Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "stabilizers" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
Tytuł:
Automatic stabilizers of business cycle as mechanisms of stabilization policy of public finance in Poland
Autorzy:
Braun, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
public finance
stabilization function
automatic stabilizers
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the essence and describe the operation of automatic stabilizers, which – in addition to discretionary measures – are tools of the stabilizing function of public finance. Stabilization policy is closely related to the phenomenon of the business cycle. Its task is to mitigate the fluctuations in the course of the business cycle through the use of income and expenditure instruments affecting economic processes in the macroeconomic scale. Automatic business stabilizers are solutions implemented in the income and expenditure system that cause changes in the structure of cash flow between the public and private sectors – in favor of the private sector as the economic climate deteriorates, while improving the economic situation – in favor of the public finance sector.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 3-11
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control design of fin roll stabilization in beam seas based on Lyapunov’s direct method
Autorzy:
Karakas, Safak C.
Ucer, Erdem
Pesman, Emre
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
fin stabilizers
Lyapunov function
roll motion
white noise
Opis:
The aim of this study is to design a controller based on Lyapunov’s direct method for fin roll stabilization systems for ships in beam seas. A third order mathematical model consisting of uncoupled roll motion of a ship and fin hydraulic system dynamics is considered. In the model, random wind force is defined by Gaussian white noise. Both controlled and uncontrolled roll motions are presented considering stall effect by roll-time history and safe basin graphics. It is observed from the results that fin control system is successful to reduce erosion percentages of safe basins and roll amplitudes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2012, 2; 25-30
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analyses of New Nontoxic Stabilizers and Other Components in Smokeless Powders
Autorzy:
Fryš, O.
Bajerová, P.
Eisner, A.
Ventura, K.
Skládal, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
smokeless powders
chemical stabilizers
gravimetry
chromatography
infrared spectrometry
Opis:
Propellants consisting of nitrocellulose and/or other nitric esters are inherently chemically unstable and undergo decomposition even under standard storage conditions. Decomposition of such compounds can be inhibited or nearly stopped when stabilizers are used. However, conventional stabilizers form nitrosamines that have toxic and carcinogenic effects. A nitrocellulose based propellants contained new nontoxic stabilizers were prepared on this account. The new stabilizers are epoxidized oils (soybean oil, linseed oil and mixture fatty acids, C14-22). The chemical structure of the new stabilizers and their decomposition products should prevent the formation of toxic N-nitrosamines. We prepared double base propellants and these powders were investigated using Microcalorimetry, Conventional Stability Tests and Sensitivity Tests. The results were compared with propellants containing the conventional stabilizer akardite II. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were also performed. These analyses are very important next to the Conventional Stability Tests and Sensitivity Tests. Therefore, this paper presents qualitative and quantitative analyses results of the new substances as stabilizers for propellants. We studied options of oils stabilizers determination and mechanism of stabilization of propellants by oils. Paper describes quantitative analyses results of other substances in propellants (nitroglycerin and solvents) too and options of samples modifcation before analyses.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 253-267
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of hindered amine light stabilizers on the resistance of polypropylene towards ionizing radiation
Autorzy:
Przybytniak, G.
Mirkowski, K.
Rafalski, A.
Nowicki, A.
Legocka, I.
