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Tytuł:
Cmentarzysko ludności kultury oksywskiej (stan. 29) oraz osada wielokulturowa (stan. 42) w Czarnowęsach, pow. białogardzki
Oksywie culture cemetery (site 29) and multicultural settlement (site 42) at Czarnowęsy, Białogard district
Autorzy:
Durdyń, Grzegorz
Machajewski, Henryk
Rogalski, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2092172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
cmentarzysko
osada
Pomorze Zachodnie
kultura łużycka
kultura oksywska
wczesne średniowiecze
cemetery
settlement
Western Pomerania
Lusatian culture
Oksywie culture
Early Medieval Period
Opis:
W 1987 roku przeprowadzono badania wykopaliskowe cmentarzyska i osady w Czarnowęsach, pow. białogardzki (stan. 29 i 42). W obrębie nekropoli odsłonięto 39 obiektów archeologicznych, w tym 35 grobów ciałopalnych kultury oksywskiej, jedną jamę wczesnośredniowieczna oraz trzy obiekty nieokreślone. Cmentarzysko (stan. 29) datowane jest ceramiką na fazę A3 młodszego okresu przedrzymskiego. Na osadzie (stan. 42) wyróżniono osadnictwo kultury łużyckiej datowane na schyłek epoki brązu, kultury oksywskiej z fazy A3 młodszego okresu przedrzymskiego oraz wczesnośredniowieczne (IX–X wiek).
In 1987, excavation research was carried out at a settlement and a cemetery at Czarnowęsy, Białogard district, sites 29 and 42. In total, 39 features were recovered, including 35 Oksywie culture cremations, one early medieval pit, and three features of unknown origin. The cemetery was dated using pottery to phase A3 of the younger pre-Roman period. Site 42, the settlement, was inhabited by people of the Lusatian culture, dating to the end of the Bronze Age, the Oksywie culture from phase A3 of the younger pre-Roman period, and early medieval (the 9th–10th century).
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2021, 17; 11-53
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe znalezisko wczesnośredniowiecznego grotu włóczni z Lubienia, pow. piotrkowski
A New Find of an Early Medieval Spearhead from Lubień, Piotrków Trybunalski County
Autorzy:
Kurasiński, Tomasz
Skóra, Kalina
Ziętek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-20
Wydawca:
Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:
Polska centralna
cmentarzysko
wczesne średniowiecze
grot włóczni
Lubień
early Middle Ages
cemetery
spearhead
central Poland
Opis:
W listopadzie 2020 roku do zbiorów Muzeum w Piotrkowie Tryb. został przekazany przez mieszkańca wsi Lubień, gm. Rozprza wczesnośredniowieczny grot włóczni. Zabytek został odkryty na leśnym dukcie (Ryc. 1) w odległości 900 m na północny-wschód od centrum cmentarzyska w Lubieniu. Stan zachowania grotu jest zły. Zabytek znajdował się tuż przy powierzchni gruntu. Jego lokalizacja w tym miejscu jest być może związana z pracami ziemnymi z 1970 r., podczas których doszło do odkrycia i częściowego zniszczenia centralnej części nekropolii w Lubieniu (Ryc. 2). Zniszczono wówczas około 35% powierzchni cmentarza, związanej – jak wynika z analizy przestrzenno-chronologicznej – z fazą inicjalną całego założenia grzebalnego (z 1 ćwierci XI w.). Żelazny grot włóczni ma lancetowaty liść, w przekroju poprzecznym płasko-soczewkowaty (Ryc. 4). Żeberko jest lekko wyodrębnione i widoczne tylko z jednej strony liścia, co może być spowodowane korozją, podobnie jak w przypadku przykrawędnych ubytków liścia. Tuleja grotu o przekroju sześciokątnym, choć nie jest to cecha wyraźnie zarysowana równomiernie zwęża się ku górze i została połączona „na zakładkę”. Jej dolna krawędź uległa częściowemu zniszczeniu. Nie stwierdzono otworów na nity. Omawiany grot włóczni reprezentuje typ IV w klasyfikacji A. Nadolskiego (1954). Obejmuje on okazy średnich rozmiarów (nieprzekraczających 30 cm długości, często krótszych – poniżej 20 cm), krępe, o stosunkowo długiej tulei. Dolne krawędzie sercowatego liścia są zatępione na krótkim odcinku. Groty tego rodzaju prawdopodobnie służyły w walce przeciwko przeciwnikowi nieposiadającemu osłony ciała. Wykazywały się niewielką siłą penetracji, rekompensowaną znaczną powierzchnią rażącą. W identyfikacji grotów typu IV typu można posłużyć się proporcją maksymalnej szerokości liścia do jego długości, która nie powinna być większa niż 1:2. Groty włóczni typu IV są rzadko (30 egz.) notowane na terenie ziem polskich. Okazy o takiej formie znane są głównie z cmentarzysk, przede wszystkim z XI w., ewentualnie jeszcze na początku XII w. Grupują się one w przede wszystkim na terenie Mazowsza, zwłaszcza jego północnej części (Ryc. 5). Niewielkie skupisko wyznaczają cztery okazy znane z Wielkopolski, zaś na pozostałym obszarze występują tylko pojedyncze znaleziska (Kujawy, Polska centralna, Małopolska). Groty typu IV sporadycznie notowane są także poza Polską. Można wskazać na XI- wieczne (rzadziej z XI-XII w.) przykłady z dawnej Rusi i wschodniej części basenu Morza Bałtyckiego. Nieco liczniej występowały one na terenie północnych Niemiec, zwłaszcza w Meklemburgii-Pomorze Przednie i Szlezwik-Holsztyn. Przyjmując, że pierwotnie odkryty grot włóczni stanowił element wyposażenia jednego ze zniszczonych grobów odkrytych w 1970 roku możemy mówić o kolejnym kroku do odzyskania utraconych wówczas materiałów. Daje to nadzieję na dalsze odkrycia, czemu służyć ma planowana prospekcja rejonu cmentarzyska.
