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Tytuł:
Bottle necks in breeding late blight resistant potato
Autorzy:
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Tatarowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
limitations
Phytophthora infestans
potato
resistance breeding
Opis:
The resistance to late blight (LB) is considered as a factor of major importance among resistances to potato pathogens. For four last decades more work has been done on potato resistant to Phytophthora infestans than on breeding for resistance to any other potato disease. Many sources of resistance have been known to breeders for many decades, but the results of their utilization are still disappointing. The difficulties in breeding for LB resistance were assessed by 39 participants of the survey organized for the Global Initiative on Late Blight (Zimnoch-Guzowska and Flis 2002), who indicated several major factors hampering progress in this area. The following factors found to be the most important bottle necks are discussed in the paper: (i) identification and utilization of new sources of resistance, not sufficient agronomic value of the used resistance sources; (ii) combination of earliness with LB resistance; (iii) complexity of genetic determination of LB resistance; (iv) combination of foliage and tuber resistance; (v) screening methods applied for resistance evaluation; (vi) cost of selection for resistance; (vii) lack of molecular markers (MAS) applicable to selection for LB resistance.   limitations, Phytophthora infestans, potato, resistance breeding
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 71-79
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The economical benefit of potato late blight control
Autorzy:
Bimsteine, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10537802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
economic benefit
potato late blight
Phytophthora infestans
plant disease
disease control
fungicide application
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura; 2004, 59, 2; 663-669
0365-1118
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decision Support Systems for integrated control of late blight
Autorzy:
Schepers, Huub T.A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Decision Support Systems
integrated control
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
Opis:
All definitions for integrated control agree that maximum emphasis should be put on prevention by using resistant cultivars and cultural measures. Moreover, the use of plant protection products should be limited to the essential minimum using Decision Support Systems (DSSs) that integrate and organise all relevant information. Computer-based DSSs that require weather information and regular late blight scouting inputs have been developed and validated in a number of European countries. In the frame of the EU concerted action “European network for development of an integrated control strategy of potato late blight (EU.NET.ICP)” several DSSs were validated in 1999-2001. The overall conclusion was that in most cases the use of DSSs combined a good disease control with a reduction of fungicide input. The DSSs can be used as a PC-version but more and more, parts of information are delivered to users by phone, fax, e-mail, SMS and websites on the Internet. An important task for the near future is to update the DSSs with information on the epidemiology of the new aggressive population of Phytophthora infestans. Issues such as (1) the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the infection process, (2) the role of primary inoculum sources (seed, oospores, volunteers, dumps), (3) the role of secondary inoculum sources (distance, severity), (4) control of early blight and (5) resistance ratings for foliar and tuber blight have to be addressed in order to be able to formulate a robust control strategy that effectively controls late (and early) blight with a minimum input of fungicides.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 57-61
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Varietal resistance of potatoes to late blight and chemical protection strategy
Autorzy:
Kapsa, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Phytophthora infestans
late blight
genetic resistance
chemical protection
fungi
resistance
potato
chemical control
protection strategy
Opis:
The genetic resistance of potato varieties can be utilized to lower the fungicide rates used for plant protection against late blight. The very resistant varieties can be protected with half the rate of fungicide without negative effect on efficiency of the control.
Odporność genetyczna odmian ziemniaka może być wykorzystana do zmniejszania dawek fungicydów, stosowanych w ochronie plantacji ziemniaka przed zarazą. Odmiany bardzo odporne (Meduza) mogą pozostawać niechronione lub mogą być chronione fungicydami, stosowanymi w dawkach zmniejszonych o połowę (dla uniknięcia problemów ewentualnie zwiększonej presji infekcyjnej patogena w ciągu okresu wegetacji). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że odmiany podatne na zarazę (Karlena) wymagają ochrony prowadzonej w pełnych zalecanych dawkach fungicydów w każdym roku, niezależnie od presji infekcyjnej patogenu. Dla niektórych odmian, nawet o średniej odporności (Panda) wystarczające są dawki zmniejszone do 50-75% by skutecznie hamowały rozwój zarazy w niektóre lata. Różne odmiany mogą reagowa w różny sposób na zmniejszanie dawek fungicydów. W przeprowadzonych badaniach stwierdzono istotne współdziałanie odmian i dawek fungicydowych. Uwzględnienie genetycznej odporności odmian ziemniaka na zarazę pozwala obniża dawki stosowanych fungicydów, z zachowaniem zadawalającej skuteczności ochrony, co może by ważne ze względu na ochronę środowiska.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2002, 42, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of oospores of Phytophthora infestans on late blight epidemics
Autorzy:
Flier, Wilbert G.
