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Tytuł:
Subsydiowanie produktów energetycznych
Subsidies in the Field of Energy
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny
Tematy:
subsydia środowiskowe
zielone subsydia
WTO
environmental subsidies
green subsidies
Opis:
Organizacje międzynarodowe, jak MFW, Bank Światowy i OECD, dokonują od wielu lat szacunków ska-li subsydiowania różnych produktów energetycznych. Głównym celem tego jest przekonanie producentów, konsumentów i polityków do zmniejszenia konsumpcji energii węglowodorowej i do redukcji szkodliwych emisji gazów cieplarnianych do atmosfery – w efekcie do spowolnienia zjawiska ocieplania klimatu. Przez subsydia rozumie się różne środki pozwalające utrzymać ceny dla konsumentów poniżej i dla producentów powyżej cen rynkowych lub obniżyć koszty dla konsumentów lub producentów. Stosowane metodologie prowadzą jednak do bardzo zróżnicowanych wyników. Według MFW łączne subsydia przed opodatkowa-niem wynoszą 0,7% światowego PKB, a subsydia po opodatkowaniu – 2,9% PKB. Dotowane są jednak nie tylko surowce węglowodorowe. Według opublikowanych raportów surowce od-nawialne i biopaliwa są wspierane ze środków publicznych nawet w większym stopniu, niż paliwa węglo-wodorowe. Argumentem uzasadniającym subsydiowanie jest pozytywny ich wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy, redukcję ubóstwa i cele społeczne. Zielone subsydia są stosowane do promowania produkcji czystych rodzajów energii, ograniczenia zuży-cia paliw węglowodorowych i spowolnienia ocieplania klimatu. Mogą one jednak naruszać zasady handlu międzynarodowego i być przedmiotem sporów na forum WTO.
International organisations such as the IMF, World Bank, and OECD have been estimating the scope and magnitude of energy subsidies. The main aim of this exercise is to convince producers, consumers, and poli-cymakers to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to lower damaging emissions of greenhouse gas to the at-mosphere and, consequently, to slow down global climate warming. Subsidies are meant as any measure that keeps prices for consumers below, or for producers above market levels, or that reduces costs for both con-sumers and producers. As the methodology differs, results of estimates highly differentiate. According to the IMF estimates, global pre-tax subsidies account for 0.7% of global GDP, while post-tax subsidies to 2.9% of global GDP. It appears that not only fossil fuels are subsidised. According to the published studies, also renewable en-ergy resources and biofuels are publicly supported at even higher rates than fossil fuels. Arguments put for-ward to justify energy subsidies are their contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction. Social dimension is also underlined. Green subsidies are used for promoting clean energy production, eliminating fossil fuels and decelerating climate change. However, green subsidies may breach multilateral trade disciplines and be challenged by trade partners through the dispute settlement system of WTO.
Źródło:
Unia Europejska.pl; 2015, 6; 34-45
2084-2694
Pojawia się w:
Unia Europejska.pl
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wypłacanie subwencji na działalność statutową w sytuacji podziału partii politycznej
Payment of subsidies for statutory activities when a political party splits
Autorzy:
Czarny, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
political party
subsidies
Opis:
In a situation when a political party divides into two (or more) formally „new” parties, the law does not provide for the division of subsidies from the state budget for statutory activities of the party. It s not acceptable for the new parties to receive subsidies granted to the predecessing party. In a situation of „separation” from the existing political party, the earlier existing party remains a subject of rights and obligations of a financial nature, including the right to receive subsidies for its statutory activity. If a political party is divided and dissolved, the subsidy is paid until the end of the month in which the party decides to „dissolve itself”.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 4(64); 69-75
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia w sprawie zgodności z prawem projektu ustawy budżetowej na rok 2013 w zakresie części oświatowej subwencji ogólnej dla jednostek samorządu terytorialnego – część 82 budżetu państwa
Opinion on the conformity with law of a draft Budget Act for 2013 in relation to educational part of general subsidies for local self‑government units – part 82 of the State budget (Opinion prepared on November 5, 2012 on the request of the Bureau of Research of the Chancellery of the Sejm)
Autorzy:
Augustyniak‑Górna, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11543561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
budget
subsidies
education
public finance
educational part of general subsidies
Opis:
The author presents an analysis of the method of calculation of the amount of money appropriated for educational part of general subsidies in the draft Budget Act for 2013, in the context of Article 28 (1) of the Act on Revenues of Local Self‑government Units. In her view, that method is consistent with the above mentioned provision. She also argues that, even if the amount declared to the Tripartite Committee on Social and Economic Affairs, this cannot be considered as an important defect, so it would provide an independent basis for declaration of inconsistency of the statute with Polish Constitution.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 1(37); 184-188
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dostosowanie dochodów do zadań samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce. Praktyka i rekomendacje
Adjusting revenues to local government tasks in Poland. Practice and recommendations
Autorzy:
Malinowska-Misiąg, Elżbieta
Misiąg, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