In November 2020, an early medieval spearhead was donated to the Museum in Piotrków Trybunalski by an inhabitant of the village of Lubień, Piotrków Trybunalski County. The artefact was discovered on a forest trackway (Fig. 1), 900 m to the north-east from the center of the early medieval cemetery at Lubień. The relic was located close to the ground surface. Its localization in this place is probably connected with earthworks from 1970, during which the central part of the Lubień necropolis was discovered and partially destroyed (Fig. 2). Approximately 35% of the cemetery area was destroyed, which, according to a spatial-chronological analysis, is connected with the initial phase of the whole burial complex (1st quarter of the 11th century). The iron spearhead has a lanceolate leaf, flat-oblong in cross section; it preserved in poor condition (Fig. 3). The rib is slightly marked and only visible on one side of the leaf, which may be due to corrosion, as is the case with the edge loss. The hexagonal spearhead sleeve, although not a clearly defined attribute uniformly tapers upward and was joined “overlapping”. Its edge is partially destroyed. No rivet holes were registered. The discussed spearhead represents type IV in the classification by A. Nadolski (1954). This type includes medium-sized specimens (not exceeding 30 cm in length, often shorter than 20 cm), spiny, with a relatively long sleeve. The lower edges of the heart-shaped leaf are blunted on a short section. The spearheads of this type were probably used in combat against an opponent without body armour They showed little penetrating power, compensated by a considerable striking surface. In the identification of type IV spearheads the ratio of the maximum width of the leaf to its length can be used, which should not be greater than 1:2. Type IV spearheads are infrequently in Poland (30 pcs.). Specimens of this form are known mainly from cemeteries, mainly used in the 11th century, possibly even from the beginning of the 12th century. They are concentrated mainly in Masovia, especially in its northern part (Fig. 4). A small group forms four specimens from Greater Poland, while in the remaining area there are only single finds (Kuyavia, central Poland, Lesser Poland). Type IV spearheads are also sporadically found outside of Poland. There are examples from the 11th century (less frequently also from the 11th–12th century) from medieval Ruthenia and the eastern part of the Baltic Sea Basin. They were slightly more numerous in northern Germany, especially in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. Assuming that the spearhead came from one of the graves destroyed in 1970, we can talk about another step towards the recovery of materials lost at that time. This gives hope for further discoveries, which will be possible thanks to the planned prospecting of the cemetery area.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2021, LXXII, 72; 200-206
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rów i obiekty osadnicze w obrębie średniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Cedyni (stan. 2)
Ditch and settlement features within the medieval cemetery at Cedynia (site 2)
Autorzy:
Porzeziński, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-27
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Western Pomerania
Cedynia
cemetery
Middle Ages
12th–14th century
Pomorze Zachodnie
cmentarzysko
średniowieczne
XII–XIV wiek
Opis:
The article presents settlement features: pits, hearths and a ditch, located in the north-western and western part of the medieval cemetery at Cedynia (site 2), cooccurring with inhumation burials. These features can be dated to the 12th–14th century.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2018, 14; 127-154
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne w Gieczu, stan. 10. Wstępne wyniki badań
Early medieval cemetery in Giecz, site. 10. Preliminary research results
Autorzy:
Miciak, Magda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532006.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Giecz
wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko szkieletowe
XI–XIII w.