Kessel, Geert J. T.
Schepers, Huub T. A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
alternative hosts
fungicides
infection sources
integrated disease management
Opis:
Several aspects of the ecology of oospores of Phytophthora infestans were studied in the Netherlands using both observational and experimental methods. Following the introduction of a genetically variable late blight population in Europe during the 1970s, P. infestans epidemics have become more severe, leading to an increase in fungicide use in many potato production areas in Northwestern Europe. In the Netherlands, oospores are readily produced in unsprayed crops and volunteer potatoes and their incidence varied from 78% to 15% of sampled leaflets with two or more lesions, for the northeastern and southwestern region in 2000, respectively. A fungicide application following infection of plants with an A1 and A2 mating type strain significantly reduced the number of oospores produced as well as oospore viability. Several alternative hosts facilitating oospore formation have been identified in the Netherlands: S. nigrum, S. dulcamara and S. sisymbriifolium. The impact of oospores on late blight epidemics is discussed.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 5-13
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new method of potato late blight forecasting in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Litschmann, T.
Hausvater, E.
Dolezal, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
comparison using methods
forecasting models
late blight
Phytophthora
infestans
potato
Opis:
This study describes a newly developed index for predicting and forecasting the first (and potentially subsequent) timing of fungicide application against late blight in potato crops based on weather variables measured close to the crop. Inputs for index calculation were the following: daily minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily precipita- tion. The decisive moment in the process of forecasting is the sum of daily index values for the previous 5 days. The index was tested in various localities of the Czech and the Slovak Republics for several years with a relatively high success rate exceeding the accuracy of previously applied strategies – NoBlight and negative prognosis. In comparison to the men- tioned methods, the calculated index corresponded very well to long-term wet periods and indicated the first application date correctly. In years with no wet periods (in this case, 2015 and 2017), it allowed postponing the first application and reducing the number of required sprays during the growing season. The method does not depend on determining the emer- gence date, so it can be presented on the internet without cooperation with specific growers in a given locality, and thus supply information for a wider range of users. With knowledge about crop development and the degree of resistance to late blight of grown varieties, users can subsequently choose a specific fungicide and its application date.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2020, 60, 2; 134-140
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Web-blight - regional late blight monitoring and variety resistance information on Internet
Autorzy:
Hansen, J.G.
Lassen, P.
Koppel, M.
Valskyte, A.
Turka, I.
Kapsa, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Web-blight system
prognosis system
information
monitoring
resistance
potato
Internet
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2003, 43, 3
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Establishment of a monitoring network for potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Poland
Autorzy:
Kapsa, Józefa
Hansen, Jens G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Opis:
Changes in population of Phytophthora infestans can greatly influence the time of potato late blight appearance in potato crops. The late blight monitoring system makes it possible to evaluate reliability of the forecast provided by decision support systems that are applied in potato protection and in consequences defends in practice potato crops from early appearing infections. The first steps in creating Polish internet monitoring system in potato protection against late blight were based on observations carried out by advisers from the Plant Protection Inspectorate in Lublin voivodeship in the years 2001-2002. The conducted evaluations were part of the Polish-Danish research project “Development of an Internet based DDS for Cereal Diseases and Potato Late Blight in Poland, 2001-2002”. In 2003, the observations were also conducted in four other voivodeships. The collected results indicate that it is feasible to recognize primary early infections manifested as singular necroses on potato plants. The earliest infections were most frequently recorded on susceptible potato cultivars. In two cases in 2003, early attacks were recorded at plant growth stage of 30-31 (in 0-99 BBCH scale for potato). In most cases the first infection symptoms appeared at the growth stage exceeding 37. This indicates that very early infections caused by oospores from soil were not common in the inspected areas.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 63-70
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficacy of NegFry decision support system in control of late blight in Poland
Autorzy:
Wojtowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
late blight
control
Polska
Phytphthora infestans
NegFry system
efficacy
Routine system
decision support system
NegFry decision system
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2003, 43, 3
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Incidence and harmfulness of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) on potato stems.
