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Tytuł:
Deterioration of Mechanical Properties of MBE-Grown, Metastable Semiconductor Layer with Time: the Case of Zinc Blende MnTe
Autorzy:
Adamiak, S.
Dynowska, E.
Dziedzic, A.
Szmuc, K.
Janik, E.
Wiater, M.
Wojtowicz, T.
Szuszkiewicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1185914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cp
62.20.-x
64.60.My
Opis:
Several few μm thick (001)-oriented, metastable MnTe layers with the zinc blende structure grown onto (001)GaAs substrate by MBE during different periods for the last twenty years were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation methods. A partial decomposition of the oldest investigated layers was demonstrated. An important decrease of Young's modulus from about 34 GPa to about 17 GPa, resulting from a deterioration of the crystal structure of such layers, was found.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 130, 5; 1248-1250
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of a Voltage Effect on CdZnTe Crystal Dimensions
Autorzy:
Aleszkiewicz, P.
Wojciechowski, T.
Fronc, K.
Kolkovsky, V.
Janik, E.
Jakieła, R.
Mycielski, A.
Karczewski, G.
Aleszkiewicz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
73.40.Ns
73.61.Ga
77.90.+k
Opis:
In this work we studied the influence of an external electric voltage on spatial dimensions of CdZnTe mixed crystals. In order to get an absolute magnitude of the sample thickness and to gain insight to the changes of lateral dimension, in quasi-bulk 3 μm thick CdZnTe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy square craters were formed by ion sputtering in a secondary ion mass spectrometer. The vertical and lateral dimensions of the craters were studied by the atomic force microscopy. The atomic force microscopy measurement revealed that the thickness of the CdZnTe layer increases in a result of applying a single voltage pulse to the sample surface and decreases reversibly after applying reversely biased voltage. The voltage triggering was high enough to switch the conductivity state of the sample i.e., the effect of thickness change is accompanied by the effect of conductivity switching. The thickness change is significant, reaching several percents of the entire layer thickness.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 5; 1041-1047
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kierunki zagospodarowania osadów w Polsce po roku 2013
Directions management of sludge in Poland after 2013
Autorzy:
Bień, J.
Neczaj, E.
Worwąg, M
Grosser, A.
Nowak, D.
Milczarek, M.
Janik, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/296855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
osady ściekowe
unieszkodliwianie osadów ściekowych
sewage sludge
disposal of the sewage sludge
Opis:
Wzrost masy generowanych osadów ściekowych obserwowany przez ostatnie lata oraz zakaz możliwości ich składowania po 1 stycznia 2013 roku sprawia, że zagospodarowanie komunalnych osadów ściekowych stało się bardzo ważnym problemem ekologicznym, technicznym i ekonomicznym. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby oraz aspekty prawne zagospodarowania osadów ściekowych. Wybór metody unieszkodliwiania osadów ściekowych jest związany z ich właściwościami fizyczno-chemicznymi, a w szczególności z zawartością metali ciężkich. Rygorystyczne kryteria związane z przyrodniczym użytkowaniem osadów ściekowych w celu zabezpieczenia rozprzestrzeniania się w środowisku substancji niebezpiecznych oraz zagrożeń biologicznych wpłynęły na coraz większe zainteresowanie innymi technologiami utylizacji osadów ściekowych. Stąd też wydaje się, że docelowym kierunkiem wykorzystania odpadów z oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych będą przede wszystkim metody termiczne ich utylizacji jako bezpieczna ekologicznie i uzasadniona ekonomicznie metoda zagospodarowania osadów ściekowych.
Disposal of the sewage sludge is a very important ecological, technical and economical problem mainly due to increase of the amount of sewages sludge generated and Regulation of the Ministry of Economy and Labor, which introduced a ban from the date of January 1, 2013, of the sewage sludge storage. The amount of sludge produced is affected in a limited scale by the treatment efficiency while the sludge quality is strongly dependent on the original pollution load of the treated effluent and also, on the technical and design features of the waste water treatment process. Currently, the predominant method for the disposal of sewage sludge is storage and agriculture application. The article presents methods and legal aspects of sewage sludge management. There is a wide range of analyzed and proposed solutions for municipal sewage sludge utilization. However, there are serious legal constrains determining this choice. Agricultural use of a row sludge or other composting practices are the best way for using this waste. However, a significant amount of sewage sludge cannot be used as fertilizer due to the high heavy metal content. For that reasons, there is a large and pressing need for the development of thermal methods for the disposal of sludge. Thermal treatment (pyrolysis, gasification and combustion) is an interesting technique to stabilize sewage sludge for disposal. Processes for thermal utilization of sludge can be developed at existing installations (heating plants, power plants, or cement plants) or in newly built facilities.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, 14, 4; 375-384
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ poliuretanów z syntetycznym polihydroksymaślanem na wzrost mikroorganizmów
Influence of polyurethanes based on synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) on micoorganisms growth
Autorzy:
Brzeska, J.
