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Tytuł:
A semi-Markov model of fuel combustion process in a diesel engine
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Opis:
A four-state model of the combustion process in working spaces (cylinders) of a diesel engine is presented in the form of a semi-Markov process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The values in this process are the states : s1, s2, s3, s4 corresponding to commonly accepted types of combustion in those engines, namely : s1 - the process state which corresponds to total (complete and perfect) combustion, s2 - the process state which corresponds to incomplete combustion, s3 - the process state which corresponds to imperfect combustion, and s4 - the process state which corresponds to both incomplete and imperfect combustion. It is also mentioned that proper use of diesel engines can secure a correct course of the combustion process, if it is properly attended and shaped. During this course the state s4 does not take place. Formulas are given which make it possible to determine the probability of staying of the combustion process in the above named states, along with the interpretation of the probability P1 = P(s1) as the probability of correct (reliable) engine operation.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2007, S 1; 58-61
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energetyczny aspekt diagnostyki maszyn
Energy-based aspect of machine diagnostics
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
diagnostyka
działanie
maszyna
energia
stan techniczny
diagnostics
operation
machine
energy
technical state
Opis:
W artykule zaproponowano interpretację wartościującą działania, które (podobnie jak przedstawione mechanice klasycznej działania Hamiltona i Maupertiusa oraz działanie wynikające ze zmiany pędu ciała) jest rozpatrywane jako wielkość fizyczna o jednostce miary zwanej dżulosekundą [dżulxsekunda]. Przedstawiono oryginalną metodę analizy i oceny działania maszyn w ujęciu energetycznym dla potrzeb diagnostycznych. Do uzasadnienia przydatności tak interpretowanego działania zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona i proces semi-Markowa. Procesy te umożliwiły skonstruowanie modelu przebiegu pogarszania się działania maszyny z upływem czasu jej funkcjonowania. Modelem tym jest więc proces losowy Poissona lub semi-Markova. Rozważania dotyczące energetycznego aspektu diagnostyki maszyn przedstawiono na przykładzie silników spalinowych, w szczególności silników o zapłonie samoczynnym.
The paper presents a proposal of quantitative interpretation of operation which (just like in physics: the operations of Hamilton and Maupertius and the operation issuing from the changes of body momentum) is considered as a physical quantity with the unit of measure: a joule-second [joule´second]. The original method for analysis and estimation of machine operation has been showed in energy-based terms for the needs of diagnostics. In order to give the grounds for usability of such interpreted operation the homogeneous process of Poisson and process of semi-Markov have been herein applied. The two processes have enabled building a model of run of getting-worse (decreasing) operation of a machine at the lapse of its operation time. Thus, the model is a random process of Poisson or semi-Markov. The considerations concerning energy-based aspect of machine diagnostics have been provided on the example of combustion engines, mainly diesel engines.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2008, 1(45); 149-156
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic model of the load spectrum for main engines of sea-going ships
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
semi-Markov process
load
diesel engine
main engine
sea ship
Opis:
The paper presents possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes for probabilistic description of load spectrum for diesel engines employed for ship propulsion, so for main engines. The considerations include output power characteristics for this kind of engines. The characteristics have enabled formulating a four-member set of states of the process of load on the engines. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been applied for describing the real process of loads on the mentioned engines. This theory has made possible building a model of the engine loads in form of a continuous-time semi-Markov process with a four-state set of values. Properties of a Darboux continuous function, which allow considering the engine loads as the discrete-states and continuous-time processes, have been used to build the model. In consequence a limiting distribution of the occurring process of successive states of engine loads could be determined. The distribution is the probabilities of staying a sea-going ship main engine in successive states of load. The distribution is characterized by the spectrum of loads on this kind of engines. The presented model can be developed by taking into account many states of the process of main engines loading as the need is to make such a probabilistic description of the process that provides possibility of rational control of the operating process.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 187-193
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concept for interpretation and assessment of slide bearings operation in diesel engines in probabilistic approach
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
friction heat
operation
friction energy
slide bearing
friction work
Opis:
The paper provides a proposal of interpretation that valuates operations, which (just like operation of Hamilton and Maupertius shown in the classical mechanics and operation resulting from changes of body momentum) is considered as a physical quantity with: joule-second [joule x second] as a unit of measure. It presents suggestion of a quantitative interpretation of operation of a slide journal bearing, in which energetic interactions proceed at determined time. It has been here motivated that when the suggested interpretation for slide bearing operation in which energy conversions proceed, is accepted the operation can be a carrier of information about states of the systems so, it can become a diagnostic signal. Moreover, an original method of operation analysis and assessment for a slide journal bearing has been herein presented with regards to its reliability and safety. Possibilities of applying this method for the process of taking the rational operating decisions have been shown, too. The homogeneous process of Poison has been applied in order to prove usability of operation in such interpretation. This process has enabled construction of a model of the course of getting-worse operation for a bearing while the operation time goes by. Therefore, the model is a random process of homogenous and independent gains in energy lost due to friction and slide bearing wear.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 83-89
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Issue of changes in technical states of a Diesel engiene as the result of wear of its tribological systems
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
load
technical state
diesel engine
wear
Opis:
The paper shows a necessity to consider the processes of load on and wear of tribological systems in Diesel engines (and therefore the changes in their states) in real conditions as random processes. This means that mathematical models for these processes can be random functions with an argument which is time (t) and with values which are random variables such as loads and wear of particular tribological systems. The load properties for the tribological systems have been presented as the main causes of their failures. It has been signaled that a stochastic dependence should be expected between mechanical load and thermal load, whose the intensity (force) can be defined by Czuprow’s convergence coefficient. A proposal has been submitted to accept that the tribological system load in Diesel engines is a stationary process with asymptotically independent increments. The reasons for this proposal have been presented in the form of relevant hypotheses and an exemplary graph of changes in pressure and temperature in an engine cylinder under operation. Also it has been signaled that the models of wear processes in tribological systems may be stochastic processes with special properties called semi-Markov processes. The wear properties for these systems have been explained in the form of relevant hypotheses.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 31 (103); 77-82
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probabilistic concept of defining the situations possible to occur during operation of floating docks
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
floating dock
safety
model
reliability
technical object
semi-Markov process
technical state
Opis:
In this paper possibility to assess safety of floating docks as a result of application of the theory of semi-Markov processes both in the phase of their designing and operating, is outlined. Formal description of the situations which may occur during service of floating docks both those intended for building and repairing the ships, was presented. The following situations were distinguished : normal, complicated, hazardous, emergency and disastrous. A model of changing the distinguished situations was proposed in the form of a semi - Markov process with discrete set of states, and continuous with time. The mentioned situations are values of the process. An operational safety measure for dock was formulated in the form of the probability of the event consisting in occurrence of normal or complicated situation. It was proved that assessment of probability of occurrence of particular situations is possible.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2005, S 1; 34-38
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A probabilistic concept of assessment of amount of noxious substances contained in exhaust gas emitted from self-ignition engines
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
engine start-up
self-ignition engine
noxious substance
Opis:
A probabilistic concept of toxicity assessment of exhaust gas emitted from self-ignition engines was presented. Without such assessment it is not possible to determine pro-ecological merits of various transport means driven by self-ignition engines, including inland waterways passenger ships. In the concept a model of starting-up process of self-ignition engines was taken into consideration. The model was presented in the form of a semi-Markovian process, discrete in states and continuous during service. The states of the process are : the cold engine state (s1 ), warm engine state (s2) and hot engine state (s3 ). It made it possible to determine probabilities of the starting-up of engines from its particular states. For determination of mass of noxious substances contained in exhaust gas it is necessary to know the probabilities. Usefulness of the model in assessing amount of the noxious substances results from that during the starting-up of such engines many noxious substances are produced.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 2; 33-37
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model of occurrence of the situations endangering inland waterways passenger ships and the environment
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
inland waterways ship
prediction of failure probability
availability indices of ship devices
Opis:
In this paper a four-state semi-Markov model of occurrence of the situations endangering inland waterways passenger ships, is presented. The model was elaborated in the form of the semi - Markov process, values of which are kinds of the states interpreted as the following situations : normal, complicated, hazardous and emergency. An example of realization of the process of changing the situations possible to occur during trips of inland waterways passenger ships, is presented. Also, formulae are attached, which make it possible to determine probabilities of occurrence of the mentioned situations during ship trips. The formulae were interpreted as safety measures of operation of inland waterways ship. Possibility of performing statistical investigations which could provide data for determining the mentioned probabilities was also stated.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 2; 38-42
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical aspects of application and usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling the processes occurring in operational phase of technical objects
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
technical object
semi-Marcovian process
tribological unit
wear
Opis:
In the paper usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling real processes which occur in the operational phase of various technical objects, is considered. The usefulness of this theory was proved by presenting specific features of the semi-Markovian processes and physical aspects of their use as models of the processes occurring in the operational phase of the objects in question. The specific features were described with taking into account the process of changing the technical states of such objects. The physical aspects of models in the form of semi-Markovian processes were justified by postulating a hypoŹthesis by which wear process of tribological units of crucial sub-assemblies of machines, can be explained. Also, the consequences logically resulting from the hypothesis and necessary to its verification, are discusŹsed. A method for its verification is also attached. It was proved possible to model the real processes in question by means of the continuous semi-Markovian processes of finite set of states.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 3; 25-30
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method for evaluating theoretical and real operation of diesel engines in energy conversion formulation taking into account their operating indices
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
operation
energy
diesel engine
ship’s main engine
Opis:
The article proposes valuating the operation of an arbitrary diesel engine, based on the sample case of a ship’s main engine in which energy conversion processes take place in a given time. The above operation is understood as the energy transfer to the screw propeller in the given time in which the energy conversion into work and/or heat and its further transmission take place. The here proposed method for evaluating the operation of the main engines installed in marine power plants consists in comparing the operation of these engines to a physical quantity the measuring unit of which is the joule-second (joule×second). A new term is introduced which bears the name of the theoretical engine operation and is the standard (ideal) operation which can be compared to the operation of real engines revealing different levels of wear. It was shown that the calculations of the theoretical operation defined in the above way cannot make direct use of commonly known theoretical Diesel and Sabathe cycles. Instead they should use the cycles modified by heat abstraction taking place in accordance with the isobaric, or isothermal process. Other new terms introduced in the article are: the degree of excellence of energy conversion to work, considered as the measure of excellence of engine operation, and the degree of engine operation dissipation, being the measure of its real operation. It is shown that if in time t of engine operation the case takes place that: Li = idem and Le = idem, then the engine operation dissipation is equal to its mechanical efficiency.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2011, 3; 31-36
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probability measures of likelihood of diagnosis of the technical state of main combustion engines of sea-going ships
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
diagnostic system
likelihood of diagnosis
theory of semi-Markov processes
Opis:
The paper presents reasons for the need of discerning the notions: likelihood of diagnosis and rightness of diagnosis while taking operating decisions. A probability formula for establishing the right diagnosis has been derived as a likelihood measure of diagnosis. For deriving the formuła, the theory of semi-Markov processes and Bayes' formula of the conditional probability have been applied. Other probability measures of likelihood of diagnosis have been also presented. These measures concern the technical state of such important systems as combustion engines of sea-going ships. However, they can be of use also for other ship systems. The paper provides description of a stochastic decision situation following from operation of combustion engines in any operating system and on this background there is presented some proposals of applying the technical diagnostics for controlling the engine operating process. Formulating a problem for the combustion engines, solving the problem, diagnostic inference and likelihood of diagnosis as well a simplified model of combustion engine operation taking into account diagnosis and control in time of operation are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 125-132
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energetyczne ujęcie działania komór spalania okrętowych silników spalinowych tłokowych i turbinowych
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ciepło
działanie
energia chemiczna
energia wewnętrzna
komora spalania
praca
proces stochastyczny
strumień ciepła
tłokowy silnik spalinowy
turbinowy silnik spalinowy
Opis:
Przedstawiono propozycję wartościowania (ilościowego określenia) działania komór spalania tłokowych i turbinowych silników spalinowych z uwzględnieniem zachodzących w nich takich rodzajów przemiany energii jakimi są ciepło i praca. Przedstawione rozważania bazują na fakcie, że w komorach spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych zachodzi przekształcanie energii chemicznej zawartej w dostarczonym do niej paliwie (ściślej – energii chemicznej zawartej w mieszaninie paliwowo-powietrznej powstałej w tej komorze) na energię wewnętrzną spalin powstających podczas spalania paliwa. Ta forma przemiany energii została nazwana ciepłem indykowanym (Qi). Ciepło Qi odniesione do jednostki czasu t spalania paliwa zostało nazwane strumieniem ciepła ( Qi). Zwrócono uwagę, że proces spalania paliwa w komorach spalania obu rodzajów silników może być nieprawidłowy, w przypadku niewłaściwego działania ich wtryskiwaczy, co jest równoznaczne z nieprawidłowym działaniem tych komór. Działanie dowolnej komory tłokowego bądź turbinowego silnika spalinowego zostało w tym artykule zinterpretowane, jako przetwarzanie energii chemicznej zawartej w paliwie na energię wewnętrzną powstających spalin podczas spalania paliwa w ustalonym czasie. Wartościowanie tak rozumianego działania komór spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych, zaproponowane przez autora tego artykułu, polega na określeniu ilościowym tego działania za pomocą wielkości fizycznej, którą cechuje wartość liczbowa z jednostkę miary nazwaną dżulosekundą [dżulxsekunda]. Do oceny procesu pogarszania się działania komór spalania dowolnego tłokowego bądź turbinowego silnika spalinowego zaproponowano model w formie jednorodnego procesu Poissona.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2018, 13, 1; 30--46
1231-3998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of theory of semi-Markov processes to determining distribution of probabilistic process of marine accidents resulting from collision of ships
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
critical manoeuvre
port
probability
semi-Markov process
sea-going ship
Opis:
In this paper is presented possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to elaborating an eight-state model of the process of occurrence of serviceability state and unserviceability states of sea-going ships making critical manoeuvres during their entering and leaving the ports. In the analysis it was taken into account that sea-going ships are in service for a very long time t (t → ∞). The model was elaborated to determine the probability (P0) of correct execution of critical manoeuvres during ship’s entering and leaving the port as well as the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of incorrect execution of critical manoeuvres by a ship, that leads to marine accidents. It was assumed that such accidents result from: ship’s grounding on port approaching fairway, collision with a ship on port approching fairway, collision with a pierhead during passing through port entrance, collision with a hydrotechnical structure during ship’s passing through port channels, collision with a port quay during coming alongside it and collision with a ship already moored to the quay. The probability (P0) was assumed a measure of safe execution of a critical manoeuvre. The probability characterizes possibility of avoiding any collision during ship’s entering and leaving the port. The probability Pa = 1 – P0 was assumed a measure of occurrence of a collsion and - consequently - marine accident. The probability Pa was interpreted as a sum of the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of occurrence of all the selected events. In summing up the paper, attention was drawn to its merits which - in opinion of this author - are crucial for research on real process of accidents during entering the port and leaving it by sea-going ship in difficult navigation conditions.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 1; 9-13
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Model of Ship Propulsion Systems Operating Process
Model procesu eksploatacji układu napędowego statku
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
proces eksploatacji
proces semimarkowski
układ napędowy statku
EXPLO-SHIP 2004
operation process
semi-Markov process
ship propulsion system
Opis:
The paper contains a formal description of ship propulsion systems operation process. The model of the process is presented in the form of two-dimensional stochastic process of which coordinates are semi-Markov processes of the final states set. The former process describes the process of changes in technical states of ship propulsion systems, the latter - the process of changes in their operating states. A monovariate model of ship propulsion systems operation process has also been proposed.
Podano opis formalny procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków. Model tego procesu przedstawiono w formie dwuwymiarowego procesu, którego współrzędnymi są procesy semi-Markowa o skończonych zbiorach stanów. Jeden z tych procesów jest procesem zmian stanów technicznych układów napędowych a drugi - procesem zmian ich stanów eksploatacyjnych. Zaproponowano także jednowymiarowy model procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2004, 1 (73); 211-220
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie diagnostyki do decyzyjnego sterowania procesem eksploatacji urządzeń
Application of diagnostics for decision control over the process of systems operation
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
diagnostyka techniczna
eksploatacja
sterowanie decyzyjne
technical diagnostics
process of operation
decision control
Opis:
Decyzyjne sterowanie procesem eksploatacji urządzeń technicznych należy do najistotniejszych problemów w eksploatacji tych urządzeń. Rozwiązanie tego problemu i zapewnienie racjonalnego sterowania wspomnianym procesem wymaga zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej. W artykule scharakteryzowano stochastyczną sytuację decyzyjną wynikającą z funkcjonowania tak istotnych urządzeń, jakimi są silniki spalinowe, sprężarki, pompy, kotły parowe, itp. w dowolnym systemie eksploatacyjnym i na tym tle przedstawiono propozycje zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych urządzeń.
