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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Performance comparison of PWR/EPR and steam generator with and without economizer
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202380.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
    Tematy:
    steam generator
    economizer
    steam pressure
    PWR
    EPR
    generator pary
    ekonomizer
    ciśnienie pary
    Opis:
    The article presents a model of a steam generator based on mass and energy balance equations, heat transfer coefficients, criterion relations and Peclet’s law. The presented model was applied to a steam generator without and with an economizer for a PWR/EPR nuclear power plant. Based on the calculations, the steam pressure at the outlet of the steam generator without the economizer is 74.17 bar, and for the model with the economizer it is 77.2 bar. The pressure difference for these two variants, based on the calculations, was therefore 3 bar. Higher steam pressure at the outlet of the steam generator translates into a greater enthalpy drop in the turbine and greater power generated by the steam turbine and the efficiency of the entire nuclear power plant. Based on the economic calculations carried out for 60 years of operation of a nuclear power plant with four steam generators, the profit from the use of the economizer amounted to about PLN 0.6 billion.
    Źródło:
    Modern Engineering; 2022, 2; 21--27
    2450-5501
    Pojawia się w:
    Modern Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Protection From Steam at High Pressures: Development of a Test Device and Protocol
    Autorzy:
    Sati, R.
    Crown, E. M.
    Ackerman, M.
    Gonzalez, J.
    Dale, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90402.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    steam protection
    high pressure steam
    protective materials
    Opis:
    Extensive use of pressurized steam in the oil and gas sectors has led to incidents where workers were seriously injured. In this study a test device and procedure to measure heat transfer through fabrics during steam exposure were developed and evaluated. Several factors were considered while designing the test device to simulate work site conditions. Fabrics were exposed to steam at 2 distances (50 and 100 mm) and 2 pressures (207 and 69 kPa). Theoretical considerations included heat and mass transfer, and fabric structure and performance properties. The test device and procedure differentiated well among both fabric and exposure conditions. For all fabrics, maximum heat transfer was observed at highest steam pressure and shortest distance. Laminated and coated fabrics performed better than a fabric without such treatments.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2008, 14, 1; 29-41
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The optimalization of heating steam pressure on thermal effectiveness of drying cylinders
    Optymalizacja ciśnienia pary grzejnej na wydajność cieplną cylindrów suszących
    Autorzy:
    Kawka, W.
    Reczulski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140066.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    maszyna papiernicza
    cylinder suszący
    ciśnienie pary
    optymalizacja
    papermaking machine
    drying cylinder
    steam pressure
    optimization
    Opis:
    The study presented here offers an analysis of the heat flow through the wall of the Yankee cylinder when regarded as a thin-walled vessel. The effect of the selected design and process parameters (i.e. cylinder diameter and steam pressure) on density of the heating stream has been analyzed and discussed for both cast iron and steel cylinders. Based on the work presented here, the optimal ranges for steam pressure have been derived and proposed for cylinders mounted at various locations within the drying section.
    W artykule przeprowadzono analizę warunków przepływu ciepła przez ścianki cylindra połyskowego, potraktowanego, jako naczynie cienkościenne. Przeanalizowano wpływ wybranych parametrów konstrukcyjno-eksploatacyjnych (m.in. średnicy cylindra i ciśnienia pary) na gęstość strumienia ciepła w przypadku, gdy cylinder jest wykonany z żeliwa i ze stali. Ustalono optymalne zakresy wartości ciśnień pary dla tych cylindrów, usytuowanych w różnych miejscach suszarni w maszynach papierniczych.
    Źródło:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2011, LVIII, 1; 49-60
    0004-0738
    Pojawia się w:
    Archive of Mechanical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    3D multistage computations of turbine flows using different state equations
    Autorzy:
    Rusanov, A. V.
    Yershov, S.
    Lampart, P.
    Świrdyczuk, J.
    Gardzielewicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska
    Tematy:
    3D RANS model
    state equation
    low pressure steam turbine
    Opis:
    The paper describes the implementation of a modified state equation for perfect gas and Tammann equation into a 3D RANS solver FlowER. In the modification the specific heats are assumed as linear functions of temperature. A 5-stage LP steam turbine stage is calculated, and the comparison of results for constant and variable specific heats is illustrated. The modification significantly improves the correctness of determination of thermodynamic parameters in the entire flow region, especially in the exit stage.
