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Wyszukujesz frazę "crop diversity" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
Tytuł:
Biodiversity of the cropping system in Poland’s family farms with various production strategies in terms of the requirements of the Common Agricultural Policy
Autorzy:
Madej, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
cropping system
crop diversity
natural environment
family farms
Opis:
The structure of cropland adjusted to the specialization of farm production, apart from production and economic func-tions, may also be an element influencing the maintenance of bio-diversity of rural areas.The paper presents research on the diversity and uniformi-ty of biological cropping patterns in family farms with different production strategies. The three indicators: the number of plant species grown on the farm, Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and the Pielou evenness index (J’) were used. The study showed the differences of analyzed indexes. Mi-xed-production farms with the highest number of cultivated spe-cies in the cropping pattern (H’=1.80) were the most beneficial in terms of the diversity of crops (8.0). However, together with cattle and dairy farms, they were characterized by the most ho-mogeneous cropping pattern (J’=0.89 and J’=0.88). On the other hand, the group of grain farms that produced the lowest average number of cultivated crops (4.5) was characterized by the lowest diversity of crop structure (H’=1.16) and its lowest uniformity (J’=0.83). Taking into account the assumptions concerning crop diversi-fication, obligatory under the framework of greening, limit values of diversity and uniformity of cropping structure indicators were determined. The comparison of the cropping structure indicators obtained in the study with their limit values showed that the crop-ping structure in all groups of farms was characterized by much greater diversity and evenness, which resulted in its more benefi-cial environmental impact.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2019, 38; 46-51
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biodiversity of the crop structure on farms participating in the Polish FADN in terms of the requirements of the Common Agricultural Policy
Autorzy:
Madej, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2163437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
crop structure
crop diversity and uniformity
natural environment
Polish FADN
Opis:
The crops structure (or cropping pattern) of a farm is a production and economic feature of a farm. In addition, it is an element shaping the biodiversity of rural areas.The paper presents research on the diversity and uniformity of the structure of crops on farms of various production directions and economic size, participating in the Polish FADN network. We use three biodiversity indicators: the number of plant species cultivated on the farm, the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and the Pielou equality index (J’).The research showed the differences of the biodiversity indicator of the crop structure and its uniformity. The greatest diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) (H’ = 1.59) and uniformity (J’ = 0.71) of crops were found on farms with permanent crops, where the share of arable lands did not exceed 25%. Farms with field crops with a high share of industrial plants and potatoes had lower values of the indicators (H’ = 1.42 and J’ = 0.63, respectively), Different results were recorded on farms with granivorous animals, with the lowest diversity (H’ = 0.93) and uniformity (J’ = 0.42). Those farms had also the highest share of cereals in crop structure (75.5%).In the analysis of farms in terms of economic size, the highest value of the crop structure diversity index (H’ = 1.51) was found on big farms (100≤thous. €<500), with the highest share of industrial plants and vegetables in field cultivation. The lowest diversity, decreasing with the economic size of farms, was characteristic for very small farms (2≤thous. €<8) with the highest (75.3%) share of cereals.Taking into account the requirements of crop diversification applicable under greening policy, the limit values of the indicators of diversity and uniformity of the crop structure were determined for farms with more than 10 ha of arable land. The comparison of the crop structure indexes obtained in the research with their limit values for farms with different production directions showed that for all compared groups of farms the diversity of the crop structure exceeded the limit value. On the other hand, the uniformity of the sown structure was at the level of the limit value only on farms with field crops, and in other cases it did not exceed the limit value. In the case of all groups of farms, depending on the economic size, the diversity of the crop structure exceeded the limit value, and in the case of its uniformity, this applied to farms with an economic size of more than 50 thousand €.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2022, 51; 55-62
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversity of Aphids Associated with Field and under Greenhouse Crops (Wheat, Barley and Chili Pepper) across the Dryland Climate in Algeria
Autorzy:
Bakroune, Nourelhouda
Hachemi, Ali
Ouamane, Abdelmoneim Tarek
Boultif, Meriem
