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Tytuł:
Ochrona ex situ żubra w Polsce
Ex situ protection of Bison bonasus in Poland
Autorzy:
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2010, 12, 2[25]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie mikromacierzy DNA w badaniach dzikich zwierząt
The use of DNA microarray in the study of the wild animal species
Autorzy:
Wojciechowska, M.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
zwierzeta dziko zyjace
genetyka zwierzat
markery genetyczne
mikromacierze DNA
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2013, 15, 3[36]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cele i efekty wzbogacenia genetycznego populacji żubra w Karpatach
Goals and effects of genetice enrichment of the Carpathian wisent population
Autorzy:
Olech, W.
Perzanowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
Karpaty
fauna
zubr
Bison bonasus
populacje zwierzat
zalozyciele
udzial zalozycieli
reintrodukcja
metapopulacje
wzbogacanie populacji
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2013, 15, 3[36]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w jelicie karpi (Cyprinus carpio L.) spowodowane obecnością Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Changes in the intestine of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Caused by Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Izmenenija v kishechnike karpejj (Cyprinus carpio L.) Vyzvannye prisutstviem Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Autorzy:
Jara, Z.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/836563.pdf
Data publikacji:
1964
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Opis:
Changes occurring in the intestine of Cyprinus carpio L. are described as a result of the attachement of Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) both to the mucous membrane and beneath its surface. In the latter case, histologic method were used for examination. It had been found that the parasite is not enclosed by the connective capsule and does not give rise to any appreciable cell infiltrate, but it leads to marked congestion and mechanical damage to blood vessels; single nodules contained occasionally 2-3 parasites: mostly, they were separated by the host tissues. The authors believe that the described intestinal changes have no seizable adverse influence on the condition and body weight increase of fishes.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1964, 10, 4-5
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika inwazji Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) u karpi hodowanych (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Dynamics of Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) invasion in breeding carps (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Dinamika invazii Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) u kultivorovannykh karpejj (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Autorzy:
Jara, Z.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/841343.pdf
Data publikacji:
1964
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Opis:
The invasion was observed in fish ponds of Chojnów region (Lower Silesia). The material obtained prompts an assumption that fishes may be infested by the parasites as early as in the first months of life this being indicated, in authors' opinion, by the presence of small-sized parasites in the gallbladders of examined fishes, beginning from July. The authors found the gravity point of invasion, in the time of summer to autumn, to shift from the gallbladder to the intestine and admitted the possibility of parasite transmission from one organ to the other, stressing, however, that the former is the main environment of Cystrcercus dilepidis campylancistrotae in carp.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1964, 10, 4-5
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Twenty years of the European bison Lowland line Bison bonasus bonasus conservation in captivity
Dwadzieścia lat ochrony linii nizinnej żubra Bison bonasus bonasus w niewoli
Autorzy:
Sobieraj, A.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
European bison
Bison bonasus bonasus
Lowland European bison
European Bison Pedigree Book
breed line
breed protection
captive breeding
animal population
population structure
pedigree information
Opis:
Twenty years of the Lowland European bison Bison bonasus bonasus conservation in captivity. The aim of the work was to track back changes taking place in the Lowland European bison population kept in captivity in years 1995-2015. The material for the study was data from European Bison Pedigree Book, collected from the years 1924-2015. The parameters such as inbreeding coefficient, kinship coefficient, contribution of founder genes and completeness of pedigree information were analyzed as well as the demographic structure of the population. Over the past 20 years, a steady increase in the population size has been observed. The share of different countries in Lowland wisent breeding also changed. The study showed that the accuracy of pedigree information decreased significantly between 1995 and 2015. In 1995 169 from 342 animals living in captivity had full pedigree information. In 2005 it was 76 from 320 animals. Within the population being alive in 2015, only 62 form 577 (10%) of all animals from Lowland line have full pedigree information, that leads to the founders of the population. An increase in the average values of inbreeding coefficient in the population and mean kinship was also observed.
