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Wyszukujesz frazę "Polish Academy of Science" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Ananiasz Zajączkowski – orientalistyka przede wszystkim
Ananiasz Zajączkowski – above all Orientalistics
Autorzy:
Zajączkowska-Łopatto, Maria Emilia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Związek Karaimów Polskich. Karaimska Oficyna Wydawnicza Bitik
Tematy:
Ananiasz Zajączkowski
Warsaw Univeristy
Institute of Oriental Studies
Department of Turcology
Orientalistics
Turcology
Iranistics
Oriental Committee
Polish Academy of Science
Department of Oriental Studies of the Polish Academy od Science
Polish Oriental Society
East-West Major Project at UNESCO
Opis:
Profesor dr hab. Ananiasz Zajączkowski w listopadzie 1945 został mianowany dyrektorem Instytutu Orientalistycznego UW na 5 lat. Powtórnie został dyrektorem w latach 1957-1961. Jego podstawowym zadaniem było stworzenie warunków do rozpoczęcia normalnego trybu nauczania. Od 1948 rozpoczyna pięcioletni cykl studiów w ramach którego wykształcił kilka pokoleń filologów orientalnych prowadzących badania dotyczące Wschodu Muzułmańskiego. W latach 1946-1950 kierował Instytutem Orientalistycznym na Uniwersytecie we Wrocławiu. W 1952 został członkiem nowopowstałej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, zorganizował Komitet Orientalistyczny PAN, którym kierował do 1965. W 1953 powstał Zakład Orientalistyki PAN, którego był kierownikiem 1969, do zamknięcia. Całe swoje życie poświęcił orientalistyce. Poza dydaktyką zajmował się pracami wydawniczymi, edytorskimi i oczywiście działalnością organizacyjną. Był prezesem Polskiego Towarzystwa Orientalistycznego w latach 1949 – 1958. Był redaktorem Przeglądu Orientalistycznego 1948 - 1952, wydał 16 tomów Rocznika Orientalistycznego 1950-1970. Współpracował z redakcjami Języka Polskiego i Poradnika Językowego. Był zapraszany na wykłady do Instytutu Wschodoznawstwa w Moskwie, na uniwersytet w Jerozolimie, na Uniwersytet w Stambule i Ankarze, Baku, do Instituto Universitario w Neapolu itd. Był przewodniczącym prezydium Polskiej Grupy Roboczej d/s realizacji projektu UNESCO „Wschód –Zachód”. Uczestniczył aktywnie w pracach naukowych i organizacyjnych wielu dziesiątków zjazdów, kongresów i konferencji międzynarodowych. Był członkiem Societe Finno-Ougrienne, Türk Dil Kurumu, Societas Uralo-Altaica, PAU, TNW, Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Jest autorem 341 prac. Z okazji 60-lecia urodzin poświęcono mu XXXVI Ural-Altaische Jahrbucher Napisano o nim i jego pracach z zakresu osmanistyki, zabytków kipczackich i Złotej Ordy, zabytków piśmiennictwa tureckiego z Egiptu Mameluckiego kilka dziesiątków artykułów.
In November 1945 Professor Ananiasz Zajączkowski was appointed director of the Oriental Institute of Warsaw University for 5 years. Later, he became its director once more in the years 1957–1961. His primary task was to prepare the groundwork for launching the normal curriculum. In 1948 he started a five-year cycle of study in which he educated several generations of oriental philologists, who conducted research on the Muslim East. In the years 1946–1950 he was head of the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Wroclaw. In 1952 he became a member of the newly formed Polish Academy of Science, where he organized the Committee of Oriental Studies, which he headed till 1965. In 1953, the Department of Oriental Studies of Polish Academy of Science was created and Professor Zajączkowski directed it from its very beginnings until its closure in 1969. He devoted his entire life to oriental studies. In addition to teaching, the Professor also focused on research and publishing, as well as editorial and organizational work. He was president of the Polish Society of Oriental Studies from 1949 to 1958. He was the editor of the “Oriental Review” between 1948 and 1952, and issued sixteen volumes of the Rocznik Orientalistyczny from 1950 to 1970. In addition, he collaborated in the editing of Język Polski and Poradnik Językowy. He was invited to give lectures at the Institute of Eastern Studies in Moscow, at the University of Jerusalem, the Instituto Universitario in Naples, etc. He was the president of the Board of the Polish Team working on the UNESCO “East-West” project. He played an active academic and organizational role in several dozen conferences, congresses and convention. He was a member of the Société Finno-Ougrienne, Türk Dil Kurumu, Societas Uralo-Altaica, PAU, TNW, Wroclaw Scientific Society. Professor Ananiasz Zajączkowski is the author of 341 publications. To mark the 60th anniversary of his birth the 36th volume of Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher was named in his honour. Dozens of articles have been written about him and his work on Ottoman studies, the Kipchak monuments, the Golden Horde and the historical Turkish literature of Mameluke Egypt.
