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Tytuł:
What does the Bible tell us about Megaliths
Autorzy:
Lebeuf, Arnold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Bible
Megaliths
Gilgal
Passover
Hanukah
Early state
Opis:
Megalithic remnants have been the object of numerous studies and constitute one of the most controversial subjects in archaeology. The problem of their function has not yet found agreement among scholars. Archaeologists are usually very careful or critical about any interpretations concerning their religious, social or ritual meanings. The same scientific caution has generally led to ignoring of practices and beliefs found in modern folklore, let alone the biblical text. This is unfortunate, because the Bible is one of the very rare written sources informing us directly about prehistoric or proto-historical periods. Biblical references to the constructions and functions of megalithic monuments are numerous, and if authors have sometimes mentioned them, this has been merely as a simple list of verses without further comment or analysis. In any case, in many places the Bible mentions the construction of megalithic monuments and gives precious information regarding their functions. Why not take them into consideration? The semantic contexts may also lead to further interpretations. Since the subject is complex and extended, this presentation of course only proposes a first approach to the problem, and quotations of the text will very unfortunately have to be reduced drastically.
Źródło:
Studia Religiologica; 2012, 45, 1; 37-56
0137-2432
2084-4077
Pojawia się w:
Studia Religiologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proces formowania się państwa Piastów
Autorzy:
Kóčka-Krenz, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Mieszko I
Bolesław Chrobry (the Brave)
central strongholds
Piast Dynasty
early state
early Middle Ages
Opis:
The paper presents a question of the Piast state formation based on the changes in the network of settlements, in particular the strongholds. The results of archaeological research, enriched by studies performed by historians, show that the processes of forming the Piast state took a relatively short time and it did not entail a period of competition between local tribal leaders. Its character was revolutionary, which determines the uniqueness of the processes occurring in the Polish lands over a thousand years ago. 
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2015, 20; 205-218
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tell el-Murra. The Polish Archaeological Survey in Ash-Sharqiyyah Governorate (Egypt, the Nile Delta)
Autorzy:
Jucha, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Archeologii
Tematy:
Nile Delta
Tell el-Murra
surface surveys
early Egyptian state
Opis:
In the light of new finds (especially from Tell el-Farkha) it seems that the Nile Delta sites had great significance not only in developing contacts between Egypt and Canaan but also in the process which finally led to the formation of the Egyptian state. It is also obvious that a number of sites of that period occur in that region (especially in the North-Eastern part of the Nile Delta). Several of them were localized during the surveys conducted in the discussed area almost twenty years ago but only a few of them were later researched archaeologically. Further data concerning the early history of the Nile Delta were obtained recently (2008) during the Polish Archaeological Survey in Ash-Sharqiyyah Governorate. The results of the survey were quite promising. Of the six sites visited, two yielded pottery material from the beginning of the Egyptian state. Of these two, the site of Tell el-Murra seems to be most suitable for further research due to the good state of preservation, the results of geophysical research and geological core drillings as well as the chronology of the material found on the surface.
Źródło:
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie; 2010, 2; 229-238
0137-3285
Pojawia się w:
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dieta elit państwa wczesnopiastowskiego w świetle badań izotopowych
Autorzy:
Błaszczyk, Dariusz
Drozd-Lipińska, Alicja
Krzyszowski, Andrzej
Poliński, Dariusz
Wrzesińska, Anna
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1900846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
dieta
państwo wczesnopiastowskie
badania izotopowe
groby komorowe
diet
the early Piast state
isotope analyses
chamber graves
Opis:
This study presents and discusses the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes analysis of individuals belonging to the social elites buried in chamber graves from the area of the first Piast state (the 2nd half of the 10th and the 1st half of the 11th c.).
