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Tytuł:
The role of time in influence diagrams
Autorzy:
Traczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
niepewność
uncertainty
belief networks
influence diagrams
ordering in time
Opis:
An influence diagram is a compact representation emphasizing the qualitative features of decision problem under uncertainty. Classical influence diagram has parameters stable in time, determined order of suggested decisions and generally is independent of time. Here we have shown some possible methods of construction of time dependent influence diagrams: with decision ordering, time-sliced segments and time consuming nodes. Such gathering of methods can help in selection of a proper solution.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2003, 3; 108-111
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safety oriented bubble diagrams in project risk management
Autorzy:
Abrahamsen, E. B.
Aven, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
bubble diagrams
project risk management
safety
Opis:
In project risk management many firms use bubble diagrams to get a graphical presentation of a project’s most uncertain attributes. The bubble diagrams and procedures used to put attributes into these diagrams are seen to provide a rational framework for managing risks. In this paper we review and discuss the use of these diagrams and procedures. Special attention is given to the way safety is treated. We show that the standard use of bubble diagrams is not adequate for identification and follow up critical activities that affect safety. The main problem is that the present structure means that the uncertainty is not properly taken into account. In this paper a reformulated bubble diagram is suggested that better reflects safety related uncertainties. The offshore oil and gas industry is the starting point, but the discussion is to large extent general.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2008, 1; 1--5
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostic symptoms of piston combustion engines of ship main propulsion received from its developed indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Rosłanowski, J.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
leakage of combustion chamber
errors of developed indicator diagrams
characteristic points of developed indicator diagrams
Opis:
The following article describes parameters of developed indicator diagrams concerning piston combustion engine of ship main propulsion, which can be used to assess its technical condition. To make a diagnosis of the engine combustion only such parameters should be selected which are characterized by high information value, being closely connected with its one defined structure. This is the cause why such connections are of unmistakable character, which allows to make the right diagnosis of technical condition of piston engine. Special attention was also paid to the consequences of diagnostic symptoms qualification from developed indicator diagrams of ship propulsion engine working in different conditions. Deflection of average indicated pressure caused by inappropriate engine performance could be caused by: 1) faulty adjustment of injection pump; 2) leaky combustion chamber, 3) bad technical condition of injection apparatus and the loading air system. Wrong technical condition of the engine caused by a leaky combustion chamber brings about a decrease of its performance. Untight combustion chamber causes the change of such parameters as, suction pressure, pressure of final compression and burning, as well as, the change of exhaust gases composition, which influences the power of the engine and fuel consumption. It has been mentioned what gas pressures of working process in engine cylinders are connected with an untight combustion chamber. Random character of burning pressure course in engine cylinder has also been paid attention to. Reliability of diagnostic parameters of piston engine technical condition received based on developed indicator diagrams have been determined. Diagnostic symptoms have been defined, basing on measurements and statistical analysis of pressure values in the cylinders of properly adjusted engines being in excellent technical condition and not based on measurements received in the engine test bed of a new engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 355-362
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagramy FBD w środowisku programistycznym CPDev
FBD diagrams in CPDev programming environment
Autorzy:
Trybus, B.
Ziętek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/275184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
programowanie
diagramy FBD
programming
FBD diagrams
Opis:
W artykule opisano rozszerzenie środowiska programistyczno-uruchomieniowego CPDev umożliwiające tworzenie aplikacji sterujących za pomocą diagramów bloków funkcjonalnych FBD. Edytor graficzny służy do tworzenia diagramów, zaś odpowiedni konwerter przekształca je do kodu w języku ST, który następnie jest kompilowany do postaci wykonywalnej. Do zapisu danych opisujących diagram FBD oraz bibliotekę bloków zastosowano format XML, w tym dokumenty o strukturze zgodnej ze standardem PLCOpen. Dzięki opisanemu rozszerzeniu środowisko CPDev pozwala obecnie na tworzenie aplikacji sterujących za pomocą trzech języków normy IEC 61131, tj. ST, IL i FBD.