Autorzy:
Kapsa, Józefa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
diseases
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
localization of initial late blight infection
Opis:
Changes in the occurrence of the initial late blight symptoms have been noted in some regions of Poland. Observations of potato crops showed that occurrence of the primary infections and blight symptoms is sometimes on the stem rather than on the leaves. It was confirmed that in both cases, a cause of late blight was the same species Phytophthora infestans. Surveys of many potato crops done in 1997-1999, around Poland enabled assessment of the incidence of stem blight in Poland. In 1997 - 80.5%, 1998 - 65.2% and in 1999 – 72.4% of observed crops were primary affected with late blight on stems. Stem form of the disease appeared more often in the years with less rainfall in the period from June to July. The largest number of genotypes with initial blight symptoms on stems was observed among first early clones and cultivars. Glasshouse experiments confirmed the importance of stem lesions in decreasing yield and increasing tuber infection. Results confim that blighted tubers were the least probable source of the late blight appearing on stems.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 53-61
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Survival potential of Phytophthora infestans sporangia in relation to environmental factors and late blight occurrence
Autorzy:
Olanya, O.M.
Anwar, M.
He, Z.
Larkin, R.P.
Honeycutt, C.W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
survival
Phytophthora infestans
sporangia
environmental factor
late blight
occurrence
climate variability
potato
tomato
Opis:
Potato is an important crop globally and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) often results in severe crop loss. The cost for late blight control can be in excess of $210 million in the United States. We utilised a non-parametric density distribution analysis of local temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), from 2005 to 2009, to assess and validate sporangia survival potential using survival model and late blight risks during the potato cropping season at Presque Isle, in the northern part of the state of Maine, USA. Modelbased analyses showed that ambient temperatures of 3−30°C and RH values of 45−100% were conducive for sporangia survival. Disease outbreaks and risk periods coincided with a high sporangia survival probability (15−35%). Due to the omission of solar radiation (SR) in the computation of survival potential in previous research, we applied a Cox proportional model to estimate the probability of sporangia survival [i.e. hazard at a specific time H(t)] as a function of baseline hazard (H0) and the influencing parameters. The model is: H(t) = H0(t) × exp(0.067ET + 0.138T + 0.083RH + 0.001SR) where ET is exposure time. The survival model indicated that RH (β = 0.083) and T (β = 0.138) were significant (p < 0.05) factors in sporangia survival in comparison to SR (β = 0.001). The hazard ratio, indicative of sporangia survival risk, varied with the predictors. For the unit increase of T, sporangia survival hazard increased by 1.148 times. The Cox model and sporangia hazard probabilities can be used for short-term disease forecasts based on the risk period most conducive for pathogen survival and targeted fungicide applications for optimum late blight management.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2016, 56, 1
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing resistance to late blight of potato: methods used at the Scottish Crop Research Institute
Autorzy:
Stewart, Helen E.
