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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    The oldest “intermetamorphic” larva of an achelatan lobster from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, South Germany
    Autorzy:
    Haug, J.T.
    Haug, C.
    Schweigert, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22035.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Opis:
    Achelatan lobsters, also known as spiny and slipper lobsters, develop via a highly specialised larval form. This special larva, phyllosoma, is flat, translucent, possesses elongate legs and can grow to enormous sizes. Although these larvae may appear very fragile, they are well-known as fossils. Thousands of specimens have been found in the lithographic limestone of Southern Germany (Tithonian, Upper Jurassic, about 150 mya). At least three types of fossil, but modern-appearing phyllosoma larvae are known. Additionally, fossil larvae that possess only some of the characters of modern-day phyllosoma larvae are known from the same Lagerstätte, but also from the younger limestone beds of Lebanon. Here we report a new achelatan fossil from the older Posidonia Shale (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic, 175–183 mya). The specimen shows certain characters of a phyllosoma larva, but other characters appear like those of post-phyllosoma stages of achelatan lobsters. This specimen is therefore the oldest occurrence of an achelatan lobster larva. We compare the new specimen with other fossil larvae with such mixed or “intermetamorphic” morphologies.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2019, 64, 4
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evolution of reproductive strategies in dictyopteran insects-clues from ovipositor morphology of extinct roachoids
    Autorzy:
    Hornig, M.K.
    Haug, C.
    Schneider, J.W.
    Haug, J.T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20361.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Opis:
    Dictyoptera, which comprises cockroaches, termites and mantids, is a quite successful group of insects in evolutionary terms with a long fossil record—roachoid insects were already abundant 315 million years ago in the Carboniferous forests. One of the most remarkable autapomorphies of extant dictyopterans, and possibly a major factor for their persisting success, is the ability to produce oothecae. Despite the robustness of this sort of egg package, fossils of oothecae are very rare, the oldest direct evidences being from the Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (115 mya). The ability to produce oothecae is presumably linked to a specific ovipositor morphology, including a significant length reduction. Hence, ovipositor morphology can indirectly inform about the reproductive strategy of a species. Herein we describe the ovipositor morphology of various fossil forms of dictyopteran insects. Early fossil roachoids, in contrast to the modern forms, possessed a very long and prominent ovipositor, reminiscent of the ovipositor in orthopterans (Ensifera), indicating that these forms laid individual, rather small eggs into a substrate. We present examples from different fossil deposits, which show the entire range of ovipositor morphologies, from very long forms over forms with ovipositors partly reduced in length to modernappearing morphologies. Most remarkably, different shapes of ovipositors seem to be present in roachoids in the fauna of the 115 million years old Crato Formation—species with long prominent ovipositors co-existed with species with a reduced short and broad ovipositor. Additionally, females that carry oothecae attached to their abdomen indicate a third type of ovipositor: a further reduced ovipositor as seen in modern forms, which already allowed the internal production of oothecae.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2018, 63, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Marrella-like arthropod from Cambrian of Australia: A new link between "Orsten"-type and Burgess Shale assemblages
    Autorzy:
    Haug, J.T.
    Castellani, C.
    Haug, C.
    Waloszek, D.
    Maas, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22592.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Marrella-like arthropod
    arthropod
    Cambrian
    Australia
    Arthropoda
    Marrellomorpha
    Austromarrella
    paleoecology
    Lagerstatte
    phosphatization
    Opis:
    An isolated exopod in uncompressed three−dimensional “Orsten”−type preservation from the Cambrian of Australia represents a new species of Marrellomorpha, Austromarrella klausmuelleri gen. et sp. nov. The exopod is composed of at least 17 annuli. Each of the proximal annuli carries a pair of lamellae: one lamella on the lateral side and one on the median side. The distal annuli bear stout spines in the corresponding position instead of lamellae, most likely representing early ontogenetic equivalents of the lamellae. The new find extends the geographical range of the taxon Marrellomorpha. Additionally, it offers a partial view into marrellomorph ontogeny. The occurrence of a marrellomorph fragment in “Orsten”−type preservation provides new palaeo−ecological insights into the possible connections between the “Orsten” biotas and other fossil Lagerstätten. Finding such connections is necessary for understanding the complex ecosystems of early Palaeozoic times.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2013, 58, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited
    Autorzy:
    Stein, M
    Waloszek, D.
    Maas, A.
    Haug, J.T.
    Muller, K.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22166.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    morphology
    stem lineage
    Crustacea
    paleontology
    arthropod
    computer-aided 3D modelling
    Middle Cambrian
    phylogenesis
    evolution
    Arthropoda
    Oelandocaris oelandica
    life habitat
    Opis:
    The arthropod Oelandocaris oelandica from the upper Middle Cambrian “Orsten” of Sweden was recently recognized as a member of the early phase of crustacean evolution based on additional morphological detail from new specimens. Here we present a detailed investigation of all available material. It includes the description of a 400 μm long specimen probably representing an early developmental stage. Variation in size correlated with variation of trunk−segment numbers allowed recognition of different instars. The largest specimens do not exceed an estimated length of about 1 mm, indicating that our material may consist only of immature specimens. The characteristic, extremely long antennula of O. oelandica branches into three long rods. It may have served as the major structure to sweep in food, aided by the two subsequent appendages. These and the more posterior limbs were also responsible for locomotion. Minute pores on the outer edges of the posterior limbs and on the trunk tergites possibly contained sensilla originally, which may have served as water−current detectors. The presence of a minute proximal endite only on the third head appendage suggests a rather basal position of this species within Crustacea, because comparable developmental stages of other known stem crustaceans have such an endite on more of their appendages. Reconstruction of O. oelandica and its life attitudes (referred to the largest instar known) benefited from the application of 3D modelling. These helped, e.g., in identifying the combination of the plesiomorphic feeding function of the antennulae and the specialisation of the exopods of the next two appendages as a step toward the development of a sweep−net mode of feeding, one of the key novelties in the evolution of Crustacea. Such a mode of feeding coupled with locomotion of the three anterior appendages is still practiced in the naupliar and metanaupliar phases of many extant eucrustaceans, and even some adults.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2008, 53, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new glimpse on trophic interactions of 100-million-year old lacewing larvae
    Autorzy:
    Hornig, M.K.
