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Tytuł:
Przywódcy polityczni: Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De – przestrzeń współpracy i rywalizacji
Political leaders: Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De – cooperation and rivalry
Autorzy:
Mencel, Marian Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3557687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
People’s Republic of China
Communist Party of China
Guomindang
civil war
war of national liberation
cultural and civilizing reality of the PRC
political changes in the PRC
political cooperation and rivalry
leaders of the CPC and the PRC
Opis:
This lecture includes an attempt to answer the question: what the connection of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De was, and what conditions contributed to the fact that both Zhou Enlai and Zhu De did not share the fate of the political opponents of Mao Zedong, inter alia Liu Shaoqi, Wang Ming, Gao Gang and others. Recognizing the political reality of China of the period from the creation of the CPC to the death of the heroes, the synthetic approach shows their resumes, and an attempt was taken to involve the most important facts to answer the questions, inter alia about civil, war of national liberation, domestic and foreign policy of China implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Communist Party of China and the role of the heroes in shaping the cultural and civilisation order after the declaration of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2016, 14, 14; 345-377
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mao Zedong and Chinese Rhetoric. A Brief Outline of Sources and Inspirations
Autorzy:
Giwojno, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Mao Zedong
Chinese rhetoric
Maoism
Chinese language
Chinese propaganda
Opis:
This paper aims to sketch out key rhetorical motifs produced by the Chinese propaganda machine under Mao Zedong (1893–1976). In particular, the dominant themes of the 1950s and 1960s are discussed through the prism of both communist ideology and links with Chinese tradition and culture. To achieve this goal, key features of the Chinese language, a brief outline of distinctive features of Chinese rhetoric correlated with European tradition as well as the principles of Maoism as an ideology are presented. In the main section of this paper, an overview of five selected rhetorical themes, based on their popularity in everyday propaganda, is discussed. The final section contains research conclusions. One of the distinctive features of Maoist rhetoric is the fact that both ancient Chinese traditions and the authoritarian language of communist ideology were inherently interlinked. This paper is intended to better understand this unique connection and to gain an insight into the specific nature of the Maoist perspective on rhetoric and communication.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2019, 8; 93-102
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deification of Mao Zedong’s Image and an Iconoclastic Attempt at Its Deconstruction
Deifikacja wizerunku Mao Zedonga i obrazoburcza próba jego dekonstrukcji
Autorzy:
Szatkowski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1940185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Mao Zedong
Chinese art
iconoclasm
cult of personality
deification
sztuka chińska
ikonoklazm
kult jednostki
deifikacja
Opis:
This text is an attempt to reflect on the image of Mao Zedong in People’s Republic of China and the politics of shaping his image. Mao Zedong, his politics, literary work, life, and other aspects of his long biography have been fairly well described by numerous researchers over the past few decades. However, far too little space has been devoted to the image of Mao Zedong in the consciousness of the Chinese. Considering that Mao has been included into the set of deities and surrounded by a halo of divinity, the critical attitude to his figure verges on sacrilege. It is a surprising encounter of politics and religion, which Mao Zedong would not expect in his lifetime. In fact, only popular and avant-garde art, as well as individual oppositionists have made iconoclastic attempts to deconstruct the figure of Mao.
Niniejszy tekst jest próbą refleksji na temat wyobrażenia Mao Zedonga w Chinach Ludowych oraz polityki kształtowania jego wizerunku. Mao Zedong, jego polityka, twórczość literacka, życiorys i inne aspekty długiej biografii zostały dość dobrze opisane przez licznych badaczy na przełomie ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat. Zdecydowanie za mało miejsca poświęcono wizerunkowi Mao Zedonga w świadomości Chińczyków. Przy założeniu, że Mao został włączony w poczet bóstw i otoczony jest nimbem boskości, stosunek krytyczny do jego postaci staje się obrazoburczy. Jest to zaskakujące spotkanie z pogranicza polityki i religii, którego Mao Zedong nie spodziewałby się za życia. Właściwie tylko sztuka popularna i awangardowa, a także poszczególni opozycjoniści podjęli się ikonoklastycznej próby dekonstrukcji postaci Mao.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2018, 59; 47-63
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany stosunku do Mao Zedonga w Chinach współczesnych i jego kult religijny
Changing attitudes towards Mao Zedong in the PRC and his religious cults
Autorzy:
Gawlikowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Opis:
The paper outlines changing attitudes towards Mao since 1976 up to 2015, as an important part of political and ideological transformations in the PRC. The study is based on the author’s personal talks with numerous Chinese of different social standing during these years. Some essential party documents, interesting research by other scholars and internet sources have been employed here as well. The point of departure constitutes a comparison of Mao and Stalin and their political and social roles respectively in the PRC and in the Soviet Union. The author puts an emphasis on cultural differences between the two societies. The author points out that the political and ideological cult of Mao as a Great Helmsman and Great Teacher started to fade away before his death (September 9, 1976). The turning point constituted the death of Zhou Enlai in January 1976. Then, during mass celebrations commemorating him at the Tiananmen Square, Maoist “revolutionary” policy had been criticised in public for the first time and the new myth of the Prime Minister as “great patriot taking