early medieval inhumation cemetery
eleventh-thirteenth centuries
Opis:
Discovered in 2013, the inhumation cemetery in Giecz, site 10, is the fourth funeral site related to the early medieval settlement complex that developed around one of the principal stronghold centres of the first Piast site. The cemetery is located about 500m north-west of the stronghold, near an early medieval settlement discovered during surface research in 1928. During three excavation seasons (2014–2016), 55 burials and several dozen settlement features from the period preceding the establishment of the cemetery were discovered and excavated at the site. In general, the graves were oriented along an east-west axis, forming a row system characteristic of early medieval cemeteries. The burial pits were distinct, mostly rectangular, with rounded corners, of varying dimensions. In a few cases, traces of wood were observed. These were interpreted as a formwork or a wooden construction framing the grave or a specific widening of a burial pit suggesting a remnant of the bier. The deceased were placed in an extended supine position, their heads mostly to the west, with arms folded along the body or on the pelvis. These rules were not always respected in the case of the graves of small children, but also several adults were positioned differently in graves (with the head facing east, flexed on the side or with the hand on the abdomen or the chest). Most of the burials were single, but a double grave was also discovered, in which a small child was later interred into in the grave of an adult woman. Grave goods were recovered from 31 burials. They were mainly everyday items (knives, buckets with iron rings, spindles or fragments of combs), coins and ornaments, among which noteworthy are two necklaces consisting of glass beads and semi-precious stones found in children’s graves. A very preliminary analysis of the grave goods (the excavated artefacts have not yet been subject to conservation) suggests that the cemetery functioned between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries. Excavations at Giecz, site 10, are going to be continued under a research programme implemented by the Archaeological Reserve in Giecz in cooperation with the Slavia Foundation.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2017, 16; 39-59
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka. Seasons 2014–2015. Appendix: Islamic cemetery at Kom el-Dikka in Alexandria: research in the 2014 and 2015 excavation seasons
Autorzy:
Majcherek, Grzegorz
Kulicka, Emanuela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1707588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Alexandria
Kom el-Dikka
medieval/Islamic cemetery
baths
portico
conservation
Opis:
The Polish–Egyptian mission at Kom el-Dikka, ran by the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, stepped up the already advanced preservation processes aimed at establishing an Archaeological Park at the site. Conservation work was carried out in the theater portico, the bath complex and the residential quarter of late Roman date in the eastern part of the excavation area. In turn, the western part was the focus of archaeological research centered on the exploration of some late Roman structures located underneath. The early medieval/Islamic cemetery overlying these remains was explored first. A detailed report from this work is appended to this article. The human skeletal remains from the cemetery were examined by anthropologists. The western gate to the bath complex, leading from the theater portico, was fully exposed. Finds from present and earlier work at the site continued to be studied: glass vessels, pottery, lamps, bone objects, painted wall plaster, and a vast collection of coins.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2016, 25; 33-52
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kom el-Dikka 2014: human bones from Area U
Autorzy:
Mahler, Robert
Okularczyk, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1706237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
bioarchaeology
anthropology
medieval
Islamic
cemetery
Kom el-Dikka
Alexandria
Egypt
Opis:
Archaeological excavations of the medieval Islamic burial ground in the northern part of area U on the Kom el-Dikka site in Egyptian Alexandria, carried out from 2012 to 2014, yielded a total of 98 graves. Of these, 75 contained human skeletal remains. The minimum number of individuals (MNI) was 156. The article presents preliminary studies on this sample. The scope of the investigation was limited, however, owing to the poor state of preservation of the bone material.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2016, 25; 64-86
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Naprom, Powiat Ostróda (Gross Nappern, Kr. Osterode) wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko w świetle danych archiwalnych
Naprom, Ostróda county (Gross Nappern, Kr. Osterode). The Cemetery from the Early Medieval Period in the Light of Archival Data
Autorzy:
Wadyl, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
wczesne średniowiecze
Prusowie
pogranicze mazowiecko-pruskie
obrządek pogrzebowy
cmentarzyska
archiwalia
Carl Engel
Early Medieval Period
Old Prussians
Polish-Masovian borderland
burial
customs
cemeteries
archival sources
Opis:
The cemetery discovered in the village of Naprom, Ostróda County (former Gross Nappern, Kr. Osterode) is not known in the archaeological literature. Contemporary knowledge of the necropolis comes from the article: Prussians in the early Middle Ages and the outline of their material culture. The content can be inferred that the discovered site was a vast necropolis, within which a large number of sepulchral objects were uncovered. Some information about the discovery can be found in the articles by C. Engel published in the daily press in the 1930s. (Königsberger Stadtspiegel, Johannisburger Zeitung). During the archival inquiry carried out in the Archäologisches Landesmuseum Schloss Gottdorf in Schleswig (the so-called Rudolf Grenz’s files) and the Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Berlin (the archives of the former Prussia-Museum) interesting unpublished materials concerning the burial ground in Gross Nappern were found. During his journey in Ostróda and Lidzbark county in 1931 Carl Engel carried out a trial excavation. In the trench two cremation graves covered with stone constructions were discovered. The potsherds were the only artifacts found in the graves (on the basis of the description these can be dated back to the 11th – 1st half of 13th c.). The owner of the grounds, where the graves were discovered reported that in the vicinity of the excavated graves there used to be a barrow (it was destroyed around 1905, and the stones from the mound were used during the construction of the barn). That was the reason why C. Engel came back to the village of Naprom to excavate the destroyed barrow.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2016, 291, 1; 3-10
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Islamic necropolis at Kom el-Dikka in Alexandria: research in the 2010–2013 seasons
Autorzy:
Kulicka, Emanuela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1729267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Alexandria
medieval cemetery
Islamic necropolis
funerary stelae
Opis:
Exploration of the Islamic burial ground at the Kom el-Dikka site in Alexandria continued from the 2010 through the 2013 seasons, uncovering more graves in different sectors: in area U (northwestern part of the site) tombs from the Upper (11th and 12th century) and Middle (9th/10th century) phases of the cemetery and in area CW from the Upper and Lower (8th/9th century) phases. The present text is a basic report of the finds and observations made in the course of the season.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2015, 24(1); 62-72
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opracowanie antropologiczne szczątków ludzkich z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska rzędowego w Gołuniu, stan. 23/24, woj. wielkopolskie
An Anthropological Analysis of Human Remains from the Early Medieval Row Cemetery in Gołuń, Site 23/24, the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Gołuń
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
rzędowe
osteologia
paleopatologia
paleodemografia
Early Medieval cemetery
row cemetery
osteology
palaeopathology
palaeodemography
Opis:
The Early Medieval cemetery in Gołuń is archaeologically dated to the period from the end of the 10th c. to the mid-11th c. (Małgorzata Talarczyk-Andrałojć in this volume). The span of use of the cemetery was about 50 years. In the nearest neighbourhood there is no other uncovered and examined cemetery from this period. Only in the second half of the 11th c. did two cemeteries in a close vicinity commence to exist next to each other — Dziekanowice Site 2 and Dziekanowice Site 22. Both are situated on the eastern coast of Lake Lednica (to the north, c. 10 km from Gołuń). The anthropological analysis first of all concerned the age and sex assessment (of adult individuals) (Table 1), the structure of deaths for the examined cemetery (Table 2) and the reconstruction of intravital body height, done individually for each adult individual (Table 5; Table 6). Based on measurements of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs, the average intravital body height of the examined individuals was reconstructed. It was found that the inhumation burials and stray human bones belong to no less than 54 individuals. The bones of 5 individuals were found in 2007, while the bones of another 49 individuals were discovered in 2011 (Table 1). The group of children’s burials was composed of 10 skeletons (or skeleton fragments). Among these, 7 died at the age of Infans I, while three — at the age of Infans II (for one individual the age was assessed as 13–15 years, i.e., the end of Infans II and the beginning of Juvenis). 4 burials were classified as juvenile persons (the age of Juvenis): 3 of these were female burials and 1 was a male burial. 13 individuals died at the age of Adultus: 3 females and 10 males. Yet another burial was that of a woman who died at the age of Adultus–Maturus. 13 individuals died at the age of Maturus: 4 females and 9 males. One man died at the age of Maturus–Senilis. 7 persons: 3 females and 4 males died at the age of Senilis. Gender was assessed for 39 adult or juvenile individuals. 