Dwadzieścia lat ochrony linii nizinnej żubra Bison bonasus bonasus w niewoli. Celem pracy było prześledzenie zmian zachodzących w populacji żubrów linii nizinnej utrzymywanych w niewoli w latach 1995-2015. Materiał do badania stanowiły dane z Księgi Rodowodowej Żubrów zebrane z lat 1924-2015. Analizie podlegały takie parametry jak współczynnik inbredu, współczynnik kinship, udział genów założycieli oraz kompletność informacji rodowodowej. Analizie podlegała także struktura demograficzna populacji. W ciągu ostatnich 20 lat obserwowany jest stały wzrost liczebności populacji. Zmienił się także udział poszczególnych krajów, w hodowli żubrów linii nizinnej. Wykazano, iż między latami 1995 a 2015 znacząco spadła dokładność informacji rodowodowej. W 1995 169 z 342 zwierząt utrzymywanych w niewoli miało pełną informację rodowodową. W 2005 było to już jedynie 76 z 320 zwierząt. W populacji żyjącej w 2015 roku jedynie 62 z 577 (10%) zwierząt ma pełną informację rodowodową, taką która prowadzi do założycieli populacji. Obserwowany jest także wzrost średniego współczynnika inbredu w populacji oraz Mean Kinship.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2018, 57[2]
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of hair coat in European bison
Charakterystyka okrywy włosowej żubra
Autorzy:
Sztych, D.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
European bison
hair coat
hair thickness
medullary structure
anatomy
Opis:
Characteristics of hair coat in European bison. The subject matter of the study was to analyse chosen characteristics of hair coat of 40 E. bison (living in the Białowieża and Borecka forests), representing two age groups. Hair samples were collected in winter from the middle part of the animals’ abdomen. They were used to determine the share of the hair fraction, the thickness within a fraction, the features of hair surface and its diameter. Hair fractions (down and medullated) were distinguished on the basis of differences in the hair length. The share of a fraction was determined according to the quantity of fibres within a fraction. The thickness of the fibre was measured by microprojection. Anatomical structure of hair was analysed on the basis of images from a scanning electron microscope. The studied hair coat showed predominance of the down fraction, i.e. thin, woolly, non-medullated hair. Its average share was higher in young E. bison(P≤0.05) where it amounted to 73.41%, whereas in older animals it represented 65.50%. Higher share of down fraction in the fur of young animals was correlated with smaller hair diameter – both in down fraction and in the whole hair coat – namely 26.67 µm and 32.78 µm, respectively. Fibre diameter in the fur of mature animals was larger – 50.12 µm on average – i.e. 39.19 µm in the down fraction which proved perfectly even in terms of hair thickness and 91.71 µm in the medullated fraction. Animals representing the two age groups showed differences in the thickness of down fraction, medullated fraction as well as hair coat in general (P≤0.01). Discrepancies of hair thickness in young animals are worth noting. The presence of the core was observed in the long and thick guard hair (in 41.38% of it). The fibres featured predominantly continuous medulla (64.2 %). Differences between down and guard hair were observed also in the structure of cuticle.
Charakterystyka okrywy włosowej żubra. Badania dotyczyły analizy wybranych cech okrywy włosowej 40 żubrów pochodzących z dwóch grup wiekowych. Próby włosów pobrane zimą, posłużyły do określenia udziału frakcji włosów, grubości w obrębie frakcji oraz cech powierzchni włosów i ich przekrojów. Frakcje włókien (wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną) wydzielono na podstawie różnic w długości włosów. Grubość włókien określono metodą mikroprojekcyjną. Budowę anatomiczną włosa analizowano na podstawie obrazów ze skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego. W badanej okrywie stwierdzono dominację warstwy wewnętrznej, czyli cienkich, bezrdzeniowych włosów puchowych. Jej średni udział we włosach młodych żubrów był wyższy (P≤ 0.05) i wynosił 73,41 %, zaś u dojrzałych zwierząt 65,50 %. Większy udział w okrywie młodych osobników frakcji wewnętrznej, determinował mniejszą średnicę tak warstwy włosów wełnistych jak i całego zespołu włosowego i wynosił odpowiednio 26,67 µm i 32,78 µm. Okrywa włosowa dojrzałych osobników charakteryzowała się grubszą średnicą włókien – 50,12 µm, przy czym średnia grubość, doskonale wyrównanej pod względem grubości warstwy wewnętrznej, wynosiła - 39,19 µm, a zewnętrznej 91,71 µm. Zarejestrowano różnice w grubości frakcji wewnętrznej, zewnętrznej jak i całego zespołu włosowego (P≤0.01), pomiędzy osobnikami należącymi do dwóch grup wiekowych. Zwraca uwagę złe wyrównanie grubości włosów młodych osobników. W warstwie zewnętrznej, w długich, grubych włosach pokrywowych, odnotowano występowanie rdzenistości (w 41,38 % włosów). Dominowały włókna z rdzeniem ciągłym (64,2 %). Stwierdzono różnice w budowie kutikuli włosów wełnistych i pokrywowych.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2016, 55[2]
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w jelicie karpi (Cyprinus carpio L.) spowodowane obecnością Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Changes in the intestine of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Caused by Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Izmenenija v kishechnike karpejj (Cyprinus carpio L.) Vyzvannye prisutstviem Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert)
Autorzy:
Jara, Z.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179299.pdf
Data publikacji:
1964