The paper describes an extension of CPDev programming and runtime environment for building control applications using Function Block Diagrams (FBD). The diagrams are converted into ST language compiled into executable binary code. XML format derived from PLCOpen standard is used to store FBD structure and library of function blocks. Due to the extension, the CPDev environment supports now ST, IL and FBD languages of IEC 61131-3 standard.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2010, 14, 3; 6-8
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysing applicability of selected methods to smooth indicator diagrams of marine medium-speed engine
Autorzy:
Pawletko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
indicator diagrams
smoothing waveforms
filtering disturbances
Opis:
The article analyses the applicability of selected smoothing methods to smooth indicator diagram curves and to filter disturbances. An intermediate goal of the study was an attempt to extract disturbances recorded during pressure curve smoothing, which are believed to be a source of important diagnostic information. Within the framework of the reported analysis, a comparison was made between the moving average method, the Savitzky-Golay filter, and the frequency filtration method. The research was performed on a marine medium-speed engine Sulzer 3Al 25/30, which has a relatively long indicator passage.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 2; 55-61
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of determining mean indicator pressure of piston combustion engines from developed indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Monieta, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine diesel engines
indicator diagrams
mean indicated pressure
Opis:
The paper presents methods for processing and analysis of in-cylinder pressure course in the combustion chamber of marine engines. In literature are described determinate methods ofmean indicator pressure from closed diagrams, with are but rarely recorded than developed diagrams. There have been showed on limitations occurrence at measurements fast-changed pressures of marine diesel engines in operating conditions and measuring errors the attendants. Mean indicated pressure determined from the indicated timing or angular pressure courses in the cylinders is still a reliable diagnostic symptom. The paper presents too the results of experimental measurement of in-cylinder pressure signals, medium speed marine engines with application resistive sensor and using the photo-optical sensor of crankshaft position, and without the marker position of the crankshaft. Not always possible to altach the marker for the position of the crankshaft, and even there is no way of stopping the engine when you need to diagnose it. The top dead centre of the piston can be determined then analytically. The work developed a method of determining the mean indicated pressure of the developed indicator diagrams. Based on calculations ofmean indicator pressure made many of diagnosis of the medium speed marine diesel engines in the operating conditions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 301-306
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the indicator diagrams smoothing on the indicated parameters of marine diesel engines
Autorzy:
Pawletko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
indicator diagrams
smoothing the interference
engine indicated parameters
Opis:
The topic of this article is to analyze the influence of indicator diagrams smoothing methods on diagnostic parameters determined on their basis such as the maximum combustion pressure, mean indication pressure and heat release characteristics. Indicator diagrams of marine engines are subject to serious distortions arising primarily from the measuring method for in-cylinder pressure. Measurements are performed on the indicator valve which connect with the combustion chamber through the indicator channel. Depending on the engine design the channel length can reach a considerable length and introduces significant distortion in both the phase and amplitude of the pressure signal. Further analysis of the indicator diagram eg. in order to determine the heat release characteristics requires the use of methods of smoothing and filtering of interference. The results confirm no effect of indicator diagram smoothing for the value of the mean indicated pressure, which is one for the most important indicated parameters. A significant influence of smoothing on the maximum value of the heat release rate was observed. The differences in this case exceed 50%. At the same time confirmed that the heat release rate curve determined on the basis of a diagram without smoothing, carry a high level of interference, which precludes their practical use. Smoothing allows getting heat release rate curves that carry vital information about the working process of the engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 169-176
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing diagnostic applicability of heat release characteristics determined based on ship engine indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Polanowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship piston engines
indicator diagrams
heat release
characteristics
diagnostic application
Opis:
In order to determine indicator diagrams-based heat release characteristics, a single- zone model of net heat release was used for perfect gas. It was proved that when a constant value for isentropic exponent is assumed, the error in determining the characteristics can be limited to 1% at the nominal load. The effect of errors in determining the position of piston TDC, as well as that of gas passages and indicator valves on the calculated characteristics was evaluated. It was shown that for low-speed engines the effect of gas passages in negligible, while for medium-speed engines the characteristics reveal some deformations (waves), which are repeatable for an individual cylinder in the examined engine construction. The results of the performed investigations and analyses suggest possibility and advisability of the use of heat release characteristics in diagnosing ship engines, in particular low-speed machines.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 32-35
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Empirical formulas for calculating Continuous Cooling Transformation diagrams
Autorzy:
Trzaska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/366696.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
computational materials science
steel
regression analysis
CCT diagrams
obliczeniowa nauka o materiałach
stal
regresja
wykresy CTPc
Opis:
Purpose: The paper presents empirical formulas for the calculation of Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagram basing on the chemical composition and austenitizing temperature. Design/methodology/approach: In the method of calculating CCT diagrams proposed in the paper, two types of tasks are solved. First task is classification and consists in determining the range of cooling rate for particular phase transformations. The second task is regression, which aims at calculating the transformations temperature, hardness and volume fraction of phases in steel. The model of CCT diagrams was developed using multiple regression and logistic regression methods. Research limitations/implications: CCT diagrams can be calculated according to the presented method, if the chemical composition of steel meets the criteria defined by the application range of the model. Practical implications: The formulas presented in the article can be used to determine the conditions for heat treatment of structural steels. Originality/value: The paper presents the method for calculating CCT diagrams of the structural steels and engineering steels, depending on their chemical composition as well as austenitizing temperature.