Decision control of technical systems operation process is one of the most important problems in operating systems. Solving this problem and ensuring the rational control of the mentioned process demand employment of technical diagnostics. The paper provides description of a stochastic decision situation following from operating such significant systems like combustion engines, compressors, pumps, steam boilers, etc. of any operation system and on this background there are presented proposals of applying technical diagnostics for controlling the operation process of the systems.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2006, 2(38); 151-158
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A concept of determining the relation between load and wear of tribological systems of ship main selfignition engines by using probabilistic approach
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
combustion engine load
probability
stochastic process
self-ignition engine
random variable
statistical relation
stochastic relation
Opis:
This paper presents a proposal of simultaneous consideration of load and wear associated with it , of tribological systems of ship main engines (intended for ship propulsion) . Based on results of investigations it was assumed that both the load Q (i.e. a cause of wear ) and the wear Z (i.e. an effect of load occurrence) considered in a given time t (0 ≤ t ≤ tn) are random variables Qt and Zt ,respectively. There was characterized operational principle of ship main engines in definite external conditions (WZ) as well as consequences of excessive load of engines. Three hypotheses highlighting relations existing between load and wear of the above mentioned systems, have been proposed. The first of them deals with explanation of stochastic relation between load and wear, the second highlights why it is possible to assume that the load Qt and the wear Zt are positively correlated , and the third – why it is possible to assume that coefficient of correlation between Qt and Zt may be taken close to one.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 4; 130-138
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda identyfikacji stanu technicznego urządzeń na podstawie oceny ich działania
Identification method of technical state of the objects on the ground of estimation of their work
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
diagnostyka
działanie
energia
stan techniczny
urządzenie
device
energy
diagnostics
technical state
work
Opis:
Przedstawiono propozycję ilościowej interpretacji działania dowolnego urządzenia, w którym zachodzą oddziaływania energetyczne w określonym czasie. Według tej interpretacji, działanie urządzeń zostało przyrównane do pojęcia wielkości fizycznej, z jednostką miary [dżulxsekunda], którą można przedstawić zależnością podobną do tych, jakie są używane w fizyce, a ściślej w mechanice klasycznej i mechanice kwantowej. Uzasadniono, że w przypadku przyjęcia zaproponowanej interpretacji działania urządzeń, w których następują przemiany energetyczne, działanie może być nośnikiem informacji o stanie tych urządzeń, a więc - sygnałem diagnostycznym. Do uzasadnienia tego zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona, który umożliwił skonstruowanie modelu przebiegu pogarszania działania urządzeń, jako procesu losowego o jednorodnych i niezależnych przyrostach spadku generowanej przez nie energii w określonym czasie.