    Źródło:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2002, 6, 4; 591-600
    1428-6394
    Pojawia się w:
    TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of stator-rotor interspace overlap of meridional contours on the efficiency of high-pressure steam turbine stages
    Autorzy:
    Rusanov, Andrii
    Rusanov, Roman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high-pressure steam turbine
    cavern
    overlap
    impulse type stage
    reactive type stage
    Opis:
    The results of a systematic study of the influence of meridional contours overlap in the stator-rotor axial interspace of the impulse and reactive type stages of a high-pressure steam turbine on the flow structure and gas-dynamic efficiency of the flow part are introduced. The studied flow parts of the impulse and reactive stages are typical for high-power high-pressure steam turbines. It is shown that the stages that have no overlaps and/or have a smooth shape of meridional contours have the best gasdynamic efficiency, and the most negative effect on the flow part is caused by the presence of caverns in the stator-rotor interspace. For cases where, due to technological limitations, it is impossible to avoid the presence of caverns and overlaps with a sharp (step-wise) change in the shape of the meridional contours, it is recommended to perform overlaps with positive size of overlap values near the rotor blades.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 1; 97-114
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determining steam condensation pressure in a power plant condenser in off-design conditions
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, Rafał
    Smyk, Adam
    Ruciński, Adam
    Szymczyk, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954999.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    thermal power plant
    steam condenser
    condenser model
    steam condensation
    pressure
    reference parameters
    steam condenser effectiveness
    Opis:
    The paper presents formulas which can be used to determine steam condensation pressure in a power plant condenser in off-design conditions. The mathematical model provided in the paper makes it possible to calculate the performance of the condenser in terms of condensing steam pressure, cooling water temperature at the condenser outlet, and condenser effectiveness under variable load conditions as a function of three input properties: the temperature and the mass flow rate of cooling water at the condenser inlet and the mass flow rate of steam. The mathematical model takes into account values of properties occurring in reference conditions but it contains no constant coefficients which would have to be established based on data from technical specifications of a condenser or measurement data. Since there are no such constant coefficients, the model of the steam condenser proposed in the paper is universally applicable. The proposed equations were checked against warranty measurements made in the condenser and measurement data gathered during the operation of a 200 MW steam power unit. Based on the analysis, a conclusion may be drawn that the proposed means of determining pressure in a condenser in off-design conditions reflects the condenser performance with sufficient accuracy. This model can be used in optimization and diagnostic analyses of the performance of a power generation unit.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 3; 45-62
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of the effectiveness of the turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors
    Autorzy:
    Badur, J.
    Kowalczyk, T.
    Ziółkowski, P.
    Tokarczyk, P.
    Woźniak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175162.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    condensation
    steam condenser
    Venturi nozzle
    Dalton’s law
    partial pressure
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 18K380 steam turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors. Motivation for the analysis was a need of improvement of the energy conversion ratio of the power plant. To achieve this goal it was necessary to establish efficiency of each subsystem of the energy cycle. The air extraction system is not a highly power consuming system but it has great impact on the steam cycle efficiency by influence on the condensation temperature. The air extraction system effectiveness depends on a weather conditions, exactly on the ambient temperature, which raises the question whether it is worth to modernize the hydro ejectors or replace them by a centrifugal vacuum pumps. To establish the vacuum system effectiveness a new innovative mass flow measuring system has been implemented to measure an air-steam mixture flow and the fraction of the air mass in the mixture. The measuring system is based on a Venturi nozzle supplemented with a temperature drop during the mixture expansion.
    Źródło:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery; 2016, 131; 41-53
    0079-3205
    Pojawia się w:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analyzis of the stream-air mixture during a flow through a tube bank inside a condenser
    Autorzy:
    Krzyślak, P.
    Joachimiak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    condenser
    pressure drop
    steam-air mixture
    water vapor condensation in a solution with air
    partial pressure
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of calculations related to the flow analysis of a tube bank taking into account the partial pressures of gases flowing through the condenser. Different mass share of the gas not condensing in the heat exchanger upstream to the first row of tubes and the partial pressures of water vapor and air have been taken into account. The value of the partial pressures of gases, pressures drop, temperature, velocity, Reynolds number, and air share in the subsequent rows of tubes have been calculated. This study is a basis for the analysis of heat exchange in the condenser considering the influence of the noncondensing gas. The increase in the share of air in the following rows of tubes results in an increase in the thermal resistance and condensation of increasingly lower mass of water vapor.