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2021, 1 (28); 11-35
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiadro obite blaszanymi okuciami z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Glinnie
Autorzy:
Kurasiński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
early medieval cemetery
buckets
grave goods
Piast State
Opis:
An early medieval plank bucket was discovered in grave no. 18 in a grave field in Glinn, Sieradz county. Possibly, the bucket was manufactured by local artisans as a result of borrowing foreign patterns and techniques. In the grave, its role most probably was to emphasise the social status of the deceased as it was probably his personal property.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2015, 56; 197-214
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczne groty strzał z poroża i kości
Early medieval antler and bone arrowheads
Autorzy:
Mitelsztet, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Bone and antler
arrowheads
Early Middle Ages
Piast State
Opis:
The text aims to draw attention to the issue of early medieval antler and bone arrowheads, rarely discussed in historiography. Tracing the history of research and bringing closer the opinions of individual researchers shows how the interpretations of these monuments in archaeological literature have changed over the years. The text discusses and characterizes the findings of arrowheads from the territory ruled by the Piast Dynasty together with an attempt to divide them into types according to thetypology of A. F. Medvedev for finds from the territory of ancient Rus. These issues are only an introduction to further research in this field.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2023, 64; 243-274
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Komu i do czego potrzebne były w XVI w. sumariusze podatkowe? O narodzinach planowania budżetowego we wczesnonowożytnym Królestwie Polskim
Autorzy:
Boroda, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
early modern history
taxation system
taxes
history of the State
history of law
Opis:
The modern methods of calculating income and expenses using statistical data is sometimes attributed to the period of the Enlightenment. However, an analysis of the surviving sources (constitutions passed by the Sejm and registers of taxable income) suggests that the first attempts to create a balanced budget in the Kingdom of Poland can be dated between 1530–80. At that time action was taken to improve the functioning of the treasury, accompanied by the creation of new types of treasury documentation: tax returns and income tax registers. Both the form and content of the income tax registers indicate that they were used to calculate future years’ tax inflows and to seek the reasons for the periodical drops in revenue. Discontinuing the preparation of tax registers at the end of the 16th century was probably related to changes in the rules for preparing the state budget, which manifested itself in calculating lump-sum taxes or leasing out their collection. In place of planning the future budget, the treasury administration began to concentrate mainly on satisfying current state requirements and paying tax arrears.
Źródło:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2013, 73
0080-3634
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grody „plemienne” i „wczesnopaństwowe” na Mazowszu (IX–XI w.). Stan badań, problematyka i możliwości interpretacji
„Tribal” and “early State” strongholds in Mazovia (9th–11th c.). State of the art, research questions and interpretive possibilities
Autorzy:
Trzeciecki, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
strongholds
Mazovia
Early Middle Ages
state of the art
grody
Mazowsze
wczesne średniowiecze
stan badań
Opis:
The following text is dedicated to early medieval strongholds built in Mazovia between the end of the 9th and the end of the 11th c. At least 39 sites can be dated to that period, among them 14 were built in the so-called “tribal” period, while the other ones are associated with the early Piast state structures. One should emphasize the small number of “tribal” strong¬holds and their concentration to the north of the middle Vistula river. The standardized form of the oldest fortifications refers directly to the so-called Tornow type. Apparently, the first strongholds associated with the expansion of the early Piast state appeared at the end of the 10th c. in the western Mazovia and the main building activity was limited to that area until the end of the 11th c. Noteworthy, at least up to the mid-11th c. both “tribal” and early-state strongholds existed near to each other.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2018, 2 (17); 42-67
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noże wolutowe – o funkcji I pochodzeniu zagadkowych przedmiotów w kulturze słowiańskiej
Spiral knives: about the function and the origin of mysterious objects in the slavic culture
Autorzy:
Pawlicki, Jakub Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1886780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
knives with spiral handles
the early Middle Ages
cult objects
nomads
pre-state period
material culture
Opis:
The text presents spiral knives, objects of clearly exceptional nature. The data, the map and table included here are meant to update information on the subject after 32 years. Identification of the specific regional groups and a metric analysis of the historical objects highlight the differences between the groups. The text also touches upon objects which are morphologically close to the spiral knives used by nomadic communities. A critical look at the theories in literature on the subject allowed to limit the functions to two, possibly mutually complementary.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2021, 62; 71-106
