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Tytuł:
Wprowadzenie do problemu ubóstwa w ujęciu Amartyi Kumara Sena. Wymiar etyczny
Introduction to the Problem of Poverty by Amartya Kumar Sen. The Ethical Dimension
Autorzy:
Szymczak, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
poverty
development
Amartya Sen
A13
B31
I31
Opis:
On the threshold of the 21st century the problem of poverty has not been dealt with yet. The world constantly suffers hunger, and many people have no access to running water or education. This raises fundamental question, which have bothered economy researchers for centuries: What determines the wealth of some countries, and the poverty of others? One of the contemporary researchers analysing the causes of poverty and development barriers is Indian economist Amartya Sen. Referring to the socio-economic theory of Sen, the author indicates that modernity implies the need for reflection on the definition of poverty. The author attempts to justify the thesis which focuses on the dissonance between the evaluation concepts of good and evil with objective economic factors which define poverty. The author claims that the definition of poverty should be grounded in considerations concerning good and evil in a specific time, as well as cultural and historical context.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 3
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
John Bloch’s The Future of War Pacifism Based on Economics
Autorzy:
Pieczewski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
World War I
pacifism
economics
B31
N43
Opis:
John Bloch (1839–1902) was a railroad tycoon, banker, social activist, philanthropist and man of science. He was shortlisted for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902 for his multi-volume work entitled The Future of War in its Technical, Economic and Political Relations, which was dubbed ‘the bible of pacifism.’ Thanks to his multilayered activities he perfectly fits the positivist ideals of his time. Despite this, due to the course of history and ‘unfavourable circumstances’ for featuring his figure, for decades he was largely forgotten.The goal of this article is to present Jon Bloch and his works in the fields of entrepreneurship, science and most of all his attempts in aid of peace. I will present his major pacifist hypotheses and arguments which are included in his work The Future of War. The author substituted the usual religious and humanitarian arguments in aid of peace, with economic assertions. Published in many languages, the book became essential reading for the intellectuals and politicians at the break of 20th c., while Bloch gained the nickname of ‘the father of contemporary pacifism.’ In order to verify the legitimacy of this claim I will contrast Bloch’s work to a work entitled The Great Illusion, by Norman Angell. Published in 1909, eleven years after the first publication of The Future of War, Angell’s The Great Illusion is wellknown to the Anglo-Saxon readership.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 4
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The evaluation of topography Borrelia burgdorferi by atomic force microscope (AFM)
Autorzy:
Tokarska-Rodak, M.
Kozioł-Montewka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
Borrelia burgdorferi s.s B31
AFM
spirochetes’ cells
Opis:
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the topography of spirochetes’ cells Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. B31 in atomic force microscope (AFM). Results: The length of spirochetes B. burgdorferi has ranged between 15.38-22.68μm. The cells of spirochetes do not constitute structures of a fixed diameter and height. Thus, in order to identify real parameters of cells, the horizontal distance and vertical distance have been used in the measurements. The average value of a spirochetes’ diameter has been estimated by taking series of measures and it is 0.40 μm. The average value of a spirochetes’ height has been estimated by taking series of measures and it is 70.14 nm. The analysis of a relation between measured parameters of spirochetes: diameter and height revealed that along with the growth of diameter of a bacteria cell, its height also grows. The average value of a fibers’ diameter has been estimated by taking series of measurements and it is 0.09 μm and the average height of fibers was 7.91 nm. Conclusions: The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a modern tool with a broad spectrum of observatory and measure abilities and is a technique which has been used in biology and microbiology to investigate the topography of surface and in the evaluation properties of cells.
Źródło:
Health Problems of Civilization; 2015, 09, 3; 12-15
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:
Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tony’ego Blaira koncepcja socjalizmu etycznego
Tony Blair’s Ethical Socialism Concept
Autorzy:
Płachciak, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
'third way'
social democracy
equal chances
social justice
freedom
well-being
B31
H11
P48
Opis:
One of the main concerns of Tony Blair’s policy and his New Labour Party agenda was focused on the values which always played a fundamental role within the British labour tradition. According to Blair, the policy is a matter of values, among which he points to social justice, international solidarity, democracy and freedom. All of them have always sketched the moral stricture of the traditional program of social democracy. The list of those values he completes with the following new ones: a civil society, equal value of all people, equal chances, patriotism and well-being. Blair’s political project, called the third way, was planned to bring about the country’s modernization in the face of rapid global changes. The basic purpose of the article is to present the place of the value system within the program of the British New Labour Party. New Labour axiology was supposed to play a fundamental role not only within the concept of society, but also infiltrate all spheres of political and economical life.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2014, 17, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Atomic Properties of the Two-Electron System using Variational Monte Carlo Technique
Autorzy:
Doma, S.