14 female individuals and 25 male individuals were isolated. For 5 individuals their age was assessed as “Adult” (Table 2). The state of health of the examined group can be assessed, with some approximation, on the basis of the changes which have come into existence in the bones [Gładykowska-Rzeczycka, Sokół 2000]. In the group of analysed skeletons, lesions of disease were found within 34 skeletons (Table 1), more often in male than female ones (22:10). Two skeletons with recorded lesions of disease belonged to children (Table 1). The bone material was measured using the anthropometric technique. Individual results for each person are offered in the Tables. A poor state of preservation of the bone material rendered most measurements impossible. The obtained results of intravital body height, separately for women and men, were compared with data for various Early Medieval skeleton series from the territory of Poland. The average height of female individuals (157.9 cm) and male individuals (169.3 cm) buried in the cemetery in Gołuń displays the greatest similarity to a series from Dziekanowice 2 (women 157.0 cm, men 170.1 cm) [Henneberg, Puch 1989: Table 7, p. 153]. We can assume that the group buried in the cemetery in Gołuń was remarkable for their considerable body heights. These values are higher than the average value of this trait in the Early Middle Ages in Poland (men — 165.7 cm, women — 153.6 cm) [Stolarczyk, Lorkiewicz 1993]. Thus, the body height of individuals from this population was above the average in this period. Thanks to the detailed anthropological analysis of the examined bone remains, it was possible to carry out a reconstruction of mortality processes in the group from Gołuń. The distribution of mortality of the examined group (Table 9) diverged from the mortality model which is typical for prehistoric populations [Henneberg, Strzałko 1975; Piontek 1979]. What is absent are evenly distributed frequencies of mortality of the adult individuals, and the frequency of mortality of children too is low (18.5%). If one assumes, however, that this is a reflection of the actual mortality conditions in the examined group, it would be necessary to state that the group from Gołyń does not significantly differ from other groups from the territory of Poland in terms of their biological condition. Differences in values of individual measures, i.e., the percentage of individuals who lived until the age of x (lx), the probability of death (qx), and the average further continuation of life of an individual at the age of x (eo x) (Table 9 and 11), confirm the observations of Janusz Piontek [1979] on the considerable diversification of biological conditions of local groups in historical periods. The anthropological analysis of even such a small and poorly preserved group can be a valuable contribution to the reconstruction of the structure and the age of the dead and the reconstruction of the biostructure of this population. Based on the nature of the changes, we are able to say that in spite of the fact that in a majority of cases the dead suffered from childhood diseases related to periodical malnutrition, they belonged to a “wealthy” group, whose living conditions were at least good. The adult population rather suffered from diseases progressing with age than from too onerous physical labour.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2015, 14; 177-237
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnopiastowskie cmentarzysko rzędowe w Gołuniu, gm. Pobiedziska, woj. wielkopolskie
The Early Medieval Row Cemetery in Gołuń, the Pobiedziska Commune, the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Andrałojć, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Gołuń
cmentarzysko rzędowe
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
cmentarzysko wczesnopiastowskie groby wojowników
topór typu M
paciorki mozaikowe
row cemetery
Early Medieval cemetery
Early Piast cemetery
warrior graves
Type M axe
mosaic beads
Opis:
This work discusses the results of rescue excavations in the Early Medieval row cemetery in Gołuń, the Pobiedziska Commune. 17 ares were examined, out of which the necropolis took up the area of 13.21 ares. Prehistoric and Late Medieval finds were also recorded in the cemetery. The cemetery in Gołuń is situated in the Gniezno Lake District, in an area which is pretty diversified with regard to its hypsometry. There are a few more prominent rises of terrain, and one of these, located near a small watercourse, was occupied by the examined necropolis (Fig. 1). All immovable features and finds related to the cemetery were discussed in detail in the catalogue. The catalogue is divided into two principal parts — one of which contains descriptions of graves, including those preserved in situ and destroyed, while the other iscusses the remaining features found within the necropolis: empty grave pits and bonfires. All the graves contained inhumation burials and the dead were buried directly at the bottom of grave pits (perhaps in one case the body was covered with bog soil). 42 graves in situ containing one burial in each were discovered. Further discoveries included 1 grave with the remains of 2 persons as well as bones belonging to 10 individuals, which came from destroyed graves. Almost all out of the 44 burials which were not destroyed were located along the E–W axis or with some deviation to the N and S from it, according to the alignment of the grave pits. The arrangement of skeletons from two graves (24 and 38) which are aligned along the N–E axis is at variance with this principle. Furthermore, these two graves disturb the row arrangement of the cemetery. On the other hand, one can see some sort of regularity for the cemetery in Gołuń, as women were deposited with their heads to the west and men — with their heads to the east. The anthropological analysis demonstrates that most of the dead were men (26 persons — c. 48%), while the women were buried in 14 graves (nearly 26%). Persons whose sex was not assessed constituted about 26% altogether, including children. The nature of the grave inventories (recorded in c. 61.5% of graves) and the co-occurrence of given funds were analysed (Tables 1–2). Deformations of bone materials (e.g., a successful skull trepanation was recorded) as well as the stratigraphy of this basically single-layer cemetery are also discussed. In the work an analysis of all the portable finds discovered in the cemetery was carried out. 3 groups