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Już bezprawie czy jeszcze prawo? O główszczyźnie i wróżdzie w Prusach Książęcych i Prusach Królewskich w czasach nowożytnych
Lawless or still lawful? About wergild (man-price) and vendetta in the Duchy of Prussia and Royal Prussia in the early modern times
Autorzy:
Białuński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
early modern criminal law
Chełmo law
the General State Laws for the Prussian States
the judicial system of early modern Warmia (Ermland)
bloody retaliation
Opis:
The wergild as a financial punishment for husband killing survived in Prussia until the mid-18th century, but the general rule was that the perpetrators of husband killing were sentenced to death. The reason why the wergild survived for such a long time in Prussia was the fact that courts applied the Chelmno law, according to which the wergild was recognized by tradition and also found in subsequent registers of the Chelmno law. At the beginning of the early modern period the wergild could apply only in case of assassinations committed in self-defense or by accident; deliberate crimes were subject to the law of retaliation. Yet, the law of retaliation could not be applied in relation to groups. With time the wergild could not be used out of court and the law of retaliation was abolished. The next step restricting the use of the wergild was the fact that it was to be applied in case of unintentional or accidental homicides; moreover, in case of killing in self-defence the perpetrator was exempt from the wergild. It was the court that passed a sentence of the wergild, but in cases of reconciliation the sentence was passed by other arbitration bodies. The wergild was allowed mainly among noblemen, which was in accordance with the Polish law of the time. The circle of people entitled to the wergild was reduced to the closest agnate, while in case of husband killing it applied only to the perpetrator. The wergild was no longer shared with the authorities; it was only the judge who received the fee referred to as multa. The value of the wergild was determined by the rank of the office held by the assassinated person. Moreover, the wergild constituted a kind of financial unit used to establish the value of fines and compensatory damages. Apart from the compensation in the form of financial gratification, the wergild constituted the indemnification for physical injury or damage to honour. The latter could also entail some additional punishment e.g. the act of submission. Until the mid-17th century the tradition of bloody retaliation (vendetta) was practiced at least among the nobility. It was illegal and punished by death sentence. Its alternative continued to be the possibility of settlement. The retaliation was limited only to the perpetrator of the homicide.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 47-63
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Norms and Legal Practice of Patriarchalism according to James II’s Advices to His Son (1692)
Autorzy:
Balázs, Rigó,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Sir Robert Filmer
James II
William of Orange
pariarchalism
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
early modern political thought
early modern theory of the state
Jakub II
Wilhelm Orański
patriarchalizm
rewolucja angielska
Chwalebna rewolucja
wczesnonowożytna myśl polityczna
wczesnonowożytna teoria państwa
Opis:
James II inherited the throne from his elder brother Charles only because there was not any male heir. Even the Parliament wanted to exclude him from succession, that was the exclusion crisis of 1679-1681. The Tory propaganda published Sir Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha to argue for the primogeniture principle, i.e. for the James’s title to the throne. That work introduced patriarchalism in which overlap the concepts of family and society and the authority of a father and the monarch. Therefore the monarch as the father of the nation ruled over the society that was considered to be a great family. He demanded unconditional obedience from the society just as the father demands it from the members of his family. Since Sir Robert Filmer’s name was connected to James’s right to the throne and to the conservative royalist Tory propaganda, my incentive was to examine whether James himself applied patriarchalism and the Filmer’s concepts in his political writings. This is the law (norms) in books if we apply the terms of the law in effect to the past. However, the aim of this article is to compare these norms with the practice found in the James’s declarations, proclamations, and deeds. The result of this comparison would be the law in action. Thus, the aim of this comparison is to reveal patriarchalism in James’s writings and after that to examine whether any characteristics of it can be found in his deeds and decrees of his administration. I mean especially three deeds: his coronation, the cure of the King’s evil (scrofula), and the practice of giving mercy to victims. Among the decrees I mean particularly the decrees issued during putting out the revolts against his reign. In the first two cases he was successful, however, he lost the throne to William of Orange and was expelled from it.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 319-334
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A mystic’s utopian dream of Christian Rome. The Political Theology of Origen
Utopijny sen mistyka o chrześcijańskim Rzymie. Teologia polityczna Orygenesa
Autorzy:
Duda, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/612525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Orygenes
teologia patrystyczna
Kościół starożytny
polityka
państwo chrześcijańskie
Origen
patristic theology
early Church
policy
Christian state
Opis:
Orygenes z Aleksandrii († 253), jeden z najwybitniejszych pisarzy wczesnochrześcijańskich, w apologii Contra Celsum podjął rozważania nad teologiczną wizją państwa. Dominuje w niej idea afirmacji oraz wola współpracy dla wspólnego dobra. W myśl nauczania biblijnego Adamantios podkreśla Boskie pochodzenie władzy, której należy się szacunek i lojalność. W przypadku jednak nadużycia kompetencji państwa w kwestii sumienia i wyznania obywateli, chrześcijanin winien bardziej słuchać Boga. Religia domaga się wolności i uszanowania jej zasad. Chrześcijaństwo nie tylko nie przeciwstawia się w swojej doktrynie założeniom państwa i jego celom, lecz może mu służyć na wielu płaszczyznach. Państwo pełniąc rolę służebną względem obywateli, do których należą chrześcijanie, szanując ich zasady życia, zyska przez to Boże błogosławieństwo, jak również najlepszych i najwartościowszych obywateli. Ideałem, który kreśli Orygenes, byłoby zbudowanie instytucji państwa na wartościach Chrystusowych, z chrześcijańskim władcą na czele. Świat rzymski, a szczególnie jego elity, muszą zrozumieć, iż chrześcijaństwo, które ciągle jest jeszcze w ogromnej mniejszości, jest pragmatycznie potrzebne Imperium, a Imperium chrześcijaństwu. Rzym, jeśli chce ocaleć i zwyciężyć swoich wrogów, winien stać się chrześcijański. Kościół, według Scholarchy z Aleksandrii, może być źródłem scalenia i unifikacji społeczeństwa, co zawsze stanowi podstawę siły i trwałości państwa. W tym miejscu historii myśl taka była jedynie teoretycznym marzeniem. Jednak w niedługim czasie cesarz Konstantyn, który przejdzie do historii z przydomkiem Wielki, podejmie próbę urzeczywistnienia tego ideału.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2014, 61; 179-194
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prisoners of War in Early Medieval Bulgaria (Preliminary Remarks)
Autorzy:
Hristov, Yanko M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
prisoners of war
captives
the First Bulgarian state
Byzantine-Bulgarian relationships
early medieval history
peace/war studies
Opis:
The work is concentrated on the problem of war prisoners in the chronological period of the existance of the so-called First Bulgarian state. The analysis is based predominantly on various Byzantine and selected Latin and Bulgarian sources from the epoch. With some exceptions, mostly for 707/708, 754/755, 763/764 and 774, the notices are concentrated around the events of 811–815/816, 837/838; 894–896, 917–30s and for a moment or two from the period of 971–1018. In his preliminary remarks the author comes to the conclusion that in the Early Middle Ages prisoners of war (in the broadest medieval sense) were an integral part of the efforts to achieve the political objectives of the Bulgarian rulers. Response mechanisms against prisoners of war were highly dependent on the course of the conflict and their attitude towards their own warriors and subjects caught up in enemy hands. They included a wide range of solutions, which could be grouped into three main areas: the first one refers to killing (and/or mutilation) of war prisoners; the second main line was connected with preserving the lives of the captives; the third group of measures was due to the fact that an immediate effect is not always haunted.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2015, 5; 73-105
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Humeral torsion in multituberculate mammals
Autorzy:
Kielan-Jaworowska, Z
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22733.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Early Cretaceous
mammal skull
Eocene
mammal
Mongolia
humerus
Late Jurassic
small mammal
paleontology
multituberculate mammal
fossil state
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 1998, 43, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Aspects of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education in the Slovak Republic during the Period of Transformation of the Slovak Education System
Autorzy:
Kovalčíková, Iveta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Educational reform
early childhood education in SR
primary education in SR
state educational programme
school educational programme.
Opis:
The aim of this contribution is to assess selected aspects of the development of early childhood education and primary education in the Slovak Republic (SR) during the last twenty years in the context of the process of the transformation of the Slovak education system. Our aim is to emphasise: 1. The formation of a legislative framework for education reforms in SR; and 2. the development of a curriculum for early childhood and primary education. The contribution outlines various mechanisms for curricular transformation which are dependent on mutual configurations and the characteristic components of this difficult process. In the contribution we name the basic factors determining the conditions for the preparation, the implementation process and the assessment of results of education reform in early childhood and primary education. At the end of the article we offer suggestions which we feel could lead to the successful modification or further implementation of education reform in the Slovak Republic.
Źródło:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education; 2012, 1; 81-106
2084-7998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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