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    Wyświetlanie 1-33 z 33
    Tytuł:
    Prospects and QoS Requirements in 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Tikhvinskiy, V.
    Bochechka, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307648.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G
    M2M
    QoS
    video services
    virtualization
    Opis:
    In this article the requirements to some number of KPI that determine the quality of service (QoS) in 5G networks are formulated. The proposed QoS requirements are based on the analysis of functional requirements to 5G networks and traffic parameters for HD video and massive M2M services, which will be highly demanded in 2020. One of the 5G development paradigms is the network function virtualization (NFV) including cloud radio access and cloud core networks. The authors have proposed the concept of function blocks CQMF and CQCF to control and monitor QoS, which are implemented as part of the 5G network cloud infrastructure.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2015, 1; 23-26
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The importance of 5G networks for railway transport development
    Autorzy:
    Załoga, Elżbieta
    Stępień, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    railway transport
    digitalisation
    5G network
    service
    passengers
    accessibility
    Opis:
    Digitisation of transport is a tool for achieving the European Union’s political goals included in the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe. For rail transport, digital innovation is required to increase its competitiveness. One of the tools of the digital transformation of railways is 5G networks, the fifth generation of wireless communication systems. The purpose of this article is to present the benefits of implementing 5G network for railway operators. Focus was placed on its innovative features, such as ultra-fast access to Internet services, very high connection reliability, and extremely low data transmission delays. Examples of new services for railway operators based on the capabilities of 5G networks were presented. This article describes the unique functions of the 5G network in which resources can be flexibly allocated depending on current traffic needs thanks to the network slicing function, e.g., for services of key importance to rail traffic and commercial services for other market segments. Roadmap proposals for transforming the current rail communication network infrastructure towards the target FRMCS system are presented. The analysis was based on source materials from Nokia Corporation, available literature, EU documents and regulations, as well as institutional studies of the railway sector.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2020, 63 (135); 29-35
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spline-Extrapolation Method in Traffic Forecasting in 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Strelkovskaya, Irina
    Solovskaya, Irina
    Makoganiuk, Anastasiya
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309401.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    quality of service
    self-similar traffic
    spline functions
    error of recovery
    Opis:
    This paper considers the problem of predicting self-similar traffic with a significant number of pulsations and the property of long-term dependence, using various spline functions. The research work focused on the process of modeling self-similar traffic handled in a mobile network. A splineextrapolation method based on various spline functions (linear, cubic and cubic B-splines) is proposed to predict selfsimilar traffic outside the period of time in which packet data transmission occurs. Extrapolation of traffic for short- and long-term forecasts is considered. Comparison of the results of the prediction of self-similar traffic using various spline functions has shown that the accuracy of the forecast can be improved through the use of cubic B-splines. The results allow to conclude that it is advisable to use spline extrapolation in predicting self-similar traffic, thereby recommending this method for use in practice in solving traffic prediction-related problems.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 3; 8-16
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy Efficiency Optimization by Spectral Efficiency Maximization in 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Krasniqi, B.
    Rexha, B.
    Maloku, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226636.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    energy efficiency
    5G
    radio resources
    power allocation
    optimization convexity
    Opis:
    Energy and spectral efficiency are the main challenges in 5th generation of mobile cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm to optimize the energy efficiency by maximizing the spectral efficiency. Our simulation results show a significant increase in terms of spectral efficiency as well as energy efficiency whenever the mobile user is connected to a low power indoor base station. By applying the proposed algorithm, we show the network performance improvements up to 9 bit/s/Hz in spectral efficiency and 20 Gbit/Joule increase in energy efficiency for the mobile user served by the indoor base station rather than by the outdoor base station.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 4; 497-503
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Resource Tuned Optimal Random Network Coding for Single Hop Multicast future 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Dong, Dhawa Sang
    Pokhrel, Yagnya Murti
    Gachhadar, Anand
    Qamar, Faizan
    Amiri, Iraj Sadegh
    Maharjan, Ram Krishna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    coding coefficients
    computational complexity
    lower triangular matrix
    random network coding
    sparse coding
    coefficients
    Opis:
    Optimal random network coding is reduced complexity in computation of coding coefficients, computation of encoded packets and coefficients are such that minimal transmission bandwidth is enough to transmit coding coefficient to the destinations and decoding process can be carried out as soon as encoded packets are started being received at the destination and decoding process has lower computational complexity. But in traditional random network coding, decoding process is possible only after receiving all encoded packets at receiving nodes. Optimal random network coding also reduces the cost of computation. In this research work, coding coefficient matrix size is determined by the size of layers which defines the number of symbols or packets being involved in coding process. Coding coefficient matrix elements are defined such that it has minimal operations of addition and multiplication during coding and decoding process reducing computational complexity by introducing sparseness in coding coefficients and partial decoding is also possible with the given coding coefficient matrix with systematic sparseness in coding coefficients resulting lower triangular coding coefficients matrix. For the optimal utility of computational resources, depending upon the computational resources unoccupied such as memory available resources budget tuned windowing size is used to define the size of the coefficient matrix.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 463-469
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Single Linkage Weighted Steepest Gradient Adaboost Cluster-Based D2D in 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Varadala, Sridhar
    Roslin, S. Emalda
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200959.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G networks
    D2D communication
    Minkowski single linkage clustering
    Opis:
    Efficiency of data transmissions with minimum latency levels and better resource utilization is a challenging issue in 5 G device-to-device (D 2D) environments. A novel technique referred to as single linkage steepest gradient gentle AdaBoost cluster-based device (SLSGAC) is introduced to improve device-to-device communications with minimum latency. The proposed technique uses the ensemble clustering approach to group mobile devices by constructing a set of weak clusters, based on the Minkowski single linkage clustering technique. In the weak clustering process, residual energy, bandwidth and SINR are estimated, and mobile devices are grouped based on the Minkowski distance measure. Results of the weak clustering process are combined to provide the final ensemble’s clustering output by applying the steepest gradient function to minimize the error rate. For each cluster, a head is selected from among the group members to improve the data transmission rate and minimize latency. Simulations are conducted comparing the proposed technique with the existing methods based on such metrics as energy efficiency, data delivery ratio, packet loss rate, throughput and latency.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 1; 60--65
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zipf Distribution Power AllocationAapproach for NOMA Systems
    Autorzy:
    Himeur, Hanane
    Meriah, Sidi Mohammed
    Derraz, Fouad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311910.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    NOMA
    wireless networks
    power domain
    Zipf distribution law
    5G networks
    Opis:
    Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has received tremendous attention for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. Power-domain NOMA works on the concept of assigning varying power levels to users within the same frequency and time block. In this paper we propose a novel power allocation approach that uses the Zipf distribution law that satisfies the basic condition of a NOMA system. The Zipf PA is characterized by the simplicity and ease of implementation that allows to extend the capacity of the system to support a large number of users. The numerical results show that the system achieves high throughput and energy efficiency without any parameter optimization constraints as well as improved capacity by increasing the number of users compared to the NOMA system with existing power allocation techniques.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 559--564
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An Overview of Mobility Management Mechanisms and the Related Challenges in 5G Networks and Beyond
    Autorzy:
    Alkalsh, Mustafa Mohammed Hasan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200735.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    B5G
    beam switching
    handover
    HetNet
    mobility management
    Opis:
    Ensuring a seamless connection with various types of mobile user equipment (UE) items is one of the more significant challenges facing different generations of wireless systems. However, enabling the high-band spectrum – such as the millimeter wave (mmWave) band – is also one of the important factors of 5G networks, as it enables them to deal with increasing demand and ensures high coverage. Therefore, the deployment of new (small) cells with a short range and operating within the mmWave band is required in order to assist the macro cells which are responsible for operating long-range radio connections. The deployment of small cells results in a new network structure, known as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). As a result, the number of passthrough cells using the handover (HO) process will be dramatically increased. Mobility management (MM) in such a massive network will become crucial, especially when it comes to mobile users traveling at very high speeds. Current MM solutions will be ineffective, as they will not be able to provide the required reliability, flexibility, and scalability.Thus, smart algorithms and techniques are required in future networks. Also, machine learning (ML) techniques are perfectly capable of supporting the latest 5G technologies that are expected to deliver high data rates to upcoming use cases and services, such as massive machine type communications (mMTC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC). This paper aims to review the MM approaches used in 5G HetNets and describes the deployment of AI mechanisms and techniques in ″connected mode″ MM schemes. Furthermore, this paper addresses the related challenges and suggests potential solutions for 5G networks and beyond.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 2; 53--62
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    LEES: a Hybrid Lightweight Elliptic ElGamal-Schnorr-Based Cryptography for Secure D2D Communications
    Autorzy:
    Ambareen, Javeria
    Prabhakar, M.
    Ara, Tabassum
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839354.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G networks
    authentication
    D2D communication
    IoT
    lightweight cryptography
    Opis:
    Device-to-device (D2D) communications in 5G networks will provide greater coverage, as devices will be acting as users or relays without any intermediate nodes. However, this arrangement poses specific security issues, such as rogue relays, and is susceptible to various types of attacks (impersonation, eavesdropping, denial-of-service), due to the fact that communication occurs directly. It is also recommended to send fewer control messages, due to authenticity- and secrecy related prevailing requirements in such scenarios. Issues related to IoT applications need to be taken into consideration as well, as IoT networks are inherently resource-constrained and susceptible to various attacks. Therefore, novel signcryption algorithms which combine encryption with digital signatures are required to provide secure 5G IoT D2D communication scenarios in order to protect user information and their data against attacks, without simultaneously increasing communication costs. In this paper, we propose LEES, a secure authentication scheme using public key encryption for secure D2D communications in 5G IoT networks. This lightweight solution is a hybrid of elliptic curve ElGamal-Schnorr algorithms. The proposed scheme is characterized by low requirements concerning computation cost, storage and network bandwidth, and is immune to security threats, thus meeting confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation-related criteria that are so critical for digital signature schemes. It may be used in any 5G IoT architectures requiring enhanced D2D security and performance.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 24-30
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Centralized Spectrum Sharing and Coordination Between Terrestrial and Aerial Base Stations of 3GPP-Based 5G Networks
    Autorzy:
    Bechta, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    5G
    spectrum sharing
    unmanned aerial vehicle
    Opis:
    The objective of this paper is to estimate performance of a new approach for spectrum sharing and coordination between terrestrial base stations (BS) and On-board radio access nodes (UxNB) carried by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). This approach employs an artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithm implemented in a centralized controller. According to the assessment based on the latest specifications of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) the newly defined Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM) is feasible to implement and utilize an algorithm for dynamic and efficient distribution of available radio resources between all radio nodes involved in process of optimization. An example of proprietary algorithm has been described, which is based on the principles of Kohonen neural networks. The algorithm has been used in simulation scenario to illustrate the performance of the novel approach of centralized radio channels allocation between terrestrial BSs and UxNBs deployed in 3GPP-defined rural macro (RMa) environment. Simulation results indicate that at least 85% of simulated downlink (DL) transmissions are gaining additional channel bandwidth if presented algorithm is used for spectrum distribution between terrestrial BSs and UxNBs instead of baseline soft frequency re-use (SFR) approach.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 2; 301-308
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Security Verification in the Context of 5G Sensor Networks
    Autorzy:
    Remlein, Piotr
    Stachowiak, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839340.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G
    automated symbolic analysis
    Internet of Things
    security protocols
    sensor networks
    Opis:
    In order to develop reliable safety standards for 5G sensor networks (SN) and the Internet of Things, appropriate verification tools are needed, including those offering the ability to perform automated symbolic analysis process. The Tamarin prover is one of such software-based solutions. It allows to formally prove security protocols. This paper shows the modus operandi of the tool in question. Its application has been illustrated using an example of an exchange of messages between two agents, with asynchronous encryption. The scheme may be implemented, for instance, in the TLS/DTLS protocol to create a secure cryptographic key exchange mechanism. The aim of the publication is to demonstrate that automated symbolic analysis may be relied upon to model 5G sensor networks security protocols. Also, a use case in which the process of modeling the DTLS 1.2 handshake protocol enriched with the TCP SYN Cookies mechanism, used to preventing DoS attacks, is presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 107-119
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uwarunkowania ekspozycji ludności na pole elektromagnetyczne związane z użytkowaniem radiokomunikacyjnych sieci w technologii 5G w Polsce
    Conditionings of population exposure to electromagnetic fields associated with the rational use of 5G radiocommunication networks in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Bieńkowski, Paweł
    Zmyślony, Marek
    Karpowicz, Jolanta
    Politański, Piotr
    Bortkiewicz, Alicja
    Kieliszek, Jarosław
    Rydzyński, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-30
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    zdrowie publiczne
    pole elektromagnetyczne
    zdrowie środowiskowe
    zagrożenia elektromagnetyczne
    radiokomunikacja
    sieci 5G
    public health
    electromagnetic fields
    environmental health
    electromagnetic hazards
    radio-communication
    5G networks
    Opis:
    W 2017 r. w Polsce rozpoczęto przygotowania do zapewnienia wszystkim obywatelom dostępu do internetu o prędkości co najmniej 30 Mb/s, a 50% gospodarstw domowych – o prędkości co najmniej 100 Mb/s. Cel ten ma być zrealizowany dzięki m.in. sieci radiokomunikacyjnej standardu piątej generacji (5G). W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z założeniami konstrukcji sieci 5G oraz oszacowano poziom ekspozycji ludności na pola elektromagnetyczne związane z racjonalnym użytkowaniem tych sieci. Przeanalizowano również, czy z technicznego punktu widzenia implementacja sieci 5G może zapewnić dotrzymanie obecnie dopuszczalnego w Polsce poziomu natężenia pola elektrycznego (7 V/m), przy jednoczesnym uwzględnieniu występującego obecnie w środowisku narażenia powodowanego przez anteny stacji bazowych telefonii komórkowej. Jest to przyczynek do trwającej dyskusji nad koniecznością zmiany obowiązujących w Polsce wymagań ograniczających poziom ekspozycji ludności na pola elektromagnetyczne. Analiza teoretyczna ekspozycji środowiska na pole elektromagnetyczne emitowane przez systemy 5G, przeprowadzona na podstawie dostępnej dokumentacji proponowanych standardów technicznych, pokazuje, że przy racjonalnym gospodarowaniu mocą uzyskanie oczekiwanej (zgodnej ze standardami 5G) jakości połączeń za pośrednictwem stacji bazowych zainstalowanych na zewnątrz budynków i wykorzystujących inteligentne systemy antenowe o sterowanych wiązkach będzie można utrzymać natężenie pola elektrycznego i gęstość mocy poniżej aktualnych wartości dopuszczalnych w miejscach dostępnych dla ludności (<7 V/m, <0,1 W/m2).
    In 2017, preparations were made in Poland to provide all citizens with access to the Internet at a speed of at least 30 Mb/s, and at a speed of at least 100 Mb/s for 50% of households. This goal is to be realized, among others, by means of the fifth generation (5G) radio-communication networks. This work presents the assumptions of the 5G network structure and estimates of the level of population exposure toelectromagnetic fields related to their rational use. It was also analyzed whether, from the technical point of view, 5G networks could be implemented while respecting the currently acceptable level of electromagnetic field intensity in Poland (7 V/m), taking into account the current environmental exposure caused by antennas of cellular base stations. This is a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the need to change the requirements in Poland in order to limit the level of population exposure to electromagnetic fields. Based on the available documentation of the proposed technical standards, the theoretical analysis of environmental exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by 5G systems shows that, with rational power management, obtaining the expected (compatible with 5G standards) quality of connections via base stations installed outside of buildings and using intelligent antenna systems with controlled beams, it will be possible to maintain the electric field strength and power density below the current limit values in places accessible to the public (<7 V/m, <0.1 W/m2).
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 2; 245-253
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona zdrowia ludności przed zagrożeniami elektromagnetycznymi − wyzwania wynikające z planowanego w Polsce wdrożenia systemu radiokomunikacji standardu 5G
    Protection of the population health from electromagnetic hazards − challenges resulting from the implementation of the 5G network planned in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Zmyślony, Marek
    Bieńkowski, Paweł
    Bortkiewicz, Alicja
    Karpowicz, Jolanta
    Kieliszek, Jarosław
    Politański, Piotr
    Rydzyński, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-01-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    pole elektromagnetyczne
    zdrowie środowiskowe
    radiokomunikacja
    zasada ostrożności
    ochrona środowiska
    standard 5G
    electromagnetic field
    environmental health
    radio communication
    precautionary principle
    environmental protection
    5G networks
    Opis:
    Trwa dyskusja o zagrożeniach elektromagnetycznych w kontekście projektowania nowej technologii łączności bezprzewodowej piątej generacji – standardu 5G. Pojawiają się obawy o zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia wynikające z oddziaływania pola elektromagnetycznego (PEM) emitowanego przez projektowane urządzenia radionadawcze sieci 5G. W Polsce obowiązują wymagania ograniczające ekspozycję ludności na PEM powyżej częstotliwości 300 MHz do poziomu 7 V/m. Wynikają one z uwzględnienia działań ochronnych dotyczących nie tylko bezpośrednich zagrożeń termicznych, ale również zróżnicowanych zagrożeń pośrednich i długoterminowych. Wiele państw nie ustanowiło wymagań prawnych w tym zakresie częstotliwości lub wprowadziło je na podstawie rekomendacji dotyczącej jedynie ochrony przed bezpośrednimi zagrożeniami termicznymi (Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC), co odpowiada dopuszczalnym, zależnym od częstotliwości poziomom PEM rzędu 20–60 V/m. Niniejsza praca powstała w ramach interdyscyplinarnej współpracy inżynierów, biologów i lekarzy od lat związanych zawodowo z ochroną biosfery przed negatywnymi skutkami działania PEM. Przedstawiono w niej stan wiedzy na temat biologicznego i zdrowotnego działania PEM emitowanego przez urządzenia radionadawcze telefonii komórkowej (w tym planowanych do wykorzystania w sieci 5G fal milimetrowych) i na tym tle porównano zalecenia UE i obowiązujące w Polsce przepisy dotyczące ochrony ludności. Wyniki dotychczasowych badań nad biologicznym działaniem radiofalowego PEM emitowanego przez urządzenia nadawcze telefonii komórkowej o częstotliwościach do 6 GHz nie pozwalają na postawienie zdecydowanych wniosków, chociaż dowody naukowe uznano za wystarczające do zaklasyfikowania przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia takiego PEM jako czynnika środowiskowego potencjalnie rakotwórczego dla ludzi. Obecnie nie ma również adekwatnych danych naukowych pozwalających na ocenę skutków zdrowotnych ekspozycji na elektromagnetyczne fale milimetrowe, jakie planuje się wykorzystać w projektowanych urządzeniach nadawczych systemów 5G. Niemniej ze względu na to, że istnieją dane wskazujące na istnienie mechanizmów biofizycznych oddziaływania PEM mogących prowadzić do negatywnych skutków zdrowotnych, konieczne wydaje się stosowanie przy tworzeniu wymagań środowiskowych dotyczących budowy i użytkowania infrastruktury radionadawczej planowanego systemu 5G zasady ostrożności i zasady ALARA.