of finds were isolated: artefacts and tools of daily use (knives — 17 items in the graves and 1 in a secondary deposit; a bronze fitting of a leather knife sheath, vessels — 4 in the graves, 1 in the top of an empty grave pit, 1 in a secondary deposit; 2 staved buckets with iron rims; 4 phyllite whetstones; 1 double fire striker; an iron hoof; a clay spindle whorl, an iron awl and 4 artefacts with unclear functions), weaponry (a Type M iron axe and two pairs of spurs belonging to Type I:2 according to Hilczerówna, including one with a pair of buckles) and ornaments (2 silver temple rings; 2 necklaces having 9 beads each — Tab. 3, including 2 mosaic beads; a bronze bell-shaped pendant) and a single find — a silver clump. Concerning other features discovered in the area of the cemetery in Gołuń, 5 features were classified as unused grave pits based on their formal traits, while one of these may have been a cenotaph (a vessel was found in the top of this feature). Another two features — bonfires, which did not disturb graves but overlapped them — are believed to have been related to post-funeral ceremonies. C14 dating (AD 985–1043, cf. Fig. 21) demonstrates that the functioning of the cemetery in Gołuń should be dated to between the late 10th and the mid-11th c. This is also coherent with the results of a typological-chronological analysis of the discovered finds: such as first of all the Type M axe (finds from Greater Poland are dated to the first half of the 11th c.), Type I iron spurs (chiefly dated to the 10th-mid-11th c. in Central and Northern Europe), and a silver bead taken from an earring of Type Świątki, which were in use from the mid- 10th to the late 11th c., or perhaps only to the mid-11th c. Two glass polyhedral mosaic beads with a few groups of “eyelets,” probably coming from Scandinavia or Rus’, are dated to about 1000 and they belong to artefacts with a more precise chronology among those found in the “Gołuń” necropolis. Both temple rings found in the cemetery are dated to between c. the mid-10th c. and the early (?) 13th c. However, their small dimensions (Variant A according to Kóčka-Krenz) rather suggest the first half of this period. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of clay vessels of the Type Menkendorf-Szczecin and Type Vipperov demonstrate that we are dealing with partially slow-wheel made forms which became obsolete and the occurrence of fully slow-wheel made vessels. Therefore, it is justified to propose the first half of the 11th c. as the chronology for the pottery finds. Phyllite whetstones have one quality which confirms the assumed chronology of the cemetery, as in the Baltic Sea zone they have been most commonly discovered among finds from the 10th–11th c. Bronze bell-shaped pendants and staved buckets with iron rims are most often recorded in Poland in necropolises dated to the 10th/11th–11th c. The remaining artefacts, such as the fire striker, the hoof, some other types of beads and the bronze fitting of the leather sheath of a knife, although having a broader chronology, are also discovered in grave inventories which are contemporary to the cemetery in Gołuń. Furthermore, the fittings of knife sheaths with extended upper parts (as it is the case with the Gołuń find) occurred already in finds from early phases in Birka. The sparse stratigraphic relations between the graves, their low number and the relatively small area of the necropolis also suggest that it was in use for a rather short period of time. The necropolis in Gołuń belongs to a type of Early Medieval row cemeteries, which were not located next to churches. It is possible to isolate two zones of this burial ground. The main one — the southern, western and northern parts — consisted of 4 rows, running from the north to the south. However, the arrangement of some parts (especially the central one) is disturbed (Fig. 5). The cemetery with such a spatial layout is adjoined from the south-east by a much smaller cluster of 17 graves (2–3 rows), some of them overlapping each other. Within these two main parts of the necropolis one could make an attempt at isolating smaller units of division. This brings some order and reveals a better spatial organization of the cemetery in Gołuń. This is a hypothetical division, as no traces of fences were recorded in the course of excavation works. When analysing the positions of the graves in the cemetery in Gołuń one can isolate as many as 10 such smaller zones/quarters, which were marked with Roman letters from I to X (Fig. 22). The central part of the necropolis in Gołuń is taken up by Quarter I, with dimensions of c. 8 × 10 m. Only 4 graves were located in it, but they stand out with regard to their grave furnishings. In an empty square which can be seen in the centre of the southern part of the cemetery in Gołuń, no remains were discovered, which could imply an existence of any structure fulfilling a role of a sacral building, e.g., a small wooden church or a cemetery chapel. On the basis of the number of discovered graves and taking the data on destroyed burials into consideration, one can suppose that the cemetery was used by a small local community for some dozen years. Among the finds which were recorded together with the burials of the dead, one’s attention is attracted to grave goods which testify to the formation of a group of warriors, related to the Early Piast monarchy — which was coming into existence at that time. There is no doubt that two women buried with necklaces composed of 9 beads each, belonged to the group of wealthier members of the community using the necropolis. The knife in a leather sheath which is fitted with a bronze sheet with rich ornamentation, which was found in Grave 30, should also be regarded as a luxurious artefact. The analysis of the Archaeological Record of Poland’s research results, demonstrated that the cemetery is situated on the edge of an area which was used in an enormously intensive manner in the Early Middle Ages. The cemetery in Gołuń was probably one of the burial grounds which were used by this broader community, inhabiting the mentioned settlements.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2015, 14; 15-176
