z historii kontaktów polsko-chińskich (do 1945 roku)
    From the history of Polish-Chinese relations (until 1945)
    Autorzy:
    Rowiński, Jan
    Szczudlik, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027445.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    The aim of this article is to outline Chinese – Polish relations from their beginnings to the end of World War II. The sketch is perfunctory because official diplomatic relations between Poland and China were only established in the late 1920s. Geographical distance and Chinese international policy based on tributary diplomacy and Chinese autarky were primary reasons for rare mutual contact. Until the 20th century, Chinese – Polish relations was the one-way phenomenon. There are many trails of Polish travelers in China but there is little proof of Chinese in the Polish Kingdom. It is possible to divide Polish travelers in China and Chinese – Polish relations into the following periods: 13th–17th century – Polish missionaries in China. The most important representative of this period is Michal Boym – a Jesuit missionary, scientist and diplomat. Edward Kajdanski – Boym`s biographer – emphasizes his scientific achievements and names him the first Polish Sinologist. 17th – 19th century – Polish travelers to China, Polish refugees from Russian slavery, scientists and diplomats. The turn of 19th century – Polish colony in Manchuria. The history of Harbin (at present the capital of Helongjiang province), its foundation and development are closely connected with Polish engineers – builders of the Russian East – Chinese Railway. It is estimated that within 50 years of the railway workers` arrival, 10–20 thousand Poles were living in Manchuria. After Poland regained independence in 1918, as a result of repatriation actions, the Polish population in Manchuria gradually decreased. The last representative of the Polish colony left Harbin in 1963. The other subject is diplomatic relations between Poland and Republic of China 1918–1945. Official relations were established in 1933. The complicated international situation during World War II, mainly Polish – Japanese contact, had an adverse impact on Polish–Chinese relations. 5th July 1945 Chinese authority withdrew his recognition for Polish government in exile and established diplomatic relations with Polish government in Warsaw.
    Źródło:
    Azja-Pacyfik; 2005, VIII; 9-42
    1643-692X
    Pojawia się w:
    Azja-Pacyfik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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