Solomon-Blackburn, Ruth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
resistance breeding
resistance test
screening methods
Solanum tuberosum
Opis:
At SCRI, wild species and clones of Solanum tuberosum are assessed for resistance to late blight in order to study the genetics and breed for resistance. Glasshouse progeny tests for foliage and tuber blight resistance, using true seedlings, are described. These enable the rapid screening of accessions of wild species, and the selection of the most resistant progenies in a breeding programme within one year of crossing. Assessment of the foliage resistance of clones is carried out in glasshouse tests of whole plants in flower-bud, and field trials using infector plants inoculated in the glasshouse with a complex race of Phytophthora infestans. The glasshouse test provides a reliable method of identifying R-genes and the virulence characteristics of blight isolates. The field trial gives the best estimate of field resistance and is being used to develop marker-assisted selection. Both tests are used to study the inheritance of resistance, to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) and R-genes, and to select the most resistant clones. The tuber resistance of clones is assessed by spray-inoculating whole, immature, field-grown tubers on the day of harvest. However when large numbers of clones are involved, e.g. in the location of QTL, this is impractical, so glasshouse-grown tubers are dip-inoculated.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 107-112
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sexuality of Phytophthora infestans and the role of oospores as a primary infection source of potato late blight
Autorzy:
Zarzycka, H
Sobkowiak, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65920.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Phytophthora infestans
oospore
potato late blight
pathogen
sexuality
sexual reproduction
potato
Opis:
Results of experiments with isolates A1 and A2 from populations occurring in Poland in the years 1993-1998 were compared. Mating types A1 and A2 did not significantly differ with respect of virulence spectrum, pathogenicity level and virulence diversity (Shannon index). After pairing isolates A1 and A2 formed oospores; their morphological characteristics were described. On selected fields a test was performed whether the oospores could play a role as a source of primary infection. Local populations occurring on three fields were characterized. Results obtained on investigated 3 separate fields, located in 2 voivodeships of southern Poland were compared. It was stated on the basis of the proportion of both mating type isolates, race complexity and diversity, that oospores could play a role as a source of primary infection, at least in one of localities in Boguchwała, podkarpackie voivodeship.
Drugi typ kojarzeniowy A2 został wykryty w Polsce w 1988 roku. Porównanie spektrum wirulencji i poziomu agresywności u izolatów obu typów kojarzeniowych A1 i A2 zebranych w latach 1993-1998 wykazało, że oba typy kojarzeniowe nie różnią się między sobą istotnie. Typ A2 nie stanowi większego bezpośredniego zagrożenia dla ziemniaka niż typ A1, lecz odgrywa rolę w procesie rozmnażania generatywnego. Oospory wytworzone w tkankach ziemniaka po skojarzeniu obu typów P. infestans mogą stać się, po przezimowaniu w glebie, drugim, obok zakażonych bulw, źródłem infekcji pierwotnej P. infestans. Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy oospory odgrywają rolę w wywołaniu infekcji pierwotnej, na polach ziemniaka dokonano scharakteryzowania lokalnych populacji P. infestans na 3 plantacjach ziemniaka. Porównanie wzajemnego stosunku izolatów obu typów kojarzeniowych oraz ocena złożoności i zróżnicowania ras wykazała, że oospory mogły być źródłem infekcji pierwotnej na polu w Boguchwale (woj. podkarpackie). Na innych polach patogen prawdopodobnie rozmnażał się na drodze wegetatywnej.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 1999, 39, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NegFry - decision support system for late blight control in potato crops - results of validation trials in North Poland
Autorzy:
Kapsa, J.
Osowski, J.
Bernat, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
late blight control
Polska
NegFry model
validation
decision support
potato
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2003, 43, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of somatic hybridisation to transfer resistance to late blight and Potato Virus Y (PVY) into cultivated potato
Autorzy:
Thieme, Ramona
Darsow, Ulrich
Rakosy-Tican, Lenuta
Kang, Zhensheng
Gavrilenko, Tatjana
Antonova, Olga
Heimbach, Udo
Thieme, Thomas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Phytophthora infestans
protoplast fusion
PVY
resistance
wild Solanum species
Opis:
Protoplast fusion was used to produce more than 500 symmetric interspecific somatic hybrids between wild Solanum species, which belong to the series Pinnatisecta, Etuberosa and S. tuberosum L. cultivars or potato breeding clones. The used genebank accessions of S. cardiophyllum and S. tarnii were resistant to Phytophthora infestans, while the accessions of S. cardiophyllum, S. tarnii, as well as of S. etuberosum, were also highly resistant to PVY (strains: PVYO, PVYN, PVYNTN, PVYC, PVYN Wilga). In most fusion combinations vigorous and genetically stable hybrid material has been selected. A number of interspecific somatic hybrids were fertile and could be backcrossed with cultivated potato. The use of detached leaf and tuber tests and mechanical inoculation, grafting and virus transmission by vectors, revealed that several somatic hybrids and backcross (BC) clones were resistant to foliage and tuber blight, as well as to PVY.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 113-118
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformation of wild Solanum species resistant to late blight by using reporter gene gfp and msh2 genes
Autorzy:
Rakosy-Tican, Lenuta
Aurori, Adriana
Aurori, Cristian M.