Profesor dr hab. Ananiasz Zajączkowski w listopadzie 1945 został mianowany dyrektorem Instytutu Orientalistycznego UW na 5 lat. Powtórnie został dyrektorem w latach 1957-1961. Jego podstawowym zadaniem było stworzenie warunków do rozpoczęcia normalnego trybu nauczania. Od 1948 rozpoczyna pięcioletni cykl studiów w ramach którego wykształcił kilka pokoleń filologów orientalnych prowadzących badania dotyczące Wschodu Muzułmańskiego. W latach 1946-1950 kierował Instytutem Orientalistycznym na Uniwersytecie we Wrocławiu. W 1952 został członkiem nowopowstałej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, zorganizował Komitet Orientalistyczny PAN, którym kierował do 1965. W 1953 powstał Zakład Orientalistyki PAN, którego był kierownikiem 1969, do zamknięcia. Całe swoje życie poświęcił orientalistyce. Poza dydaktyką zajmował się pracami wydawniczymi, edytorskimi i oczywiście działalnością organizacyjną. Był prezesem Polskiego Towarzystwa Orientalistycznego w latach 1949 – 1958. Był redaktorem Przeglądu Orientalistycznego 1948 - 1952, wydał 16 tomów Rocznika Orientalistycznego 1950-1970. Współpracował z redakcjami Języka Polskiego i Poradnika Językowego. Był zapraszany na wykłady do Instytutu Wschodoznawstwa w Moskwie, na uniwersytet w Jerozolimie, na Uniwersytet w Stambule i Ankarze, Baku, do Instituto Universitario w Neapolu itd. Był przewodniczącym prezydium Polskiej Grupy Roboczej d/s realizacji projektu UNESCO „Wschód –Zachód”. Uczestniczył aktywnie w pracach naukowych i organizacyjnych wielu dziesiątków zjazdów, kongresów i konferencji międzynarodowych. Był członkiem Societe Finno-Ougrienne, Türk Dil Kurumu, Societas Uralo-Altaica, PAU, TNW, Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Jest autorem 341 prac. Z okazji 60-lecia urodzin poświęcono mu XXXVI Ural-Altaische Jahrbucher Napisano o nim i jego pracach z zakresu osmanistyki, zabytków kipczackich i Złotej Ordy, zabytków piśmiennictwa tureckiego z Egiptu Mameluckiego kilka dziesiątków artykułów.