    There is an ongoing discussion about electromagnetic hazards in the context of the new wireless communication technology – the fifth generation (5G) standard. Concerns about safety and health hazards resulting from the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the designed 5G antennas have been raised. In Poland, the level of the population’s exposure to EMF is limited to 7 V/m for frequencies above 300 MHz. This limitation results from taking into account the protective measures related not only to direct thermal hazards, but also to diversified indirect and long-term threats. Many countries have not established legal requirements in this frequency range, or they have introduced regulations based on recommendations regarding protection against direct thermal risks only (Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC). For such protection, the permissible levels of electric field intensity are 20–60 V/m (depending on the frequency). This work has been created through an interdisciplinary collaboration of engineers, biologists and doctors, who have been for many years professionally dealing with the protection of the biosphere against the negative effects of EMF. It presents the state of knowledge on the biological and health effects of the EMF emitted by mobile phone devices (including millimeter waves which are planned to be used in the 5G network). A comparison of the EU recommendations and the provisions on public protection being in force in Poland was made against this background. The results of research conducted to date on the biological effects of the EMF radiofrequency emitted by mobile telecommunication devices, operating with the frequencies up to 6 GHz, do not allow drawing any firm conclusions; however, the research evidence is strong enough for the World Health Organization to classify EMF as an environmental factor potentially carcinogenic to humans. At the moment, there is a shortage of adequate scientific data to assess the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic millimeter waves, which are planned to be used in the designed 5G devices. Nevertheless, due to the fact that there are data indicating the existence of biophysical mechanisms of the EMF influence that may lead to adverse health effects, it seems necessary to use the precautionary principle and the ALARA principle when creating environmental requirements for the construction and exploitation of the infrastructure of the planned 5G system.
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 1; 105-113
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Instytut Łączności wobec wyzwań związanych z wdrażaniem sieci 5G w Polsce
    The National Institute of Telecommunications in the face of challenges for the implementation of 5G networks in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Krawiec, P.
    Mongay Batalla, J.
    Gajewski, M.
    Sienkiewicz, K.
    Wiśniewski, P.
    Latoszek, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317352.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G
    eMBB
    sieci mobilne
    wdrożenie 5G
    5G deployment
    mobile networks
    Opis:
    W artykule zaprezentowano korzyści gospodarcze płynące z wdrożenia nowej generacji sieci mobilnych, tzw. sieci 5G, oraz omówiono wynikające z nich efekty społeczne, w tym spodziewany wpływ na rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Następnie przedstawiono wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem 5G w Polsce. W głównej mierze wynikają one z obecności barier o charakterze technicznym, ekonomicznym i prawnym, które mogą spowolnić proces wdrażania 5G w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono również inicjatywy mające na celu identyfikację barier wdrażania sieci 5G oraz potencjalne sposoby ich likwidacji. W tym kontekście przedstawiono działania Instytutu Łączności na rzecz wdrażania 5G w Polsce, w tym poprzez organizację prac w kierowanym przez Ministra Cyfryzacji Porozumieniu na rzecz Strategii „5G dla Polski” oraz uczestnictwo w projekcie 5G@PL realizowanym w ramach strategicznego programu badań naukowych i prac rozwojowych „Społeczny i gospodarczy rozwój Polski w warunkach globalizujących się rynków – Gospostrateg”.
    This paper discusses the economic benefits experienced by implementation of new, the 5th generation of mobile network (5G), and associated social effects, including the expected impact of the 5G on the information society. In the light of the expected development of 5G system, the authors present challenges related to implementation of 5G in Poland. The challenges mainly derive from social, economic and legal barriers that have a negative impact on effective implementation of 5G in Poland. The article presents also initiatives for identifying and removing these barriers. In this context, the paper presents activities of the National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT) for the implementation of 5G in Poland, including the Agreement on the „5G for Poland” Strategy that is led by the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the work performed within the agreement is directed by NIT. Moreover, NIT participates in 5G@PL project under the strategic program of scientific research and development „Social and economic development of Poland in the context of globalization – Gospostrateg”.
