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Tytuł:
Trudy życia w komandach w partyzanckim okresie wojny burskiej, lipec 1900 - maj 1902
The hardships of the life on commando during the guerrilla phase of the Boer War, July 1900 - May 1902
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Boer War
Commando
British strategy
Guerrillas
Opis:
When we read histories of the military conflicts only too seldom we may find descriptions of the everyday lives of the ordinary soldiers. Historians too often tend to forget that a circumstances of everyday life do determine their attitudes, their behavior under the fire, the will to fight and their determination, which are crucial elements of the final outcome of the war. It is even more in the case of such armies as the military forces of the Boer Republics during the South African war of the 1899- 1902. Those were mostly irregular forces which, due to a lack of a formal and regular military drill, were much less disciplined than regular forces, and their moods were usually much stronger influenced by changing turns of war and circumstances of everyday life. During the irregular phase of war the Boer forces (still numbering c. 30.000) were faced with completely new problems. They lost organized supply base, but they still had ambitious war-plans, to attack main economic centres and supply lines of the republics controlled then by the British, to destroy them and force Britain to negotiate a truce. At the same time they were faced with new British military strategy of destroying potential supplies for the guerrillas. The scotched earth policy, sweeps by the flying columns and concentration camps had all its effect on commandos ability to fight. Scorched earth meant that whole townlets and villages were destroyed, and herds of cattle and sheep butchered, just for the sake of limiting supplies for the guerrillas. British strategy limited it to such an extent, that there were just few options of resupplying Bore forces. One of the main was using British supplies, through robbery and looting. In effect it is true, to some extent, that at the end of the war the United Kingdom was supplying both armies: British and Boer. Still the hardships were rising with every season in the field. The scorched earth policy took its toll. It was, for Boers, more and more difficult to acquire food and shelter. Supplies run thin and commandos lacked everything. At the end of the war a third of them had no horses. What's more they had no choice but to take care of more than 12.000 women and children, who were stranded on the Veld. Therefore we may argue that the hardships of life on commando during the guerrilla phase of war, were eventually the main reason for surrender of Boer forces in May 1902. The prospects of prolonging the war were grim, and with the time it was for the Boer commandos, more and more the fight for everyday survival without hope for victory. And therefore even the most determined fighters were forced to accept the fact that they could not fight much longer.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2011, 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce; 541-559
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transwal, 1881-1899. Czy regionalne mocarstwo?
Transvaal, 1881-1899. Was it a regional power?
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Transvaal
South African Republic
Kruger administration
Opis:
This text is a short introduction to above asked question. Was the South African Republic of 1881-1899 a regional power? The answer is not easy. From one side Transvaal had minuscule white population, especially by European standards. Still, was able to mobilize quite significant military force, larger than any polity in that area. What's more important, since the discovery of the gold, its financial resources were enormous. It became an economic centre of this region. Therefore at least potentially it was a regional power. But was this potential realized? The author runs throughout the history of the Transvaal of that time, to present political and diplomatic activities of the South African Republic, to show changes in situation and in diplomatic objectives. He asks the question if the Transvaal before 1877 was a state by European standards. Then shortly shows the influence of British Annexation of 1877-1881. Then he presents several events taking place from 1881 to 1896. He especially concentrates on the period of 1881-1886 and deals with historical stereotypes concerning those event. The author analyses Transvaal policy to find, what was the main goal of Kruger administration. And finally he asks the question embedded in the topic.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2012, 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne; 467-495
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tolkien i wikingowie. Czyli o związkach J. R. R. Tolkiena z wiktoriańską literaturą na temat Północy
Tolkien and the Vikings. On J. R. R. Tolkien and Victorian Literature About The North
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/520042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta
Tematy:
Norman
Vikings’ time
Norse mythology
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien
Victorian aesthetics
Opis:
There is no doubt that Norman stories and myths were an important inspiration for John R. R. Tolkien who repeatedly stressed their significance for shaping his works and literary imagination. In the article Tolkien and the Vikings. On J. R. R. Tolkien and Victorian Literature About The North, Leśniewski analyses the influence of Norse mythology, Victorian literature and history on Tolkienian writings. Tolkien’s belief that we can access and reconstruct history through languages had its source in the nineteenth century when scientists were convinced that it is possible to recreate extinct languages and mythologies. Thus they often created new epic poems on the basis of folk tales and ballads. Tolkien often expressed his regret that England has lost its mythological traditions. He seemed to have dreamt of giving England its own mythology. Tolkien drew inspiration from Victorian writers and scientists, but he also went far beyond Victorian tradition. His works are eclectic and syncretic, bringing together many different traditions—and, thus, appealing to a much wider audience.