Ispas, Gabriela
Famelaer, Ivan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
DNA mismatch repair
gfp
nptII marker gene
Opis:
Green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene and nptII marker gene were used to optimize Agrobacterium tumefaciens (agro) mediated transformation of wild Solanum genotypes resistant to late blight. Different genotypes of Solanum bulbocastanum, S. chacoense, S. microdontum and S. verrucosum were assessed for their regeneration ability on MS based media and for agro-mediated transformation. As the first step reporter genes were used to optimize transformation protocol for each species and then the transfer of genes involved in mismatch repair of DNA were attempted in Solanum chacoense. For transformation, either leaf or stem fragments were used. It was shown that gfp is a valuable and elegant tool for monitoring the efficiency of transformation or the occurrence of chimera in all genotypes. Transformation efficiency was dependent on a plant genotype. A number of genotypes have been successfully transformed and they expressed constitutively the bright green fluorescence of gfp without any side effects. The most recalcitrant species proved to be S. microdontum, which did not regenerate plants although different media and phytohormones had been used. The best protocol for S. chacoense transformation was also found to work in the transfer of msh2 genes. Msh2 isolated from Arabidopsis was used and transferred either as mutated (Apa) or antisense (As) gene. The integration of msh2-mutated gene into S. chacoense genome was demonstrated by PCR amplification and confirmed by RT-PCR for some of the putative transgenic clones. The implications of mismatch repair in homologous recombination and its importance for potato improvement are discussed. 
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 119-127
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The distribution and changes of Phytophthora infestans population in Latvia
Autorzy:
Bebre, Gunta
Skrabule, Ilze
Osa, Marija
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
control
late blight
potato
race
resistance
Opis:
Potato breeders and phytopathologists have been conducting the studies on Phytophthorainfestans (Mont.) de Bary at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Station since 1962. The varietal resistanceis very important in potato breeding programme. The trials in collaboration with the Institute ofPhytopathology of Soviet Union (Russia) were done in 1974-1990. The investigations were focusedon races of P. infestans. The changes of races were assessed using a trap method, according to theinvestigation programme, like in each of the republics of the Soviet Union.At the beginning of investigations (1960s and 1970s) races 1, 4 and 1.4 of P. infestans were thepredominant ones in Latvia, but in the 1980s complex races 4.10.11, 1.4.7.8.10.11, 1.3.4.7.8.10.11and 1.2.3.4.7.8.10.11 were more widely distributed.Different foreign varieties, mostly from the Netherlands, were introduced in Latvia in the 1970s.This resulted in a very rapid differentiation of late blight races. The enhanced aggressiveness of P.infestans isolates was due to an increasing number of races in population. The earlier appearance ofinfection in potato fields was recorded. The presence of a mating type A2 was stated in Latviansamples in 1987. Because all tested races had been recognized in a population, and the conception ofresistance breeding had been modified, the trials were stopped in 1990. The resistance based onspecific resistance genes was the main direction in the 1960s and 1970s. From the 1980s, impor-tance of the field resistance has greatly increased and this type of resistance is the most significantin the current breeding programme. The trials in organic field proved the acceptable level of fieldresistance to P. infestans of three medium late varieties: Sigunda (previous name Undine), Beteand Zile. These varieties have been bred at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Station and included intothe Latvian Plant Varieties Catalogue.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 43-49
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie systemu decyzyjnego NegFry do zwalczania zarazy ziemniaka
The use of decision support system NegFry to late blight control
Autorzy:
Bernat, Edward
Osowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42937331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
NegFry
ochrona chemiczna
system wspomagania decyzji
zaraza ziemniaka
ziemniak
chemical protection
decision support system
late blight
potato
Opis:
Badania nad przydatnością systemu wspomagania decyzji NegFry, w chemicznej ochronie ziemniaka przed zarazą (Phytophthora infestans), w porównaniu do różnych systemów ochrony, prowadzono w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, Zakładzie Nasiennictwa i Ochrony Ziemniaka w Boninie w latach 2007–2008. Ochrona prowadzona wg systemu NegFry pozwoliła na istotne ograniczenie rozwoju zarazy ziemniaka i zredukowanie liczby zabiegów fungicydowych o 2 w porównaniu do konwencjonalnej metody ochrony (7 zabiegów).