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Opis:
Changes occurring in the intestine of Cyprinus carpio L. are described as a result of the attachement of Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) both to the mucous membrane and beneath its surface. In the latter case, histologic method were used for examination. It had been found that the parasite is not enclosed by the connective capsule and does not give rise to any appreciable cell infiltrate, but it leads to marked congestion and mechanical damage to blood vessels; single nodules contained occasionally 2-3 parasites: mostly, they were separated by the host tissues. The authors believe that the described intestinal changes have no seizable adverse influence on the condition and body weight increase of fishes.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 1964, 10, 4-5; 521-522
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamika inwazji Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) u karpi hodowanych (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Dynamics of Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) invasion in breeding carps (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Dinamika invazii Cysticercus dilepidis campylancistrotae (Aubert) u kultivorovannykh karpejj (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Autorzy:
Jara, Z.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179403.pdf
Data publikacji:
1964
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Opis:
The invasion was observed in fish ponds of Chojnów region (Lower Silesia). The material obtained prompts an assumption that fishes may be infested by the parasites as early as in the first months of life this being indicated, in authors' opinion, by the presence of small-sized parasites in the gallbladders of examined fishes, beginning from July. The authors found the gravity point of invasion, in the time of summer to autumn, to shift from the gallbladder to the intestine and admitted the possibility of parasite transmission from one organ to the other, stressing, however, that the former is the main environment of Cystrcercus dilepidis campylancistrotae in carp.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 1964, 10, 4-5; 518-520
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The comparison of Polish Halfbred mares utility based on the results of field performance tests conducted in 2002–2015
Porównanie wartości użytkowej klaczy polskich ras półkrwi na podstawie wyników polowych prób dzielności przeprowadzonych w latach 2002–2015
Autorzy:
Masko, M.
Krajewska, A.
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2018, 57[4]
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the influence of demographic factors on the success of reintroduction of small herds of European bison
Ocena wpływu czynników demograficznych na szanse przetrwania reintrodukowanych małych stad żubra
Autorzy:
Suchecka, A.
Olech, W.
Lopienska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica; 2014, 13, 4
1644-0714
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The level of knowledge and attitude to European bison from a local perspective – a preliminary study in north-eastern Poland
Poziom wiedzy i postawy wobec żubra z perspektywy lokalnej – badania wstępne w północno-wschodniej Polsce
Autorzy:
Klich, D.
Olech, W.
Żygowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
European bison
attitude
knowledge
Polska
Opis:
The level of knowledge and attitude to European bison from a local perspective a preliminary study in north-eastern Poland. Among main reasons of lower acceptance of European bison (Bison bonasus) by local communities is the fear of the extent of the possible damage. The fear may be related to myths about the ecology of European bison. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of knowledge of local communities regarding the European bison, and its relation with the level of acceptance for the species. The survey was conducted in the area with already existing population of European bison (Bielsk Forest District), and the area where its reintroduction just have started (Augustów Forest District). The study was based on questionnaires fi lled out personally by workshop participants. The questionnaires contained a test on the level of knowledge on the European bison, the attitude towards this species, and basic information about the respondent. We found that the attitude to European bison was not driven by the level of knowledge. Respondents from Bielsk Forest District presented signifi cantly lower level of acceptance than respondents from Augustów Forest District. The study confi rms, that the level of acceptance towards protected species that may cause human-wildlife confl icts is related to the management methods in the area.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2019, 58[1]; 29-36
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oil-filled transformer supplying power electronics circuit
Transformator olejowy zasilający układ energoelektroniczny
Autorzy:
Glinka, T.
Olech, W.
Kulesz, B.
Sikora, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Napędów i Maszyn Elektrycznych Komel
Tematy:
transformatory olejowe
badania oleju
układy energoelektroniczne
oil-filled transformers
oil testing
power electronics circuits
Opis:
Transformatory olejowe z izolacją papierową są stosowane także w układach energoelektronicznych: w elektroenergetyce odnawialnej i w elektrotermii. Izolacja papierowa w tych transformatorach ulega szybkiej degradacji. Powodem jest komutacja zaworów energoelektronicznych. Impulsy prądów komutacyjnych generują napięcia, między uzwojeniem i kadzią transformatora, o pochodnej ponad 100V/μs.