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiadro obite blaszanymi okuciami z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Glinnie
Autorzy:
Kurasiński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
early medieval cemetery
buckets
grave goods
Piast State
Opis:
An early medieval plank bucket was discovered in grave no. 18 in a grave field in Glinn, Sieradz county. Possibly, the bucket was manufactured by local artisans as a result of borrowing foreign patterns and techniques. In the grave, its role most probably was to emphasise the social status of the deceased as it was probably his personal property.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2015, 56; 197-214
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kto się nie leni, zrobi złoto z kamieni – osełki w grobach wczesnego średniowiecza
Kto się nie leni, zrobi złoto z kamieni77 – whetstones in early medieval graves
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, Anna
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
wczesne średniowiecze
cmentarzysko
osełki
wyposażenie grobowe
Dziekanowice
Early Middle Ages
cemetery
whetstones
grave goods
Opis:
1Since the dawn of history humans have been interested in using stones for a variety of purposes. The use of rocks and stones as shelters, building material or resource for the production of tools or weapons is a cultural phenomenon. One of the categories of stone objects recorded in graves at early medieval cemeteries includes whetstones. The present study is devoted to whetstones registered in graves at the cemetery at Dziekanowice, site 22 (gmina Łubowo, województwo wielkopolskie). This early medieval necropolis is located on the east shore of Lake Lednica in the direct vicinity of one of the major stronghold centres of the Piast dynasty. The stronghold itself is situated on Ostrów – an island on Lake Lednica. Out of 1585 skeletal graves recorded in situ at the studied cemetery, 847 (53.4%) burials contained altogether 1868 objects considered as grave deposits. In the group of those artifacts were 28 whetstones found in 27 graves (one grave contained 2 whetstones), which account for 3.2 percent of the total number of burials with equipment. In addition, 7 whetstones were recorded loosely at the border between layer I and II (they were damaged by ploughing), and in settlement features; however, these objects are not included in the study. The majority of graves with whetstones unearthed at the cemetery at Dziekanowice were male burials. As many as 21 graves belonged to men, 5 to women and only one to a child. Previous research and publications on cemeteries do not facilitate an ambiguous interpretation of the function of whetstones recorded in graves, although utilitarian character of these objects is unquestionable. It can also be asserted that whetstones were buried more often in male graves, and most often in adult graves. They occurred both in “richer” burials and in those characterized by modest equipment. The new light on the function of some whetstones has been shed by the results of analyses carried out by Martin Ježek from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. His recent spectral analysis of whetstone surfaces has allowed the hypothesis that whetstones (particularly phyllite ones) may have been used as touchstones. The analysis based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS method) revealed residues of metals on the surface of the examined objects. The microanalysis has proven the existence of micro-traces of metals such as gold, silver, tin and copper. In sum, the hypothesis about a special function of the whetstones cannot be excluded. This may apply particularly to the objects with scant traces of polishing, in contrast to whetstones with strongly polished and characteristic concave surfaces resulting from frequent sharpening. The whetstones with scant traces of polishing may have been used not only as sharpening tools, but also (and maybe primarily) as items against which a precious metal was rubbed in order to check its value and the quality of alloy. Identifying the function of whetstones as touchstones creates new possibilities for discussing the problems associated with social stratification and with distinguishing between “richer” and “poorer” graves. A whetstone-touchstone found in a grave gives its owner a different rank in the society than we previously assumed interpreting the object only as a sharpening tool. Undoubtedly, the analysis of social stratification should involve by far more elements than is widely regarded as vital. In addition, whetstones-touchstones may also become important objects for the analysis of trading places and exchange in the Early Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2014, 60; 197-223
0065-0986
2451-0300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagadkowe znalezisko z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Lubieniu. Z problematyki konserwacji zabytków archeologicznych
An intriguing find from an Early Medieval cemetery in Lubień. Issues of conservation of archaeological relics
Autorzy:
Kurasiński, T.