Źródło:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering; 2019, 97, 1; 21-30
1734-8412
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eksploatacja wykresów CTPi w systemie CAPCAST
The exploitation of TTT diagrams in the CAPCAST system
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, B.
Adrian, A.
Regulski, K.
Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
wykres CTPi
żeliwo sferoidalne
digitalizacja wykresów
właściwości mechaniczne żeliwa
TTT diagrams
ductile cast iron
diagrams digitisation
mechanical properties of cast iron
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi opis działania jednego z modułów systemu CAPCAST, umożliwiającego rekomendację materiałów z żeliwa sferoidalnego, posiadających określone właściwości lub mogących osiągnąć oczekiwane właściwości po przeprowadzeniu odpowiedniej obróbki cieplnej. Podejście opiera się na wykorzystaniu wiedzy zawartej w wykresach CTPi do określenia warunków obróbki cieplnej, w efekcie której można uzyskać pożądaną mikrostrukturę żeliwa zapewniającą oczekiwane właściwości materiału.
The presented paper is a description of one of the modules of the CAPCAST system which allows determination of recommended materials made of ductile cast iron which show specific properties or may achieve the desired properties after an appropriate heat treatment process. The approach is based on the application of the knowledge developed from the TTT diagrams in order to establish the heat treatment conditions to achieve the desired microstructure of cast iron and thereby the expected properties of the material.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 4; 45-56
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schematy elektryczne akumulatora kwasowego i ich opis
Acid battery electrical diagrams and their description
Autorzy:
Pszczółkowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/313394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
akumulator kwasowy
akumulator kwasowo-ołowiowy
schematy elektryczne
acid battery
lead-acid battery
electrical diagrams
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zasady budowy modeli elektrycznych akumulatora kwasowego oraz różne możliwości jego opisu. Omówiono metodykę badań charakterystyk napięcia pracy akumulatora od zmiennych niezależnych mających na nią wpływ, np. natężenia prądu, temperatury, czy stanu naładowania. Scharakteryzowano zasady przetwarzania wstępnego wyników oraz przetwarzania dla celów wyznaczania i opisu modelu akumulatora. Wskazano możliwości opisu charakterystyk w warunkach stacjonarnych i niestacjonarnych pracy za pomocą funkcji sklejanych, kombinacji liniowej funkcji wykładniczych oraz wyznaczenia parametrów elektrycznych akumulatora, jako elementów obwodu, czyli jego siły elektromotorycznej, rezystancji i pojemności. Podkreślono zależność stopnia złożoności modelu i jego dokładności.
This article describes the principles of the acid battery electric models construction and various possibilities of its description. There is described methodology of the battery voltage characteristics testing as a function of independent variables influencing it, e.g. current, ambient temperature, or state of charge. Preliminary processing and processing principles of the test results have been characterized for the purposes of determining and describing the battery model. The possibilities of description battery characteristics in stationary and non-stationary conditions by means of gluing, linear combination of exponential functions and determination of electric parameters of the battery as elements of the circuit, i.e. its electromotive force, resistance and capacitance are described. The dependence of the complexity of the model and its accuracy was emphasized.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 12; 1258-1263, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pourbaix diagrams for copper ores processing with seawater
Autorzy:
Marín, Oscar A.
Ordóñez, Javier I.
Gálvez, Edelmira D.