Źródło:
Creatio Fantastica; 2017, 2(57); 25-46
2300-2514
Pojawia się w:
Creatio Fantastica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The manager and the safety culture of the organisation: a conceptual model
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
manager
organisational culture
organisational safety culture
Opis:
Safety is a problem that every organization that wants to shape its competitiveness must be able to face in order to maintain its advantage on the market. From the point of view of the management process, the implementer of the organisation’s safety is a manager who – in shaping the organisational culture – must take into account safety factors in the broad sense of the word. Safety culture is a determinant of an organisation operating in the second decade of the 21st century. The aim of the study is to present the proprietary conceptual model of the organisation’s safety culture manager. The article was created as a result of a study of the literature on the subject along with the author’s interpretation.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2022, XLVII, 2; 103-112
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świadomość ekorozwojowa w konkurencyjności miękkiej przedsiębiorstw
Eco‑Developmental Awareness in Soft Competitiveness of Enterprises
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
eco‑development awareness
soft competitiveness of enterprises
model of the permeation of the eco‑developmental awareness
storage factor
permeation factor
świadomość ekorozwojowa
konkurencyjność miękka przedsiębiorstw
model prze‑
nikania świadomości ekorozwojowej
czynnik składowy
czynnik przenikania
Opis:
Zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem w warunkach zmiennego otoczenia poddawane jest wpływom różnych czynników, które muszą znaleźć swoje umiejscowienie w podmiocie gospodarczym, aby mógł on być konkurencyjny wobec innych podmiotów, uczestników rynku. Jednym z obszarów rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa są konkurencyjność i środowisko naturalne. Jedno i drugie stanowi zwartą całość. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie znaczenia świadomości ekorozwojowej w konkurencyjności miękkiej przedsiębiorstw. Teza pierwsza: świadomość ekorozwojowa jest kształtowana poprzez czynniki miękkie i czynniki twarde. Teza druga: świadomość ekorozwojowa jest czynnikiem składowym i czynnikiem przenikania konkurencyjności miękkiej przedsiębiorstw, co w konsekwencji powoduje kształtowanie konkurencyjności miękkiej ekorozwoju przedsiębiorstw oraz behawioralnej ekorozwojowej przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstw
In conditions of changeable environment business management is subjected to numerous influences of various factors which must find their position in the business entity, so that it can be competitive with other entities, market participants. The competitiveness and the natural environment are some of the areas of the development of the enterprise. One does not exclude the other, on the contrary they constitute a coherent whole. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of eco‑developmental awareness in the competitiveness of soft enterprises. The first thesis asserts that the eco‑developmental awareness is shaped through soft factors and hard factors. The second thesis states that the eco‑developmental awareness is a storage factor and a permeation factor of the soft competitiveness of enterprises which in turn results in the formation of the soft competitiveness of sustainable development of enterprises and behavioral eco‑developmental competitive advantage.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2016, 40, 2; 151-164
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Słów kilka o morale i dyscyplinie w komandach w czasie wojny burskiej, październik 1899–maj 1902
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
historia Południowej Afryki, wojna angielsko-burska, partyzancka faza wojny, morale burskich wojsk
Opis:
A few words on morale and discipline in Boer commandos during the Anglo-Boer War, October 1899 – May 1902One of the key factors during any war is the morale and discipline of the troops. Those two issues are closely interconnected. The same applies to the Anglo-Boer War. The case of the Boer forces, which were composed of irregular militiamen, is especially interesting. The latter did not know the European-style discipline. This was a problem during the regular phase of the war, but paradoxically it was less of a problem in the guerilla phase of war. In fact the high morale was an effect of self imposed discipline, which in turn was an effect of the high morale. The present text constitutes an endeavor to study the correlation between morale and discipline in Boer commandos; its goal is also to shed light on the issue of how the two had influenced one another.