    Źródło:
    Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne; 2018, 1-2; 38-52
    1640-1549
    1899-8933
    Pojawia się w:
    Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Two-Dimensional Drone Base Station Placement in Cellular Networks Using MINLP Model
    Autorzy:
    Taghavi, Mina
    Abouei, Jamshid
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227091.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    5G cellular networks
    drone base stations
    mobile base stations
    node placement
    Opis:
    Utilization of drones is going to become predominated in cellular networks as aerial base stations in order to temporary cover areas where stationary base stations cannot serve the users. Detecting optimal location and efficient number of drone-Base Stations (DBSs) are the targets we tackle in this paper. Toward this goal, we first model the problem using mixed integer non-linear programming. The output of the proposed method is the number and the optimal location of DBSs in a two-dimension area, and the object is to maximize the number of covered users. In the second step, since the proposed method is not solvable using conventional methods, we use a proposed method to solve the optimization problem. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method has achieved its goals.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 4; 701-706
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Design of a Microstrip Filtering Antenna for 4G and 5G Wireless Networks
    Autorzy:
    Boddu, Ramesh
    Deb, Arindam
    Roy, Jibendu Sekhar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    elliptical microstrip patch antenna
    filtering antenna
    hairpin bandpass filter
    Opis:
    The filtering antenna provides both radiation and filtering features and is an important component for the RF front-end of wireless devices. The main function of a filtering antenna is to reject out-of-band signals, thus reducing the interference from adjacent channels. The aim of the present work is to design a 2.6 GHz microstrip filtering antenna for 4G and 5G global mobile services. The filtering antenna is designed using a hairpin bandpass filter integrated with an elliptical microstrip aerial. Good impedance matching is obtained by using appropriate dimensions of the hairpin bandpass filter. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the filtering antenna is approx. 5.7%, with the maximum gain for the elliptical filtering antenna of approx. 2.2 dB. Good agreements between the measured and simulated results are obtained for the proposed filtering antenna and the bandwidth covers almost the entire 2.6 GHz band.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2023, 2; 78--83
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    MIMO Beam Selection in 5G Using Neural Networks
    Autorzy:
    Ruseckas, Julius
    Molis, Gediminas
    Bogucka, Hanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055220.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    5G
    context information
    MIMO beam orientation
    machine learning
    neural networks
    Opis:
    In this paper, we consider cell-discovery problem in 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems using multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) beam-forming technique. Specifically, we aim at the proper beam selection method using context-awareness of the user-equipment to reduce latency in beam/cell identification. Due to high path-loss in mmWave systems, beam-forming technique is extensively used to increase Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). When seeking to increase user discovery distance, narrow beam must be formed. Thus, a number of possible beam orientations and consequently time needed for the discovery increases significantly when random scanning approach is used. The idea presented here is to reduce latency by employing artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) algorithms to guess the best beam orientation using context information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), lidars and cameras, and use the knowledge to swiftly initiate communication with the base station. To this end, here, we propose a simple neural network to predict beam orientation from GNSS and lidar data. Results show that using only GNSS data one can get acceptable performance for practical applications. This finding can be useful for user devices with limited processing power.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 4; 693--698
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study on transmission quality in cellular 4G and 5G networks between 2019–2021: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of provided services by operating base transceiver stations
    Autorzy:
    Falkowski-Gilski, Przemysław
    Uhl, Tadeus
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29521051.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    mobile technologies
    multimedia transmission
    QoN
    Quality of Network
    QoS
    Quality of Service
    quality evaluation
    Opis:
    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly limited user mobility, not least among students. Remote learning had a particular impact on resource allocation in relation to using terrestrial cellular networks, especially 4G systems in urban agglomerations. This paper presents the results of a quality evaluation of an outdoor environment, carried out between 2019 and 2021 on the campus of a technical university. Annual studies are conducted using our own custom-built mobile application, installed on 50 mobile devices (i.e., smartphones) running Android OS. This study aims to determine the impact of reduced user mobility on access parameters in mobile networks, that is, both download and upload throughput as well as delay (ping), with a particular focus on serving base transceiver stations (BTSs). This research scenario involves long-term evolution (LTE) compatible user equipment (UE) that operates under four Polish mobile network operators (MNO), which includes roaming connections and the newly launched 5G standard.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2023, 73 (145); 54-63
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Performance Analysis of Empirical Radio Propagation Models in Wireless Cellular Networks
    Autorzy:
    Rahul, Rahul
    Bansal, Bajrang
    Kapoor, Rajiv
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075552.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    2G
    3G
    4G
    5G Cellular Networks
    Cell Coverage
    Path Loss
    Radio Propagation Models
    Opis:
    This paper presents the performance analysis of different empirical radio propagation models used in wireless cellular networks. It particular, the parameters such as path loss and cell coverage area are studied for different cellular networks from second generation (2G) to fifth generation (5G). Accurate prediction of path loss and coverage area is highly desirable for planning of any wireless communication systems. Considering the urban terrain, the comparison is made between Hata model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) model, and modified SUI models. As a motivation for new millimeter wave (mm-wave) cellular systems, i.e., for 5G communication, the analysis is performed at 28 GHz. Considering -75 dBm as the desired minimum received power, it is observed that 2G communication (at 900 MHz using Hata model) experiences the lowest path loss and thus results into largest coverage area. The path loss is observed to be maximum for the future mm-wave systems (at 28 GHz using modified SUI model) that directly imply the smallest coverage area.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2019, 121; 35-41
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of Latency-Aware Network Slicing in 5G Packet xHaul Networks
    Autorzy:
    Klinkowski, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    5G
    radio access networks
    packet-switched xHaul
    latency-sensitive network
    network slicing
    traffic prioritization
    network optimization
    Opis:
    Packet-switched xHaul networks are a scalable solution enabling convergent transport of diverse types of radio data flows, such as fronthaul / midhaul / backhaul (FH / MH / BH) flows, between remote sites and a central site (hub) in 5G radio access networks (RANs). Such networks can be realized using the cost-efficient Ethernet technology, which enhanced with time-sensitive networking (TSN) features allows for prioritized transmission of latency-sensitive fronthaul flows. Provisioning of multiple types of 5G services of different service requirements in a shared network, commonly referred to as network slicing, requires adequate handling of transported data flows in order to satisfy particular service / slice requirements. In this work, we investigate two traffic prioritization policies, namely, flowaware (FA) and latency-aware (LA), in a packet-switched xHaul network supporting slices of different latency requirements. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies in a networkplanning case study, where virtualized radio processing resources allocated at the processing pool (PP) facilities, for two slices related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) services, are subject to optimization. Using numerical experiments, we analyze PP cost savings from applying the LA policy (vs. FA) in various network scenarios. The savings in active PPs reach up to 40% − 60% in ring scenarios and 30% in a mesh network, whereas the gains in overall PP cost are up to 20% for the cost values assumed in the analysis.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 2; 335--340