Cisternas, Luis A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
Pourbaix-diagram
Eh-pH diagrams
seawater
copper minerals
Chilean mining
Opis:
Decreases in the copper grade, waste disposal, energy supply, and water scarcity are some of the most critical challenges for the copper mining industries. One of the alternatives to counteract the water scarcity is the use of seawater, whether raw, partially desalinated, or desalinated. The use of seawater implies the generation of several compounds as a result of the interaction of ions in waters and ores. For this reason, it is required a greater understanding of these compounds generated on mineral processing, being Pourbaix diagrams used to estimate the possible compounds that will be formed in an aqueous medium for a given metal ore. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, and Cu-concentration on the stability of the copper-solid species was investigated by constructing Pourbaix diagrams for different copper ore types with seawater. The results show that the corrosion areas decrease when the temperature increases for both oxidized and sulfide minerals. It was confirmed that the concentration is a critical variable that influences the size of corrosion areas. In terms of the effect of the other ions that seawater contains, carbonate, chloride, and bromide affect the stability of the Cu-solid species. The proposed diagrams serve as a useful tool to predict the stable species that may be obtained when seawater is used. The use of seawater in mining is an essential issue because it is considered as a more sustainable alternative instead of use freshwater or desalinated seawater, especially in locations with complex water availability, as is northern Chile.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 4; 625-640
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the General Material Balance Equation(S) to Calculate Quasi-Binary Sections of Multi-Component Phase Diagrams
Autorzy:
Dezső, A.
Kapatay, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Thermo-Calc
materials balance
quasi-binary sections
multicomponent phase diagrams
Opis:
A general form of material balance equations to be used to calculate quasi-binary sections of multi-component phase diagrams is derived here. When this general equation is reduced to ternary systems, it coincides with those, given in the Thermo-Calc manual. For a k-component system, altogether only (k-2) such independent equations should be written from the list of k(k-1)/2 possible equations.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 75-78
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagramy aktywności UML w projektowaniu rekonfigurowalnych sterowników logicznych
UML activity diagrams in design of reconfigurable logic controllers
Autorzy:
Grobelny, M.
Grobelna, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
specyfikacja behawioralna
rekonfigurowalny sterownik logiczny
UML
diagramy aktywności
behavioural specification
activity diagrams
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia sposób reprezentacji behawioralnej sterownika logicznego przy wykorzystaniu diagramów aktywności języka UML. Zaproponowane zostało zastosowanie diagramów aktywności do projektowania rekonfigurowalnych sterowników logicznych, a dokładnie do opisu zachowania sterownika logicznego podczas pracy. Do tego celu został dostosowany zbiór elementów diagramów aktywności w celu umożliwienia efektywnego modelowania behawioralnego. Rozważane jest także wykorzystanie hierarchicznych możliwości diagramów aktywności do częściowej rekonfiguracji
The paper focuses on behavioural representation of a logic controller with usage of UML activity diagrams. There is shown a subset of UML activity diagram elements sufficient to present logic controller behaviour simultaneously suitable for automatic synthesis with use of hardware description languages. After short introduction (Section 1) to the topic, UML activity diagrams as a specification technique are presented (Section 2). Additionally, there is described a subset of elements (Tab.1) of the discussed specification techniques fulfilling behavioural modelling requirements of a reconfigurable logic controller. Specification possibilities are given using sample control process of preparing the exact amount of liquid in two tanks (Section 3). The real model of the process is shown in Fig. 1. One of the possible behavioural specifications with use of UML activity diagrams is depicted in Fig. 2. This is a representation of the considered action state concept specification techniques in version 1.x. The other possibility is to specify a process with use of elementary system actions (Fig. 3), which is characteristic of the UML activity diagrams version 2.x. Fig. 4, on the other hand, shows signal based specification which is suitable for automatic hardware description language code generation (e.g. VHDL). Furthermore, Section 4 describes possibilities of using hierarchical aspects of activity diagrams to prepare specification for partial reconfiguration. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 7, 7; 596-598
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schematy blokowe programów
Блок-схемы программ
Routine flow-diagrams
Autorzy:
Paszkowski, S.
Wrona, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/741630.pdf
Data publikacji:
1961
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Źródło:
Applicationes Mathematicae; 1960-1961, 5, 4; 391-410
1233-7234
Pojawia się w:
Applicationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Invariants of plane curve singularities and Newton diagrams
Autorzy:
Cassou-Noguès, Pierrette
Płoski, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Opis:
We present an intersection-theoretical approach to the invariants of plane curve singularities µ,ð,r related by the Milnor formula 2ð = µ + r - 1. Using Newton transformations we give formulae for µ,ð,r which imply planar versions of well-known theorems on nondegenerate singularities.
