Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "license" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 25
Tytuł:
CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY CORTISOL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS INDICATORS DURING A DRIVING COURSE
Autorzy:
Siudak, Martyna
Zietek, Marta
Tober-Marczewska, Anna
Sideris, Elżbieta
Swiergiel, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-10
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
stress
coping
cortisol
driving license
students
Opis:
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of stress of a practical, thirty-hour driving course on changes in salivary cortisol concentration and on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The second objective was to determine the relation between the style of coping with stress (psychological indicator) and changes in the assessed biological parameters. All volunteers aged 18-30 years completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) before the start of the course. They were divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=18) groups. In the experimental group saliva samples to measure cortisol were collected from each participant: before the start of the course, before the 1st, 13th and 28th driving hour, and blood pressure was measured before the course, during the 15th and 30th hour of the course. Participants in the control group had one saliva sample taken and their blood pressure was measured once at the same time. The results suggest that cortisol concentration in saliva correlates with the hour of the course. Systolic and diastolic pressure also correlates with the hour of the course. CISS test related differences among the individuals in copying with stress (sex as well as age-related) but they did not correlate with the cortisol and blood pressure responses. A driving course is a stress factor that causes changes in salivary cortisol concentration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The style of coping with stress does not correlate with changes in the salivary cortisol concentration during the course. Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the driving course do not depend on the way of coping with stress.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2018, 16(3); 259-266
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conditions for obtaining licenses for trade in weapons, ammunition and explosives
Autorzy:
Dela, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
license
weapons
ammunition
explosives
sale
trade
Opis:
Trafficking in weapons, ammunition and explosives is the activity that is specific, rare, strictly regulated, requiring a license and subject to a detailed inspection by the state authorities in the Polish legal system. This is justified by the need to ensure national security and public order. The author discusses in detail the applicable provisions of the so-called “act on special trading” and a number of priority implementing acts. He presents the following sources of regulations, defines the subject of the licensed activity and dis-cusses requirements for applicants, including issues related to professional preparation, health and technical-organizational conditions. He also analyzes the content of the application for a license, the procedure for granting a concession by a licensing authority and the content of the decision issued. He also takes into account the possibility of a refusal to grant a license, its revocation and changes in the scope of a license, indicating the applicant’s right to challenge the decision by requesting for review with extraordinary rendition or in the course of administrative court proceedings.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2016, 4; 5-25
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of licenses in public utility services provision – 19th century experiences
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683795.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
natural monopoly
license
public utility
competition
municipalization
Opis:
The subject of this article is a part of a broader debate related to the participation of the private sector in the execution of public services. It concerns those services which are provided to recipients in the conditions of a natural monopoly, based on a license (so with the privilege of exclusivity) awarded to private companies for executing the state’s tasks. This paper aims at outlining the reasons behind the implementation of similar solutions and the problems related to entrusting the private party with satisfying public needs – problems which revealed a conflict of interest between the parties of the licensing contract.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 3-18
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patients with epilepsy as drivers in Poland
Autorzy:
Staniszewska, Anna
Mąka, Agnieszka
Religioni, Urszula
Olejniczak, Dominik
Juszczyk, Grzegorz
Gierczyński, Rafał
Marcinkiewicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
drivers
accidents
consensus
driving regulations
driving license
epilepsy
Opis:
Drivers suffering from epilepsy are commonly regarded as a threat to road safety. However, inability to use their own means of transport very often implies specific professional effects and lowers the quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the driving status of patients with epilepsy in Poland.Material and MethodsThe prospective study was performed using an independent questionnaire developed by the authors, consisting of 4 parts: 1) socio-demographic information, 2) clinical information, 3) driving information, and 4) opinions about patients with epilepsy as drivers. The study was conducted in November 2018–September 2019. A total of 188 patients completed this study.ResultsMore than one-quarter of the patients have a driving license. Among them, 35 individuals (accounting for 18.62% of the whole study group) said that they had received their driving license after the diagnosis of epilepsy. In 10 cases (5.32%), seizures occurred while the patients were driving and in 72 cases (38.30%) while they were traveling as passengers. Among all socio-clinical factors, having a driving license was conditioned by the marital status (p = 0.008) and education (p = 0.007). Other factors did not affect having a driving license or the time of obtaining the license (p > 0.05 for all cases). A relationship was observed between the occurrence of side effects of antiepileptic drugs and the occurrence of seizures while traveling as a car passenger (p = 0.001). Other factors did not affect the occurrence of epileptic seizures while traveling by car, either as a driver or a passenger (p > 0.05).ConclusionsA significant proportion of the respondents were of the opinion that patients with epilepsy should not be allowed to obtain a driving license, which is probably related to concerns about the occurrence of epileptic seizures while driving. It is necessary to conduct a nationwide educational and information campaign on epilepsy in various aspects.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2021, 72, 4; 341-350
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish adaptation of foreign geographical atlases for general use at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Autorzy:
Konopska, B.
Pasławski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Tematy:
geographical atlas
copyright license
adaptation of atlas
geographical name
Opis:
Different approaches to the adaptation of foreign geographical atlases, making an effort of classification, against a background of the intensive activity of Polish publishers in the scope of adaptation of these atlases during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century have been discussed in this article. Moreover the usefulness and correctness of the adapted publications as well as the fundamental problems connected with the use of Polish geographical names have been discussed from the point of view of a Polish user; also the problems related to the layout, range of content and scope of symbolism expected by a Polish user have been discussed.
Źródło:
Polish Cartographical Review; 2015, 47, 2; 77-90
2450-6974
Pojawia się w:
Polish Cartographical Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Protection of persons and property in Poland – historical reflections
Autorzy:
Fołta, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-29
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
security
public security
license
concession
protection of persons and property
Opis:
This article presents the basics of the security system in Poland after the political transformation in the late 80’s/early 90’s. The development of personal and property security gained momentum in the 90’s. After the political change, the lack of adequate regulations for the operation of security companies required the introduction of legal regulations that systematized the creation and operation of security companies as well as the requirements for people working in organizations. In Poland, the private security services sector emerged at the end of the 1980s. The first concessions for performing services in this area were issued after 1 January 1989 on the basis of the law on economic activity. Until the entry into force of the law on the protection of persons and property, the private security sector operated, inter alia, on the basis of the provisions of the aforementioned law on economic activity and the criminal code.1 Due to the changes occurring both in the law and in terms of changing hazards, the regulations did not correspond to the new socio-economic reality of the 1990s. As a result, on 22 August 1997, the lower house of parliament of the Republic of Poland passed an act on the protection of persons and property. The ‘privatisation of security’ is, one of the means for improving public safety. The private security sector contributes significantly to improving security, but only if appropriate legislative solutions are in place and proper control is exercised over the activities of this sector.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2022, 6, 1; 149-158
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
No Time to Die – Spy Fiction and the End of the Law
Autorzy:
Zabrocki, Patryk Roger
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
secret service
agent
license to kill
fall of the law
Opis:
Goal – the obligation to ensure internal security, constitutional order, and external security is a necessary condition for the development of any country. It is a condition that is not influenced by the state system. Only the mechanisms leading to the achievement of a given objective may be different. The vast majority of modern states in the international arena establish and maintain units called special services in order to protect their existence. The work of a given type of agency essentially involves activities aimed at guaranteeing the protection of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the operations of current secret services and their officers against the backdrop of the history of the most popular secret service officer in the world. This work will answer the question of how far special services can go to ensure the protection of the state, and whether their actions break the law. Research methodology – many research methods were used to fully exhaust the topic of this dissertation. The analytical method enabled an accurate and multifaceted picture of certain phenomena found in the activities of the secret services, but most importantly, it made it possible to show extreme manifestations of law violations done by secret services officers that will never be met with negative consequences of the law. The main goal of any given method is to obtain certain empirical conclusions. The intuitive and critical methods were then applied. The former had the task of allowing the consideration of personal conjectures, concepts, and acquired knowledge while obtaining information necessary to write a given work. The latter was the perfect complement to the first one. The critical method had the task of logically justifying the hypotheses by constructive criticism and analysis of the literature on a given topic. Score/results – the fundamental aim of this article is to prove that the solutions of legal regulations concerning special services are extremely different from the actual practice of officers at given institutions. The above will help solve the main problem of this work, which is to present the opportunism of people who are supposed to protect and serve the people of their country. Special services, which are subject to public authority and controlled by supervisory bodies, should uphold the rule of law. Ultimately, the officers of these services are the lawbreakers. In light of the issues raised in the paper, this article is a good tool to use for lawyers that specialize in national security, as well as for officers at the institutions in question. Originality/value – the starting point of this work is to determine the essence of special service operations. Both intelligence and counter-intelligence services deal with secret tasks in different forms. The core function of the secret service is to protect the interests of the state, which is an important value for state security. The task of the secret service is to protect the legal order of the state in which they serve, but also to act within the limits of the law for the sake of international peace. Intelligence and counter-intelligence work usually assumes the form of classified and special operations. They are aimed at influencing, either directly or indirectly, a dangerous entity, thus causing a decrease in its political, economic, military, and moral capabilities. Special services are different from other organizations that have the task of protecting national interests. An important catalogue of rights and obligations for special services states that they are an important mechanism for preventing and destroying threats of all kinds with all possible tools. These tools can often violate fundamental human rights and the democratic rule of law. By using examples from spying fiction, it is possible to analyze the activities of secret services and assess how important or unnecessary the services may be.
Źródło:
Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza; 2019; 231-242
2544-5790
Pojawia się w:
Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Official driving licence examination adapted for the deaf
Egzamin państwowy na prawo jazdy w wersji dla osób niesłyszących
Autorzy:
Marciniak, K.
Paczkowski, A.