    Źródło:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery; 2014, 126; 131-140
    0079-3205
    Pojawia się w:
    Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of innovative solutions to improve the efficiency of the LPC flow part of the 220 MW NPP steam turbine
    Autorzy:
    Rusanov, Andrii
    Subotin, Viktor
    Shvetsov, Viktor
    Rusanov, Roman
    Palkov, Serhii
    Palkov, Ihor
    Chugay, Marina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    steam turbine
    low-pressure cylinder
    flow part
    meridional contours
    spatial flow
    computational investigation
    Opis:
    The results of the gas-dynamic calculation of the low-pressure cylinder flow part of the K-220-44 type steam turbine intended for operation at nuclear power plants are presented. The ways of the flow part improvement were determined. Some of those ways include the use of innovative approaches that were not previously used in steam turbines. The design of the new flow part was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive methodology implemented in the IPMFlow software package. The methodology includes gas-dynamic calculations of various levels of complexity, as well as methods for analytical construction of the spatial shape of the blade tracts based on a limited number of parameterized values. The real thermodynamic properties of water and steam were taken into account in 3D calculations of turbulent flows. At the final step, end-to-end 3D calculations of the lowpressure cylinder that consists of 5 stages were performed. The technology of parallel computing was applied in those calculations. It is shown that due to the application of innovative solutions, a significant increase in efficiency can be achieved in the developed low-pressure cylinder.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 1; 63--87
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected aspects of the choice of live steam pressure in PWR nuclear power plant
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, Rafał
    Smyk, Adam
    Jurkowski, Romuald
    Ancé, Julien
    Wołowicz, Marcin
    Uzunow, Nikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    live steam
    pressure
    efficiency
    power output
    nuclear power plant
    nuclear
    power
    plant
    performance
    entropy balance
    Opis:
    In commercially available generation III and III+ PWR (pressurized water reactor) reactors, pressure of steam produced in steam generators varies in a relatively wide range from 5.7 to 7.8 MPa. Therefore, it is important to ask which value of steam pressure should be used for a specific unit, taking into account different location conditions, the size of the power system and conditions of operation with other sources of electricity generation. The paper analyzes the effect of steam pressure at the outlet of a steam generator on the performance of a PWR nuclear power plant by presenting changes in gross and net power and efficiency of the unit for steam pressures in the range of 6.8 to 7.8 MPa. In order to determine losses in the thermal system of the PWR power plant, in particular those caused by flow resistance and live steam throttling between the steam generator and the turbine inlet, results concerning entropy generation in the thermal system of the power plant have been presented. A model of a nuclear power plant was developed using the Ebsilon software and validated based on data concerning the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR (evolutionary power reactor) power plant. The calculations in the model were done for design conditions and for a constant thermal power of the steam generator. Under nominal conditions of the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR power unit, steam pressure is about 7.8 MPa and the steam dryness fraction is 0.997. The analysis indicates that in the assumed range of live steam pressure the gross power output and efficiency increase by 32 MW and 0.735 percentage point, respectively, and the net power output and efficiency increase by 27.8 MW and 0.638 percentage point, respectively. In the case of all types of commercially available PWR reactors, water pressure in the primary circuit is in the range of 15.5−16.0 MPa. For such pressure, reducing the live steam pressure leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the unit. Although a higher steam pressure increases the efficiency of the system, it is necessary to take into account the limitations resulting from technical and economic criteria as well as operating conditions of the primary circuit, including the necessary DNBR (departure from nucleate boiling ratio) margin. For the above reasons, increasing the live steam pressure above 7.8 MPa (the value used in EPR units that have already been completed) is unjustified, as it is associated with higher costs of the steam generator and the high-pressure part of the turbine.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 3; 85--109
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling 3D steam turbine flow using thermodynamic properties of steam IAPWS-95
    Autorzy:
    Rusanow, A. V.
    Lampart, P.
    Pashchenko, N. V.
    Rusanov, R. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258730.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    three-dimensional viscous flow
    steam turbine
    low-pressure cylinder
    sets of equations of state for water and steam IAPWS-95
    approximations of equations
    Opis:
    An approach to approximate equations of state for water and steam (IAPWS-95) for the calculation of three-dimensional flows of steam in turbomachinery in a range of operation of the present and future steam turbines is described. Test calculations of three-dimensional viscous flow in an LP steam turbine using various equations of state (perfect gas, Van der Waals equation, equation of state for water and steam IAPWS-95) are made. The comparison of numerical results with experimental data is also presented.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 1; 61-67
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Design and modeling of a uni-directional piston expander, a case study
    Projekt i modelowanie rozprężarki tłokowej typu przelotowego, studium przypadku
    Autorzy:
    Rutczyk, Bartłomiej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101679.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki. Instytut Techniki Cieplnej
    Tematy:
    volumetric expander
    piston expander
    steam engine
    Rankine cycle
    pressure losses
    expansion
    valve pressure drop
    rozprężarka tłokowa
    maszyna parowa
    obieg Rankine’a
    straty ciśnienia
    rozprężanie
    spadek ciśnienia w zaworze
    Opis:
    A design of a reciprocating piston expander based on the uni-directional flow principle is proposed. The conversion of low value heat into mechanical work and electrical energy is a basic problem of small co-generation power plants. It is postulated that the proposed expander is appropriat for such applications. A methodology for engine design and modeling is brought forward and outlined. The design principle is based on the outlines proposed for steam engines by Stumpf [1]. The proposed design is of a horizontal, low speed unit designed with ease of manufacture in mind. Calculations based on the model show isentropic efficiencies around 70%, with the nominal power of 1,2 kW, for a machine working on 7 bar, mildly superheated steam, with the outlet pressure of 0,3 bar and condenser coolant used for residential heating. Furthermore, the most crucial mechanical and stress calculations are outlined.