Źródło:
Almanach Karaimski; 2014, 3; 133-148
2300-8164
Pojawia się w:
Almanach Karaimski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Państwowe Muzeum Zoologiczne wobec powstania Polskiej Akademii Nauk: droga do powołania Instytutu Zoologicznego PAN
The State Zoological Museum and the establishment of the Polish Academy of Sciences: the beginnings of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Autorzy:
Zabłocki, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
State Zoological Museum
Zoological Cabinet
Polish Academy of Sciences
Institute of Zoology
National Natural History Museum
Congress of Polish Science
Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences
Warsaw Scientific Society
new biology
Państwowe Muzeum Zoologiczne
Gabinet Zoologiczny
Polska Akademia Nauk
Instytut Zoologiczny
Narodowe Muzeum Przyrodnicze
Kongres Nauki Polskiej
Polska Akademia Umiejętności
Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie
nowa biologia
Opis:
The State Zoological Museum, established in 1928, inherited and developed the legacy of the Zoological Cabinet of the University of Warsaw (existing since 1818). The Cabinet’s collection had been gathered for decades and belonged to eminent personages not only in Poland but also in Europe. The Museum and its collections were threatened many times: first by a great fire in 1935, then by the German attack on Warsaw in 1939 and subsequent occupation, as well as by the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising and the destruction of the city. After the post-war reconstruction of the Museum, it was time to function in a new political reality, in which the most significant change for this institution was the establishment of the Polish Academy of Sciences. A planned inclusion of the State Zoological Museum in the structures of the newly-founded Polish Academy of Sciences meant that the scientists had to face a dilemma: in exchange for research funds and career development opportunities, they were expected to show favour to the communists and readiness to implement the idea of socialism. In the background of this process, numerous scientific conferences took place, where controversial visions of the future of biological sciences clashed. This process resulted in the transformation of the State Zoological Museum into the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki; 2020, 65, 4; 81--98
0023-589X
2657-4020
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Maritime Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem of Admiralty Bay, Stanisław Rakusa-Suszczewski (ed.), Publ. Office of Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Science; 216 pp., 35 tabs., 39 figs., 10 photos
Autorzy:
Winnicki, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052643.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Źródło:
Polish Polar Research; 1995, 16, 3-4; 293-294
0138-0338
2081-8262
Pojawia się w:
Polish Polar Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Position statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee Human Nutrition Science on the principles for the nutrition of children aged 1–3 years
Autorzy:
Weker, H.
Friedrich, M.
Zabłocka-Słowińska, K.
Sadowska, J.
Hamułka, J.
Długosz, A.
Charzewska, J.
Walkowiak, J.
Socha, P.
Wądołowska, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28765551.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Opis:
The Position Statement on the principles of nutrition for children aged 1-3 years emphasizes that proper nutrition of children at this age determines their optimal psychometric development and has beneficial effects on the process nutritional programming, which reduces the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood. Continued breastfeeding in the post-infancy period, together with the proper introduction of complementary foods, supplies all the nutritional needs of the child. A varied selection of food products is important to balance out the diet of a child in the context of energy and nutrient needs. Attention should be paid to products not recommended for frequent consumption, due to the possibility of the early development of improper eating habits that can lead to undesirable health consequences. Due to the potential risk of deficiency, adequate intake of iron, iodine, calcium and vitamin D, as well as of n-3 PUFAs (which is often insufficient) should be provided. Adequate dietary energy and protein intake protects children against protein–energy undernutrition and is crucial for their proper growth and development. An important element in the assessment of the development of children involves monitoring their nutritional status and physical development by systematically measuring their body weight and length/height and analyzing their weight gain. It is necessary to diagnose the causes of being underweight/ overweight in children. Physical activity (such as outdoor walks, plays, and games) and healthy sleep hygiene are recommended. Physical activity, an adequate number of hours of sleep, and the quality of sleep in early childhood may improve immunity, reduce the risk of excessive weight gain, and consequently reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Other issues discussed include the functioning of the digestive system as one of the determinants of the nutrition of young children, basics of proper nutrition, risk of nutrient deficiencies and development of proper eating habits in early childhood.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2022, 73, 4; 387-402
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stanowisko komitetu nauki o żywieniu człowieka Polskiej Akademii Nauk w sprawie stosowania przez osoby dorosłe suplementów diety zawierających witaminy i składniki mineralne
Statement of the committee of human nutrition science of the Polish Academy of Sciences on the use of dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals by adults
Autorzy:
Wawrzyniak, A.
Przybylowicz, K.
Wadolowska, L.
Charzewska, J.
Gorecka, D.