Janik, H.
Kowalczuk, M.
Rutkowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
poliuretany
mikroorganizmy
polihydroksymaślan
polyurethanes
microorganisms
polyhydroxybutyrate
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań oddziaływania nowych alifatycznych poliuretanów (PUR), otrzymanych z udziałem ataktycznego poli([R,S]-3- hydroksymaślanu (a-PHB), na wzrost Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli i Candida albicans wokół próbek polimerów. Strefa zahamowania wzrostu mikroorganizmów oznaczona została także dla handlowego, biomedycznego poliuretanu - ChronoThane T oraz dla czystego rozpuszczalnika, użytego do syntezy poliuretanów (N,N-dimetyloformamidu). Najbardziej wrażliwym na działanie materiału poliuretanowego w warunkach prowadzenia doświadczenia był szczep Staphylococcus aureus, najmniej zaś - Candida albicans. Wykluczono wpływ czystego rozpuszczalnika na wzrost mikroorganizmów. Natomiast ChronoThane T tylko w niewielkim stopniu ograniczył ich wzrost. Stwierdzono więc, że obecność poli([R,S]- 3-hydroksymaślanu w strukturze poliuretanów wpłynęła na ich właściwości biostatyczne.
In the present study the influence of novel aliphatic polyurethanes (PUR), based on atactic poly([R,S]-3- hydroxybutyrate) (a-PHB), on growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in the area around polymer samples has been estimated. For comparison measurement of zone of inhibition was also performed for ChronoThane T – the medical grade aliphatic polyurethane and for pure solvent - N,N-dimethylformamide used in the synthesis of polyurethanes. Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism to polymer material in conditions of investigation whereas Candida albicans – the most resistant. The influence of pure solvent on microorganisms growth was excluded and ChronoThane T only in small degree restricted bacterial vitality so it was concluded that presence of poly([R,S]-hydroxybutyrate) in polymer structure was responsible for biostatic properties of obtained polyurethanes.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2011, 14, no. 106-108; 73-78
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wstępne badania biokompatybilności poliuretanów otrzymanych z udziałem syntetycznego polihydroksymaślanu
Preliminary investigations of biocompatibility of polyurethanes based on synthetic polyhydroxybutyrate
Autorzy:
Brzeska, J.
Janik, H.
Kowalczuk, M.
Rutkowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
biokompatybilność
poliuretany
polihydroksymaślan
biocompatibility
polyurethanes
polyhydroxybutyrate
Opis:
Zastosowanie w syntezie poliuretanów niemal zupełnie amorficznego ataktycznego poli([R,S]-3- hydroksmaślanu), bliskiego stanu, w jakim polihydroksymaślan naturalnie występuje w komórce, prowadzić może do otrzymania biokompatybilnego i biodegradowalnego materiału dla zastosowań medycznych. Celem pracy było oznaczenie sorpcji oleju, ekstrakcja wodą i heksanem poliuretanów otrzymanych z udziałem poli([R,S]-3-hydroksmaślanu) oraz ich wpływu na parametry krwi. Wysoka sorpcja oleju roślinnego przez próbki poliuretanów otrzymane z udziałem PTMG i poli([R,S]-3-hydroksmaślanu) oraz przebieg widm FTIR po ekstrakcji heksanem wskazują na potencjalną podatność tych polimerów na działanie tłuszczy w organizmie żywym. Nieznaczny tylko wpływ na parametry krwi, oznaczony przez porównanie wartości parametrów hematologicznych pełnej krwi po kontakcie z próbkami polimerów z próbką kontrolną, wskazuje na celowość dalszych badań w kierunku oznaczenia potencjalnej hemokompatybilności otrzymanych poliuretanów.