Źródło:
Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe; 2013, 4, 100/2; 31-36
0239-3646
2084-5618
Pojawia się w:
Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O bioróżnorodności dla przyszłości - czyli jak uczyć, że sarna nie jest żoną jelenia?
How to teach that a roe deer is not a wife of a red deer?
Autorzy:
Gajewska, K.
Kaczmarek-Okroj, M.
Wojciechowska, M.
Olech, W.
Klimaszewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/882572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
edukacja spoleczenstwa
edukacja przyrodnicza
roznorodnosc biologiczna
materialy edukacyjne
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2017, 19, 1[50]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zawartość wybranych składników mineralnych w wątrobie żubrów w różnym wieku
The content of the selected mineral components in the liver of the European bisons at different age
Autorzy:
Arkuszewska, E.
Lozicki, A.
Dymnicka, M.
Olech, W.
Gipsiak, J.
Petruczenko, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/843940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Zootechniczne
Opis:
Materiał badawczy stanowiły próbki wątroby pobrane od 25 żubrów, wyeliminowanych w ramach corocznych odstrzałów selekcyjno-redukcyjnych przeprowadzonych w Puszczy Białowieskiej w latach 2005-2007. Oznaczono zawartość makroelementów i wybranych mikroelementów w wątrobach żubrów w różnym wieku, które porównano z wartościami referencyjnymi dla bydła oraz z wynikami wcześniejszych badań prowadzonych w Puszczy Białowieskiej. Zawartość analizowanych makro- i mikroelementów w wątrobie, we wszystkich grupach wiekowych żubrów, mieściła się w granicach wartości przyjmowanych za fizjologiczne dla bydła, z wyjątkiem Cu. Nie stwierdzono potwierdzonych statystycznie różnic dotyczących wpływu wieku na zawartość makro- i mikroelementów w wątrobach żubrów. W latach 2005-2007 zawartość Ca, P, Na, Mg, Mn i Zn w wątrobach żubrów była wyższa, zawartość K zbliżona, natomiast Cu i Co niższa w porównaniu do wyników badań z lat 1998- -2003. Wykazana w badaniach własnych zawartość Cu w wątrobach żubrów ze wszystkich grup wiekowych wskazuje na niedobór kliniczny tego pierwiastka, co stwierdzono również badaniach w latach 1998-2003.
The research material included liver samples, collected from 25 European bisons eliminated during the annual selection – reduction shooting, conducted in the Białowieża Forest in the years 2005-2007. The aim of the work was to analyze the content of macroelements and the selected microelements in the liver of the European bison, depending on age, as compared to the reference values for cattle and the results of earlier studies, conducted in the Białowieża Forest. The content of the analyzed macro- and microelements in the liver in all age groups of the bisons was found within the limits of values, adopted as physiological ones for cattle, except for Cu. Any statistically confirmed differences concerning the effect of the age on the contents of micro- and macroelements in the liver of the European bison were not recorded. The levels of Ca, P, Na, Mg, Mn and Zn in the livers of the bisons, as studied in the years 2005-2007 were higher, K similar, Cu and Co were lower as compared to the results of the studies, conducted in the years 1998-2003. The contents of Cu, as determined in the livers of all age groups of the bison in own studies indicate clinical deficiency of the discussed element, which occurred also in the years 1998-2003.
Źródło:
Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego; 2012, 08, 4
1733-7305
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bovine tuberculosis outbreak in farmed American bison (Bison bison) in Poland
Autorzy:
Krajewska-Wędzina, M.
Olech, W.
Kozińska, M.
Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.
Weiner, M.
Szulowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Mycobacterium caprae
bovine tuberculosis
bison (Bison bison)
epidemiology
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2017, 4; 819-821
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pregnancy in European bison (Bison bonaus) with generalized tuberculosis – no evidence of vertical transmission
Autorzy:
Didkowska, A.
Orłowska, B.
Krajewska-Wędzina, M.
Bielecki, W.
Brzezińska, S.
Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.
Olech, W.
Anusz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28761833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2022, 29, 2; 300-302
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microbiological and molecular monitoring for bovine tuberculosis in the Polish population of European bison (Bison bonasus)
Autorzy:
Didkowska, A.
Orłowska, B.
Krajewska-Wędzina, M.
Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.
Brzezińska, S.
Żygowska, M.
Wiśniewski, J.
Kaczor, S.
Welz, M.
Olech, W.
Anusz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28762521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2021, 28, 4; 575-578
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Glin w lekach
Aluminium in drugs
Autorzy:
Olech, A.