Lange, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
dieta
skladniki mineralne
witaminy
suplementy diety
niedobory pokarmowe
zywienie
zywnosc
osoby dorosle
diet
mineral
vitamin
supplement
nutrition
food
adult
Opis:
Stosowanie suplementów diety (suplementacja) to indywidualne uzupełnianie diety w składniki naturalnie występujące w żywności. Z założenia suplementy diety powinny być przyjmowane okresowo. W praktyce żywieniowej istnieje wiele wskazań do suplementacji, ale decyzja o przyjmowaniu suplementów diety powinna być podejmowana przez konsumentów z rozsądkiem i tylko w uzasadnionych sytuacjach, gdy istnieje ryzyko, że zwyczajowa dieta nie dostarcza witamin i składników mineralnych w ilości odpowiedniej do pokrycia zapotrzebowania organizmu. Należy jednak pamiętać o realnym niebezpieczeństwie wynikającym z przyjmowania zbyt dużych dawek witamin i składników mineralnych. U wielu osób stosujących suplementy diety, zwłaszcza kilka rodzajów jednocześnie, mogą wystąpić niepożądane skutki uboczne i pogorszenie stanu zdrowia, a u osób przyjmujących leki – może dodatkowo dojść do poważnego zakłócenia lub osłabienia działania leku, a nawet braku efektu leczniczego. W dokumencie przedstawiono 10 kroków i zasad korzystania z dostępnych na rynku suplementów diety, które skierowano do populacji generalnej.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2021, 72, 3; 321-326
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dietary recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Statement of the Committee of Human Nutrition Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Autorzy:
Wadołowska, L.
Drywien, M.
Hamulka, J.
Socha, P.
Borawska, M.
Friedrich, M.
Lange, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
antiviral properties
breastfeeding
COVID-19
diet
food
immunity
nutrition
pandemic
SARS-CoV-2
Opis:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, care for an adequate diet, well adapted to the body's needs and the current level of physical activity, becomes of particular importance. Many dietary compounds participate in the functioning of the immune system, while vitamins D, C, A (including beta-carotene), E, B6, B12, folic acid, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, amino acids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and intestinal microbiota are crucial in various types of defence processes. There has been no evidence that consumed food and its compounds, including those with pro-/prebiotic properties, play a significant role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or alleviating its course. However, in terms of the nutritional value of food and the prevention of dysbiosis, recommending a varied diet with a high proportion of plant-based foods and an adequate amount of animal-based foods has a sound scientific basis. Malnutrition, underweight and obesity are considered independent and prognostic risk factors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, which reduce a patient's chances of survival. Therefore, ensuring good nutritional status, including healthy body weight, is a reasonable approach in the prevention of viral infection SARS-CoV-2 or alleviating its course. The document is accompanied by two catalogues of practical nutritional recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed to the general population and children.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2021, 72, 2; 209-220
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauki historycznoprawne w latach 60. XX w. – organizacja badań
The research in legal history in the 1960s: The organization of research and the major publications in this field
Autorzy:
Tyrchan, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
jurisprudence in Poland
stalinism
marksism
Polish Academy of Science
"Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne"
Opis:
The paper is concerned with the development of legal history research in Poland in the post-Stalinist period, up to the end of the 1960s. The legal historians actually engaged themselves in the academic research of the time and developed, to the extent to which that was possible, the contacts with the western University centres. What was published were the significant handbooks and monographs. The publications laid out the new important research lines. The paper reviews, in a synthetic way, the interests of the authors of the publications both in the areas of Polish constitutional and legal history as well as in the field of general history of state and law. The publications of the most important authors were presented.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2012, 5, 4; 355-373
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International conference Agrobiotechnology95. Center of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, September 17-20, 1995, Poznan, Poland
Autorzy:
Twardowski, T
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048201.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
plant biotechnology
environment protection
modern agriculture
food industry
environmental biotechnology
animal biotechnology
agrobiotechnology
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Genetics; 1995, 36, 4; 395-399
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Zespołu Historii Nauk Leśnych przy Zakładzie Historii Nauki i Techniki Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Activities of the Team on Forest Science History, Department of the History of Sciences and Engineering, Polish Academy of Science
Autorzy:
Szymanowska, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/816910.pdf
Data publikacji:
1970
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1970, 114, 02