El-Gammal, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1419666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
02.70.-c
31.15.-p
31.15.B-
Opis:
Using variational Monte Carlo method we calculated the lowest order relativistic corrections for the ground state energies of the helium-like atoms, up to Z = 10, and also for some excited state energies of the helium atom. These relativistic corrections include: mass-velocity effect, orbit-orbit interaction, spin magnetic and dipole moments of the two electrons and the Darwin effect. Moreover, correction due to the nucleus motion has been also calculated. Our results were obtained by using two new types of compact and accurate trial wave functions for the helium ions. For excited states we used simple trial wave functions of good quality and accurate results. The obtained results are in good agreement with the most recent previous accurate values and also with the exact values.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 122, 1; 42-48
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Friction Stir Welding of thin Sheets of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B
Autorzy:
Myśliwiec, P.
Śliwa, R. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FSW welding
magnesium alloys AZ31B
thin sheet
joining of metal sheets
Opis:
Friction stir welding developed in early 90’s is a refreshing approach to the joining of different kinds of metals. FSW has become increasingly popular and provides excellent alternative to conventional welding or riveting sheets of various metals. The paper present the results of research work on linear FSW joining magnesium alloys AZ31B of 0.5 mm in thickness. The study was conducted on properly adapted numerical controlled 3 axis milling machine using a own made tools and fastening device. The tool dimensions have been estimated in accordance with the algorithm shown in the literature [2]. All joints were made of end-to end (butt) configuration under different process parameters. The effect of selected technological parameters on the quality of the joint was analyzed. Produced butt joint have been subjected to a static tensile testing to identify mechanical features of the materials of joints compared to parent materials. Measurements of micro hardness HV in the plastically formed stir zone of joint and in the parent material have been carried out. Axial and radial welding forces in the joining region were recorded during the tests and their dependency from the welding parameters was studied . Based on results of strength tests the efficiency of joints for sheets of 0.5 mm in thicknesses oscillated up to 90% compared to the parent material. It has been found that for given parameters the correct, free of defects joints were obtained. The results suggests that FSW can be potentially applied to magnesium alloys.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 45-54
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Electron Temperature on Incompressible Strips in Quantum Hall Regime
Autorzy:
Boz Yurdaşan, N.
Siddiki, A.
Sökmen, İ.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
73.43.-f
73.43.Cd
44.30.+v
31.15.B-
Opis:
We used a theory of thermo-hydrodynamics in quantum Hall system observed on a two-dimensional system in high magnetic fields at low temperatures, to investigate the electron temperature in the linear response regime. The variation of electron temperature exhibits an antisymmetric distribution of the incompressible strips. According to this result, we obtain effects of the electron temperature on the current density distribution using a Thomas-Fermi-Poisson approximation. We observe that incompressible strips change with increasing and/or decreasing the electron temperature with regard to the lattice temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 123, 2; 314-316
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of High Efficiency Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Potassium Vapor
Autorzy:
Gozzini, S.
Slavov, D.
Cartaleva, S.
Marmugi, L.
Lucchesini, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
33.57.+c
31.15.B
32.80.Xx
32.50.+d
32.60.+i
Opis:
We present a rate-equation theoretical model describing the optical pumping processes on the K $D_{1}$ line and we then discuss their influence on the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance parameters. We present also a comparison with the results of an experiment performed in cells containing pure alkali metal or added with a few torrs of buffer gas. The model shows that, in the last case, the complete Maxwellisation of the atomic population velocity distribution, along with the overlapping Doppler profiles of the transitions from the ground-states typical of K, leads to a partial compensation of optical pumping and a significant increase of the amplitude of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonances.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 4; 489-491
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigating the FSW parameter’s role on microstructure and mechanical properties of welding AZ31B–AA8110 alloy
Autorzy:
Dharmalingam, S.
Lenin, K.