Using in polyurethanes synthesis almost completely amorphous, atactic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) which is close to its original state in the cell, ought to let to obtain biocompatible and biodegradable material useful for medical application. The aim of work was to measure of oil sorption by obtained polyurethanes, based on poly([R,S]-3-hydroxy- butyrate), and their water and hexane extraction and the estimation of their influence on blood parameters. The high oil sorption by polyurethane samples synthesized with polyoxytetramethylene diol and poly([R,S]- 3-hydroxybutyrate) in soft segments and FTIR spectra of dry residue after hexane extraction indicate on potential susceptibility of those polyurethanes to lipids in living organism. Insignificant influence on blood parameters, estimated by comparison of values of hematologic parameters of whole blood contacted to polymers’ samples and control probe indicate on purposefulness of further tests to verify the hemocompatibility of obtained polyurethanes.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2011, 14, no. 106-108; 65-72
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topographical, Magnetic and Optical Studies of (II,Mn)VI Quantum Structures Grown on (Ga,Mn)As
Autorzy:
Butkutė, R.
Aleszkiewicz, M.
Janik, E.
Cywiński, G.
Wojnar, P.
Däweritz, L.
Primus, J.
De Boeck, J.
Kossut, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
81.15.Hi
07.79.Pk
78.55.-m
Opis:
We report on an overgrowth of quantum structures consisting of diluted magnetic semiconductor CdMnTe quantum wells with non-magnetic barriers made of CdMgTe or ZnTe on ferromagnetic MnAs and GaMnAs films by molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy images of the quantum structures grown on MnAs demonstrated the existence of two types of regions on the surface: protruded islands with micrometric sizes, surrounded by areas of small-scale roughness. Magnetic force microscopy study of these samples revealed a magnetic domain structure only on the above mentioned islands. The (II,Mn)VI quantum wells grown on GaMnAs films exhibited relatively smooth surface, but no magnetic force microscopy signal was measurable either before or after magnetizing the sample. In the luminescence spectra of all our quantum structures the emission attributed to CdMnTe quantum wells was observed. The influence of magnetization on the luminescence line position was investigated.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2003, 103, 6; 649-657
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elastic Properties of Zinc Blende MnTe
Autorzy:
Djemia, P.
Roussigné, Y.
Stashkevich, A.
Szuszkiewicz, W.
Gonzalez Szwacki, N.
Dynowska, E.
Janik, E.
Kowalski, B. J.
Karczewski, G.
Bogusławski, P.
Jouanne, M.
Morhange, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
62.20.Dc
75.50.Pp
78.35.+c
Opis:
The Brillouin light scattering was used to investigate elastic properties of the zinc blende, MBE-grown MnTe layer that was deposited on a (001) GaAs substrate covered by CdTe buffer layer. The three elastic constants of the zinc blende MnTe, namely c$\text{}_{11}$, c$\text{}_{12}$, and c$\text{}_{44}$, were directly determined for the first time from the frequency of the Rayleigh mode, of the pseudo-surface mode, and of the shear horizontal bulk mode traveling parallel to the layer surface. The value of c$\text{}_{11}$ was checked using the frequency of longitudinal bulk waves propagating at different angles from the normal of the layer plane. This value was also independently determined by results of the folding of acoustic phonons, observed for MnTe/CdTe superlattices by the Raman scattering. Finally, the bulk modulus given by the formula B=(c$\text{}_{11}$+2c$\text{}_{12}$)/3 was determined for zinc blende MnTe by ab initio calculations making use of the density functional theory and atomic pseudopotentials; spin polarization of MnTe was taken into account. A satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental values was obtained.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 106, 2; 239-247
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlation between peripheral blood cell transcriptomic profile and clinical parameters of chronic mitral valve disease in Dachshunds
Autorzy:
Garncarz, M.
Hulanicka, M.
Maciejewski, H.
Parzeniecka-Jaworska, M.