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“I Have Slightly Pessimistic Picture Of Things...” Interview with Professor Jan Szumski, Senior Researcher of the Historical Research Office of the Institute of National Remembrance and Professor at the Institute of the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw
Autorzy:
Szumski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Soviet Union
politics of history
Great Patriotic War
Źródło:
Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 3; 43-75
2658-1566
Pojawia się w:
Institute of National Remembrance Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Młodociani recydywiści
Young adult recidivists
Autorzy:
Szelhaus, Stanisław
Baucz-Straszewicz, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699148.pdf
Data publikacji:
1960
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodociani recydywiści
przestępczość młodocianych recydywistów
badania
Zakład Kryminologii Państwowej Akademii Nauk
wykolejenie społeczne
młodzież
young adults recidivists
delinquency of young adults recidivists
Department of Criminology at the Institute of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Science
research
young adult
social maladjustment
young adult recidivists
delinquency of young adult recidivists
Opis:
Investigation has covered 100 recidivists between the ages of 18 and 21, serving their term in jail; its purpose was to bring to light the scope of social misfitting and delinquency of the individuals with whom delinquency and recidivism seem to be of recent origin. Investigation has covered the individuals domiciled in Warsaw, who have been punished for at least the second time after having reached the age when penal responsibility begins (i.e. their seventeenth year of age) and have gone to jail for at least the second time. The investigation, started at the end of 1956 and finished in the middle of 1958, was conducted in two Warsaw jails and three provincial ones. All young adult recidivists with a condemning sentence who were at that time in jail were investigated, without making any selection of the cases, apart from the criteria enumerated above. The investigation, however, has taken into consideration data from judicial records and prison records, as well as from the Convicts, Register. Talks with the mothers of the convicts have provided material concerning the family home, the diseases which the convicted person had gone through, his pre-school and school days, way of life, etc. Psychological and medical examination has also been carried out. Young adult recidivists have been examined on an average, from four to five times within a few hours. In the case of those of the investigated who have been released from prison before December 1st , 1958, follow-up studies were carried out, to comprise a period of from six months to one year. 1. In investigating 100 young adult recidivists past record it was established that as many as 79 of them had been previously tried by a juvenile court (even though the law-court which tried them after they had completed the seventeenth year of age knew about that in a mere 23 cases). Apart from that, another 12 had committed thefts during their minority without being prosecuted before the law-courts. Consequently a mere 9 of all the investigated began to commit criminal offences after they were 16. The beginnings of delinquency took place in 19 per cent of the cases before the tenth year of their rives, and in 68 per cent before the thirteenth; it is highly probable however, that in reality the beginnings of their delinquency were earlier than that. Investigation into the further destinies of 79 investigated persons who had been tried while still minors has established the fact that 85 per cent of their number found themselves in jail before the lapse of two years from the moment of being released from a house of correction, or from their last trial before a juvenile court. As far as the 43 investigated. persons are concerned who had previously been in institutions for delinquent boys (training schools), as many as 27 were arrested before the lapse of six months from their release from such an institution, 12 remained at large for periods ranging from six months to one year and only 4 from one year to two years. The total of the data concerning the number of trials before both juvenile and ordinary courts looked as follows: out of 100 recidivists 13 had been tried twice, 20 - 3 times, 29 – 4 times, 17 - 5 times, 11 - 6 times, 10 - 7 or more times. Consequently 67 per cent of the investigated had already been tried 4 or more times, and every fifth one of them - 6 or more times. As far as their first term in jail is concerned, 16 of the investigated found themselves in jail before having attained the age of criminal responsibility, as a rule owing to their having given false birthdata at the time of their arrest, 55 at the age of 17, 26 at the age of 18 and a mere 3 at 19 years of age. Nearly one half of the recidivists had spent more time in jail than at large (from the moment of having reached the age of criminal responsibility), while the longest spell at large between one arrest and the next amounted to: below six months with 49 per cent of the investigated, from six months to one year with 33 per cent, while it was more than one year with a mere 18 per cent. Taking into consideration the kind of offences committed, we may divide the material under investigation into the following groups: A. Young adult recidivists punished exclusively for offences against property (as a rule, thefts) - 39 cases. B. Young adult recidivists punished exclusively for offences against life and health (grievous injury to the body, and slight bodily