Zimek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
polypropylene
stabilizers
HALS
electron beam
apparent viscosity
nucleation agent
Opis:
The influence of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) on physical and mechanical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated isotactic polypropylene (PP) was studied. The stabilizers under investigation were: Tinuvin 765 (T765) and Tinuvin 622 (T622) - derivatives of 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl piperidine and Chimassorb 944 (C944) - a derivative of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine. It was found that the stabilizers reduce the amount of peroxyl radicals in the amorphous phase of PP. The irradiation with electron beam causes a drop of apparent viscosity both in the original and in the modified PP however the effect is smaller in the presence of HALSs. Admixture of T622 and T765 stabilizers increases the crystallization temperature of non-irradiated PP by about 8 10°C (measured by DSC) what results from the facilitated formation of a large number small microcrystals. It was concluded that HALSs initiate two opposite tendencies - chemical protection against damage initiated by free radicals and, simultaneously, physical enhancement of sensitivity towards irradiation by the increase of nucleation density. In the studied systems, the presence of maleic anhydride does not improve compatibility between the polymeric matrix and HALSs.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50, 4; 153-159
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of Pareto optimisation for tuning power system stabilizers
Autorzy:
Paszek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201080.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Pareto optimization
power system stabilizers
power system
electromechanical swings
Opis:
The paper presents a method for determining sets of Pareto optimal solutions (compromise sets) – parameter values of PSS3B system stabilizers working in a multi-machine power system – when optimising different multidimensional criteria. These criteria are determined for concrete disturbances when taking into account transient waveforms of the instantaneous power, angular speed and terminal voltage of generators in one, chosen generating unit or in all units of the system analysed. The application of multi-criteria methods allows taking into account the optimisation process of power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters, many sometimes contradictory requirements (criteria) without losing ability to reach the optimal solution. A choice of the compromise solution can be made by assuming the values of the weighting coefficients associated with particular components of the vector criterion and determining the equivalent, global criterion. A change of the values of those weighting coefficients in the equivalent criterion does not require, in the case of the Pareto optimization, carrying out repeated calculations.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 1; 125-131
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental biomechanical assessment of plate stabilizers for treatment of pectus excavatum
Autorzy:
Kajzer, A.
Kajzer, W.
Gzik-Zroska, B.
Wolański, W.
Janicka, I.
Dzielicki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
biomechanical characteristics
metallic biomaterials
plate stabilizers
pectus excavatum
biomechanika
biomateriały
stabilizator
Opis:
The paper discusses results of experimental research involving new generation of plate stabilizers used for the treatment of deformation of the front chest wall. Previous clinical monitoring revealed instances of minimal rotation, which caused destabilization of the anastomosis and pain in patients. In order to prevent this, transverse stabilizing plates were introduced to the structure of the stabilizer. The new structure of stabilizers was tested using two specially prepared research posts: 1 – which enables fastening of the plate stabilizers to a platform simulating human ribs, 2 – using a pig chest, to which plates were fastened according to the stabilization conditions in the stabilizer–chest structure. The tests recorded displacement values in selected areas of the plates in response to applied loading forces.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2013, 15, 3; 113-121
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power system oscillation damping controller design: a novel approach of integrated HHO-PSO algorithm
Autorzy:
Devarapalli, Ramesh
Kumar, Vikash
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Harris hawk optimization
power system stabilizers
STATCOM
FACTS
particle swarm optimization
Opis:
The hybridization of a recently suggested Harris hawk’s optimizer (HHO) with the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been proposed in this paper. The velocity function update in each iteration of the PSO technique has been adopted to avoid being trapped into local search space with HHO. The performance of the proposed Integrated HHO-PSO (IHHOPSO) is evaluated using 23 benchmark functions and compared with the novel algorithms and hybrid versions of the neighbouring standard algorithms. Statistical analysis with the proposed algorithm is presented, and the effectiveness is shown in the comparison of grey wolf optimization (GWO), Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), barnacles matting optimization (BMO) and hybrid GWO-PSO algorithms. The comparison in convergence characters with the considered set of optimization methods also presented along with the boxplot. The proposed algorithm is further validated via an emerging engineering case study of controller parameter tuning of power system stability enhancement problem. The considered case study tunes the parameters of STATCOM and power system stabilizers (PSS) connected in a sample power network with the proposed IHHOPSO algorithm. A multi-objective function has been considered and different operating conditions has been investigated in this papers which recommends proposed algorithm in an effective damping of power network oscillations.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 3; 553-591
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does A Progressive PIT Stabilize The Economy? A Comparison Of Progressive And Flat Taxes
Czy progresja podatkowa stabilizuje gospodarkę? Porównanie podatku progresywnego i liniowego
Autorzy:
Krajewski, Piotr
Piłat, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
podatki
automatyczne stabilizatory koniunktury
polityka fiskalna
PIT
taxes
automatic stabilizers
fiscal policy
Opis:
Cel artykułu stanowi zbadanie wpływu progresywności podatku PIT na jego skuteczność jako automatycznego stabilizatora koniunktury. Ocenę efektywności tego podatku w niwelowaniu wahań koniunktury przeprowadzono w oparciu o szacunki komponentów cyklicznych. Z badania wynika, że elastyczność wpływów podatkowych z podatku PIT względem PKB jest wyższa od jedności, co oznacza, że podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych jest skutecznym stabilizatorem koniunktury. Jednocześnie uzyskano jednak, że występowanie progresji podatkowej nie jest głównym powodem wysokiej efektywności tego podatku w stabilizowaniu fluktuacji gospodarczych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych oszacowań wskazują, że zmiany w progresywności podatku PIT, odmiennie niż wynikałoby z powszechnych opinii na ten temat, jedynie w niewielkim stopniu wpływają na efektywność biernej polityki fiskalnej. Podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych działa bowiem jako automatyczny stabilizator głównie nie poprzez progresję podatkową, lecz na skutek zmian poziomu zatrudnienia wynikających z fluktuacji gospodarczych.
The aim of the article is to examine the impact of progressive personal income tax rates and the effectiveness of this tax as an automatic economic stabilizer. The assessment of automatic stabilizers is based on the estimates of tax cyclical components. The study shows that the output elasticity of PIT is higher than one, which means that the analysed tax acts relatively efficiently as an automatic stabilizer. However, it was also observed that the tax progressivity is not the main reason of the effectiveness of a progressive PIT as an automatic stabilizer. The study shows that changes in progressive rates of PIT, contrary to widespread opinions, have little effect on the effectiveness of passive fiscal policy. Personal income tax acts as automatic stabilizer mostly due not to the progressive tax rates, but because of the sensitivity of employment to GDP fluctuations.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2017, 20, 1; 21-34
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers operating in an extended power system with the use of a genetic algorithm
Autorzy:
Nocoń, Adrian
Paszek, Stefan
Pruski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
power system
power system stabilizers
polyoptimization
transient states
electromechanical swings
angular stability
Opis:
In the paper, the application of multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers to damping electromechanical swings in an extended power system (PS) is presented. The calculations of the power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters were divided into two stages. In the first stage, single-machine systems, generating unit - infinite bus, of generating units critical for the angular stability of the PS were analyzed. Time constants and preliminary values of the PSS gains were calculated. In the second stage, the main one, the main gains on which the effectiveness of operation of PSSs depends the most were calculated by multi-criteria optimization of the extended PS. The calculations were carried out in several variants: for two-dimensional objective functions and the six-dimensional objective function. In