    Przedmiotem pracy jest projekt tłokowego silnika parowego, jako rozprężarki dla siłowni parowych o małej mocy. Uznano, że dla założonych parametrów pary (7 bar na wlocie, 0,3 bar w skraplaczu) i przyjętej mocy w granicach 1,4 kW, konstrukcją optymalną ze względu na sprawność wewnętrzną i prostotę konstrukcji będzie maszyna o przepływie jednokierunkowym [1, 4]. W celu określenia jej wymiarów, stworzono uproszczony model obliczeniowy bazujący na założeniu, że sprężanie i rozprężanie pary to proces politropowy, w którym nadto wzięto pod uwagę straty ciśnienia pary na wlocie do maszyny, korzystając ze wzorów empirycznych [11]. Następnie, uzyskane w ten sposób wymiary wykorzystano jako dane dla kolejnego modelu, bazującego już na założeniu, że czynnik roboczy stanowi gaz rzeczywisty. Model ten utworzono w programie EES. Opiera się on na rozwiązywaniu równań bilansów w celu określenia parametrów pary w punktach charakterystycznych wykresu p-V. Następnie wykres jest kreślony przez program, zakładając przebieg krzywych wlotu i wylotu jako odpowiednio paraboli i funkcji wykładniczej (co stanowi dopuszczalne uproszczenie funkcji wylotu podanej przez Schulego [13] w tym szczególnym przypadku), oraz krzywych sprężania i rozprężania jako zbioru punktów dla procesu izentropowego (w ten sposób bierze się pod uwagę zmienność wykładnika izentropy). Zmieniając w modelu parametry prędkości obrotowej n i napełnienia ε rysuje się następnie charakterystyki mocy, momentu obrotowego i sprawności izentropowej maszyny. Osiągalne są sprawności izentropowe rzędu 0,8 przy małych mocach, oraz rzędu 0,7 przy mocach około nominalnych (1,4 kW). W dalszej części pracy pokazane są szczegóły obliczeń konstrukcyjnych proponowanej maszyny, w tym obliczenia zaworów wlotowych i obliczenia wytrzymałościowe wału i innych elementów. Na bazie ich wyników stworzono projekt silnika (w oprogramowaniu Solidworks).
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Instytutu Techniki Cieplnej; 2016, 2; 111-133
    2451-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Instytutu Techniki Cieplnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Approach to Impact Assessment of the Rated Power Uprate of NPP Unit on the Service Life of the Turbine Critical Elements
    Autorzy:
    Chernousenko, Olga
    Nikulenkova, Tetyana
    Peshko, Vitaliy
    Nikulenkov, Anatolii
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811575.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    nuclear power plant
    reliability
    turbine
    steam flow
    computational fluid dynamics
    high pressure rotor
    service life
    long-term strength
    low cycle fatigue
    Opis:
    Nuclear power plants play an important role in power systems of many countries. Ability to reasonable increase installed capacity of nuclear power units allow to reduce the cost for building of new power plants. When increasing NPP capacity to 104% there is a need to estimate the residual life of plant’s typical elements and continue their operation. The mathematical model of estimation of service life indicators of steam turbine K-1000-60/3000 is developed. The effect of increasing the capacity of a nuclear reactor on the heat transfer coefficients of a steam in the nozzle segments of high-pressure cylinder was established by using CFD modeling. The thermal and stress-strain state of the high-pressure rotor for the most typical operating modes are calculated. Using the correlation dependences of low-cycle fatigue, the rate of accumulation of cyclic damage of the base metal is established. The resistance of the metal to the exhaustion of long-term strength is also determined. On the example of the high pressure rotor of the 3rd power unit of Rivne NPP the service life indicators are calculated. The validity of increasing the installed capacity of the power unit was also confirmed.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 1; 105-116
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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