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Design and Analysis of An Improved AODV Protocol Based on Clustering Approach for Internet of Vehicles (AODV-CD)
    Autorzy:
    Ebadinezhad, Sahar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844586.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing
    clustering
    internet of vehicles
    vehicular ad hoc networks
    quality of service
    5G wireless networks
    Opis:
    The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) has become a vital research area in order to enhance passenger and road safety, increasing traffic efficiency and enhanced reliable connectivity. In this regard, for monitoring and controlling the communication between IoVs, routing protocols are deployed. Frequent changes that occur in the topology often leads to major challenges in IoVs, such as dynamic topology changes, shortest routing paths and also scalability. One of the best solutions for such challenges is “clustering”. This study focuses on IoVs’ stability and to create an efficient routing protocol in dynamic environment. In this context, we proposed a novel algorithm called Cluster-based enhanced AODV for IoVs (AODV-CD) to achieve stable and efficient clustering for simplifying routing and ensuring quality of service (QoS). Our proposed protocol enhances the overall network throughput and delivery ratio, with less routing load and less delay compared to AODV. Thus, extensive simulations are carried out in SUMO and NS2 for evaluating the efficiency of the AODV-CD that is superior to the classic AODV and other recent modified AODV algorithms.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 1; 13-22
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modified PSO Based Channel Allocation Scheme for Interference Management in 5G Wireless Mesh Networks
    Autorzy:
    Benni, Nirmalkumar S.
    Manvi, Sunilkumar S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142305.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    channel allocation
    co-channel interference
    convex optimization
    multicarrier NOMA
    Rayleigh fading
    Opis:
    Efficient channel management is a challenge that next-generation wireless networks need to meet in order to satisfy increasing bandwidth demand and transmission rate requirements. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of such efficient channel allocation methods used in 5G backhaul wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we propose a power demand-based channel allocation method for 5G backhaul wireless mesh networks by employing NOMA and considering traffic demands in small cells, thereby improving channel utility. In this scheme, we work with physical layer transmission. The foremost aim is to mutually optimize the uplink/downlink NOMA channel assignment in order to increase user fairness. The approach concerned may be divided into two steps. First, initial channel allocation is performed by employing the traveling salesman problem (TSP), due to its similarity to many-to-many double-side user-channel allocation. Second, the modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is applied for allocation updates, by introducing a decreasing coefficient which may have the form of a standard stochastic estimate algorithm. To enhance exploration capacity of modified the PSO, a random velocity is included to optimize the convergence rate and exploration behavior. The performance of the designed scheme is estimated through simulation, taking into account such parameters as through put, spectral efficiency, sum-rate, outage probability, signal to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and fairness. The proposed scheme maximizes network capacity and improves fairness between the individual stations. Experimental results show that the proposed technique performs better than existing solutions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 2; 1--13
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Towards 5G - Cloud-based Radio Access Networks
    Autorzy:
    Gajewski, Sławomir (telekomunikacja).
    Powiązania:
    Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte 2017, nr 3, s. 33-41
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Tematy:
    Przetwarzanie w chmurze
    Telefonia komórkowa
    Postęp techniczny
    Artykuł problemowy
    Artykuł z czasopisma naukowego
    Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego
    Opis:
    Rysunki.
    Bibliografia na stronach 40-41.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Towards 5G — Cloud-based Radio Access Networks
    W kierunku 5G — sieci dostępu radiowego w chmurze
    Autorzy:
    Gajewski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222586.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
    Tematy:
    5G
    phantom-cells
    LTE-A
    Cloud-RAN
    virtual cells
    komórki wirtualne
    sieć dostępowa w chmurze
    Opis:
    In the paper a general concept of the 5G network architecture is presented as well as system requirements having impact on innovative solutions in the 5G network are highlighted. A major part of the paper is both presentation and discussion of the problem of Cloud Radio Access Network introduction for public networks in which the cell and resource virtualisation will be implemented. On the other hand, the problem of resource virtualization in the STRUGA system is discussed in which the C-RAN implementation is proposed for performance improvement.
    W artykule omówiono ogólną architekturę sieci 5G oraz wymagania systemowe mające wpływ na stosowane w niej innowacyjne rozwiązania. Główną część stanowi prezentacja problematyki wdrażania sieci C-RAN w publicznych sieciach komórkowych, w których zostaną zaimplementowane metody wirtualizacji komórek oraz zasobów fizycznych. Przeanalizowano także problem wirtualizacji zasobów w systemie STRUGA, dla którego zaproponowano implementację sieci C-RAN w celu zwiększenia wydajności systemu.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2017, R. 58 nr 3 (210), 3 (210); 33-41
    0860-889X
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy Efficiency in 5G Communications – Conventional to Machine Learning Approaches
    Autorzy:
    Shahid, Muhammad Khalil
    Debretsion, Filmon
    Eyob, Aman
    Ahmed, Irfan
    Faisal, Tarig
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G
    energy efficiency
    wireless networks
    Opis:
    Demand for wireless and mobile data is increasing along with development of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (ER) applications. In order to handle ultra-high data exchange rates while offering low latency levels, fifth generation (5G) networks have been proposed. Energy efficiency is one of the key objectives of 5G networks. The notion is defined as the ratio of throughput and total power consumption, and is measured using the number of transmission bits per Joule. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art techniques ensuring good energy efficiency in 5G wireless networks. We cover the base-station on/off technique, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, small cells, coexistence of long term evolution (LTE) and 5G, signal processing algorithms, and the latest machine learning techniques. Finally, a comparison of a few recent research papers focusing on energy-efficient hybrid beamforming designs in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is presented. Results show that machine learningbased designs may replace best performing conventional techniques thanks to a reduced complexity machine learning encoder.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2020, 4; 1-9
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Renewable energy electric sources as a support for multilevel cellular communication networks in various environment conditions : case study
    Autorzy:
    Cuiñas, Iñigo
    Znajdek, Katarzyna
    Sibiński, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
    Tematy:
    5G
    cellular networks
    energy resources
    mobile communication
    solar energy
    Opis:
    Cellular mobile communication networks are experiencing an important evolution with the emerging deployment of 5G networks and the successive decline in the use of previous generations in the years to come. In parallel, policies promoting ecological transition are gaining social impact and economic interest and this seems to be the trend in the near future. In the telecommunications market, the shift between two dominant generations could be an important opportunity to introduce renewable energy sources to green the sector, reducing the carbon footprint of the world-wide extended activity. This work analyses the current situation and provides an insight into the possibilities to incorporate renewable energy supplies, specifically photovoltaics (as it seems to be the most promising among clean electric sources), perhaps combined with small wind turbines in off-grid systems. Paper also compares the characteristics of standard facilities in Spain and Poland, two different European countries in terms of weather and insolation hours.