The paper presents suggestion of quantitative interpretation of work of a objects, in which energetic interactions proceed in determined time. According to the interpretation, work of the object is considered as a physical quantity with the unit of measure [joulexsecond], which can be presented by the dependence similar to these ones which are used in classic mechanics ad quantum mechanics. It has been motivated that, in the case of accepting the suggested interpretation of work of objects, in which energetic changes proceed, such work can be a carrier of information about states of these systems - so, it can be a diagnostic signal. To motivate this, it has been used homogeneous Poisson's process, which made possible designing model of the course of getting the objects' work worse. This model is a random process of homogeneous, independent, single and the same gains e in energy drop, in determined time.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2001, 25; 5-12
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Features of load and wear of main propulsion devices on sea-going ships with piston combustion engines and their impact on changes in technical states of the systems
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
load
reciprocating internal combustion engine
seagoing ship
propulsion system of a ship
wear
Opis:
The paper presents the specificity of operation of propulsion systems of seagoing ships which causes the need to control the load on them, especially on their engines called main engines. The characteristics of the load on the propulsion systems, especially on the main engines as well as on the shaft lines and propellers driven by the engines, along with the process of wear in tribological joints (sliding tribological systems) of the machines have been described herein. Using examples of typical types of wear (both linear and volumetric) for the tribological systems of this sort, interpretation of states of their wear has been provided with regards to the wear levels defined as acceptable, unacceptable and catastrophic. The following hypotheses have been formulated: 1) hypothesis explaining necessity to consider the loads on the systems under operation as stochastic processes; 2) hypothesis explaining a possibility of considering the processes as stationary; and 3) hypothesis explaining why it can be assumed that a given technical state of any tribological system can be considered as dependent only on the directly preceding state and stochastically independent of the states that existed earlier. Accepting the hypotheses as true, a four-state continuous-time semi-Markov process has been proposed in the form of a model of changes in condition of a propulsion system (PS) of any ship. The model includes the most significant states affecting safety of a ship at sea, such as: s0 – PS ability state, s1 – PS disability state due to damage to the main engine (ME), s2 – PS disability state due to damage to the shaft line (SL) and s3 – PS disability state due to damage to the propeller (P). Probability of occurrence (changes) of the states has also been demonstrated.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 4; 57-66
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of probabilities defining safety of a sea-going ship during performance of a transportation task in stormy weather conditions
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
reliability
semi-Markov process
diesel engine
propeller
sea-going ship
steering gear
niezawodność
silnik wysokoprężny
śmigło
statek morski
proces semi-Markowa
Opis:
The paper presents the possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine the limiting distribution for the process of changes of technical states being reliability states of the systems of sea-going ships significantly affecting safety of such ships, which include main engine, propeller and steering gear. The distribution concerns the probabilities of occurrence of the said states defined for a long time of ship operation (t → ∞). The considered states are as follows: s0 – full ability state of the systems, i.e.: main engine, propeller and steering gear, s1 – inability state of the main engine, s2 – inability state of the propeller, s3 – inability state of the steering gear. Significance of the systems for safety of the ships at sea was demonstrated herein. General conditions for performing transportation tasks by the ships, with particular regard to stormy conditions, were also here described.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2017, 12, 1; 21--30
1231-3998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
engine load
marine internal combustion engine
probability
semi-Markov process
crankshaft-piston assembly
Opis:
The article analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combustion engines, with marine engines used as an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaftpiston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 3; 50-57
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probabilistyczna metoda określenia masy substancji szkodliwych emitowanych przez silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym podczas jego rozruchu
Probabilistic Method of the Determination of Harmfu Substance Mass Emitted by a Diesel Engine During Its Starting
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
model
EXPLO-SHIP 2006
rozruch silnika
silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
substancja szkodliwa
start up of an engine
diesel engine
harmful substance
Opis:
Zaproponowano model procesu rozruchu silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, w formie procesu semimarkowskiego, dyskretnego w stanach i ciągłego w czasie eksploatacji. Stanami tego procesu są: stan zimny silnika (s1), stan ciepły silnika (s2) i stan gorący silnika (s3). Przedstawiono koncepcję zastosowania opracowanego modelu do określenia ilości substancji szkodliwych, jakie emitowane są w spalinach podczas rozruchu silnika.