harm, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability as well as for insulting a functionary of the police). There were only 10 offenders who committed such offences out of ,,hooligan" motives only, among all those investigated. C. Young adult recidivists punished for offences against property as well as for grievous injury to the body and slight bodily harm, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability and insult to police functionaries - 51 cases. A. As for the persons investigated who had been punished only for offences against property (nearly exclusively for theft), they began to commit offences at the age of from 9 to 12 years, i.e. earlier than the rest. The first thefts, as a rule, took place in the family home. The majority of the perpetrators had been punished several times for theft by a juvenile court; one half of these, recidivists are criminals whose principal source of income are thefts, and, all of them had spent more time in jail than at large. It should be emphasized that both recidivists belonging to this group and the remaining ones had, in an overwhelming majority of cases (91 per cent), lived in their parents', or else their mothers’, homes, and were able to have their meals at home (70 per cent). B. The beginnings of delinquency with the persons investigated who have been punished only for infringement of bodily inviolability, damage to the body, brawls and insults to police functionaries are considerably later and take place about the thirteenth to the sixteenth year of age. Similarly, the rate of penalties inflicted is smaller, and the spells of liberty much longer than with the thief group. Nearly all such acts (accosting and beating up a passer-by in the street, insult by word of mouth or beating up a policeman, etc.) were committed while under the influence of drink. Nearly All of the investigated who belong to this group systematically abuse alcohol, and their delinquency is closely connected with their drunkenness. C. The most numerous group of persons convicted, those punished both for theft and for damage to the body, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability and insult to a policemen, may be divided into two sub-groups: Sub-Group One, 30 strong, consists of individuals who commit more thefts then other offences. They do not fundamentally differ from the individuals who belong to the thief group, either as to the objects of theft and their value, or as to the method of committing their crime. Here, too, we have to do with individuals for whom thefts constitute their principal source of income. Sub-Group Two, 27 strong, is composed of the individuals who commit more offences of injury to the body, insulting policemen and similar offences commited out of so-called hooligan motives, than thefts. This group approaches the individuals discussed in point B. It is characteristic of them that 11 (out of a total of 15 recorded in our materials) of perpetrators of robbery are to be found in this group. In the material investigated by us robbery goes hand in hand almost exclusively with offences committed from hooligan motives. When we evaluate the general degree of social misfitting of 100 of the investigated we may state that as many as 82 per cent of them belong to the category of manifold recidivists, who, as a rule, work only, if at all, by fits and starts, and are in close connection with the criminal environment. Particularly bad in this respect was the case of 35 of the investigated. 2. In so far as the family environment of young adult recidivists is concerned, we meet with a large percentage (53 per cent) of half-orphans; out of that number in 39 cases it was the mother who took care of the person investigated, in 5 cases - the father, while in the remaining 9 cases there was a stepfather or stepmother. 79 of the fathers were workers (of which 34 unskilled ones), 16 – clerical workers, 5 had their own artisan workshops. The majority of the mothers also earned their living, as a rule, as unskilled workers. The extent of alcoholism in the families under investigation is very considerable: 38 of the fathers can be considered drunkards - for many years they have been systematically drinking, they get drunk several times a week, spend their wages on drink. In the remaining families 29 fathers drink, on the average, from twice to three times a week, while 32 drink only sporadically and do not get drunk. Taking into consideration the educational atmosphere of the home, as well as the state of care and control in the environment during the period of the minority of the persons investigated, it was established that in 58 families the whole set of educationally definitely harmful factors was present. 3. The data obtained during the investigation concerning the personality of young recidivists speak in favor of the view that the latter are characterized by features which prove their low psychical maturity, and, in particular, a domination of impulsive reactions, a considerable and uncontrollable thoughtlessness, acting in the wake of motives responsible for the desire to make the most of life, in the form of continual entertainments and adventures, and a desire to impose on one’s coevals. A striking thing here is a lack of planning, absence of reflections on their future life, as well as of any more serious considerations for work, which, with them, is not identified with the idea of any definite trade; there is also a failure to appreciate critically the effects of one's own behavior. As far as the level of intelligence is concerned, only 11 of the investigated showed signs of mental deficiency. There were 18 individuals of more than average intelligence. A psychological and psychopathological