The assessment of usefulness of a decision support system (DSS) NegFry for chemical control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was carried out at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Department of Potato Protection and Seed Science in Bonin in the years 2007–2008. The DSS NegFry was compared to different potato protection systems. The results obtained show that plant protection performed according to NegFry system significantly restricted late blight development and reduced the number of fungicide treatments by two in comparison to the conventional protection method (7 treatments).
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2010, 256; 153-162
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field Evaluation of Potato Resistance Against Phytophthora Infestans Under Natural Infection Pressure
Autorzy:
Plich, Jarosław
Tatarowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
field trials
late blight resistance
rAUDPC
method
Opis:
Although development of potato cultivars resistant to late blight has long been one of the primary goals of potato breeding programs, several different methods of field resistance evaluation have been used by potato breeders. Recently, within the EucaBlight network (www.euroblight.net), common methods of late blight evaluation have been agreed on, and these methods are currently highly recommended for use by all those interested in evaluating the resistance of the potato to late blight. Here, we describe a method of evaluating potato resistance in field conditions routinely used at Młochów Research Center, which is compliant with recommendations of the EucaBlight protocol.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2017, 76; 25-28
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Slovak Republic in 1996-2003
Autorzy:
Forišeková, Kvetoslava
Heldák, Ján
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
late blight
mating type
metalaxyl
Phytophthora infestans
race
Opis:
The effective management of protection against Phytophthora infestans must be established on the perfect knowledge of the pathogen. From a practical point of view this means identification of races and mating types as well as the pathotypes resistant to systemic compounds of fungicides. The main goal of our project was to characterize populations of late blight, especially in the most important area of seed potato production. Recognition of races and mating types and evaluation of resistance to metalaxyl of the isolates in potato-growing area were performed in laboratory tests. Isolates of late blight for laboratory tests were collected in commercial and research potato crops in the regions of Poprad and Kežmarok. The first occurrence of metalaxyl-resistant strains was noticed in 1999, and the greatest incidence was recorded in 2000. In the following years a significant decrease was observed. This was due, among others, to omitting fenylamide fungicides in crop protection in our region. The occurrence of isolates virulent to potato with R2, R5, R9 and R11 genes was noted neither in 1996 nor in 1997, and tested isolates had maximum six virulence factors. Since 1999, the occurrence of isolates with seven, eight or even ten virulence factors has been recorded. Presence of A2 mating type was not confirmed in our area until 2002. In 2003, more A2 than A1 isolates were found. It is likely that problems concerning the ability of oospores to survive in soil as well as sexual reproduction of the pathogen may appear also in our potato-growing area.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 51-55
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increasing the efficiency of potato breeding through marker assisted selection - general thoughts. Molecular markers for late blight resistance - when applied for breeders?
Autorzy:
Trognitz, Bodo R.