The paper proposes a model of diesel engine starting process as a semi-Markov process which is discrete in states and continuous during operation. The states of this process are: cold state of the engine (s1), warm state (s2) and hot state of the engine (s3). The concept of using such a model for the determination of the quantity of harmful substances emitted in exhaust gases during the start up of the engine has been presented.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2006, 10 (82); 193-204
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of damages of tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of two-stroke internal combustion engines used as main propulsion in sea-going vessels and proposal of probabilistic description of loads as causes of these damages
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
probability
friction associations
crankshaft and piston system
semi-Markov process
marine internal combustion engine
wear
Opis:
The article discusses damages of essential tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of large power two-stroke engines used as main engines, which take place during transport tasks performed by those ships. Difficulties are named which make preventing those damages impossible, despite the fact that the technical state of engines of this type is identified with the aid of complex diagnostic systems making use of advanced computer technology. It is demonstrated that one of causes of the damages is the lack of research activities oriented on recognising random properties of the loads leading to those damages. A proposal is made for the loads acting at a given time ton tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of internal combustion engines used as main engines to be considered as random variables Qt. At the same time the loads examined within a given time interval tr ≤ t ≤ tz would be considered stochastic processes {Q(t): t ≥ 0}. Essential properties of the loads of the abovementioned tribological associations are named and explained by formulating hypotheses which need empirical verification. Interval estimation is proposed for estimating the expected value E(Qt) of the load Qt acting at time t. A relation is indicated between the mechanical load and the thermal load acting on tribological associations in the ship main engine crankshaft and piston system. A suggestion is formulated that a stochastic form of the relation between these types of load is to be searched for, rather than statistic relation, and a proposal is made to measure the intensity (strength) of the stochastic relation using the Czuprow’s convergence coefficient.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 2; 44-54
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conception of valuation of combustion engine operation
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
heat
operation
energy
work
semi-Markov process
combustion engine
Opis:
The work provides a proposal of interpretation showing operation in terms of values being compared to a physical quantity with the unit of measure called joule-second, just like operations of Hamilton and Maupertius demonstrated in classical mechanics. Operation in this interpretation is also considered in quantum mechanics, referring to body electromagnetic radiation source of which operation is characterized by Planck constant. An original method of analysis and evaluation of machine operation is herein presented in the energetic aspect, as the result of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes. In order to give grounds for usability of such interpreted operation it has been employed the model describing changes in energy of combustion engines, in the form of state-discrete and time-continuous semi-Markov process. The process is thus a semi-Markov model of getting worse combustion engine operation run with the lapse of time and regaining the initial energetic state of the engine after its refurbishment. The limiting distribution of the process has been determined with probabilities of occurring the distinguished energetic states of mentioned engines. The paper shows that the proposed interpretation for the operation enables making a graph of operation, which demonstrates engine operation in the form of field. The attention is paid that the engine operation in the presented version has got the advantage that can be expressed as a quantity with the joule-second as a unit of measure and as a graph in the form of operation field. The coordinate system for presenting the operation as a field, proposed in this paper, refers to the known in thermodynamics possibility of expressing the energy conversion sorts like work and heat (according to the conception of Clapeyron and Belpaire) in the form of fields.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 89-96
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A probabilistic concept of load assessmentof self-ignition engines
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
hypothesis
load
self-ignition engine
stochastic process
Opis:
A proposal of probabilistic interpretation of loading process of self-ignition combustion engines, was presented. Probabilistic description of loading the engines was proposed with taking into account known parameters (indices) of their operation. It was demonstrated that instantaneous load of such engines can be considered a random variable. Attention was paid to the fact that the load can be taken as a multi-dimensional random variable. Engine load changes during its operation were considered as the loading process and presented in the form of a multi-dimensional stochastic process whose states are loads considered to be random variables. It was demonstrated that the loading process can be taken as the stochastic one of asymptotically independent incements, stationary and ergodic. Justification of the above mentioned features of the loading process is contained in the presented hypotheses. It was also demonstrated that in testing the load process of self-ignition engines stochastic relation between thermal and mechanical loading should be taken into account.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 2; 65-70
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semi-Markovian models of the process of technical state changes of technical objects
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
model
technical object
semi-Marcovian process
technical state
Opis:
The most important problem of operation of all technical objects (devices) is the problem of rational (optimum) decision control of the process of technical state changes of the objects. Such control can be realized when a model of the process of technical stale chanŹges is applied. In view of this, a formal description of the operational process of technical objects was presented in this paper, as well as it was justified that the model of the process may be a semi-Markovian process of finite set of states. Examples of 4-and 3-state semiŹ-Markovian process were given as a model of the above mentioned process of state chanŹges of any device. Difficulties associated with forming such model, which arise from application of the theory of semi-Markovian processes, were indicated. Therefore the proposed model is the semi-Markovian process whose values are technical states occurring in the phase of operation of many technical objects of practical importance (e.g. combustion piston engines, turbines, displacement and rotary compressors, impeller pumps etc).
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 4; 3-7
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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