Źródło:
Prace Historyczne; 2014, 141, 4
0083-4351
Pojawia się w:
Prace Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Republika Natalii – państwo czy jego zapowiedź? Rozważania nad wczesnymi formami państwowymi wśród Burow w Natalu w latach 1838–1842
The Natalia Republic – A State or a Declaration? Reflections on the Early Forms of State Amongst the Boers in Natal in the Years 1838–1842
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:
Africa
History
South Africa
a History of South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal
a History of KwaZulu-Natal
Republic of Natalia
Opis:
Was the Boer Republic of Natalia a state? The article discusses the question of whether the Natalia Republic was a state. Through the presentation of its history, its institutions and mechanisms of functioning, the author tries to present the character of this polity. He shows that in this case, one may observe the coexistence of institutions typical of the modern state and pre-state polities. This leads him to the conclusion that the Republic of Natalia was an unfinished project, and idea of a state, but not a state in the true sense of the word.
Źródło:
Afryka; 2016, 44; 130-152
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:
Afryka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recenzja dwóch książek o powstaniu państwa Zulusów i innych państw w Afryce Południowo-Wschodniej. Elisabeth A. Eldredge, The Creation of the Zulu Kingdom, 1815-1828, Cambridge 2014, ss. 419; idem, Kingdoms and Chiefdoms of Southeastern Africa. Oral Traditions and History, 1400-1830, Rochester, NY 2015, ss. 450.
Review of two Books About the Rise of the Zulu and Other States in South-East Africa. Elisabeth A. Eldredge, The Creation of the Zulu Kingdom, 1815-1828, Cambridge 2014, ss. 419; idem, Kingdoms and Chiefdoms of Southeastern Africa. Oral Traditions and History, 1400-1830, Rochester, NY 2015, ss. 450.
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522736.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:
Zulu state
South-East Africa
kingdoms
chieftainship
oral tradition
history
Opis:
In the space of just a few months, two books by Elisabeth A. Eldredge, a renowned specialist in pre-colonial and early colonial history of southern Africa, were published. Both books, although separate, were evidently written concurrently or in a very short span of time. Their subjects are similar enough do one review of both of them. They deal with very similar topics, although approached from two different angles. Both finally are examples of the changes which took place in last thirty years in South African historiography, especially in relation to the history of the Zulu, South-Eastern Africa and state traditions among South African indigenous populations.
Źródło:
Afryka; 2017, 45; 144-152
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:
Afryka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oorlam, czyli słów kilka o wymianie kulturowej w południowoafrykańskim interiorze na przełomie XVII i XIX wieku
Oorlam or a few words on a cultural exchanges in the South African interior during the turn of 18th and 19th century
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1186896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Południowa Afryka
Namibia
historia
XVIII i XIX wiek
wymiana kulturowa
Afrykanie
ludzie Oorlam
South Africa
history
18th and 19th century
cultural exchanges
Africans
Oorlam people
Opis:
During the second half of the 18th century and the first three decades of the 19th century, we may observe an intensive process of cultural exchange between frontier farmers (trekboers) and local populations (mostly Khoisan). There emerge new kind of community – Oorlams: Africans and peoples of mixed origin who adopted many traces of colonial material, intellectual and spiritual culture. They were essential in spreading those elements of colonial culture (horses, firearms, commando system, cloths, proto-Afrikaans) into an interior, which were in turn adopted by other African groups.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2015, 18 - Komunikowanie w Afryce. Endo- i egzogeniczne aspekty. Etniczność – kultura – religia; 69-89
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 35

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