Srinivasan, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
AA8011–AZ31B alloy
FSW
friction stir welding
ANN-GA
artificial neural network based genetic algorithm
mechanical properties
stop AA8011–AZ31B
właściwości mechaniczne
zgrzewanie tarciowe z mieszaniem materiału zgorzeliny
algorytm genetyczny
sztuczna sieć neuronowa
Opis:
The influence of friction stir welding (FSW) in automotive applications is significantly high in recent days as it can boast beneficial factors such as less distortion, minimized residual stresses and enhanced mechanical properties. Since there is no emission of harmful gases, it is regarded as a green technology, which has an energy efficient clean environmental solid-state welding process. In this research work, the FSW technique is employed to weld the AA8011–AZ31B alloy. In addition, the L16 orthogonal array is employed to conduct the experiments. The influences of parameters on the factors such as microstructure, hardness and tensile strength are determined. Microstructure images have shown tunnel formation at low rotational speed and vortex occurrence at high rotational speed. To attain high quality welding, the process parameters are optimized by using a hybrid method called an artificial neural network based genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The confirmation tests are carried out under optimal welding conditions. The results obtained are highly reliable, which exhibits the optimal features of the hybrid method.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 1; e140098, 1--7
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Κόλασις w literaturze helleńskiej: od Tukidydesa do Pseudo-Timajosa
The κόλασις in Hellenic Literature: From Thucydides to Pseudo-Timaeus
Autorzy:
Osek, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-27
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
semantyka
literatura helleńska
okres klasyczny (510-323 p.n.e.)
okres hellenistyczny (323-31 p.n.e.)
κόλασις (kolasis)
semantics
ancient Greek literature
Classic period (510-323 B.C.)
Hellenistic period (323-31 B.C.)
Opis:
Tematem artykułu jest analiza semantyczna greckiego rzeczownika odsłownego κόλασις w literaturze helleńskiej od jej początków do czasów powstawania Nowego Testamentu. Cześć pierwsza artykułu przedstawia definicje słownikowe i etymologię κόλασις. Część druga analizuje znaczenie κόλασις w okresie klasycznym. Część trzecia omawia sens terminu w okresie hellenistycznym. Część czwarta zawiera konkluzję podsumowującą wszystkie analizowane wystąpienia i klasyfikującą znaczenia wyrazu. Analiza semantyczna użycia κόλασις w prozie helleńskiej okresów klasycznego i hellenistycznego pozwala na wyodrębnienie tuzina jego znaczeń. Są one następujące: sankcje polityczno-gospodarcze; okrzesywanie drzewa; represje; kary lub nagrody, które motywują ludzi; dyscyplinowanie, wychowanie; ukaranie przez prawo; kara naprawcza, tj. chłosta, grzywna, utrata przywilejów; kara odstraszająca, tj. banicja, decymacja, egzekucja; zemsta, odwet, tj. tortury, głodzenie; kara doczesna; kara eschatologiczna; kara boska. Na 140 wystąpień zaledwie osiem pozycji odnosi się do kar eschatologicznych, z czego dwa (odnotowane u Klearcha z Soloj i Diodora Sycylijskiego) oznaczają karę boską, która potencjalnie może być wieczna.
A subject of this paper is the semantic analysis of the Greek verbal noun κόλασις in Hellenic literature from its beginning to the composition of the New Testament. Part one of the article presents the lexicographical definitions and etymology of the κόλασις. Part two is to analyze the semantics of the word in classical period. Part three discusses meaning of the term in Hellenistic period. Part four contains a conclusion to summarize all analyzed occurrences and to classify meanings of the word. The semantic analysis of the κόλασις usage in the Hellenic prose of Classical and Hellenistic periods enables us to specify its dozen meanings. These are following: political and economic sanctions; lopping a tree; repression; punishments or rewords that motivate people; disciplining, upbringing; legal punishment; reformative punishment, such as flogging, fining, dishonoring; deterrence, such as banishment, decimation, capital punishment; revenge, reprisal, such as torturing, starving; earthly punishment; eschatological punishment; divine retribution. Among 140 occurrences there are only eight items that refer to eschatological punishments, of which two (observed in Clearchus of Soloi and Diodorus Siculus) denote the divine retribution which potentially can be eternal.
Źródło:
Verbum Vitae; 2019, 36; 335-372
1644-8561
2451-280X
Pojawia się w:
Verbum Vitae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theoretical Study of Energy Levels and Transition Probabilities of Boron Atom
Autorzy:
Tian-yi, Zhang
Neng-wu, Zheng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
01.55.+b
31.15.-p
Opis:
Though the electrons configuration for boron atom is simple and boron atom has long been of interest for many researchers, the theoretical studies for properties of BI are not systematic, there are only few results reported on energy levels of high excited states of boron, and transition measurements are generally restricted to transitions involving ground states and low excited states without considering fine structure effects, provided only multiplet results, values for transitions between high excited states are seldom performed. In this article, by using the scheme of the weakest bound electron potential model theory calculations for energy levels of five series are performed and with the same method we give the transition probabilities between excited states with considering fine structure effects. The comprehensive set of calculations attempted in this paper could be of some value to workers in the field because of the lack of published calculations for the BI systems. The perturbations coming from foreign perturbers are taken into account in studying the energy levels. Good agreement between our results and the accepted values taken from NIST has been obtained. We also reported some values of energy levels and transition probabilities not existing on the NIST data bases.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 2; 141-153
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calculations of Energy Levels Using the Weakest Bound Electron Potential Model Theory
Autorzy:
Zhang, T.