Lozak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/876566.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1993, 44, 1
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie pojęć uniwersalnych i transcendentalnych
On Universal and Transcendental Concepts
Autorzy:
Olech, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965378.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Opis:
In this paper the particulierity of universal and transcendental concepts is analyzed. The thesis of the article is following: as for the content of concepts - the transcendental ones are empty, contrary to the universal ones which always have some content. It is the author’s intention to address his article not only to philosophers - hence he passes over some complicated problems and keeps the use of logical appemetns - within reasonable limits.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 1998, 6, 2; 35-49
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Apagogiczne argumenty Zenona z Elei w apologii Parmenidesa
Autorzy:
Piętka, Dariusz
Bigaj, Jan
Olech, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2038103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri
Opis:
The considerations of Parmenides of Elea contained in the poem Περί φύσεως were a revolution in the thinking of ancient Greeks about what is the subject of philosophy and what attributes it possesses. Probably Parmenides’s theory of being and cognition was incomprehensible from an empirical point of view for contemporary Greek. Plato’s dialogue Parmenides shows that Parmenides of Elea’s theory was attacked. Zenon was a disciple of Parmenides who defended his philosophy. The subject of my research is the Zeno’s paradoxes formulated in defence Parmenides’s philosophy. I included the results of my research in a monograph Apagogic Zeno’s of Elea Arguments in Parmenides’s Apology. The book consists of four chapters and an appendix. The appendix is a philological justification of the paradigm in the light of which I read passages of ancient texts. The main idea that guided me at work was an adequate reading of Zeno’s paradoxes, firstly, within the epistemological and ontological assumptions of Parmenides which are contained in his epic poem Περί φύσεως, secondly, taking into account contemporary linguistic research. They shed new light on the syntactic functions of the verb „be” in ancient Greek and on the meanings in which it is occured. I mean the results of Ch. S. Kahn contained in his monograph The Verb „Be” in Ancient Greek, in which he argues that in ancient Greek there are no existential uses of this verb. Zeno’s arguments are often read in an existential way as arguments against the existence of multiplicity and against the existence of motion. For this reason I have reinterpreted paradoxes in the light of Kahn’s research, and to reformulate traditionally understood Parmenides ontology. The first chapter, entitled Parmenides’s Ontology, is focused, above all, on the interpretation of the principle expressed in fragment B 2.3 and its influence on the understanding of being. This text, however, tends to be interpreted diversely. Referring to other fragments of the epic poem, I conducted a philological analysis of the fragment, trying to answer the question whether this is an idiomatic expression or maybe this should be translated literally, interlinearly. What is (if there is any) the grammatical subject of the sentence? Does ἔστιν in the first part of this compound sentence have an implied predicative or does it constitute a separate predicate? What grammatical form does the whole sentence have? I present a number of interpretations, distinguishing six groups of translations that can be found in the literature on the subject. In my opinion, non-existential translations, with the implied grammatical subject indicated by Parmenides in the prologue to his works, comply with the philosopher’s intentions. The subject seems to be the object of knowledge, which is the ontological truth. This choice really is essential to Parmenides’s way of understanding the being. Then, I performed a logical analysis of each type of translation, coming to believe that the fragment is first in history clear expression of the ontological principle of non-contradiction. Despite being non-idiomatic, existential and literal, all other translations have a formal structure that corresponds with the principle. The non-contradiction that we read about in the epic poem is absolutist – the aspects of being are not distinguished in it. The object of knowledge (the ontic truth) cannot be anything else than it is. The absolutism of non-contradiction of being reveals the necessity of its identity. Parmenides searched for truth that had attributes of immutability and non-complexity. Non-contradiction, which is a formal condition of being, does not admit any change in Parmenides’s point of view and determines the immutability of Being. For every change would lead to a contradiction. The claim about an absolute identity of being leads to a conviction that it is completely non-complex, absolutely simple. Parmenides finds truth in Being that is immutable and non-complex. An important attribute which results from such a perspective is an attribute of definiteness and finiteness of Being. In the book, I present that Parmenides was first in the history of philosophy to introduce the concept of being in the form of the gerund to eon, which expresses everlasting time. In the part devoted to the truthfulness of Parmenides’s concept of being, I indicate that being belongs to another ontic plane than the mutable, complex and indefinite world of material objects. Thus, I stand in opposition to materialistic interpretations of Parmenides’s being. Taking into consideration the apologetic motives that made Zeno write his book of paradoxes, I present conclusions concerning