Źródło:
Universitatis Iagellonicae Acta Mathematica; 2011, 49; 9-34
2084-3828
0083-4386
Pojawia się w:
Universitatis Iagellonicae Acta Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spin arrangement diagrams for Er2-xRxFe14B (R = Y, Ce) obtained with Mössbauer spectroscopy and phenomenological model
Autorzy:
Pędziwiatr, A.
Bogacz, B.
Gargula, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Mössbauer effect
permanent magnet materials
spin diagrams
spin reorientation
Opis:
Two isostructural series of polycrystalline compounds: Er2-xYxFe14B and Er2-xCexFe14B have been studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range 80-370 K. The spin reorientation phenomenon (a transition from basal plane to axial easy magnetisation direction) has been studied extensively by a narrow step temperature scanning in the vicinity of the transition. Using the procedure of subtracting the Mössbauer spectra taken for the same compound at different temperatures, it was possible to follow the influence of transition on the shape of spectra. From this procedure it was concluded that in the region of transition each subspectrum splits into two Zeeman sextets, which are characterised by different hyperfine magnetic fields and quadrupole splittings. The consistent way of describing the Mössbauer spectra was proposed. The spin reorientation temperatures have been established for all compositions and compared with the values obtained from theoretical calculations of spin orientation angle based on phenomenological model. The spin arrangement diagrams have been constructed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48,suppl.1; 59-63
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation accuracy of combustion chamber tightness in piston engines, on the basis of a developed indicator diagram
Autorzy:
Rosłanowski, J.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
leakage of combustion chamber
errors of developed indicator diagrams
characteristic points of developed indicator diagrams
Opis:
The following article describes the effect of combustion chamber leakage of piston engine on the quality of its performance. To make a diagnosis of combustion chamber tightness, only such parameters were selected which are characterized by high information value and are closely connected with its defined structure. For this reason such connections are unmistakable, which results in making the right diagnosis of combustion chamber tightness of piston engines. Special attention was paid to the fact, what consequences, combustion chamber leakage, can cause to the piston engine performance. The most dangerous for the engine efficiency is the leakage of combustion chamber. The leakage of combustion chamber brings about the change of such engine parameters as pressure of suction, pressure of final compression and burning and the change of exhaust gases composition, which effect on the engine power and on fuel consumption. Condition of piston rings and their influence on gas pressure in combustion chamber has also been characterized. Pressure of gases taking place in engine cylinder and their connection with leakage of combustion chamber have also been described. The article also exposes random character of combustion pressure in engine cylinder. Besides, the errors of indicator diagrams together with mapping error position GMP have been mentioned too. Reliability of diagnostic parameters of technical condition of combustion piston engines obtained on the basis of developed indicator diagrams has been defined. Such diagram must be made on the basis of measurements and statistic analysis of pressure parameters in correctly adjusted engines, being in perfect technical condition, and not on the basis of measurements obtained in the engine test bench of a new engine. Bad technical condition, especially leaks in its cylinders causes power differences in engine arrangements, which endangers its safe exploitation.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 339-345
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parametric representation of TTT diagrams of ADI cast iron
Parametryczna reprezentacja wykresów CTP i żeliwa sferoidalnego
Autorzy:
Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
Adrian, A.
Adrian, H.
Mrzygłód, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CTPi
żeliwa sferoidalne
austenit
bainit
TTT diagrams
austempered ductile iron
bainitic transformation
Opis:
The method of parametric representation of TTT diagrams on example of selected austempered ductile cast irons is presented. TTT diagrams were digitalised and n; k parameters of Johnson Mehl equation were calculated. The relationships between n, k parameters and transformation temperature were analysed for two ADI irons. Knowledge of these parameters enables to calculate the progress of austenite to bainite transformation.
W pracy zaprezentowano metodykę parametrycznej reprezentacji wykresów CTPi na przykładzie wybranych wykresów dla żeliw sferoidalnych. Wykresy CTPi digitalizowano, a następnie obliczano parametry n i k równania Johnsona-Mehla opisującego postęp przemiany przechłodzonego austenitu w bainit. Analizowano wpływ temperatury przemiany na wartość parametrów n, k. Znajomość tych parametrów pozwala obliczać postęp przemiany austenitu w bainit przy danej temperaturze.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 2; 613-617
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie wykresów CTP niskostopowego żeliwa sferoidalnego do opracowania technologii wytwarzania żeliwa ADI
The use of TTT diagrams of low-alloy ductile cast iron to develop a technology for the production of ADI
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, B.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Kowalski, A.
Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
wykresy CTPc
wykresy CTPi
żeliwo sferoidalne
żeliwo ADI
struktura
CCT diagrams
TTT diagrams
ductile cast iron
ADI
structure
Opis:
Omówiono znaczenie wykresów CTPc i CTPi w procesach obróbki cieplnej żeliwa sferoidalnego, szczególnie przy wytwarzaniu żeliwa ADI. Dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej zagadnienia. Badania własne obejmowały opracowanie wykresów CTP dla czterech rodzajów żeliwa sferoidalnego różniących się głównie zawartością dodatków niklu, miedzi i molibdenu, odpowiednio: 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu; 2,26% Ni i 1,44% Cu; 1,60% Ni i 0,69% Cu oraz 1,50% Ni i 0,45% Mo. Zamieszczono mikrostruktury produktów przemiany przechłodzonego austenitu z wybranych próbek wykorzystanych do budowy wykresu CTPc-4. Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych wykresów omówiono wpływ Ni, Cu i Mo na temperaturę i czas poszczególnych przemian fazowych żeliwa sferoidalnego podczas chłodzenia anizotermicznego i izotermicznego. Uzyskano właściwości żeliwa ADI z dodatkami 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu spełniające wymagania dla 4 gatunków wg normy EN-PN 1563.
The presented paper is a description of the significance of CCT and TTT diagrams in the processes of heat treatment of ductile cast iron, and especially during the production of ADI. A review of literature in the subject was made. Own research included drawing up TTT diagrams for four types of ductile cast iron which mainly differed with respect to the content of nickel, copper and molybdenum additions, respectively: 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu; 2.26% Ni and 1.44% Cu; 1.60% Ni and 0.69% Cu, as well as 1.50% Ni and 0.45% Mo. Presented are microstructures of products of overcooled austenite transformations from the selected samples used for the construction of a CCT-4 diagram. On the basis of the analysis of the achieved diagrams, the influence of Ni, Cu and Mo on temperature and time of particular phase transformations in ductile cast iron during anisothermal and isothermal cooling is discussed. Properties of ADI with additions of 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu were determined which meet the requirements for four types pf cast iron according to the standard EN-PN 1563.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 4; 85-111
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3D Computer Models of the Ag-Sb-Sn and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ T-x-y Diagrams
Autorzy:
Lutsyk, V.
Vorob'eva, V.
Zelenaya, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
phase diagrams
3D simulation
Ag-Sb-Sn
MgO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃
mass balance
Opis:
Three-dimensional (3D) computer models of Ag-Sb-Sn and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ systems T-x-y diagrams have been designed. For the metal system two versions of 3D model of its phase diagram have been constructed according to the contradictions in the temperature intervals of the compound Sb₂Sn₃ stability. Possibilities of the analysis of the stages of crystallization and prediction of microstructural constituents with the aid of the calculation of vertical mass balance diagrams are demonstrated on the basis of the 3D computer model for the oxide system.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 763-766
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improvement of the graphical method for plotting the shear and moment diagrams for members subjected to linearly varying loads
Autorzy:
Husain, Muhammed Abbas
Ali, Abdulkhaliq Salim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
ścinanie
ścinanie belki
mechanika materiałów
shear diagrams
moment diagram
graphical method
improvement
varying load
Opis:
This study presents an improvement of the graphical method for plotting the shear and moment diagrams for the structural members under linearly varying loads (triangular and trapezoidal loads). Based on the parabolic nature of the shear function, when the loading varies linearly, and on the relations among load, shear, and moment, a mathematical equation is developed to locate the zero-shear point, while a geometric technique is presented to calculate the parabolic shear area. Five comprehensive examples of beams loaded with linearly varying loads are selected to illustrate the steps of the solution for the proposed techniques. The results demonstrated the applicability of the presented method, and gave exact diagrams compared with the basic graphical method. It is concluded that the proposed improved method is generally more convenient, less time-consuming, and has less computational efforts because it does not require sectioning, solving equilibrium equations, and quadratic formulas compared with the basic graphical method.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2022, 27, 1; 46--66
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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