analysis of the investigated shows that 39 of those recidivists are to be included in the category of persons with personality disorders, who are usually described by the name of psychopaths. Yet it does not seem possible, on the basis of the investigation, to delimit the cases which could be diagnosed as psychopathic from such in which the normal development of the personality has suffered serious disturbances, mostly as a result of serious psychical shocks and psychical conflicts during their childhood. There can be no doubt, however, that the psychical qualities of the investigated cannot be squeezed within the framework of even a broad norm adopted, that their personality has pathological traits which exert an essential influence upon their behavior. In comparison with this most numerous group of 39 of the investigated, who are usually approached from the point of view of psychopathy, other pathological cases are not numerous in the material under investigation: with 6 of the investigated we have to do with encephalopathy after skull lesions, with 4 - with psychical changes after an 3 encephalitis, while 3 of the investigated suffer from epilepsy. In analyzing the abnormal personality traits with these 39 recidivists, the following re-occurring psychical qualities and reaction attitudes (incidentally mentioned in conversation by the investigated themselves) have been met with: a great irritability, lack of self-control, a tendency to provoke conflicts owing to an impulsive pattern of behavior, considerable difficulties in trying to subordinate oneself to various kinds of discipline, frequent states of depression and bad feeling, o tension and anxiety. It ought to be emphasized that out of 39 recidivists with serious personality disorders there were as many as 30 cases of very bad family environment in childhood. Besides, in all this material in which the family home so frequently assumes a negative outlook, it is noteworthy how many of young adult recidivists showed no emotional attachment whatsoever to their parents, including a large percentage of individuals of a very aggressive attitude. Among 47 young adults of a definitely aggressive attitude there were 30 lacking any emotional ties with the family home, and among the others there were only 10 free from an aggressive attitude. It is a significant thing that it is precisely with those of the investigated, revealing clear tendencies to aggression, over-impulsive, uncontrolled, that, in comparison with the other investigated, the various emotional conflicts appear much more conspicuously conflicts going back to childhood days, caused by an atmosphere in the family home (a feeling of loneliness due to the lack of manifestations of any tenderer feeling on the part of the mother, jealousy of a brother or sister, because the father liked them better, experiences of fear evoked by the brutality of a drunken father and an ambivalent attitude towards him, etc.) 4. As far as their mode of life was, concerned, only 16 of the investigated, who worked systematically, led a life similar to that of the generality of young people of the same age and of similar social environment. With the remaining ones we find a definitely negative attitude to work, while 32 of them worked very unsystematically, and 52 did but odd jobs or did not work at all. An overwhelming majority of the investigated spent most of their time strolling about the town, sitting in restaurants or nighthouses etc. Alcoholism reached big proportions with 56 of the investigated. They drink at least four or five times per week and frequently get drunk, while the majority of this group drink, and get drunk, every day. All the sons of alcohol addicts belong to this group. 27 of the investigated drink alcohol from once to three times per week, and it is only of 17 of them that it can be said that they either do not drink at all, or else drink only on rare occasions. 5. In our investigation, problems concerning the penalty and prison have been taken into consideration, first and foremost, under two of their aspects: whether or not, and if so, to what extent, the penalty of imprisonment does act, as a deterrent upon the persons investigated, according to their own opinion, and what influence a spell in prison had previously exerted upon them. Nearly all of them (70 answers have been obtained) believe that a penalty of imprisonment can act as a deterrent only on those who have not been in prison yet. Afterwards, that deterrent action ceases, since the prisoner comes to the conclusion that ,,you can get used to anything and bear any conditions". All the investigated also think that a spell in prison, so far from favouring their reformation, derailed them even further. Questioned whether after serving their present penalty they would go on committing criminal offences, 45 of the investigated answered indecisively, while admitting the possibility of their further committing offences, 15 declared bluntly that they would go on stealing, and a more 10 asserted that they would never again appear in the dock (their previous offences had, as a rule, to do with alcoholism). After the investigation was terminated, the further destinies of the 100 young adult recidivists who had been investigated were checked and it appeared. That 42 of them still served prison sentences, 29 had been released and remained at large, while another 29 had been once more arrested after their release for the commission of a new crime. Of the latter group, 17 remained free less than six months, 9 - from six months to one year, and only 3 for more than one year. It ought to be emphasized that out of the 29 investigated persons who were not arrested again after having been