the nature and attributes of Being that are confirmed by the object of paradoxes – change and plurality. On the other hand, in the light of these results, we get a clear background to answer the question why Zeno’s arguments are reasonings whose aim is to contradict plurality and motion, and why the concept of endless sequence, which leads to a number of theoretical difficulties, is emphasised in all of them. The second chapter of the monograph includes texts, my own translations, linguistic as well as logical and philosophical analyses of all paradoxes that were handed over to us by ancient philosophers. It consists of four paradoxes of plurality, the paradox of the Grain of Millet – that is sometimes classified as a paradox of plurality, but it seems that it can also be interpreted as a paradox of motion, which I justify in the book – and then four paradoxes of motion: the Dichotomy, Achilles and the Tortoise, the Arrow and the Stadium, and the paradox of Place. Ten paradoxes that survived in the works of later philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Simplicius and Diogenes were probably included in Zeno’s book compiled of forty arguments. The object of paradoxes is constituted by things that belong to the changeable and complex world, therefore the path that Zeno chose in order to substantiate Parmenides’s theory of being is quite different from the one that its creator walked. This is an indirect substantiation. It is supposed to prove the value of Truth and also be an expression of critical stand on opinions that lead to contradictions and, in consequence, do not provide valuable cognition. The polemic that Zeno had with the opponents of Parmenides reveals that the cognition of material world is imperfect since it results in contradiction and involves us in various theoretical difficulties that are far more serious than those following the universally non-intuitive path of Being. In the light of Kahn’s research results, I tried to demonstrate that the first of the discussed arguments against plurality [Zeno, 19, B 3; Simplicius, In Aristotelis Physicorum, 140.28] could be interpreted in both locative and referential ways. Hence, the phrase εἰ πολλά ἐστιν would mean that there are (are located) many things (scil. in the world) and emphasise the semantic aspect – they are true. This hypothesis on Zeno’s proof would emphasise both planes and it probably has a meaning that connects both syntactic and semantic aspects. Thus, it would mean the following: „there are many true things [scil. in the world]”. The referential interpretation („is” means the truth) consists in presenting the argument and stressing, above all, the semantic function of ἐστιν. The referential and truthful role of the verb „exist” also appears in Parmenides’s epic poem. „Exist” designates the object of knowledge – the true being. If we adopt such an understanding of ἐστιν, the phrase πολλά ἐστιν would mean „many things are true”. A certain subtlety included in the text can support this approach of Zeno. It is about using the concept of necessity. After the analysis of the argument’s structure, it turned out that the logical structure of both propositions that constitute the paradox was the same. These are conditional propositions in the form: if P, then Q. Formally speaking, the argument was conducted in accordance to the scheme: if P, then R and if P, then not-R, thus not-P. The second argument to be analysed was B 1 of Diels’s work [Zeno, 19, B 1, Diels; In Aristotelis Physicorum, 140.34], which, similarly to the first argument, has two parts. In the first part, the verb „is” can be understood in two ways: in the first place, as a second-order veritative expression, which would translate the premise of the argument in the following way: „if it is so that it is necessary…” (the second part of condition follows); in the second place, as a phrase in which the subject of the word „is” has not been stated explicitly just like it happens in fragment B 2.3. Thus, the translation would assume an essential and identical form: „if it is, then it is necessarily...” in which the phrase constitutes simultaneously the antecedent of the conditional proposition, thus the premise of the argument. Historians of philosophy usually interpret the text in an existential way: „if it exists, then it is necessarily...”. Unlike the veritative interpretation, essential and existential propositions will have the same logical structure. A significant result of my research was to observe that in the text, there are the so-called markers of truthfulness that induce to choose the veritative interpretation. They include the words εἰπεῖν and λέγειν. The veritative interpretation is different from other types of interpretation, above all, at the level of formality. The functor „if..., then...” has different arguments in the antecedent and the consequent position in both translations, thus it contains a broader proof assumption. The third argument, which is included B 2 in Diels’s work [Zeno, 19, B 2, Diels; In Aristotelis Physicorum, 139.9], is aimed at substantiating the conviction that complex things do not increase or decrease, which contradicts empirical experience. The paradox contains, above all, premises that constitute the result of a priori cognition (for example, a complex thing can be divided infinitely, hence infinitely small parts exist). It departs in its reasoning from connecting the concept of size with only something that is concrete and measurable in the world. Thus, the idea of infinitely small size, which does not have a measurable value, appears. It constitutes the result of infinite divisibility. If we divide something ad infinitum, we receive infinitely small parts. It seems that this idea would be later used in Eudoxus’s mathematical method of exhaustion. This was a method of measuring a geometric figure that consisted in extracting from it any part, bigger than the half of the figure, whose size was known. The step was repeated with other parts of the figure, extracting every time more than a half of what was left. The infinite number of these parts equals the area of the figure. The fourth paradox of plurality is the reasoning which Plato included in the Parmenides – this is called the argument by similarity and dissimilarity [Plato, Parmenides, 127e]. On the basis of comparative analysis of Plato’s texts with fragments from Simplicius’s work, I substantiate in the monograph that the argument is original and that Plato presumably did not change it significantly. In comparison to other paradoxes, this one is different because the concepts used in the paradoxes handed over by Simplicius (related to plurality) and Aristotle (related to motion) are measurable and refer to the category of quantity, whereas those used in Plato’s reasoning cannot be described quantitatively (at least it was not possible in antiquity). The fourth paradox that I discuss is called the paradox of Place [Aristotle, Physics, 209b; In Aristotelis Physicorum, 562.3–6]. The purpose of substantiation is a conviction that space cannot be a being or a being cannot be located in space. It can be understood as some form of a modern question whether a set of all sets is possible to exist, or, historically speaking, as a polemic with Melissus about the nature of being. The Grain of Millet [Physics, 250a; In Aristotelis Physicorum, 1108.18], the sixth paradox described in the book, can be understood in two ways. It is usually thought that Zeno’s intention is to reject plurality by stating that if a hundredth part of millet does not make a sound and a grain, which is the measurement of a sack of millet, does not make any sound either, then the sack itself will not make a sound. The lack of sound induces us to accept the conviction that there is no plurality that is called the sack. The Greek text, however, does not speak about the sack that does not make a sound (to which the translators often pay attention), but literally, it is about the fact that when a hundredth part of millet is falling on the ground, the air is not moving (μὴ κινεῖν τὸν ἀέρα). The argumentation is opposed to the possibility of motion, but from a different perspective that it is presented in other paradoxes of motion. In the Grain of Millet, it is the cause of motion, not the path, which an object has to travel, that is divided. If as a result of the division the part of the grain is so small that it does not have a mass, then it will not disturb anything. The paradox also tends to be interpreted as an argument undermining the value of sensory cognition and its inconsistency with intellectual cognition. Another class of arguments that I explore and analyse after the paradoxes of plurality are the paradoxes of motion. They are mainly presented by Aristotle in the Physics [239b], which also contains his own commentaries. The first paradox is the Dichotomy, which consists in the endless division of a stretch of path. In order to break Zeno’s argumentation, Aristotle develops the theory of potential and actual infinity. He resolves the paradox using a paraphrase, in which the concept of time and path is employed. At the same time, he acknowledges, however, that if we read the text literally, taking into consideration only the path, the difficulties will remain. The second argument against motion that I discuss in the book is Achilles and the Tortoise, which was constructed according to a similar idea related to the infinite division of path. Aristotle, however, expounded it in a perfunctory and incomplete way. In the monograph, I paraphrased and supplemented the argument, coming to believe that it was conducted in accordance with the scheme modus ponendo ponens. It indicates that the argumentation which Aristotle presented was probably reformulated by the philosopher himself. The arguments: Dichotomy and Achilles and the Tortoise complement one another. The Achilles shows that a runner cannot reach a certain place even if he has started his race, whereas the Dichotomy states that he cannot even start running. The third paradox of motion is the Arrow. Unlike Achilles and the Tortoise and the Dichotomy, it considers time dependence, indicating that the flying arrow is always in a now, which is related to space. Being in a now means being at rest. Therefore, rest is being motionless in space. I also pay attention to the fact that contrary to other Zeno’s reasonings, the concept of infinity does not play a significant role in argumentation. The author refers to, above all, the concept of finiteness and indivisibility of periods of time. Following the concept of non-complexity and simplicity, it results that change is impossible if it is located in non-complex and simple points. The last argument that I discuss is the Stadium. It causes a number of difficulties that result from an ambiguous message of Aristotle. A very detailed analysis of interpretation problems can be found in Ross’s work. In the monograph, I present his analysis and interpretation of this paradox, which is different from a traditional interpretation based on Alexander’s scheme. I try to analyse these paradoxes in an exhaustive and complementary way, examining every time the syntactic structure of argumentation and the semantic form. Defending Parmenides, Zeno stands out against plurality and change, indirectly substantiating that from the empirical perspective, objections against the attributes of non-complexity and immutability of being lead to even greater difficulties – falling into contradiction as a result of acknowledging plurality and change. The majority of paradoxes has the form of inference based on the modus tollendo tollens, sometimes called dialectic, which laid foundations of the future procedure