    Źródło:
    Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 1; art. no. e3145436
    1230-3402
    Pojawia się w:
    Opto-Electronics Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Political and Economic Contexts of Implementing 5G in Poland and in Selected European Countries
    Autorzy:
    Soler, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839461.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    5G technology
    cybersecurity
    economy
    Europe
    mobile networks
    telecommunications
    Opis:
    The technology race to achieve the position of an economic leader is a phenomenon that has been taking place all over the world. The 5G technology has become a vital component of this race over the recent years. The technical capabilities it offers and the role it may play in the economy have become the subject of political debate and are at the very core of the “war for technology” between two superpowers: China and the United States. The European Union is aware of the fact that the position Europe enjoys on the international arena depends, to a large extent, on how quickly European countries will develop and implement 5G. Are individual European member states capable of seamlessly implementing the assumptions of strategies and plans concerned with the development of 5th generation technologies? Will the security of 5G networks be ensured in Europe? These are just some of the issues that are analyzed in this article with their economic and political context taken into consideration. A broader perspective is presented, with primary focus on the global geopolitical situation and on the conflict between China and the United States. The study was conducted by relying on an in-depth analysis of strategic state documents, reports drawn up by institutions tasked with implementing and monitoring the development of 5G technology, as well as literature on the subject and online resources.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 2; 38-42
    1509-4553
    1899-8852
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Next generation cellular networks services for transport needs
    Kolejna generacja sieci komórkowych w usługach transportowych
    Autorzy:
    Sułkowski, K.
    Odarchenko, R.
    Gnatyuk, S.
    Machalin, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/249869.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
    Tematy:
    cellular network
    transportation services
    5G
    transport infrastructure
    sieć komórkowa
    usługi transportowe
    infrastruktura transportowa
    Opis:
    Transport infrastructure is vital to the well-functioning of economic activities and a key to ensuring social wellbeing and cohesion of populations. Adequate infrastructure is a fundamental precondition for transport systems. So, the main aim is to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. In this case modern and next generation wireless technologies can be used. In the nearest future, up to 2020, 5G cellular networks have to be deployed in Europe and they will bring lots of benefits for transport systems. That’s why it is necessary to investigate new opportunities of next generation cellular networks and to implement them to the concept of intelligent transport systems of the future.
    Infrastruktura transportowa jest niezbędna do prawidłowego funkcjonowania działalności gospodarczej i kluczem do zapewnienia dobrobytu i spójności społeczeństwa. Odpowiednia infrastruktura jest podstawowym warunkiem dla systemów transportowych. Tak więc, głównym celem jest dostarczanie innowacyjnych usług związanych z różnymi środkami transportu i zarządzania ruchem oraz umożliwienie użytkownikom dostępu do "inteligentniejszego" korzystania z sieci transportowych. W tym przypadku można stosować nowoczesne technologie bezprzewodowe. W najbliższym czasie, aż do roku 2020, sieci komórkowe 5G mają być rozmieszczone w Europie i dostarczyć wiele korzyści dla systemów transportowych. Dlatego konieczne jest zbadanie nowych możliwości kolejnej generacji sieci komórkowych i wprowadzić je do koncepcji inteligentnych systemów transportowych w przyszłości.
    Źródło:
    TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2016, 12; 246-250
    1232-3829
    2543-5728
    Pojawia się w:
    TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected aspects of non-orthogonal multiple access for future wireless communications – for IoT
    Autorzy:
    Wysocki, Tadeusz A.
    Flizikowski, Adam
    Marciniak, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016292.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydawnictwo PB
    Tematy:
    IoT networks
    NOMA
    5G
    Opis:
    This paper has provided an overview of selected IoT architectures, relevant requirements towards 5G (and beyond) systems as well as indication of NOMA techniques suitability as a multiple access technique and recent developments in the area of radio interface for IoT coexisting with 5G (and beyond) mobile networks. The authors assume that IoT networks in the future will be augmented with NOMA-capable sink-nodes (proxy or gateway) that can deliver aggregated data from multiple sensors for delivery to the cloud or other server. The main aim of this paper is to go beyond state of the art available nowadays and indicate directions for NOMA that make it even more attractive in combination with edge computing, cloud-RAN and especially AI/ML to improve future 6G networks.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy; 2020, 24; 45-65
    1899-0088
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Telekomunikacja i Elektronika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Europejskie społeczeństwo gigabitowe
    The European Gigabit Society
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558151.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
    Tematy:
    European Gigabit Society;
    Gigabit Society;
    5G;
    European Union;
    Electronic Communications Networks;
    Poland;
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to present the European gigabit society which is perceived by European Union’s leaders as a model of the future European society and economy. It is based on new digital technologies of the XXI century and on new, very high capacity mobile telecommunications networks. The rapid growth of information being processed and transmitted through electronic communications networks needs new high-speed and highly reliable broadband networks essential to economic growth, competitiveness and innovation as well as better quality products, services and the citizen’s satisfaction. The 5G communications network is the solution which is perceived as a type of network which should resolve these problems. In the paper the concept of the European gigabit society is clarifi ed, the 5G technology and its level of development in the European Union and in its Member States are described including Poland vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The European gigabit society is already under development and the 5G communication network is crucial to its success. It should be widely available in Europe including Poland. The paper is based on the analysis of official documents of the European Union and its Member States including Poland, official reports of the most active electronic telecommunications companies providing and implementing 5G technologies and on talks with representatives of some of the ones which are active on the Polish market.