multi-criteria optimization, the solution is not one set of PSS parameters, but a set of sets of these parameters, i.e. a set of compromises that were determined for each analyzed case. Additionally, for the six-dimensional compromise set, projections of this set on the planes connected with the quantities of individual generating units and the boundary of these projections on these planes were determined. A genetic algorithm adapted to multi-criteria issues was used to minimize the multivariate objective function. Sample calculations were made for the model of the National (Polish) Power System taking into account 57 selected generating units operating in high and extra high voltage networks (220 and 400 kV). The presented calculations show that the applied multi-criteria optimization of the PSS3B stabilizer parameters allows effectively damping electromechanical swings without worsening the voltage waveforms of generating units in the extended PS.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2022, 32, 2; 233--255
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Power system oscillation damping controller design: a novel approach of integrated HHO-PSO algorithm
Autorzy:
Devarapalli, Ramesh
Kumar, Vikash
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Harris hawk optimization
power system stabilizers
STATCOM
FACTS
particle swarm optimization
Opis:
The hybridization of a recently suggested Harris hawk’s optimizer (HHO) with the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been proposed in this paper. The velocity function update in each iteration of the PSO technique has been adopted to avoid being trapped into local search space with HHO. The performance of the proposed Integrated HHO-PSO (IHHOPSO) is evaluated using 23 benchmark functions and compared with the novel algorithms and hybrid versions of the neighbouring standard algorithms. Statistical analysis with the proposed algorithm is presented, and the effectiveness is shown in the comparison of grey wolf optimization (GWO), Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), barnacles matting optimization (BMO) and hybrid GWO-PSO algorithms. The comparison in convergence characters with the considered set of optimization methods also presented along with the boxplot. The proposed algorithm is further validated via an emerging engineering case study of controller parameter tuning of power system stability enhancement problem. The considered case study tunes the parameters of STATCOM and power system stabilizers (PSS) connected in a sample power network with the proposed IHHOPSO algorithm. A multi-objective function has been considered and different operating conditions has been investigated in this papers which recommends proposed algorithm in an effective damping of power network oscillations.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 3; 553-591
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of flame-retardant additives based on Sb2O3 on PVC flammability
Wpływ dodatków uniepalniających na bazie Sb2O3 na palność PVC
Autorzy:
Kurta, Sergiy
Shevchenko, Olga
Khatsevich, Olga
Fedorchenko, Sofia
Riy, Volodymyr
Givel, Solomia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Tematy:
flame retardants
stabilizers
stibium oxides
calcium carbonate
uniepalniacze
termostabilizator
tlenek antymonu
węglan wapnia
linoleum
Opis:
Commercial flame-retardant additives based on Sb2O3 were evaluated. It was found that they have an acceptor, thermostabilizing and flame-retardant effect on PVC linoleum. Based on IR spectroscopy, DTA analysis, diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analysis, it was found that one of the samples contains 100% Sb2O3, while the others contain microcrystalline CaCO3 (50-95%) and other compounds, e.g., organochlorines and hydrocarbons. The flame-retardant mechanism of PVC linoleum consists in the synergistic action of Sb2O3 and CaСО3 by binding gaseous hydrogen chloride formed during the combustion and thermal decomposition of PVC.
Zbadano handlowe dodatki uniepalniające na bazie Sb2O3. Wykazują one działanie akceptorowe, termostabilizujące i uniepalniające na linoleum z PVC. Na podstawie spektroskopii IR, analizy DTA, dyfrakcji oraz analizy fluorescencji rentgenowskiej stwierdzono, że jedna z próbek zawiera 100% Sb2O3, natomiast pozostałe zawierają mikrokrystaliczny CaCO3 (50-95%) oraz inne związki np. chloroorganiczne i węglowodory. Mechanizm uniepalniania linoleum z PVC polega na synergicznym działaniu Sb2O3 i CaСО3 poprzez wiązanie gazowego chlorowodoru powstającego podczas spalania i rozkładu termicznego PVC.
Źródło:
Polimery; 2023, 68, 4; 226--233
0032-2725
Pojawia się w:
Polimery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of the Influence of Power System Mathematical Model Parameter Uncertainty on PSS2A System Stabilizers
Ocena wpływu niepewności parametrów modelu matematycznego systemu elektroenergetycznego na stabilizatory systemowe PSS2A
Autorzy:
Nocoń, A.