Rychter, M.R.
Skóra, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/217631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
archeologia
zabytki archeologiczne
denar
krzesiwo
cmentarz
Średniowiecze
archaeology
archaeological relics
denarius
strike-a-light
cemetery
Middle Ages
Opis:
Do Pracowni Konserwacji Zabytków Metalowych Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego przekazywane są do konserwacji oraz analiz różnorodne zabytki odnalezione podczas badań archeologicznych. Jednym z takich zabytków był przedmiot pochodzący z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Lubieniu określony jako okładzina pochewki noża. Po dogłębnej analizie oraz różnorodnych badaniach okazało się, że był to zupełnie inny przedmiot niż pierwotnie przypuszczano, a mianowicie rzadko spotykane we wczesnym Średniowieczu na ziemiach polskich krzesiwko ażurowe. Wśród produktów korozji znajdował się również srebrny denar krzyżowy z 4. ćwierci XI w. Okazuje się, że podczas wnikliwej obserwacji oraz interwencji konserwatorskiej zmienia się także dotychczasowy stan badań oraz pozyskuje się nową wiedzę na temat depozytów grobowych.
The Laboratory of Conservation of Metal Objects at the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Łódź receives various relics discovered during archaeological excavations for conservation and analysis. One of such items was an object found in an early-medieval cemetery in Lubień, and described as covering of a knife scabbard. After a thorough analysis and various tests, it turned out that it was an entirely different object than had been originally assumed, namely an openwork strike-a-light rarely encountered in Polish territories during the Early Medieval period. Among corrosion products there was a silver cross denarius from the 4th quarter of the 11th c. It appears that in the process of careful observation and conservation intervention the current state of research can change as well and new knowledge can be acquired concerning burial deposits.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2013, 33; 54-57
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczne groby ciałopalne na cmentarzysku w Cedyni, stanowisko 2
The early medieval cremation cemetery in Cedynia (site 2)
Autorzy:
Porzeziński, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
cmentarzysko ciałopalne
Pomorze Zachodnie
Cedynia
wczesne średniowiecze
cremation cemetery
West Pomerania
early middle age
Opis:
This article presents a formal and typological analysis of the source materials gathered from the oldest cremation cemetery in Cedynia which is generally dated from the second half of the 8th century to the second half of the 10th century.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2011, 8; 123-163
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rescue excavations at site 1 in Witów, Proszowice district. Seasons 2004 – 2006
Autorzy:
Gawlik, Anna
Godlewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Archeologii
Tematy:
Witów
excavations 2004-2006
Lusatian culture
fortifications
early Medieval cemetery
Opis:
Excavations at site 1 in Witów, in the years 2004 – 2006, were a continuation of rescue excavations started in 2002. Excavations covered three areas most likely to be destroyed. At the foot of the promontory (trench 1) a sequence of cultural strata dating from the Neolithic (Funnel Beaker culture) through the Bronze Age (Lusatian culture) until the Roman period was unveiled. In trench 2 excavation works were continued on the remains of fortifications (embankment with elements of wooden structures) connected with the Lusatian culture. Within the trench no. 3 next settlement features of the Lusatian culture and early Medieval skeletal graves were discovered. The most interesting discoveries in the reporting period include the Lusatian burials in trapezium-like pits, unearthed in the trench no. 3. Due to its equipment (including ceramics of the “knob” style) and 14C dating, they should be tied with the origins of the Lusatian culture. Other interesting findings were also silver coins (denarii) from a Medieval cemetery. Research in seasons 2004 - 2006 proved most of the conclusions reached in previous seasons: the multicultural nature of the site, high intensity of the Lusatian culture settlement, and the presence of fortifications of this culture.
Źródło:
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie; 2009, 1; 83-99
0137-3285
Pojawia się w:
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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