Rouahna, Houria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
aphid
diversity
crop
Biskra
Opis:
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of aphids associated with the field and under greenhouse crops in an arid climate in southeastern Algeria (Biskra province). Using yellow basins for the insects sampling, a total of 6683 specimens of aphids were collected and identified into 33 species, five (05) subfamilies: Aphidinae, Pemphiginae, Chaitophorinae, Pterocommatinae, and Greenideinae; and six tribes: Aphidini, Macrosiphin, Pemphigini, Panaphidini, Chaitophorini and Greenideini, and 22 genera. The Macrosiphini tribe is quantitatively most dominant with 20 species (61%) of the inventoried aphid population, followed by the aphidini which groups together 9 species representing 27% of the aphids inventoried. The other tribes are less represented, including one species for each tribe (12% in total). Aphis gossypii was the predominant species 29.67% of the inventoried species, followed by Rhopalosiphum maidis (15.22%) and Rhopalosiphum padi (15.07%). In terms of total wealth (S), there was a strong and positive correlation between the diversity of aphids and crops (R2 = 0.73), and also a significant relationship (df = 15, Pr > F = 0.024). Shannon’s index spatial interpolation indicates a higher diversity on agricultural lands in the study area. Shannon’s diversity and evenness index values were greater in pepper under greenhouse in Dhibia station (H′ = 2.01, E = 0.84) compared to barley and wheat, in El Haouch and Saada, respectively (H′ = 1.18, E = 0.30 and H’ = 1.45, E = 0.21).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 4; 99--109
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An attempt to use functional diversity indices for the assessment of weed communities
Próba zastosowania wskaźników różnorodności funkcjonalnej do oceny zbiorowisk chwastów
Autorzy:
Jastrzebska, M.
Wanic, M.
Kostrzewska, M.K.
Treder, K.
Nowicki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
functional diversity
functional group
functional diversity index
assessment
weed community
plant community
weed
barley
spring barley
crop rotation
species list
Opis:
This paper presents an analysis of changes in functional diversity of weeds in spring barley grown in the period 1990- 2004 in crop rotation after potato with a 25% share of this cereal (potato – spring barley – field pea – winter triticale) as well as in crop rotation with its 75% share (potato – spring barley – spring barley – spring barley) in which barley was grown once and twice after the same barley crop. No weed control was used in the present experiment. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of barley) and before harvest, the species composition and numbers of individual weed species were determined, as well as their weed biomass before harvest. On this basis, the selected functional diversity indices were calculated. Multidimensional techniques were used for dividing weeds into functional groups and for the determination of some of the indices. Potato/barley crop rotation with a 25% share of barley and growing spring barley once and twice after the same barley crop did not differentiate weed functional biodiversity. The weed functional diversity indices showed different variations over time. Higher variation was usually observed for the indices calculated for the summer communities compared to the spring ones. The strength and significance of the positive correlation between weed functional diversity and precipitation in the growing season and of the negative correlation with mean temperature for the period from April to August were dependent on the measure of diversity. The functional diversity indices showed high convergence. The FD and FAD indices proved to be interchangeable.
W pracy przedstawiono analizę zmian różnorodności funkcjonalnej chwastów w jęczmieniu jarym uprawianym w latach 1990-2004 w płodozmianie z 25% udziałem tego zboża (ziemniak – jęczmień jary – groch siewny – pszenżyto ozime) w następstwie po ziemniaku i w płodozmianie z 75% jego udziałem (ziemniak – jęczmień jary – jęczmień jary – jęczmień jary) w jedno- i dwukrotnym następstwie po sobie. W eksperymencie nie stosowano ochrony przed chwastami. Corocznie, wiosną (w pełni wschodów zboża) i przed zbiorem oznaczano skład gatunkowy i liczebność poszczególnych gatunków chwastów, a przed zbiorem także ich biomasę. Na tej podstawie obliczono wybrane wskaźniki różnorodności funkcjonalnej. W rozdzieleniu chwastów do grup funkcjonalnych oraz ustaleniu niektórych wskaźników wykorzystano techniki wielowymiarowe. Następstwo jęczmienia po ziemniaku w płodozmianie z 25% udziałem jęczmienia oraz jedno- i dwukrotne jego następstwo po sobie nie różnicowało różnorodności funkcjonalnej chwastów. Wskaźniki różnorodności funkcjonalnej chwastów wykazywały zróżnicowaną zmienność w czasie. Większą zmienność notowano zwykle w ramach wskaźników liczonych dla zbiorowisk letnich, niż wiosennych. Siła i istotność dodatniej korelacji różnorodności funkcjonalnej chwastów z ilością opadów za okres wegetacji oraz ujemnej ze średnią temperaturą w okresie od kwietnia do sierpnia kształtowały się zależnie od miernika różnorodności. Wskaźniki różnorodności funkcjonalnej wykazywały dużą zbieżność. Wzajemnie zastępowalne okazały się wskaźniki FD i FAD.