Janik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
Studies identifying specific pathologically expressed genes have been performed on diseased myocardial tissue samples, however less invasive studies on gene expression of peripheral blood mononucleated cells give promising results. This study assessed transcriptomic data that may be used to evaluate Dachshunds with chronic mitral valve disease. Dachshunds with different stages of heart disease were compared to a control, healthy group. Microarray data analysis revealed clusters of patients with similar expression profiles. The clusters were compared to the clinical classification scheme. Unsupervised classification of the studied groups showed three clusters. Clinical and laboratory parameters of patients from the cluster 1 were in accordance with those found in patients without heart disease. Data obtained from patients from the cluster 3 were typical of advanced heart failure patients. Comparison of the cluster 1 and 3 groups revealed 1133 differentially expressed probes, 7 significantly regulated process pathways and 2 significantly regulated Ariadne Metabolic Pathways. This study may serve as a guideline for directing future research on gene expression in chronic mitral valve disease.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2016, 19, 4
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphology and Selected Properties of Core/Shell ZnTe-Based Nanowire Structures Containing ZnO
Autorzy:
Gas, K.
Janik, E.
Zaleszczyk, W.
Pasternak, I.
Dynowska, E.
Fronc, K.
Kolkovsky, V.
Kret, S.
Morhange, J. F.
Reszka, A.
Wiater, M.
Caliebe, W.
Karczewski, G.
Kowalski, B. J.
Szuszkiewicz, W.
Wojtowicz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
68.37.Hk
68.37.Lp
68.65.La
81.07.Vb
Opis:
We report on an approach to fabricate ZnTe-based core/shell radial heterostructures containing ZnO, as well as on some of their physical properties. The molecular beam epitaxy grown ZnTe nanowires constituted the core of the investigated structures and the ZnO shells were obtained by thermal oxidation of ZnTe NWs. The influence of the parameters characterizing the oxidation process on selected properties of core/shell NWs were examined. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes of the NWs morphology for various conditions of the oxidation process. X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering measurements were applied to reveal the presence of ZnTe single crystal core and polycrystalline ZnO-shell of investigated structure.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 5; 612-614
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Injection of Optically Generated Spins through Magnetic Nonmagnetic Heterointerface: Ruling out Possible Detection Artifacts
Autorzy:
Ghali, M.
Kossut, J.
Janik, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.67.-n
73.61.Ga
Opis:
We report on injection of optically created spin-polarized carriers into CdTe-based materials. The injected spins are initially aligned in a diluted magnetic semiconductor CdMnTe layer located on the top of CdMgTe layer in CdMnTe/CdMgTe spintronic generic model structures. A critical discussion of possible artifacts that may complicate the spin detection and its quantitative analysis is given. Although the spin injection efficiency, 80%, has been found by us to be basically independent of the thickness of the spin detecting layer, there is an essential difference between thin and wide detectors related to the strain-induced lifting of the valence band degeneracy in the former, when assessing the efficiency of the spin injection. Most importantly, we observe an effect of switching the spin injection process on and off by an external magnetic field variation within a relatively narrow field range. This effect can be achieved by a careful design of the interface between the diluted magnetic semiconductor and the non-magnetic semiconductor.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 106, 2; 207-214
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnetization of GaMnN Ceramics Prepared from Nanopowders by an Anaerobic Synthesis and High-Pressure High-Temperature Sintering
Autorzy:
Gosk, J.
Drygaś, M.
Janik, J.
Gierlotka, S.
Pałosz, B.
Twardowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.50.Mm
81.07.Wx
81.07.-b
Opis:
Herein, we report a study on magnetic properties of GaMnN ceramics prepared by no additive high-pressure high-temperature sintering of a range of nanopowders, the latter made via an anaerobic synthesis method in the Ga/Mn bimetallic system at various nitridation temperatures and different levels of initial Mn concentration. Measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature and magnetic field for the ceramics and parent nanopowders showed a typical paramagnetic behavior. Antiferromagnetic interactions between Mn-ions incorporated in the GaN lattice, GaMnN, were revealed and shown to be much stronger in the ceramics than in the respective nanopowders. In addition, in all of these materials an antiferromagnetic contribution originating from a residual Mn₂SiO₄ by-product was also observed. The highest calculated Mn concentration in the nanopowders reached 3.4 at.%. Complex mixtures of gallium nitride polytypes with multimodal particle size distributions in the nanosized range (small nano: 2-8 nm, large nano: 35-60 nm) were converted upon sintering to the single hexagonal GaN phase with average crystallite sizes of 40-80 nm and higher. For the optimal 700°C-treated materials, the Mn concentration in the parent GaMnN nanopowder was 3.2 at.% whereas in the derived ceramics it amounted to 5.5 at.%. At the same time, contributions of the adventitious Mn₂SiO₄ by-product significantly decreased upon sintering.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 1a; A-103-A-106
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lithospheric structure of the western part of the East European Craton investigated by deep seismic profiles
Autorzy:
Grad, M.