Trognitz, Friederike Ch.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
marker assisted selection
potato breeding
potato late blight resistance
Opis:
Despite many breathtaking breakthroughs in the area of crop genetics and genomics, plant breeding still widely depends on the methods that had been worked out almost a century ago. This is not because commercial plant breeders are overly conservative but because the new knowledge lacks efficient and economical tools that would permit their application in practice. Breeders desire supporting technologies that would facilitate laborious and time-consuming screening in the field and laboratory. In particular, resistance screening often cannot be performed satisfactorily as the necessary disease pressure and appropriate pathogen populations may be unavailable. In potato breeding, specific and often complex resistances need to be developed, at the same time maintaining high levels of quality and culinary characteristics. Therefore, it is worthwhile to revisit the facts that comprise the progress in genetics of disease resistance and to analyze current technologies of genotyping and marker assisted selection, with the objective to detect those parameters that limit the efficiency of methods for commercial application. Selection in potato for resistance to late blight will be highlighted as an example. Maps, genes and markers for resistance have been identified – how universal are they? Single genes and quantitative trait loci for race-specific and race non-specific resistance are known – how efficient is their use? Marker technologies based on polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization have been developed that are far more efficient than first-generation technologies – is their use in commercial breeding economical? By discussing these issues concepts will emerge that help to pave the way for marker assisted selection (MAS) in potato breeding. The most important parameters required for economical MAS include to have a clear idea of the traits to be selected for, to use proven, reliable markers, to have in place a robust system for the collection and management of DNA samples, and to use technologies whose total cost is below or equal to the cost of the conventional methods. The most striking advantages of MAS are that a breeder will obtain more information than by conventional methodology, the information will be more precise, field labour can be saved and in that way the breeding process will be intensified. The implementation of the new technology could lead to even closer collaboration of breeders and scientists. Possible disadvantages include the relative increase of laboratory and computer work within the breeding program, and possibly higher costs during the implementation phase of the new technology.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 95-105
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reakcja wzorców w testach odporności ziemniaka na Phytophthora infestans
Reaction of potato standards to Phytophthora infestans in resistance tests
Autorzy:
Sobkowiak, Sylwester
Zarzycka, Hanna
Lebecka, Renata
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42623877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
wzorce odporności
zaraza ziemniaka
late blight
resistance standards
Opis:
W latach 2000–2004 oceniano reakcje odpornościowe odmian i rodów ziemniaka stanowiących wzorce do badania odporności materiałów hodowlanych na Phytophthora infestans — sprawcy zarazy ziemniaka. Stosowano wzorce używane od wielu lat oraz takie, które włączono do badań w 2004 roku. Odporność niektórych starszych wzorców uległa przełamaniu przez nowe rasy patogena. Wzorce takie powinny być zastąpione przez odmiany lub rody ziemniaka, reagujące stabilnie pod względem ekspresji odporności. W prezentowanej pracy oceniano stabilność ekspresji odporności wzorców na P. infestans w testach listkowych, plastrowych i bulwowych. Najbardziej stabilne w testach listkowych okazały się wrażliwa odmiana Irys, odporna odmiana Wawrzyn i ród DG 94-15. W testach plastrowych najbardziej stabilne były odmiany Irys i Bzura, a ród DG 94-15 jako wzorzec odporny okazał się średnio stabilny. W teście bulwowym największą stabilnością odznaczały się odmiany Sokół i Meduza, które reagowały jak odmiany średnio odporne. Odmiana Irys będąca wzorcem wrażliwości, w teście bulwowym reagowała bardzo stabilnie, ale na pograniczu odmian podatnych i średnio odpornych. Wysoką wartość współczynników korelacji obserwowano w testach listkowych i plastrowych między poszczególnymi latami oraz w testach plastrowych między poszczególnymi terminami testów. Wysoka stabilność porażenia wzorców w testach listkowych i plastrowych wskazuje na przydatność tych metod do oceny odporności ziemniaka na P. infestans. Zmienna reakcja wzorców w teście bulwowym wskazuje na konieczność analizy stabilności wzorców bądź dopracowanie metody oceny odporności bulw w tym teście. Z odmian stanowiących grupę standardów zalecanych przez projekt Eucablight, które oceniano w testach listkowych przez jeden rok, najmniejszą zmiennością charakteryzowały się odmiana Bintje jako wzorzec podatności i odmiany Escort i Robijn jako wzorce średnio odporne.