local government in Poland
own revenues
fiscal equalization
general subsidies
targeted subsidies
Opis:
The article deals with the problem of adjusting the revenues of Polish local government units (LGUs) to their tasks. The problem was analysed both from the point of view of the possibility of increasing LGU revenues and designing an effective system of fiscal equalization. The authors discussed the external factors which limit the possibilities of introducing such a desirable system. Next, based on the presented analysis, they drew conclusions regarding the necessary revision of the existing scheme. The article concludes with specific recommendations for a new system of financing LGUs, assuming, in particular, far-reaching changes in the algorithms for determining and dividing general subsidies, as well as a fundamental reduction in the scope of the so-called commissioned tasks.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2021, 1(65); 21-41
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomoc państwa w zakresie dożywiania dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce
State aid for children and youth in terms of feeding in Poland
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
government program
feeding
food subsidies
Opis:
The growing problem of malnutrition has been observed in Poland for many years. This has been a growing problem in Poland. This phenomenon has been more widely observed together with progressive economic system transformation processes. Currently, about 2 million people live in extreme poverty, and 5 million are struggling with difficult living conditions. Economic poverty risk more often affects young people including children, than the elderly. There were 162 thousand of students covered by meals, i.e. 7,4% of all, 11% of children in need received no feeding, because of shortages of funds. The aim of the paper is to present a government program for feeding the population, including children and young people in Poland as well as present the results of this assistance. The article will use data of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy on outreach programs, as well as data obtained from publications of the CSO.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2015, 13 (19); 43-55
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat stosowania przepisów prawa dotyczących możliwości finansowania z budżetów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (województwa) kosztów działalności zarządcy infrastruktury kolejowej, o których mowa w art. 38b ust. 4 ustawy z 28 marca 2003 r. o transporcie kolejowym
Opinion on the application of law in relation to the possibility of funding the operating costs of the railway infrastructure manager, referred to in Article 38b. para. 4 of the Act of 28 March 2003 on Railway Transport from the budgets of local government units (province) (BAS-WAL-1831-1815)
Autorzy:
Korolewska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6567764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
budget
local government
subsidies
railway transport
Opis:
Under the Act on Public Finances, earmarked subsidies from the budget of the local government unit may be provided for the purpose of financing current operations of the statutorily designated entity. There is no explicit statutory wording in the Act on Railway Transport, however, which may raise doubts as to the existence of the legal basis for the transfer of subsidy from the budget of the province to managers of the railway infrastructure, including railway lines with a range of urban, suburban or regional level. It is also difficult to find a reason to apply the practice of using an earmarked subsidy from the province budget to fund the operation of manager which cannot be financed from fees for the use of railway infrastructure.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 3(47); 234-241
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia polityczna reform Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej
The Political Economics of the Common Agricultural Policy Reform
Autorzy:
Wilkin, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-02-28
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
political economics
CAP
EU
agricultural subsidies
Opis:
The paper describes the evolution of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy from the perspective of political economics. This important EU policy is analyzed in the context of political and social mechanisms, policy objectives and instruments, as well as the division of benefits. The paper shows that there are growing differences between individual EU member states in agricultural policy objectives, instruments and the amount of funds available. The author focuses on the latest attempts to reform CAP and highlights the need to reorient the policy to improve the competitiveness of European agriculture and pursue other priorities important for EU citizens.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 229, 1-2; 1-25
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innowacje w usługach elektronicznych
INNOVATIONS IN ELECTRONIC SERVICES
Autorzy:
Wach, Dagmara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Ekonomiczny
Tematy:
electronic service
internet projects
EU subsidies
Opis:
Existence in electronic business has become increasingly difficult. High competition and considerable financial resources needed to enter electronic market are the problems of most micro and small sized enterprises, starting or developing their business. Nevertheless, there is a market niche for them, which can ensure success and grant partial financing of the business. This niche is small web projects, providing the customer with personalized service, hitting his tastes and meeting immediate needs. Projects that large websites are unable to perform. Financial sourcing of those projects comes from EU subsidies, in the framework of the Działanie 8.1. PO IG, 2007-2013.