    Źródło:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2020, 24, 1; 151-172
    1428-149X
    2719-3780
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ICT in the Polish Railway Industry
    Autorzy:
    Gago, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215108.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Kolejnictwa
    Tematy:
    broadband ICT networks
    5G technologies
    ICT in the railway industry
    Internet of Things (IoT)
    Physical Internet (PI)
    szerokopasmowe sieci teleinformatyczne
    technologia 5G
    teleinformatyka
    kolejnictwo
    Internet Rzeczy
    Fizyczny Internet
    Opis:
    The article intends to discuss the impact of the development of IT and logistics systems on the development of ICT networks in the context of practical application in the area of transport, especially in the area of railway transport in Poland. At present, PKP PLK is involved in the construction of a teletransmission network, to be used mainly with ERTMS. According to the author, development of the network should be planned in such a way that this network is able to satisfy the current and future needs of all railway companies in the area of data transmission, making it possible for such railway companies to extend their range of ICT services to include other forms of transport. Systems of railway traffic control should be established within a physically isolated fibre-optic network (isolated fi bres in fibre-optic cables).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2018, 179; 75-81
    0552-2145
    2544-9451
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Kolejnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interference in Multi-beam Antenna System of 5G Network
    Autorzy:
    Kelner, Jan M.
    Ziółkowski, Cezary
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    systems and networks
    interference
    multi-elliptical propagation model
    multi-beam antenna system
    simulation studies
    massive MIMO
    Opis:
    Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming are key technologies, which significantly influence on increasing effectiveness of emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, especially mobile-cellular networks. In this case, the increasing effectiveness is understood mainly as the growth of network capacity resulting from better diversification of radio resources due to their spatial multiplexing in macro- and micro-cells. However, using the narrow beams in lieu of the hitherto used cell-sector brings occurring interference between the neighboring beams in the massive-MIMO antenna system, especially, when they utilize the same frequency channel. An analysis of this effect is the aim of this paper. In this case, it is based on simulation studies, where a multi-elliptical propagation model and standard 3GPP model are used. We present the impact of direction and width of the neighboring beams of 5G new radio gNodeB base station equipped with the multi-beam antenna system on the interference level between these beams. The simulations are carried out for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions of a typical urban environment.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 1; 17-23
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Security aspects of strategic co-operation of Ukraine and EU with regard to network and information systems
    Aspekty bezpieczeństwa strategicznej współpracy Ukrainy i UE w odniesieniu do sieciowych i informatycznych systemów
    Autorzy:
    Olijnyk, Danyila
    Ilyash, Olha
    Konizhai, Yurii
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811793.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-20
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    security of network and information systems
    global information infrastructure
    electronic communications
    Internet of Things
    next generation networks
    broadband
    5G
    bezpieczeństwo sieci i systemów informatycznych
    globalna infrastruktura informacyjna
    komunikacja elektroniczna
    internet rzeczy
    sieci nowej generacji
    internet szerokopasmowy
    Opis:
    On the basis of an analysis of the EU regulatory framework on network and information systems security, the authors share the opinion that the geopolitical and economic factors of development, Ukraine may apply for inclusion in the global information infrastructure intended to connect all telecommunication and computer networks in globally, and is emerging to address complex issues such as security, privacy, hardware and software compatibility, identity management, digital rights management, and more. It is a European vector of integration of Ukraine for the creation of next-generation digital networks. However, it requires not only the proclamation of these directions as a priority but also the political will of the authorities and the establishment of a mechanism of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions with the involvement of Ukraine’s strategic partners. The development of balanced interaction with the global digital infrastructure, strategic programming of digital preservation development and data processing, including energy and telecommunications infrastructure, creation and implementation of macro models inclusive development of Ukraine as a guarantee of information security.
    Na podstawie analizy ram regulacyjnych UE dotyczących bezpieczeństwa sieci i systemów informatycznych autorzy podzielają opinię, że geopolityczne i ekonomiczne czynniki rozwoju Ukrainy mogą ubiegać się o włączenie do globalnej infrastruktury informacyjnej, mającej na celu połączenie wszystkich telekomunikacyjnych i komputerowych sieci w skali globalnej i coraz częściej pojawia się ten postulat w celu rozwiązania takich problemów, jak bezpieczeństwo, prywatność, zgodność sprzętu i oprogramowania, zarządzanie prawami cyfrowymi. Europejski wektor integracji Ukrainy został wybrany w celu tworzenia sieci cyfrowych nowej generacji. Wymaga to jednak nie tylko ogłoszenia tych priorytetowych kierunków, ale także woli politycznej władz i wyboru mechanizmu interakcji między władzami publicznymi a instytucjami społeczeństwa obywatelskiego przy zaangażowaniu strategicznych partnerów Ukrainy. Rozwój zrównoważonej interakcji z globalną infrastrukturą cyfrową, strategiczne programowanie rozwoju ochrony zasobów cyfrowych i przetwarzania danych, w tym infrastruktury energetycznej i telekomunikacyjnej, tworzenie i wdrażanie makropoleceń – stanowią gwarancję bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego Ukrainy.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Seria Ekonomia; 2019, 10, 34; 89-106
    1733-8891
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Seria Ekonomia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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