care of the state and of the people” was born. The new nationalistic spirit was manifested in opposition to “internationally minded” revolutionary policy, which caused suffering of the Chinese people. Immediately after the funeral of Mao, in the beginning of October, the radical Maoists, who predominated at that time, were arrested in a particular coup d’etat, and the so-called Gang of Four lost power. The moderate Maoists, who ruled the country, tried to preserve the cult of Mao, but within the ruling elite and the society critical attitudes to the Maoist policy were on the rise. It was combined with increasing nationalism and the cult of Zhou at the grass root level. In 1978, a new period started; both the people and the cadres on the grass root level initiated reforms, even those dismantling of the Maoist system (including the people’s communes at the countryside). The “walls of democracy” appeared in the cities, and the critical evaluation of the past concerned the Maoist heritage. The new leaders including Deng Xiaoping led a “silent de-maoisation”: the destruction of Mao monuments, his quotations in public places, etc. Moreover, they presented Mao as a great politician, who committed serious mistakes, and whose heritage could be analysed and criticised under the heading “Mao was a man not a god”. On the other hand, they struggled against “excessive criticism” towards Mao as harmful to the state and destabilising the society. At the end of the 1980s, new tendencies started to appear. The new market economy already changed life of the ordinary Chinese. On the one hand, new super-rich, and on the other the “new poor” appeared side by side with sharp economic differences between cities, villages, and regions. The new “money first” mentality prevailed, whereas moral values and human attitudes faded away. Under the new system of “wild capitalism”, the interest in the Maoist heritage could be seen among the older people and youngsters as well in opposition to the new official “market and motherland” ideology. Mao at this stage had been imagined first of all as a great “national leader”. The paper also analyses the evolution of Mao Zedong Mausoleum towards an “Ancestral Hall of Revolution”. The author analyses various religious and mystical aspects of the cults of Mao in the framework of the “folk religion”, starting with his veneration as a God of Safe Travel up to the Tutelary God Granting Prosperity to the Nation and Tranquillity to the People. Chinese authorities have to take under consideration such phenomena and adapt their policies to new social expectations. In this field, one could see the fundamental contradiction between the ruling elite educated in the tradition of the Western Enlightenment and the Chinese people much more bounded by their civilisation.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 2015, XVIII; 9-66
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategia i taktyka nawiązywania stosunków dyplomatycznych przez Chińską Republikę Ludową z innymi państwami w latach 1949-1961
Strategy and tactics of the Peoples Republic of China concerning establishing diplomatic relations with other countries in the years 1949-1969
Autorzy:
Podlewska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
China
Diplomatic relations
"Lean-to-one-side"
Mao Zedong
Opis:
Due to changes in internal and international situation PRC's politics and tactics in the field of international relations was also changing in order to make the country a global power. To achieve this aim, establishing diplomatic relations with other countries was a key assumption of international politics. The author of the article has attempted to analyze the strategy and tactics of normalizingPRC's relations with other countries during the years 1949—1969 and has tried to present how they developed. Another aim of the article has been to present the process of PRC's coming out of the isolation which occurred as a result of the new government's decisions as well as other countries' 'shock' at the establishment of the communist China. The first thirty years of PRC that have been analyzed have been divided into four periods that differed from one another in the aims of home and international politics. The first period is the years 1949-1956. These years were marked by the rebuilding of the country and the growing power of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at home whereas abroad the characteristic of this period was the 'lean-to-one-side' strategy, i.e. alliance with the USSR and new relations with socialist countries, mainly with the countries of Asia. The second period is the years 1957—1960 during which the power of Mao Zedong grew as he got rid of his political opponents. Home and internal politics became more radical. The Republic of China was aiming at becoming a strong international player with powers equal to those of other socialist countries. Another aim was becoming the leader of the countries of the Third World. In the third period (1961—1965) Mao's position became less conspicuous and the country's economic situation improved. Inter-nationally, this period was characterized by the attempts to build a third direction of international politics. PRC was trying to lead in the establishment of the Third World countries' block and become the centre of the world revolution. The most radical and destructive was the fourth period of 1966-1969, i.e. the cultural revolution in¬itiated by Mao. The revolution brought about a disaster in the economic situation. Its other effect was the country's isolation. In order to stop that impasse, PRC finally turned 'right' i.e. towards the capitalist countries. Intensive actions were taken that normalized the relations with those countries. Owing to that flexibility, already in 1970 PRC initiated the process by establishing diplomatic relations with Canada.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2010, 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności; 111-146
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielki głód : tragiczne skutki polityki Mao 1958-1962
Tragiczne skutki polityki Mao 1958-1962
Mao's great famine the history of China's most devastating catastrophe, 1958-62
Autorzy:
Dikötter, Frank (1961- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Gadomska, Barbara. Tłumaczenie
Wydawnictwo Czarne. pbl
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wołowiec : Wydawnictwo Czarne
Tematy:
Mao, Zedong (1893-1976)
Głód Chiny 1945-1989 r.