    Kiesmuller, C.
    Muller, P.
    Haug, C.
    Haug, J.T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082238.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Neuroptera
    Nymphidae
    food-web reconstruction
    Burmese amber
    larvae
    syninclusions
    Cretaceous
    Myanmar
    Opis:
    Larvae of lacewings (Neuroptera) are known to be fierce predators. According to the morphology of fossil forms this seems to have been the case already in the Early Cretaceous. While being predators, lacewing larvae are also food items for other organisms. Here we report two pieces of amber from Myanmar providing instances of such cases. In one amber piece several isolated stylets of lacewing larvae are preserved closely associated together. The most likely interpretation is that a predator preying on lacewing larvae has regurgitated or defecated these non-digestible pieces, yet the identity of the predator remains unclear. The other amber piece preserves a larva resembling modern day larvae of split-footed lacewings (Nymphidae). The larva has projections on its trunk, allowing it to wear a camouflaging cloak. In the head region, a mite (Acari) is attached to the larva; more precisely, the entire anterior body region of the mite is apparently inserted into the lacewing larva. The mite is smaller than the larva. It is known from the modern fauna that stage 1 larvae of Ascalaphidae can be attacked also by rather small predators, such as ants. The mite can therefore well be interpreted as a true predator instead of a parasite, especially considering the unusual mode of attachment. We briefly review interactions of lacewing larvae with other organisms represented in amber from Myanmar and add two new pieces to the puzzle of reconstructing the trophic interactions in the 100-million-year old amber forest.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2020, 65, 4; 777-786
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach
    Autorzy:
    Herrera-Florez, A.F.
    Braig, F.
    Haug, C.
    Neumann, C.
    Wunderlich, J.
    Hornig, M.K.
    Haug, J.T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082151.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Insecta
    Myrmeleontidae
    Ascalaphidae
    compression fossil
    fossil larva
    Cretaceous
    Crato Formation
    Brazil
    Opis:
    Neuroptera is one of the smaller ingroups of Holometabola, the ingroup of Insecta characterised by “complete” metamorphosis. Neuroptera comprises about 6000 species in the modern fauna, but appears to have been more diverse in the past. While adults distantly resemble certain moths or damselflies, the larval forms of Neuroptera are mostly fierce predators with prominent venom-injecting stylets. The most well-known of these larvae are probably those of antlions. Antlions and their closer relatives (silky lacewings, split-footed lacewings, ribbon-winged lacewings, spoon-winged lacewings, and owlflies) form a distinct monophyletic ingroup of Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia, hence the antlion-like forms. The fossil record of antlion-like larvae dates back far into the Cretaceous; many forms are known by exceptionally wellpreserved specimens entrapped in amber. The oldest fossil record of a neuropteran larva (not an antlion-like form) comes from Lebanese amber. Interestingly, the supposedly oldest record of an antlion-like larva is preserved in rock and comes from the famous Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation. We re-evaluate this fossil based on high-resolution composite photography. Due to the non-availability of many key characters, standard procedures for identifying the specimen to a more narrow ingroup remains challenging. Therefore, we used a morphometric approach. A combination of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), parallel coordinate plots and discriminant function analysis indicates that the fossil is a representative of the group Ascalaphidae (owlflies) + Myrmeleontidae (antlions). We discuss implications of this result for the fossil record of neuropteran larvae. These include the rather derived morphology of the oldest fossil larva of Myrmeleontiformia in contrast to previous expectations. Furthermore, fossils from soil dwellers can not only be expected to be found in amber, but also as compression fossils.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2020, 65, 2; 235-250
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Integrating LFG’s binding theory with PCDRT
    Autorzy:
    Dalrymple, M.
    Haug, D. T. T.
    Lowe, J. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103923.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
    Tematy:
    anaphora
    binding theory
    Lexical Functional Grammar
    Partial Compositional Discourse Representation Theory
    Opis:
    We provide a formal model for the interaction of syntax and pragmatics in the interpretation of anaphoric binding constraints on personal and reflexive pronouns. We assume a dynamic semantics, where type e expressions introduce discourse referents, and contexts are assignments of individuals to discourse referents. We adopt the Partial Compositional Discourse Representation Theory (PCDRT) of Haug (2014b), whereby anaphoric resolution is modelled in terms of a pragmatically-established relation between discourse referents. We integrate PCDRT into the constraint-based grammatical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and show how it is possible to state syntactic constraints on the pragmatic resolution of singular and plural anaphora within this framework.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Language Modelling; 2018, 6, 1; 87-129
    2299-856X
    2299-8470
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Language Modelling
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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