Źródło:
Współczesna Gospodarka; 2011, 2, 2; 1-8
2082-677X
Pojawia się w:
Współczesna Gospodarka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat utraty przez partie polityczne prawa do otrzymywania subwencji z budżetu państwa w myśl art. 38d ustawy z 27 czerwca 1997 r. o partiach politycznych
Legal opinion on the deprivation of political parties of their right to receive subsidies from the state budget pursuant to Article 38d of the Act of 27 June 1997 on Political Parties (BAS-WAUiP-140/15)
Autorzy:
Kubuj, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
term of office
political party
subsidies
Opis:
The opinion emphasizes that the sanction of deprivation of the right to receive subsidies by political parties constitute an ailment resulting from the violation of legal standards concerning financial reporting of a political party for a calendar year. The Act on Political Parties provides for the possibility of different interpretations of Article 38d governing the reception of subsidies from the state budget by political parties. However, the author claims that a three-year period after which a political party loses the right to receive subsidies, runs irrespective of the termination or shortening of the term of the Sejm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 86-93
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subwencja i dotacje z budżetu państwa – funkcje, zasady przyznawania oraz rola w tworzeniu dochodów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce
Unconditional and conditional grants from the central budget – functions, transfer rules and role in generating revenues of local and regional government units in Poland
Autorzy:
Śmiechowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
subsidies
specific grants
unconditional and conditional grants
transfer revenues of local and regional government units
functions of subsidies and specific grants
Opis:
The article focuses on the functions, types, transfer rules and principles of granting of subsidies and specific grants from the state budget to local government units in Poland, however, it also contains international references. The author indicates the key issue related to the use of transfer revenues in financing local government units. Special attention is given to the analysis and assessment of importance and the change in the share of transfer revenues for municipalities, cities with powiat status, powiats and voivodeships for creating their budgetary revenues in 2010–2020. The research was based on data obtained from the database of Statistics Poland.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2021, 4(68); 41-66
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przeobrażenia rolnictwa polskiego w latach 2003-2013
Transformations of Polish agriculture in the years 2003-2013
Autorzy:
Kapusta, Franciszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
agriculture
Common Agricultural Policy
support
subsidies
productivity
self-sufficiency
Opis:
It has been 10 years of Polish membership in the European Union, and the acquisition of Polish agriculture rules of the Common Agricultural Policy. Such an anniversary induces us to reflect on the changes taking place in agriculture. The aim of the study was to: a) show the amount of funds paid to farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy and the sources of their origin, b) the presentation of changes in agriculture in terms of: inputs, crop area and production of major crops in total and per capita, livestock farming and the production of major animal products in total and per capita, productivity (land, labor and fixed assets), marketability and profitability (land and labor), self-sufficiency in the production and consumption: basic cereals, potatoes, cow’s milk, hen eggs, and meat and offal. As the base period for comparison one adopted the years 2001-2003, i.e. three years before the Polish accession to the European Union, and the last period is 2011-2013, due to the availability of validated statistical data. In agriculture, there are variations in the cultivation of various crops, animal husbandry and productivity of plants and animals caused by natural factors and economic considerations. There are also variations in the prices of means of production and the production itself. The adoption of three-year periods allows for the elimination of annual fluctuations and provides a more comparable performance. Poland moving to a market economy in the nineties of the twentieth century did prepare its whole economy to join the EU, especially in rural areas and agriculture. With the adoption of the EU there were Polish institutions and legal solutions allowing for the adoption of appropriate management and financial support directed to the country and to agriculture. This support contributed to the need to increase investment in agriculture also from national resources (co-financing). Finally, funding for agricultural production increased from less than 9% in the pre-accession period to 60% in 2009-2010. Appropriations for direct payments and complementary targeted at farmers account for about 61% of all funds directed to rural areas by the EU. In addition, Poland obtained without tariff barriers an access to the EU market, resulting in increasingly higher volumes of products and an increase in trade surplus. Obtained funding for farmers, the organization of the agricultural market and legal infrastructure stimulate multiple transformations in Polish agriculture, and the main ones are: –– Changes in the factors of production; reduction of arable land resources and the increase in capital assets and the change of their structure (reducing the share of buildings and structures and increase the share of machinery, equipment and means of transport). Labor resources have a high degree of stability to the amount due to the low possibility of their use in non-agricultural activities, while changes to the structure of these resources: increase the participation of young people, women and those with higher education. –– Changes in acreage of individual crops, harvest and production of plant products per capita. These changes are shaped by the market: demand and profitability of production, –– Changes in the size of herds of livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, poultry) and meat animal production. Here, too, very much evident operation of the market: demand and profitability of production. –– Increased economic efficiency: increase in productivity of all factors of production, –– Increased food self-sufficiency: food self-sufficiency ratios improved with increasing trade flows in agricultural products abroad. In conclusion, after encompassing Polish agriculture in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU, there were a lot of structural changes in the factors of production, the organization of production, management efficiency and food self-sufficiency.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 3 (7); 82-99
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of EU subsidies for providing an environment for technical education
Wykorzystanie subwencji EU dla poprawy środowiska dla edukacji technicznej
Autorzy:
ČERNÝ, Jan
ZUKERSTEIN, Jaroslav
NOVOTNÝ, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/457320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
EU subsidies
technology education
środki Unii Europejskiej
edukacja techniczna
Opis:
The incorporation of the Czech Republic into the European Union has opened possibilities through EU Structural Funds to ensure good conditions for teaching technical subjects. This subsidies assures then principal conditions of didactic environment to teaching in laboratories FVTM.