released from prison, 10 had been free for only about six months at the time of the last follow-up study. The results of the investigation bear witness to the fact that 80 per cent of young adult recidivists systematically commit criminal offences and belong to the category of the socially entirely depraved. The fundamental conclusion boils down to the following questions: The prophylaxis of young adults recidivism is closely connected with the problem of the recidivism of juvenile delinquents and with the problem of the earliest possible interception of the process of the juvenile's demoralization. With regard to recidivists aged from 17 to 20 the imprisonment penalty ought to be altogether eliminated and long-term educational-cum-correctional methods applied, similar to those used with older juveniles with a high minimum term (two years). Young adult recidivists ought to be submitted to detailed psychological and psychiatrical examination in order to find and apply the appropriate, individualized methods of re-education.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1960, I; 165-214
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka praw własności intelektualnej w ustawie o Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Intellectual property law issues in the Act on the Polish Academy of Science
Autorzy:
Stanisławska-Kloc, Sybilla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
prawa własności intelektualnej
prawo autorskie
plagiat
odpowiedzialność pracowników naukowych z tytułu naruszenia praw własności intelektualnej
zarządzanie i komercjalizacja praw własności intelektualnej
komisja ds. etyki w nauce
intellectual property rights
copyright
plagiarism
liability of scientists for infringements of intellectual property rights
managing and commercialisation of intellectual property rights
commission for research ethics
Opis:
W artykule została przedstawiona problematyka dotycząca wytworów intelektualnych chronionych prawami własności intelektualnej, które są wykorzystywane w działalności Polskiej Akademii Nauk oraz jej jednostek. Zaprezentowano skrótowo rozwiązania prawne służące ochronie dóbr intelektualnych oraz te dotyczące zarządzania i komercjalizacji praw własności intelektualnej w jednostkach PAN. Obecnie działalność naukowa nieodzownie związana jest z tworzeniem, głównie utworów i wynalazków oraz wykorzystywaniem cudzych rozwiązań chronionych prawami własności intelektualnej. Niestety także i w tej działalności dochodziło do naruszeń praw osób trzecich stąd celowe było znowelizowanie przepisów dotyczących szczegółowych zasad odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej pracowników PAN oraz uregulowanie funkcjonowania komisji do spraw etyki w nauce. Należy pamiętać, iż odpowiedzialność dyscyplinarna nie wyłącza odpowiedzialności cywilnej i karnej przewidzianej w prawie autorskim oraz prawie własności przemysłowej, a nadto nie wyłącza możliwości odebrania tytułu lub stopnia naukowego.
This paper presents legal issues in intellectual property relevant for the Polish Academy of Science (PAS) and its organizational units. The paper outlines legal solutions for the protection of intellectual property and those concerning managing and commercialisation of IP rights in PAS. Nowadays scientifi c work is immanently connected with creating, in particular copyright works or patentable inventions, and with exploitation of third party IP rights. Regrettably, also in this fi eld infringements have occurred and therefore it was considered appropriate to amend legal provisions on disciplinary liability of PAS employees and to regulate the operations of the commission for research ethics. It should be borne in mind though that disciplinary sanctions do not override civil and criminal liability resulting from copyright law or industrial property law. Neither do they avert depriving the infringers of their scientifi c titles or degrees.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa; 2015, 51, 3(205); 359-376
0044-1619
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrogen Production in Institute of Fluid Machinery of Polish Academy of Science in Gdańsk — theory and practice
Autorzy:
Sołowski, G.
Czylkowski, D.
Hrycak, B.
Siuzdak, K.
Pastuszak, K.
Cenian, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Gdańska Szkoła Wyższa
Tematy:
hydrogen
dark fermentation
plasmolysis
photochemical water oxidation
Opis:
The hydrogen production technologies developed in the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences in Gdańsk are discussed here. They include the following methods: dark fermentation, photoelectrochemical water oxidation and hydrocarbons (or alcohols) reforming by microwave plasma. The potential of hydrogen production by using dark fermentation of different popular wastes such as: agricultural wastes, textile or wood waste, was determined using suitable models. Also, the influence of microaeration during dark fermentation of some substrates, e.g. sour cabbage, was tested. Photochemical oxidation is a water-splitting process driven by radiation at the surface of a titanium-oxide anode. The Si microrods covered by titania films were verified as a photoanode material. The hydrogen production from methane, ethanol, isopropanol and kerosene was driven by a microwave plasma. The results obtained confirm that microwave plasma sources have a high potential for hydrogen production via gaseous and liquid fuels reforming.
Źródło:
Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy; 2019, 2; 135--144
2657-5922
2657-7674
Pojawia się w:
Eco-Energetics: technologies, environment, law and economy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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