Zheng, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1808081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
01.55.+b
31.15.-p
Opis:
In this paper, we introduce a new method for calculation of energy levels in detail and give our results for several iso-spectrum-level series as examples: [He] 2s2p $\text{}^{1}P_{1}$, [He] 2s2p $\text{}^{3}P_{0}$, [He] 2s2p $\text{}^{3}P_{2}$, and [He] 2s3s $\text{}^{3}S_{1}$ series of Be-like sequence; [Ne] $\text{}3s^{2}3d$ $\text{}^{2}D_{3//2}$ series and [Ne] $3s^{2}3d$ $\text{}^{2}D_{5//2}$ series of Al-like sequences; [Ne] 4p $\text{}^{2}P_{1//2}$ series, [Ne] 5d $\text{}^{2}D_{5//2}$ series, and [Ne] 6f $\text{}^{2}F_{7//2}$ series of Na-like sequences. In the method I(Z)=$T_\text{lim} (Z)-T(Z,n)$, where I(Z), $T_\text{lim}(Z)$, and T(Z,n) denote ionization potential, series limit, and energy level of a given member, respectively. The expression of non-relativistic part of I(Z) is derived from weakest bound election potential model theory and relativistic effects of I(Z) are included by using a six-order polynomial in Z. Our results are compared with the experimental data and with those obtained by other theoretical method.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 115, 3; 629-635
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Spin-Orbit Interaction on Band Structure and Elastic Properties of PbTe
Autorzy:
Radzyński, T.
Łusakowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
31.15.A-
31.15.aj
71.20.-b
87.19.rd
Opis:
Inclusion of spin-orbit interaction in density functional theory calculations of PbTe band structure leads to wrong results concerning the symmetry of valence and conduction band wave functions. Using two ab initio codes: OpenMX and Quantum Espresso we show that changing the spin-orbit coupling strength in pseudopotentials for Pb it is possible to obtain proper energy gap and wave functions of proper symmetries.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 5; 954-955
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental and Computational Vibration Study of Amino Acids
Autorzy:
Mohammed, M. E.
Mohamed, A. M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412478.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Vibrational studies
Amino Acids
semi-empirical methods (PM6 and RM1)
ab initio methods (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)
Opis:
Vibrational studies of amino acids experimentally and theoretically have been performed. The Semi-empirical methods optimization by PM6 and RM1 on the l- and d-amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, aspartic and glutamic acid), showed no difference in energy between l-and d-isomers. The vibrational frequencies were calculated by semi-emprical methods (PM6 and RM1) and ab initio methods (B3LYP/6-31+G(d) and were scaled down by factors of 0.925 (RM1), 1.09 (PM6) and 0.89 (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)). The calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies have shown good general agreement.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 10, 1; 1-17
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Semiempirical Method for Finding Thermal Characteristics of Simple Crystals
Autorzy:
Scharoch, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
65.40.-b
64.10.+h
31.15.Ar
Opis:
A method for ab initio (using density functional theory) study of thermal properties of crystalline solids, based on the quasiharmonic approximation, is briefly summarized. On that basis the semiempirical method is proposed which combines the ab initio calculation of the static total energy with the Einstein model of crystal vibration. The Murnaghan equation of states is used as an analytical model for the static total energy. An exponential form of the phonon energy versus volume dependence is introduced which was proved to perform very well. Two parameters appearing in the model are found by fitting to easily available experimental data (tabular or measured). The method then provides thermodynamic characteristics in a large range of temperatures and pressures. On the other hand, the corrections due to the zero-point vibration are provided to some first principles results, like lattice parameters or bulk modulus. An interesting outcome of the model is the pressure dependence of the overheating temperature, for relatively low pressures. Tests performed on the example of fcc aluminum show remarkably good agreement of the results with experimental data. Therefore the method offers a handy tool for fast analysis of thermodynamics of simple crystalline systems, omitting the first principles evaluation of the phonon energies.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 106, 4; 487-495
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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