Paszek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397473.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
ENERGA
Tematy:
power system
power system stabilizers
polyoptimisation
parameter uncertainty
system elektroenergetyczny
stabilizatory systemowe
polioptymalizacja
niepewność parametrów
Opis:
his paper presents an analysis of the influence of uncertainty of power system mathematical model parameters on optimised parameters of PSS2A system stabilizers. Optimisation of power system stabilizer parameters was based on polyoptimisation (multi-criteria optimisation). Optimisation criteria were determined for disturbances occurring in a multi-machine power system, when taking into account transient waveforms associated with electromechanical swings (instantaneous power, angular speed) and terminal voltage waveforms of generators. A genetic algorithm with floating-point encoding, tournament selection, mean crossover and perturbative mutations, modified for the needs of investigations, was used for optimisation. The impact of uncertainties on the quality of operation of power system stabilizers with optimised parameters has been evaluated using various deformation factors.
W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu niepewności parametrów modelu matematycznego systemu elektroenergetycznego na zoptymalizowane parametry stabilizatorów systemowych typu PSS2A. Do optymalizacji parametrów stabilizatorów systemo- wych zastosowano polioptymalizację (optymalizację wielokryterialną). Kryteria optymalizacyjne określono dla zakłóceń wystę- pujących w wielomaszynowym systemie elektroenergetycznym, biorąc pod uwagę przebiegi przejściowe związane z kołysaniami elektromechanicznymi (moc chwilowa, prędkość kątowa) i przebiegi napięcia zaciskowego generatorów. Do optymalizacji wykorzystano zmodyfikowany na potrzeby badań algorytm genetyczny z kodowaniem zmiennoprzecinkowym, selekcją turniejową, krzyżowaniem uśredniającym i mutacją perturbacyjną. Ocenę wpływu niepewności na jakość pracy stabilizatorów systemowych o zoptymalizowanych parametrach przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem różnych wskaźników deformacji.
Źródło:
Acta Energetica; 2015, 3; 48-58
2300-3022
Pojawia się w:
Acta Energetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radial Wrist Extensors as a Dynamic Stabilizers of Scapholunate Complex
Autorzy:
Elsaftawy, Ahmed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-08-01
Wydawca:
Index Copernicus International
Tematy:
scapholunate instability
scapholunate dissociation
rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid
radial wrist extensors
flexor carpi radialis
dynamic stabilizers
Opis:
Wrist stabilization is ensured by the complex of stabilizers, both static (intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments) and dynamic ones (flexor and extensor sinews of the wrist). Extrinsic carpal ligaments link both carpal rows with forearm, while the intrinsic ones connect individual carpal bones. From among intrinsic ligaments, the most significant from clinical point of view is scapholunate ligament (scapholunate lig. - SL). Instability of the SL resulting from SL ligament tear is the most frequent type of carpal instability. If untreated or undiagnosed, it may lead to destabilization of the carpal rows, and in the final stage to massive degenerative changes with SLAC (scapholunate advanced collapse). The aim of the study was to present a hypothesis of a possible influence of radial extensors of the wrist as dynamic stabilizers for SL complex, based on which it is possible to discern the partial ligament tear with accompanying damage of static stabilizers of the complex. Material and methods. This hypothesis was based on radiological tests carried out on 5 patients, with acute partial SL ligament tear, which was confirmed during wrist arthroscopy. The outcome was presented as well, with its visualization in radiological tests. Results. The picture of rotary subluxation of the scaphoid -signet ring sign in PA view and strengthening in stress position (clenched fist) was demonstrated in all 5 patients. In 2 patients who had wrist arthroscopy performed it was observed that the palmar and proximal part of SL ligament were injured, yet no damage of dorsal part was reported. In MRI tests of these patients, an additional injury of dorsal intercarpal ligament was revealed. Conclusions. Correction of the scaphoid reduction in position of clenched fist may result from influence of radial extensors of the wrist (both short and long) as dynamic stabilizers of SL complex. This imagining is a completion of the radiological symptoms so far occurring in this SL instability. In case of acute, partial scapholunate ligament tear, reduction of scapholunate subluxation and its internal fixation with the lunate and capitate for a 6-week period may be an optional procedure
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Surgery; 2013, 85, 8; 452-459
0032-373X
2299-2847
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Surgery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

    Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies