Wszystkie pola: New Psychoactive Substances - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

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Tytuł:: New psychoactive substances in Poland: An overview of psychodysleptics (lysergamides and tryptamines)
Autorzy:: Słonina, Gabriel
Janczura, Kevin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1163568.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:: New psychoactive substances
designer drugs
hallucinogens
lysergamides
psychedelic therapy
psychodysleptics
tryptamines
Opis:: New psychoactive substances (NPS) sometimes referred to as “legal highs” or “designer drugs” are psychotropic materials that mimic the effects of other banned illicit drugs but are not always controlled under drug legislation. NPS are typically marketed as “not for human consumption” and are instead labelled and sold as research chemicals in Poland to avoid legislative controls. One of the main NPS classes are hallucinogens. The present paper aims at providing an overview of two groups of psychedelic drugs – lysergamides and tryptamines, and determining their legislation status in Poland. Psychodysleptics have always been of interest to people who want to experiment with their senses and boundaries. They may show beneficial effects which, from a medical point of view indicate the possibility of using them in therapies. NPS that have been described in this paper: 1-Propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD), 6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (AL-LAD), 6-Ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (ETH-LAD), 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (4-HO-MET), 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT).
Źródło:: World Scientific News; 2018, 109; 245-262
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:: World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Nowe substancje psychoaktywne : katynon i jego pochodne
New psychoactive substances : cathinone and its derivatives
Autorzy:: Kurpet, Katarzyna
Chwatko, Grażyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172450.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:: katynon
alkaloidy
narkotyki
czuwaliczka jadalna
nowe substancje psychoaktywne
dopalacze
cathinone
alcaloids
drugs
khat
new psychoactive substances
designer drugs
Opis:: Cathinone is the major alkaloid found in the Catha edulis plant. The chemical structure of the cathinone is similar to amphetamine, and the difference in their structure is the presence of the ketone group in the beta side chain position. Synthetic derivatives belong to the novel group of psychoactive substances called “legal highs” or designer drugs. Synthetic cathinones are formed by modifications of the cathinone molecule consisting in the attachment of various substituents to the benzene ring and side chain and the use of a nitrogen atom to build the pyrrolidine ring. On this basis, these relationships can be divided into four main groups: N-alkylated, N-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-alkylated and 3,4- methylenedioxy-N-pyrrolidinyl derivatives [1-2]. The simplicity of the synthesis and the availability of substrates favors the continuous process of modifying the cathinone derivatives covered by legal control. Therefore, continuous improvement of cathinone detection methods is extremely important for forensic chemistry. Cathinones easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibiting the uptake of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin or noradrenaline, and increase their concentration in the synaptic cleft. This leads to increased monoaminergic transmission in the central as well as in the peripheral nervous system, which entails a number of adverse effects [3]. In this article we described the pharmacokinetics, postulated neurochemical mechanisms and pharmacological and toxicological effects of cathinones. The current legal status of cathinone derivatives and selected synthesis methods was also discussed. We believe these information contribute improving public health and safety.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2019, 73, 7-8; 461-489
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: New psychoactive substances. The phenomenon development and the institutional and legal mechanisms for its prevention
Autorzy:: Semków, Dorota
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451647.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:: new psychoactive substances
new drugs
smart
legal highs
herbal highs
boosters
prevention
legal regulations
criminogenic factors
Opis:: The phenomenon observed in many countries for many years is an attempt to bypass the law by launching psychoactive substances on the market whose possession and sale is not regulated by the existing drug law. The number of chemically and biologically modified substances is dramatically increasing and the substances themselves are increasingly stronger and threatening people’s health and lives. Issues relating to the occurrence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are the subject of increasingly in-depth analyses. In connection with the steadily increasing number of NPS and their substantial availability, there are more and more doubts about the effectiveness of the model adopted in earlier years in Europe and in individual countries, whose purpose is to subject new psychoactive substances to legal control. Based on the information presented in the article, one can assume that the reason for the development of new psychoactive substances to date was, on the one hand, the weakness of the legal regulations in force, both national and international, and on the other, specialized technical and chemical capabilities of manufacturers. Another thesis that can be put in the context of the studied subject is the statement that the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances has a high criminogenic susceptibility and is a decisively negative phenomenon, classified as the pathology of social life. In view of the above, the activities of prevention, detection and control of new psychoactive substances are important in the process of effective fight against NPS. The article does not constitute a comprehensive and complex overview of what NPS are. The aim of the study is a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of such substances, which will allow for a deeper understanding of the causes of such a wide scale of NPS, their diversity and ease of accessibility. Considering the above, the article attempts to stress the priority issues according to the article’s author and which are crucial in the process of universally understood NPS prevention – i.e. international cooperation, national legal regulations, and chemical analyses conducted in forensic laboratories.
Źródło:: Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 40, 1; 45-64
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Similarities and differences in changing NPS market brought by new regulatory approaches in selected Eastern and Central European states with mostly focus on Poland and Latvia
Autorzy:: Malczewski, Artur
Zīle-Veisberga, Agnese
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199399.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-06-30
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:: New Psychoactive Substances
Law on New Psychoactive Substances
post-communist countries
Opis:: The main objective of the paper is to explain, compare and conclude the effect on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market brought by new and innovative responses to regulate the NPS (mostly between 2010 and 2014) in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania. Countries where NPS problem reached the peak, the traditional response or simply substance scheduling did not work. Since the NPS do not fall under market regulations, also the response to the problem was innovative stepping out of the existing system (for example, temporary prohibition in Poland, Latvia). Moreover, a political and social pressure has been a factor to speed up the development of new regulations, sometime affecting the quality. Seemingly harsh sanctions and immediate reaction are main elements to close the NPS street shops. Meanwhile this approach hasn’t caused a step back for chemical industry or science. Still is open question if national regulations against NPS market are fully enough. NPS market reacts very quickly for changing and only very strong and fast reaction from the institutional level seems to be effectiveness. Although NPS market differs in each country, study shows that harsh sanctions such as criminal liability and immediate reaction significantly decrease the availability of NPS, and thus contribute in decreasing acute health problems and prevalence. It was observed that at the time when stricter measure came into force, hospital emergencies were increased (Poland, Romania and in same extent Latvia).
Źródło:: Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2019, 9, 2; 10-19
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Analytically confirmed presence of psychoactive substances, especially new psychoactive substances in a group of patients hospitalized with mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis
Autorzy:: Engelgardt, Piotr
Krzyżanowski, Maciej
Piotrowski, Przemysław
Borkowska-Sztachańska, Malgorzata
Wasilewska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085718.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-08-01
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:: THC
epidemiology
addiction
new psychoactive substances
opioids
amphetamine
Opis:: ObjectivesThe study assessed the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in comparison to “classic” drugs in the group of newly admitted patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis (section F11–19 according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsData from anamnesis and the blood and urine samples were collected from 116 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. All of them expressed written informed consent. Analytical confirmation was obtained by highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation.ResultsIn the sample, 108 (93%) of 116 were positive for psychoactive substances (including 96 cases where >1 substance was found), 69% of individuals were tested positive for opioids and 67% for benzodiazepines. Eleven (9%) of 116 patient samples were positive for NPS. We detected 7 different substances. Six of them were synthetic cannabinoids: PB-22, MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, AB-CHMINACA, MMB-FUBINACA, THJ-2201 and one synthetic cathinone 3-CMC.ConclusionsThe prevalence and NPS profile (the predominance of synthetic cannabinoids) are similar in the group of people with addiction to psychoactive substances as in populations of people taking recreational drugs and the overdose patients admitted to the hospital.
Źródło:: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 4; 485-495
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Characteristics of psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances (F11-19 block), with a focus on NPS and psychiatric co-morbidities
Autorzy:: Engelgardt, Piotr
Krzyżanowski, Maciej
Piotrowski, Przemysław
Borkowska-Sztachańska, Małgorzata
Wasilewska, Agnieszka
Kowalkowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116666.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-03-13
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:: addiction
epidemiology
psychoactive substances
drug users
new psychoactive substances
psychiatric comorbidity
Opis:: ObjectivesThis study analyzed the prevalence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) use in the analyzed group and compared demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between the 2 subgroups (NPS users, non-NPS users). The secondary measure was used to determine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in study group and to compare demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between 2 subgroups (the F11–19 only diagnosed group and the F11–19 group with psychiatric comorbidities according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsA 12-month retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records compiled for adult psychiatric patients who had been admitted to the Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, in October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 was conducted. After analyzing the available medical records, 157 cases were included and analyzed. Data for the study were collected in a specially designed monitoring card from discharge reports, including data from psychiatric examinations, especially anamnesis. Results: The most commonly declared psychoactive substances were amphetamine (AMF) – 54% and cannabinoids – 46%. The prevalence of NPS use in the study group was 34%. Inpatients taking NPS, as compared with non-NPS users, were younger and more often admitted to hospital through the Emergency Department. It was also found that NPS users more often took AMF or cannabinoids, and less frequently benzodiazepines (BDZ) or opioids. However, the taking of AMF, cannabinoids and BDZ was also age-dependent.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in the study group was 9%. Inpatients with psychiatric comorbidities were older and took BDZ significantly more often than AMF. In addition, NPS use affects different groups, including a specific group as the analyzed sample, which shows a similar NPS use profile as different groups described in the literature.
Źródło:: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 125-136
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Ewentualna przydatność procedur uniwersalnych w pracy z grupami podwyższonego ryzyka. Na przykładzie recepcji programu profilaktycznego „Smak życia, czyli debata o dopalaczach”
Usefulness of universal procedures at work with high-risk groups on the example of a reception of a preventive programme called “The Taste of Life: A Designer Drugs Debate”
Autorzy:: Wojcieszek, Krzysztof A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044132.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-06-15
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: prevention
high risk group
new psychoactive substances (NPS)
universal scenario
Opis:: Researchers of the behavior of adolescents from the so-called high-risk groups suggest that due to the high level of problem behaviors (e.g. drinking alcohol, smoking, drug use, violence) the most appropriate preventive work is the harm reduction approach, especially in the case of borderline behaviors such as alcohol use (Pisarska, Bobrowski, Greń, Ostaszewski, 2019: 343). Applying this type of strategy to illegal behavior such as drug use, especially NPS (the so-called legal highs) seems to be a bit more problematic. Meanwhile, the results of research on the reception (process evaluation) of the “Taste of Life Debate” preventive program scenario indicate that selected universal procedures, intended for young people with an average level of risk, can be successfully used in work with young people at risk, as long as they relate to behavior that is not normative in the social sense (such as using NPS). The work is a short comparison of evaluation results in the universal group and in the high-risk group.
Źródło:: Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2021, 33; 33-48
2300-391X
Pojawia się w:: Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Polityka walki z nowymi substancjami psychoaktywnymi NSP w Unii Europejskiej – aktualne problemy i wyzwania
Autorzy:: Jędrzejko, Mariusz Z.
Kasprzak, Kaja
Rewera, Mirosław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130915.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:: new psychoactive substances
legal highs
prevention
changes in law
politics
European Union
Opis:: In the paper the problem of new psychoactive substances has been undertaken, commonly referred to as legal highs (smarts). Their specificity, types, health problems were presented, which are generated by their use, and also prophylactic and legal solutions undertaken by selected countries of the Europe- an Union. Unfortunately, so far, common, consistent legislative solutions have not been developed in different European countries. The rules that apply, they concern the situation in individual countries, there are also many differences in the definition of these substances (legal highs) and the smarts’ problem, which also hinders the policy of fighting new psychoactive substances – new drugs, being even more dangerous to man’s health and life than traditional drugs.
Źródło:: Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2018, 2(29); 65-80
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:: Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed substance use patterns, drug market and drug response in Poland?
Autorzy:: Malczewski, Artur
Kidawa, Michał
Dalmata, Małgorzata
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195710.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-05-27
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:: Covid-19
drug use patterns
drugs market
new psychoactive substances
drug treatment
Polska
Opis:: The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of substance use. Moreover, the analysis will focus on the impact of the pandemic on the drug market and drug-related crime in Poland. The tested hypothesis assumes that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of substance use and the related problems, and that the availability of drugs decreased. The data presented and processed for the purposes of this publication come from the monitoring of drugs and drug addiction and from different studies from 2020 to 2022. The analyses presented in the article do not show an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the pandemic; furthermore, it is possible to indicate a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages in 2020. It seems that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a large impact on the availability and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The analysis of the drug market during the pandemic COVID-19 did not show a fall in the availability of drugs at the national level.
Źródło:: Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2022, 12, 1; 42-58
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Therapeutic Interventions for Addicts in Prisons
Oddziaływania terapeutyczne wobec osób z uzależnieniem w jednostkach penitencjarnych
Autorzy:: Piasecka, Małgorzata
Podolak, Emil
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763401.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:: new psychoactive substances
drugs
addiction
prison
therapy
interventions
nowe substancje psychoaktywne
narkotyki
uzależnienie
jednostki penitencjarne
terapia
interwencje
Opis:: Zjawisko uzależnienia od substancji psychoaktywnych, w tym tzw. dopalaczy, występuje wśród osób pozbawionych wolności. Brak oddziaływań terapeutycznych lub nieadekwatne oddziaływania skierowane do osób z uzależnieniem mogą stanowić czynniki ryzyka recydywy penitencjarnej. Dlatego ważne jest, aby działania prowadzone w tym zakresie opierały się na metodach udokumentowanych jako skuteczne. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań prowadzonych na podstawie analizy danych zastanych dotyczących programów terapeutycznych wdrażanych na oddziałach w jednostkach penitencjarnych i skierowanych do osób z uzależnieniem od substancji psychoaktywnych innych niż alkohol, w tym od nowych substancji psychoaktywnych. Wyniki badań koncentrują się na identyfikacji poszczególnych elementów programów wynikających z przyjętej ich struktury oraz poziomu uwzględnienia oddziaływań udokumentowanych jako skutecznie w terapii uzależnień. Wnioski i zalecenia wypływające z przeprowadzonych badań źródeł wtórnych pozwalają na wyprowadzenie rekomendacji dla doskonalenia praktyki penitencjarnej.
The phenomenon of drug addiction is prevalent among prisoners. The lack of therapeutic or adequate interventions for addicts can be a risk factor for recidivism. Therefore, it is important follow methods that have been documented as effective. The purpose of this article is to present the results of an analysis of foundational data on therapeutic programs conducted in prison wards and targeting drug addicts, including those addicted to new psychoactive substances. The results of the research focus on identifying individual elements of the programs resulting from their structure and the level of inclusion of interventions documented as effective in addiction therapy. The conclusions and recommendations from the desk research lead to recommendations for improving penitentiary practice.
Źródło:: Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana; 2023, 26, 2; 103-122
2450-5358
2450-5366
Pojawia się w:: Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Kontrolować czy nie, ale jeśli kontrolować, to w jaki sposób? Wyzwania związane ze zjawiskiem nowych substancji psychoaktywnych
To Control or Not, But If So, Then in What Manner? Challenges Associated with the Appearance of New Psychoactive Substances
Autorzy:: Krajewski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698628.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: kontrola
substancje psychoaktywne
control
psychoactive substances
Opis:: Definitions of drug offences must remain in agreement with the principle of nullumcrimen sine lege certa, which demands a precise definition of the subject of thesecrimes, namely illegal psychoactive substances. A basic legislative technique in thisregard is the creation of lists of controlled substances determined by annexes to theappropriate legal acts. Their advantage is precision, but the undoubted disadvantageis low elasticity. In the case of the appearance of a new psychoactive substance, itremains legal until it has been placed onto the appropriate list. This did not have muchsignificance when the market was dominated by well-known substances of natural orpolysynthetic character, and the appearance of new substances was rare. Already inthe 1970s, however, the phenomenon of purely synthetic substances began: so-calleddesigner drugs. They were often primarily created to avoid the existing system ofcontrol: sometimes small changes in the molecular chain of an illegal substance yieldeda new substance of similar psychoactive qualities that did not come under scrutiny.This phenomenon accelerated significantly in the 1990s. The phenomenon of so-callednew psychoactive substances (NPS) became a serious problem, specifically when theybegan to be offered for sale on a wider scale in special shops (so-called smart shops),or on the Internet as a legal equivalent of an illegal narcotic (so-called legal highs). Therace between legislators and chemists “inventing” more and more substances entereda new phase at that time.The answer for legislators in many countries of the world was so-called genericdefinitions, or analogue definitions, under which whole groups of substances cameunder control. However, in many countries these raise constitutional objections, due totheir partially-determined character. This is why the dominant method is still makinglists, which requires the phenomenon of ceaseless revision. Accompanying this isthe problem of evaluating the legitimacy of dispersing controls on new psychotropicsubstances that are provided for illegal narcotics. New psychoactive substances are mostoften poorly understood during the moment when a decision is being made about theirillegalisation: not much is clear about their psychoactive qualities, their potential tocause addiction (dependence potential), their acute toxicity, nor their chronic toxicity.This raises questions about the criteria used for making decisions about illegalisation:are these decisions based in reality on scientific evidence (evidence-based decisions), orare they also taken based on a precautionary principle. In the latter case, banning themis essentially of a political nature and is being done just in case.An example of a formalised procedure of risk assessment linked to new psychoactivesubstances is the European early warning system carried out under the supervision of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addition (EMCDDA). Therisk evaluation procedure begins with a technical report prepared by EMCDDA andEuropol, who must provide all scientific information on the subject of the givensubstance. A proper evaluation is performed by a broad scientific committee of theEMCDDA. In its report, the committee presents only the facts. On their basis, a finaldecision is taken by the European Commission. If they decide on the control option,member countries are obliged to add the substance to their national lists of controllednarcotics. Since the number of new psychoactive substances appearing in recent years hasrisen dramatically, this system has begun to reach the limits of its efficiency. Due tothis, even during the previous term of the European Parliament, work had begun ona new directive about the issue, the draft of which proposed abandoning the system ofdichotomous treatment of psychoactive substances as either illegal narcotics or as legalsubstances. It is to be replaced with a tripartite separation of psychoactive substancesinto those which present a low risk to health, society and safety (not subject to anylimiting measures), moderate risk (subject to bans on them entering the market, butnot controlled for research, medical or veterinary goals), and high risk (subject tocontrols designed for narcotics).The problem of new psychoactive substances, so-called legal highs, appeared inPoland on a wider scale around 2007-2008. The initial reaction of the legislature wasof a standard character and consisted of extending the lists of controlled substances.This was done in March 2009, June 2010, and April 2011. It was only in October 2010that new control mechanisms were introduced. Due to the concept of substitute drugs,“legal highs” were put under administrative controls differing from the control systemfor intoxicating agents and psychotropic substances. Eventually in July 2015, anotheramendment to legislation on the prevention of drug addiction, on the one hand,extended the list of intoxicating agents and psychotropic substances by another 114substances (consequently, the lists used in Poland now included 428 substances). Onthe other hand, it expanded new forms of control for these substances. Within thisframework, the Ministry of Health introduced a list of new psychoactive substancesin an annex to the regulations, which eases and speeds up the process of addingamendments. Sanctions associated with the illegal turnover of these substances havean administrative rather than criminal character and do not affect normal possession.Despite attempts to find an indirect way, the consequences of Polish politicstowards legal highs are quite paradoxical. Twice after extending the list of controlledsubstances (in June 2010 and July 2015), an increase appeared (a dramatic one in July2015) of poisoning attributed to legal highs. This was certainly a result of the marketreacting to illegalisation. It was due to the replacement of these newly-illegal substanceswith something often markedly more harmful.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2015, XXXVII; 5-50
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Używanie substancji psychoaktywnych jako przejaw zachowań ryzykownych młodzieży szkolnej
Psychoactive substance use as manifestation of youth risky behaviors
Autorzy:: Ostaszewski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499224.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Fundacja Dajemy Dzieciom Siłę
Tematy:: młodzież szkolna, zachowania ryzykowne, substancje psychoaktywne, alkohol, nikotyna, marihuana, leki uspokajające i nasenne, substancje lotne, dopalacze, rozpowszechnienie, trendy
school children, risky behaviors, psychoactive substances, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, sedatives, sleeping pills, solvents, new psychoactive substances, prevalence, trends
Opis:: Zachowania ryzykowne są nieodłączną częścią okresu dojrzewania. Podejmując ryzyko, młodzi ludzie uczą się samodzielności oraz zaznaczają swoją niezależność od rodziców i opiekunów. W ten sposób przygotowują się do zadań dorosłości. Z tych powodów na okres dojrzewania przypada największe nasilenie zachowań zagrażających zdrowiu i bezpieczeństwu młodych ludzi. Używanie substancji psychoaktywnych przez młodzież wiąże się z dużym ryzykiem zatruć, wypadków, urazów, uzależnień, zaburzeń psychicznych, konfliktów z prawem, problemów w relacjach z rodzicami oraz szkód rozwojowych. W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach europejskich, alkohol jest najbardziej rozpowszechnioną substancją psychoaktywną wśród młodzieży szkolnej. Na drugim miejscu znajduje się tytoń, na trzecim – marihuana, na czwartym – leki uspokajające i nasenne, a na piątym – substancje wziewne i dopalacze. W ostatnich kilkunastu latach w populacji 15-latków w Polsce spada nieco rozpowszechnienie wskaźników picia alkoholu i palenia papierosów oraz jednocześnie rośnie rozpowszechnienie używania marihuany. Na wysokim poziomie od lat znajduje się używanie przez polską młodzież leków psychoaktywnych i substancji wziewnych. Te tendencje w trendach używania substancji psychoaktywnych odzwierciedlają w dużym stopniu zmiany w społecznych postawach polskiego społeczeństwa wobec różnych rodzajów substancji psychoaktywnych.
Risky behaviors are an inherent part of adolescence. By taking risk young people learn how to gain self-determination and independence from parents and guardians. In this way they prepare themselves for adulthood’s tasks. For these reasons the prevalence of unhealthy and risky behaviors reaches its peak in adolescence. Youth psychoactive substance use is associated with high risk of intoxication, accidents, injuries, addiction, mental problems, problems with authorities and parents, and adverse effects for youth healthy development. In Poland, just as in many European countries, alcohol is the most prevalent psychoactive substance among school children. Nicotine is on the second place, marijuana takes third, sedatives and sleeping pills fourth, and solvents together with new psychoactive substance take fifth place. In recent years 15-year olds alcohol and cigarette use prevalence has been slightly declining while prevalence of marihuana use has been increasing. Prevalence of sedatives / sleeping pills and solvent use among Polish youth remains high for year. These tendencies in youth substance use trends largely reflect changes in Polish society attitudes towards different kinds of psychoactive substances.
Źródło:: Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka; 2017, 16, 1; 132-145
1644-6526
Pojawia się w:: Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Dopalacze – nowe zagrożenie zdrowia młodzieży
Smart drugs – a new threat to the adolescents’ health
Autorzy:: Kierus, Karolina
Nawrocka, Beata
Białokoz-Kalinowska, Irena
Piotrowska-Jastrzębska, Janina Danuta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030999.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Medical Communications
Tematy:: Internet
hallucinogens
poisoning
psychoactive substances
smart drugs
dopalacze
substancje psychoaktywne
halucynogeny
internet
zatrucie
Opis:: Smart drugs haven’t disappeared from Polish market and from young people’s live despite of becoming illegal in 2010. Today, the Internet offers to the teenagers at east eight Polish-language e-shops with cheap handling and shipping to Poland. Composition of the smart drugs is not fully recognized, because is constant changing. In offer we can find it as drought plants (such as Spice), tablets (party pills), powders. It is selling as a collectibles, not for human consumption. Smart drugs include both synthetic chemicals and powdered seeds or drought plants known as a strong psychostimulants or hallucinogens. It imitates the effect of taking popular drugs as marijuana, opium, amphetamine or ecstasy. Like other psychostimulants can cause addiction with long-term use, or can leads to experiment with “hard drugs”. In addition to stimulating, relaxing, hallucinogenic activities, smart drugs cause many side effects from both groups of mental and serious somatic disorders, can leads to serious disturbances of consciousness, arrhythmias or respiratory distress. The clinical diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and information of the unknown substance ingestion. Due to the lack of specific antidotes, the treatment is only symptomatic and supportive virtual functions. The psychological or psychiatric consultation is often needed.
Pomimo nowelizacji Ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii dopalacze nie zniknęły całkowicie z polskiego rynku i życia młodzieży, gdyż nadal dostępne są w sprzedaży wysyłkowej. Obecnie Internet proponuje młodemu człowiekowi przynajmniej osiem polskojęzycznych stron e-sklepów, oferujących tanią wysyłkę zamówionych towarów do Polski. Skład dopalaczy nie jest w pełni poznany, gdyż podlega stałej ewolucji. Postać, pod jaką występują, to najczęściej susze roślinne (typu Spice), tabletki (party pills), proszki, sprzedawane jako produkty kolekcjonerskie, nienadające się do spożycia przez ludzi. Zażywanie ich polega na paleniu w skrętach, lufkach, fajkach wodnych, przyjmowaniu doustnym oraz w inhalacjach donosowych. Zawierają one zarówno syntetyczne substancje chemiczne, jak i susze bądź sproszkowane nasiona roślin znanych z silnych działań psychostymulujących czy halucynogennych. Efekt działania dopalaczy imituje skutki zażycia popularnych narkotyków, takich jak: marihuana, opium, amfetamina czy ecstasy. Przy długotrwałym stosowaniu dopalacze, podobnie jak inne środki psychostymulujące, mogą powodować uzależnienie, a także być wstępem do eksperymentowania z tzw. twardymi narkotykami. Oprócz działań pobudzających, relaksujących, halucynogennych czy empatogennych powodują wiele działań niepożądanych zarówno z grupy zaburzeń psychicznych, jak też istotnych zaburzeń somatycznych, prowadzących nawet do poważnych zaburzeń świadomości, zaburzeń oddychania czy napadów drgawkowych bezpośrednio zagrażających życiu. Rozpoznanie kliniczne zatrucia dopalaczami ustala się na podstawie objawów klinicznych oraz wywiadu wskazującego na zażycie nieznanej substancji. Z uwagi na brak swoistych odtrutek leczenie pozostaje jedynie objawowe, ma podtrzymywać podstawowe czynności życiowe. Wskazane jest przeprowadzenie konsultacji psychologicznej i/lub psychiatrycznej, a w uzasadnionych przypadkach skierowanie na leczenie odwykowe.
Źródło:: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna; 2011, 7, 4; 356-360
1734-1531
2451-0742
Pojawia się w:: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Analiza chemiczna ścieków jako nowy sposób monitorowania stosowania narkotyków i leków w miejscu pracy
Chemical analysis of wastewater as a new way of monitoring drugs and medicines consumption at workplace
Autorzy:: Wiergowski, Marek
Sołtyszewski, Ireneusz
Sein Anand, Jacek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164368.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015-12-15
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:: substancje psychoaktywne
używanie narkotyków
badanie w miejscu pracy
analiza ścieków
nadużywanie leków
analiza materiału biologicznego
psychoactive substances
narcotics usage
workplace drug testing
sewage analysis
medicines misuse
biological material analysis
Opis:: Informacje, które można uzyskać na temat jakości i częstości stosowanych przez pracowników nielegalnych substancji psychoaktywnych lub leków używanych niezgodnie z ich przeznaczeniem, są najczęściej nieaktualne już w chwili ich opublikowania. Wynika to z intensywnego wprowadzania na czarny rynek nowych, syntetycznych narkotyków, zmiany trendów w rekreacyjnym stosowaniu leków oraz braku łatwo dostępnych i pewnych testów służących do ich szybkiej identyfikacji. Strategia wykrywania stosowania narkotyków i pozamedycznego stosowania psychoaktywnych leków w miejscu pracy powinna uwzględniać wszystkie możliwe źródła informacji. Do klasycznych źródeł informacji opisujących stosowanie substancji psychoaktywnych w miejscu pracy należą: dane statystyczne (ogólne informacje na temat trendów i wielkości zjawiska narkomanii i lekomanii gromadzone m.in. przez Komendę Główną Policji, Krajowe Biuro Do Spraw Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii oraz jednostki ratownictwa medycznego), badania ankietowe, testy psychomotoryczne oraz analizy jakościowe i ilościowe materiału biologicznego. Do nowych i obiecujących metod stosowanych w ostatnich latach na świecie należy analiza chemiczno-toksykologiczna wód powierzchniowych i ścieków. Zwiększenie zainteresowania wielu instytucji państwowych i naukowców badaniem ścieków komunalnych może w istotny sposób uzupełniać wiedzę o zjawisku narkomanii i lekomanii uzyskiwaną klasycznymi metodami. Wydaje się, że takie badanie może mieć istotne znaczenie w bieżącym monitorowaniu używania substancji psychoaktywnych i/lub leków przez wybrane subpopulacje ludzi (np. studentów, wojskowych, strażaków, policjantów itd.). Med. Pr. 2015;66(6):837–847
The available information on the quality and frequency of illegal psychoactive substances used or medicines misused by workers, are often out of date at the time of its publication. This is due to the dynamic introduction of new synthetic drugs on the black market, changes in trends in the recreational use of medicines and the lack of readily available and reliable tests for fast identification. Strategy for detection of narcotic and non-medical psychoactive drugs use at workplace should embrace all possible sources of information. Classical sources of information on the use of psychoactive substances at the workplace include: statistical data (general information on trends and magnitude of drug and medicine addiction collected by the Polish National Police, the National Bureau for Drug Prevention and emergency medical services), surveys, psychomotor tests and qualitative and quantitative analyses of biological material. Of the new and promising methods, used throughout the world in recent years, chemical-toxicological analysis of surface water and wastewater deserve special mention. An increasing interest in the study of urban waste water can significantly complement the source of knowledge about drug and medicine addiction using obtainable conventional methods. In recent years, a municipal wastewater analysis has become a new and very promising way of collecting updated information on the use of psychoactive substances and medicines. It seems that this kind of study may play an important role in the ongoing monitoring of drug and/or medicines use by selected groups of population (e.g., students, military, firemen, policemen, etc.). Med Pr 2015;66(6):837–847
Źródło:: Medycyna Pracy; 2015, 66, 6; 837-847
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:: Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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