Włączenie Republiki Czeskiej do Unii Europejskiej otworzyło możliwości korzystania z funduszy strukturalnych dla zapewnienia dobrych warunków dydaktycznych prowadzenia edukacji technicznej. Dzięki tym środkom można zapewnić podstawowe warunki środowiska dydaktycznego do nauki w laboratoriach FVTM.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2010, 1, 1; 84-87
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wspieranie połączeń tanich linii lotniczych ze środków publicznych
Supporting of low-cost airlines flights from public funds
Autorzy:
Olipra, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Dotacje
Linie lotnicze
Środki publiczne
Airlines
Public funds
Subsidies
Opis:
The aim of the article is to answer the question about the compliance of activities and actions connected with granting the marketing fees to low cost airlines from the public funds with the EU law and rules in the scope of state aid. To achieve this aim, the basis of low cost business model and mechanisms of marketing support for LCCs’ routes from public funds have been presented. Then, the issue of marketing fees in the light of EU law and rules regarding the state aid and cases concerning the presumption of unlaw¬ful state aid granted to cheap airlines in the period 2000-2014 have been presented.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 209; 146-157
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dotacje jako transfery z budżetu państwa i budżetu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego
Autorzy:
Patrzałek, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
subsidies
efficiency of public expenditure
dotacje
efektywność wydatków publicznych
Opis:
In the last years, government budget expenditure on subsidies has been increasing dynamically in the conditions of consolidation of the public finance sector. Their significance and role in the structure of the government budget expenditure and territorial self-government units budgets are different. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent subsidies, as financial transfers provided from the state budget and territorial self-government unit, are used to perform the function of public finance. The objective of the paper is also to examine the consistency and complementarity of expenditure grant policy of public authorities as well as to establish factors determining expenditure independence of local government authorities in the area of subsidies transferred from the budget of territorial self-government unit.
W warunkach konsolidacji sektora finansów publicznych w Polsce w ostatnich latach wydatki budżetu państwa na dotacje dynamicznie rosną, a stosunkowo niski jest ich udział w strukturze budżetów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Celem opracowania jest ustalenie, w jakim stopniu dotacje jako transfery finansowe są wykorzystywane w realizacji zadań realizowanych przez sektor finansów publicznych, a także zbadanie spójności i komplementarności wydatkowej polityki dotacyjnej władz publicznych oraz ustalenie czynników wyznaczających samodzielność wydatkową organów samorządu terytorialnego w obszarze dotacji przekazywanych z budżetu jednostki samorządu terytorialnego.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2017, 51, 6
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja zalesień w latach 2001-2018 w różnych regionach Polski
Afforestation in 2001-2018 in various regions of Poland
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Gil, W.
Gołos, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
afforestation
non−forest land
subsidies
private forests
Rural development program
Opis:
The paper analyzes the spatial and temporal diversity of afforestation of non−forest land, with particular emphasis on land not being the property of the State Treasury, before joining the European Union and as part of subsequent stages of the Rural Development Program. Data from the databases of the Statistics Poland and from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture was used. Afforestation in the period 2001−2018 was carried out with varying intensity throughout the country and in individual years. This condition was largely influenced by availability of land for afforestation and the form of land ownership. The history of the individual regions is clearly visible as well. Private forests occupy the smallest area in the territories incorporated into Poland after World War II, also in part of the former Prussia region and in the area covered by so called the ‘Wisła’ Operation in south−eastern Poland. In turn, in Podlasie and Lubelszczyzna regions (eastern Poland), the share of private forests is significant. The biggest changes in the afforestation structure took place after the introduction of subsidies for their establishment and care, after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In the period 2004−2018, the scope and criteria for granting the subsidies changed. New categories, which were to encourage beneficiaries to use this form of support, appeared. In 2004−2007 part of the Rural Development Program the area of afforested land in relation to the number of beneficiaries or issued decisions was the largest, while in subsequent campaigns the afforestation area decreased, despite the increase in the level of subsidies. The most important reasons for reducing the interest in afforestation are: decreasing resources of land intended for afforestation, greater interest among farmers in competitive payments for agricultural land, complicated bureaucratic procedures related to afforestation. The paper also highlights the most important restrictions that inhibit afforestation. These include: exclusion from afforestation of land located in Natura 2000 areas, exclusion of grassland (meadows and pastures) from afforestation and limitation of the aid granted for afforestation to one farmer to an area not exceeding 20 ha in the entire Program period. Lifting these barriers can have a positive effect on the creation of new afforestation or improvement of existing ones.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 09; 726-735
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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