Źródło:
Acta Agrobotanica; 2012, 65, 1
0065-0951
2300-357X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrobotanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spring barley response to tillage systems and crop residues
Reakcja jęczmienia jarego na systemy uprawy roli i resztki pożniwne
Autorzy:
Woźniak, A.
Rachoń, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
spring barley
tillage system
crop residue
grain yield
weed infestation
Shannon-Wiener's diversity index
Źródło:
Agronomy Science; 2022, 77, 1; 27-43
2544-4476
2544-798X
Pojawia się w:
Agronomy Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn. (anchote) biology, productivity, and prospects of genetic improvement using biotechnological tools
Autorzy:
Feyissa, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1078304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Ogrodnictwa
Tematy:
Coccinia abyssinica
root crop
Cucurbitaceae
nutrient composition
mineral content
genetic diversity
in vitro propagation
plant biotechnology
Opis:
Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn. (local name anchote) is a tuber crop that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and it is cultivated for food and medicinal uses. It has relatively high quality of nutrient composition compared to other tuber crops, and is considered as the leading proteinous root crop with a high calcium content. Therefore, cooked anchote tubers are highly recommended for patients with broken or fractured bones. Anchote also contains alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Although anchote is principally cultivated for its tubers, farmers prefer propagation by seeds as they are easy to store. Farmers select high-quality fruits for future seeds, based on the size of fruits and tubers. Since diseases and pests rarely affect the tubers, protection is not common. However, the fruit fly can damage the fruits, which predisposes them to decay. Although anchote has very high potential as a food security crop, it is neglected and underutilized and has received very limited research attention. Research published so far covers its ethnobotany, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition, traditional methods of reproduction, in vitro reproduction, somatic embryogenesis, anther breeding, and morphological and molecular genetic diversity. This article includes an analysis of previous and current research achievements, presents findings in a comprehensive way, and suggests future direction in crop improvement using biotechnological tools.
Źródło:
Journal of Horticultural Research; 2020, 28, 2; 1-10
2300-5009
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Horticultural Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic variability and host specialization in Alternaria alternata colonizing Solanaceous crops in Sudan
Autorzy:
Abbo, A.S.
Idris, M.O.
Elballa, M.A.
Hammad, A.M.
El Sidding, M.A.R.