Janik, T.
Guterch, A.
Środa, P.
Czuba, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
East European Craton
crustal structure
mantle reflectors
deep seismic refraction
seismic ray tracing
Opis:
The Palaeoproterozoic collision of Archaean Fennoscandia, Volgo-Uralia and Sarmatia, viewed as a large composite of terranes, each with an independent history during Archaean and Early Proterozoic time, formed the East European Craton. This paper summarizes the results of deep seismic sounding investigations of the lithospheric structure of the southwestern part of the East European Craton. On the basis of the modern EUROBRIDGE’94–97, POLONAISE’97 and CELEBRATION 2000 projects, as well as of data from the Coast Profile and from reinterpreted profiles VIII and XXIV, the main tectonic units of Fennoscandia and Sarmatia are characterized. The crustal thickness in the whole area investigated is relatively uniform, being between 40 and 50 km (maximum about 55 km). For Fennoscandia, the crystalline crust of the craton can be generally divided into three parts, while in Sarmatia the transition between the middle and lower crust is smooth. For both areas, relatively high P-wave velocities ( 7.0 km/s) were observed in the lower crust. Relatively high seismic velocities of the sub-Moho mantle (~8.2–8.3 km/s) were observed along most of the profiles. The uppermost mantle reflectors often occur ca. 10 to 15 km below the Moho. Finally, we show the variability in physical properties for the major geological domains of Fennoscandia and Sarmatia, which were crossed by the network of our profiles.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2006, 50, 1; 9-22
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pilot study of the influence of thermoplastic starch based polymer packaging material on the growth of diatom population in sea water environment
Autorzy:
Guzman, A.M.
Janik, H.Z.
Mastalerz, M.
Kosakowska, A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
skrobia termoplastyczna
opakowanie
biodegradacja
okrzemki
woda morska
thermoplastic starch
packaging
biodegradation
diatom
seawater environment
Opis:
Novel polymeric packaging materials susceptible to environmentally friendly decomposition appeared on the global market. The paper is devoted to an investigation of the impact of degradable polymer packaging on marine life. The chosen polymer was a commercial packaging based on thermoplastic starch (TPS over 85%). The microorganism chosen was Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom (identified in many aquatic reservoirs, with a tendency to flow with seawater plankton in places of great saline oscillation). The packaging material was incubated both in natural seawater and in the presence of diatom population. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of diatom growth in the presence of tested polymers. The polymer surface and the colour changes in the diatom culture were recorded photographically. The presence of polymeric samples significantly changed the kinetic of diatom growth in seawater during incubation affecting its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater, diatom adhered to polymer surfaces and the polymer stimulated their growth.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2011, 13, 2; 57-61
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wear Mechanisms Analysis of Dies Used in the Process of Hot Forging a Valve Made of High Nickel Steel
Autorzy:
Hawryluk, M.
Gronostajski, Z.
Kaszuba, M.
Krawczyk, J.
Widomski, P.
Ziemba, J.
Zwierzchowski, M.
Janik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tool wear
tools durability
destructive mechanisms
valve engine
high nickel steel
Opis:
The study presents a durability analysis of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve-type forging from high nickel steel assigned to be applied in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of producing exhaust valves is realized in the forward extrusion technology and next through forging in closed dies. It is difficult to master, mainly due to the increased adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel) to the tool’s substrate. The mean durability of tools made of tool steel W360, subjected to thermal treatment and nitriding, equals about 1000 forgings. In order to perform a thorough analysis, complex investigations were carried out, which included: a macroscopic analysis combined with laser scanning, numerical modelling by FEM, microstructural tests on a scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy (metallographic), as well as hardness tests. The preliminary results showed the presence of traces of abrasive wear, fatigue cracks as well as traces of adhesive wear and plastic deformation on the surface of the dies. Also, the effect of the forging material being stuck to the tool surface was observed, caused by the excessive friction in the forging’s contact with the tool and the presence of intermetallic phases in the nickel-chromium steel. The obtained results demonstrated numerous tool cracks, excessive friction, especially in the area of sectional reduction, as well as sticking of the forging material, which, with insufficient control of the tribological conditions, may be the cause of premature wear of the dies.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1963-1974
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 78

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