Resistance reaction to Phytophthora infestans of potato standards used for a long time and of those introduced lately were examined in laboratory tests in 2000–2004. The resistance of some older standards has been broken down by the new P. infestans races. These standards ought to be replaced by the new ones, showing stability in the expression of resistance. The level and stability of resistance expression was evaluated in tests performed on leaflets, tuber slices and in whole tubers. High values of correlation coefficients were observed among years for leaflet tests, and among dates for tuber slices tests. These results indicate that the both choice of tests and their realization were correct. Highly stable reaction of standards in both leaflet and tuber slices tests confirmed the proper use of methods applied to assess the resistance and a suitable choice of the standard. However, the whole tuber test was found to be less stable and it ought to be improved. In leaflet tests, the most stable expression of resistance was observed in a susceptible standard cv. Irys, resistant cv. Wawrzyn and clone DG 94-15. The resistance reaction in tuber slice tests was most stable in the susceptible standard cv. Irys and moderately resistant cv. Bzura, whereas it was medium stable in the resistant standard clone DG 94–15. In the whole tuber tests, the expressions of resistance was most stable in the standard cv. Irys, moderately resistant cvs Sokół and Meduza, and it was medium stable in the clone DG 94-15.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2009, 251; 253-268
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resistance of Phytophthora infestans in three Solanum nigrum F3 families
Autorzy:
Śliwka, Jadwiga
Tomczyńska, Iga
Chmielarz, Marcin
Stefańczyk, Emil
Lebecka, Renata
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199665.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-08-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
black nightshade
inheritance
late blight
potato
Solanum tuberosum
virulence
Opis:
Solanum nigrum is a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a few Solanaceae species native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host  for Phytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), S. nigrum can suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistant S. nigrum genotypes  have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2 plants and 15 F3 lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3 lines, originating from crosses between  a susceptible and three different  resistant  S. nigrum accessions  followed  by two self-pollinations.  Parental  acces- sions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48 P. infestans isolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3 lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance to P. infestans. Laboratory  detached leaf assays were  performed in two dates and two replications  of three leaves  each.  Segregation  of the trait  within the line  allowed  us  to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3 family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible  homozygotes  was 1:2:1, indicating  that  a single  gene is  most likely  underlying  the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2012, 66; 63-73
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fungicydy zarejestrowane do zwalczania alternariozy i zarazy ziemniaka - nowości i zmiany
Fungicides registered to control early and late blight - news and changes
Autorzy:
Osowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
ziemniaki
choroby roslin
choroby grzybowe
alternarioza ziemniaka
zaraza ziemniaka
zwalczanie chorob roslin
fungicydy
ochrona roslin
Opis:
Chemiczna ochrona plantacji według założeń integrowanej ochrony roślin jest jednym z jej elementów i powinna być stosowana jako uzupełnienie pozostałych metod. W przypadku alternariozy i zarazy ziemniaka ze względu na znaczenie sprawców i ich możliwości rozprzestrzeniania się oraz wysokość strat stosowanie fungicydów jest głównym elementem ograniczania ich rozwoju. Właściwy dobór środ- ków ochrony, uwzględniający ich sposób przemieszczania się oraz mechanizm działania, uzupełniony prawidłową agrotechniką, jest gwarancją skutecznego ograniczenia strat w czasie wegetacji ziemnia- ka.
Źródło:
Ziemniak Polski; 2021, 31, 2; 34-47
1425-4263
Pojawia się w:
Ziemniak Polski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phytophthora Infestans: Isolation of Pure Cultures, Storage and Inoculum Preparation
Autorzy:
Sobkowiak, Sylwester
Śliwka, Jadwiga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
cryopreservation
isolate
late blight
potato
rye B agar medium
Opis:
Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, economically the most important disease of these plant species. The Oomycete pathogen is frequently sampled, isolated to pure cultures, stored, and char-acterized. The knowledge of its diversity, migrations and evolution is essential for breeding resistant plants and for designing appropriate control strategies. The article presents methods for collection, storage and prep-aration of P. infestans isolates for inoculation of plant tissues, based on the publication by Zarzycka (2001), later updated and modified.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2017, 76; 9-15
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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