Karlovsky, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
plant disease
early blight
genetic variability
host
Alternaria alternata
diversity
Solanaceae
crop
amplified fragment length polymorphism
Sudan
Opis:
Early blight disease caused by Alternaria sp. is one of the most devastating diseases of Solanaceous crops widely distributed in Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation among different Alternaria isolates recovered from different Solanaceae crops showing typical symptoms of early blight disease. Infected leaves of tomato, potato, eggplant and pepper were collected from different geographical zones in Sudan. The recovered fungal isolates were identified to the genus level based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Five representative isolates were sent to the CABI Bioscience, U.K. for confirmation. The genetic relationship among the isolates was determined using the amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) technique and the generated data were used to create similarity matrices using the PAST 3.01 software package. Dendrograms were constructed based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients. A total of 70 fungal isolates was recovered from the tested plants and all of them showed morphological characteristics typical of Alternaria spp. The conidia appeared in multiple-branched chains with spore sizes in the range of 2.38−13.09 μm × 12.30−43.63 μm. Therefore, the isolates were identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. The identification was then confirmed by CABI.AFLPbased dendrogram which revealed five clusters with a significant cophenetic correlation coefficient (r = 0.834) between the dendrogram and the original similarity matrix irrespective of their geographical origins. Eighteen (75%) of the Alternaria isolated from tomato leaves were clustered together in cluster I and five isolates formed two separate clusters, viz. cluster IV (T-Kh5 and T-H1) and cluster V (T-H4 and T-Med2). The remaining isolate, T-Am5, grouped with one of the potato isolates in cluster III. The other isolates which were recovered from potato, pepper and eggplants were all separated from the tomato isolates in the largest cluster.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2018, 58, 3
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Approaches to efficient use and to increase the diversity of genetic resources for the development of prospective breeding materials of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. for conditions of Siberia
Problemy uzycia i poszerzania zmiennosci genetycznej rzepaku zoltonasiennego dla otrzymania wyjsciowych materialow hodowlanych Brassica napus L. dostosowanych do warunkow Syberii
Autorzy:
Potapov, D A
Osipova, G.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/833634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
oilseed rape
yellow seed
yellow-seeded oilseed rape
Siberia
genetic diversity
crop quality
Brassica napus
database
breeding material
genetic resource
breeding condition
Źródło:
Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops; 2005, 26, 2; 335-347
1233-8273
Pojawia się w:
Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena zachwaszczenia zbóż ozimych uprawianych w siewie czystym i z wsiewką seradeli (Ornithopus sativus L.) w systemie ekologicznym
The assessment of weed infestation of winter cereals cultivated in pure sowing and undersown with serradella in organic system
Autorzy:
Bojarszczuk, J.
Staniak, M.
Księżak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/339624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
gospodarstwo ekologiczne
indeks dominacji
indeks różnorodności
pszenica orkisz (Triticum spelta L.)
seradela (Ornithopus sativus L.)
wsiewka
zachwaszczenie
żyto ozime (Secale L.)
diversity index
dominance index
organic farm
serradella
spelt wheat
undersown crop
weed infestation
winter rye
Opis:
Celem badań była ocena zachwaszczenia zbóż ozimych, uprawianych w siewie czystym i z wsiewką seradeli (Ornithopus sativus L.) w systemie ekologicznym. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2011 i 2012, w gospodarstwie indywidualnym w rejonie Włodawy (woj. lubelskie) i w PODR Szepietowo (woj. podlaskie). Badania obejmowały oznaczenie świeżej i powietrznie suchej masy chwastów oraz ocenę ich składu gatunkowego i liczebności poszczególnych gatunków. Opisano również strukturę zbiorowisk chwastów za pomocą wskaźników ekologicznych – indeksu różnorodności Shannona oraz indeksu dominacji Simpsona. Badania wykazały, że gatunek zboża i wsiewka seradeli miały znaczący wpływ na liczebność, skład gatunkowy flory segetalnej oraz świeżą i suchą masę chwastów. W obu latach badań czyste zasiewy zbóż charakteryzowały się większym zachwaszczeniem niż mieszanki z seradelą. Najmniej konkurencyjne w stosunku do chwastów było żyto (Secale L.) uprawiane w siewie czystym. Najmniejszą liczbą gatunków niepożądanych na 1 m² oraz najmniejszym zróżnicowaniem gatunkowym charakteryzowała się pszenica orkisz (Triticum spelta L.) uprawiana z wsiewką seradeli.
The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter cereals cultivated in pure sowing and undersown with serradella in organic system. The study was carried out in 2011 in individual farm in Włodawa region (lubelskie province) and in 2012 in Agricultural Advisory Center in Szepietowo (podlaskie province). The study included yielding and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of weed infestation. Weed association structure was described by Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index. The study showed that cereal species and serradella undersowing had significant influence on abundance, botanical composition and the fresh and dry mass of weeds. In both years, the biggest weed infestation was noted in pure sowing of cereals. Winter rye cultivated in pure sowing had the lowest competitive ability with respect to weeds. The lowest number and the least differentiated weed species were found in spelt wheat cultivated with serradella.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2013, 13, 2; 5-16
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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