of indirect proof. Paradoxes use the concept of infinity, which is an antinomic concept. In his paradoxes, Zeno uses a certain general scheme of reasoning, which consists in making an assumption that in order to be a specific part (of the body, length, path, time, place, quantity), something must have the definite whole. The infinite division (of the body, length, path, time, place, quantity) indicates, however, that such a whole does not exist in the world. If it does not exist, then its parts do not exist either. All arguments are supposed to prove that cognition based on empirical experience and the use of principles that are typical of knowledge, leads to insurmountable difficulties. The third chapter of the monograph concerns epistemological and ontological assumptions made by Zeno. I make an attempt to reconstruct his philosophical opinions on the basis of works by later writers, for whom the content of the paradoxes played the most vital role. I divide the chapter into three subsequent paragraphs, which are focused on the dialectic, the ontology of paradoxes and the theory of cognition. Zeno’s dialectic is the reductio ad impossibile (διά τοῦ ἀδυνάτου), based on the rule that is today called modus tollendo tollens. In the part devoted to the ontology, I try to reconstruct Zeno’s opinions on the subject of the unity of being and the structure of time and space. In the light of infinite divisibility, we can think, on the one hand, that the structure is continuous because between any two points on the time axis or segment of space one could indicate a point that is located in between them. The majority of paradoxes is constructed in such a way that a certain whole exists which is divided endlessly. Since things (solids in space) with size and thickness, as well as segments that constitute a model representation of path in space can be divided endlessly, their continuous structure should be recognised. Zeno’s arguments, however, also include the idea of discrete structure (like in the paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise). One could not say much about Zeno’s theory of cognition. In the monograph, I assume, above all, that he was under Parmenides’s strong influence. I present him as a moderate apriorist, who perceived, above all, rational cognition as valuable, but to some extent appreciated empirical experience (for example, he based his arguments against plurality and motion on empirical premises). We should also remember about Diogenes’s words. According to him, Zeno thought that in nature, everything came into existence out of the hot and the cold, the dry and the moist which changed from one into another and interpenetrated. People proceeded from earth and the soul was a harmonious mixture of warmth, cold, dryness and humidity. Zeno was also a naturalist and he rather did not reject empirical experience radically; yet, he perceived it as less valuable than reason. Assumptions concerning the boundaries of cognition should be understood differently in ancient Greece than in the post-Cartesian times. The only question regarded the possibility of surpassing in cognition that which was material and mutable in order to definitely and in an adequate way capture the immutable, incorporeal and non-complex reality, which constituted the source of immutable truth. Zeno is a philosopher whose indirect aim was to substantiate that such cognition was possible. The immanent and corporeal world is the object of opinions, whereas transcendent being constitutes the object of true cognition. The paradoxes in which Zeno acted against the generally recognised truths, such as motion and the plurality of things, persuaded philosophers from Pyrrho’s school to admit him as a sceptic. It is unlikely, however, that he really rejected the possibility of true cognition. He was indeed opposed to the truthfulness of opinions, but not knowledge. The fourth chapter, entitled Two ancient tendencies of interpretation of Parmenides’s nature of being is aimed at presenting Plato’s and Aristotle’s influence on the interpretation and understanding of Parmenides’s thought in later centuries. I also accept the hypothesis that the way of understanding Parmenides’s ontology and theory of cognition had a greater or lesser impact on the way paradoxes, or more broadly the philosophy of Zeno of Elea would be interpreted. In the monograph, I substantiate that Plato interpreted Parmenides’s concept of being in an idealistic way, whereas Aristotle understood it hylomorphically. For Plato, Being–the One was the essence (εἶδος), being one idea (οὖσαν ἰδέαν), the true being. Its attribute was that it was thought of as one and as always the same in. The One was transcendent, which meant that it surpassed the world of corporeal particulars. Aristotle, on the other hand, interpreted Parmenides’s being as a type of compound that consisted of the mutable material (which made up being) and the form. Transformations of the mutable material would be cyclical, so in terms of quantity, the matter did not change. Thus, this was a moderately realistic interpretation that ascribed attributes of quantitative immutability and unity to a certain whole composed of everything in a similar way as a whole was constituted by particulars with the difference that it did not concern immutability in terms of quantity. This was some conception of being as the world. The theoretical framework of Aristotle’s metaphysics made it possible to describe this conception from the point of view of the theory of form and matter and talk about it rationally within the scope of the conceptual framework of Metaphysics. The last part of my monograph is an appendix in which mainly the summary of Kahn’s work, The Verb „Be” in Ancient Greek, is presented.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka
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