Maoizm
Opis:
Bibliogr. s. 485-495. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Konfucjańska idea Wielkiej Jedności w myśli politycznej Czang Kaj-szeka i Mao Zedonga.
The Confucian Concept of the Great Unity in the Political Thought of Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong.
Autorzy:
Łozińska, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
China
Chinese political thought
Jiang Jieshi
Mao Zedong
Confucianism
the Great Unity
Opis:
The Confucian concept of the Great Unity, which refers to a utopian vision of the ideal world in which everlasting peace and harmony prevail, has been for centuries a reference point for the most illustrious Chinese thinkers and emperors in their reflection about the Middle Kingdom and its society. The paper examines understanding and interpretation of the concept of the Great Unity by the two most influential Chinese leaders of the 20th century, Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong, who were inspired by this Confucian concept in building a new society and state in the times of the epochal transitions and creation of a new order. The paper begins with an analysis of the political doctrine of Sun Yat-sen, the Three Principles of the People, which was aimed at realization of the Great Unity and had a strong influence on Jiang Jieshi’s political thought. The first part of the paper examines the concept of the Great Unity in the political thought of Jiang Jieshi. It concerns, i.a., economical, political, and social ideal of the concept of the Great Unity, and Jiang’s interpretation of Sun Yat-sen’s principle of people livelihood and the theory of the Confucian scholar Kang Youwei, both of which influenced Jiang’s understanding of the concept of the Great Unity. The second part of the paper examines the concept of the Great Unity in the political thought of Mao Zedong. It concerns Mao’s interpretation of history with its division into three periods and links between Mao’s thought, the theory of Kang Youwei and the Marxist tradition. The significance of the concept of the Great Unity in contemporary official ideology of the Communist Party of China is also analyzed in the paper.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2015, 3; 43-54
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Protection of Client’s Interests, as Arising from the Right (Requirement) to Rely On Legal Professional Privilege in China, Compared to Polish Solutions – the Development of the System. Part IV
Autorzy:
Bednaruk, Waldemar
Kisiel, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Mao Zedong
persecution of Chinese lawyers
Cultural Revolution
prześladowania prawników chińskich
rewolucja kulturalna
Opis:
Ochrona interesów klienta wynikająca z prawa (obowiązku) zachowania tajemnicy adwokackiej w Chinach na tle rozwiązań polskich – narodziny systemu. Część IV. Chiński model wzajemnych relacji adwokat-klient ukształtowany w czasach Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej Pierwsze dekady istnienia ChRL to czas niezwykle trudny dla świata prawniczego. Komunistyczne władze żywiły w stosunku do jego przedstawicieli, a szczególnie wobec adwokatów, niechęć graniczącą z nienawiścią. Stale podejrzewano parających się tą profesją o nielojalność oraz skłonności do spiskowania przeciwko rządzącym. Dlatego też do śmierci twórcy nowego systemu ustrojowego Mao Zedonga prawnicy poddawani byli masowym prześladowaniom, prowadzącym do eksterminacji znakomitej większości przedstawicieli tej grupy zawodowej. Dopiero od lat osiemdziesiątych XX wieku obserwujemy stopniową odbudowę struktur wymiaru sprawiedliwości, jak również przywracanie cywilizowanych relacji pełnomocników z ich klientami, co pozwala żywić nadzieję na pełniejszą ochronę interesów tych ostatnich przed chińskimi sądami.
The Protection of Client’s Interests, as Arising from the Right (Requirement) to Rely On Legal Professional Privilege in China, Compared to Polish Solutions – the Development of the System. Part IV. Chinese Model of Mutual Relationsbetween the Attorney and the Clientduring the Period of the People’s Republic of China During the first decades that followed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (1949) it was very difficult to pursue a legal profession. The communist authorities were reluctant and hatred against its representatives, especially towards the attorneys. The legal practitioners were constantly suspected of disloyalty and the propensity to conspire against the authorities. Therefore, the lawyers were subjected to mass persecution, leading to the extermination of the vast majority of this professional group, until the death of the creator of new political system - Mao Zedong. Only in the 1980’s, we can observe a gradual rebuilding of the justice structures, as well as the restoration of civilized relations between the attorneys and their clients. In recent years, it has increased the likelihood of a better protection for the client’s interests before Chinese courts.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 7-16
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 31

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