Zawada, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
deaf persons
driving license
training
examination
prawo jazdy
szkolenie
egzamin
głuchoniemi
Opis:
The article highlights the problems encountered by the deaf people who want to obtain a driving licence and describes the steps taken by a Consortium that run a project named GŁUSI (THE DEAF) within the “Social Innovations” Programme of the National Centre for Research and Development. The project objective was to make it more realistic for the deaf to obtain a motor vehicle driving licence by creating such examination conditions that would remove barriers preventing the access of the deaf to a success in the tests. In the regulations in force, not all examinees were equally treated by the legislator, who failed to provide a possibility of verifying the theoretical knowledge of the citizens who cannot use Polish language because of their disability. The fact that people who needed extra care from state authorities were burdened with requirements beyond their capacity was unjustifiable from social justice point of view; conversely, it made the unfair treatment of the disabled even worse. Since, according to legislator’s opinion, disabled people can obtain the right to drive motor vehicles, the depriving them of such a possibility solely because of the lack of appropriate examination tests and impossibility of communication when they drive a car is irrational. The regulations that govern the principles of examining the candidates for drivers do not provide any possibility of departure from the general rules. Thus, they limit the right of the deaf to live on their own and to move freely as the fully able people do. They also weaken the position of the deaf in the labour market and, in consequence, make it more difficult for such people to improve their and their families’ standard of living and quality of life.
Artykuł wskazuje problemy osób niesłyszących w uzyskiwaniu praw jazdy i opisuje działania w ramach Programu NCBiR „Innowacje Społeczne” podjęte przez konsorcjum, realizujące projekt o akronimie GŁUSI. Celem projektu było urealnienie możliwości nabywania uprawnień do kierowania pojazdami przez osoby głuche poprzez stworzenie takich warunków egzaminowania, które usuną bariery w dostępie do uzyskania uprawnienia. Ustawodawca w obowiązujących przepisach nie traktował równo wszystkich przystępujących do egzaminów, ponieważ nie przewidywał możliwości weryfikacji wiedzy teoretycznej części obywateli, którzy z racji niepełnosprawności, nie posługują się językiem polskim. Obciążenie niewykonalnymi obowiązkami osób wymagających dodatkowej troski ze strony państwa nie znajdowało uzasadnienia na gruncie zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej, wręcz przeciwnie, pogłębiało niesprawiedliwe traktowanie osób niepełnosprawnych. Skoro według ustawodawcy, osoby niepełnosprawne mogą zdobyć uprawnienia do kierowania pojazdami, to nieracjonalne jest pozbawienie ich tej możliwości wyłącznie z powodu braku odpowiedniego testu egzaminacyjnego oraz z braku możliwości porozumienia w samochodzie. Przepisy regulujące zasady egzaminowania na kierowców nie przewidują żadnych odstępstw od obowiązującego powszechnie kanonu. Tym samym ograniczają prawo osób niesłyszących do samodzielnego prowadzenia życia i swobodnego przemieszczania się, na takich samych zasadach, z jakich korzystają osoby w pełni sprawne. Stawiają osoby niesłyszące w gorszej pozycji na rynku pracy, a w konsekwencji utrudniają możliwość stałego polepszania warunków życia ich samych oraz ich rodzin.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2018, 81, 3; 109-128
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Past, present and future of Public Service Broadcasting in Germany
Autorzy:
Khabyuk, Olexiy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
license fee
three step test
broadcasting council
administrative council
state interference
Opis:
Based on the dimensions of state interference proposed by Blumler and Gurevitch (1995), this paper follows their approach from an economic perspective. Therefore three alternative ways to provide broadcasting goods (the market, the state and the voluntary sector) are introduced. Next a historical overview of the German public service broadcasting is provided. Main legal provisions are described in theoretical remarks with focus on constitution of supervisory bodies of public service broadcasters. Ways and cases of political interventions are discussed there. The funding of public service broadcasters is depicted. Some recent developments are presented, related to the so-called “three step test” for new or changed online offerings of public service broadcasters. The German public service broadcasting sector is evaluated and visualized by means of the paradigm. Although different possibilities of state influence exist, German public service broadcasting can be characterized all in all as rather state-distant. New challenges arise, however, from the transformation process in public service media.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2010, 3, 1(4); 21-36
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Procedures for obtaining an engineering license in the USA and Canada
Autorzy:
Grebski, Michalene
Wolniak, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/326537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
engineering license
professional engineer
licensing procedure
uprawnienia inżynierskie
inżynier
procedura udzielania uprawnień
Opis:
The article focuses on the requirements and procedures for obtaining a professional engineering license in the United States (USA) and in Canada. The rights, privileges and responsibilities from being registered as a professional engineer are also discussed. The paper also provides information on engineering ethics and the liabilities that are associated with engineering projects. The occasional need to be registered simultaneously in more than one state or province are also discussed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2019, 136; 145-152
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ties that Bind? Real Estate Education in Europe and Regulatory Framework in Poland
Autorzy:
Marona, Bartłomiej
Głuszak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
real estate education
real estate professions
license limitations
Polish education
regulatory framework
Opis:
The main research goal was to explore the linkage between regulatory framework and university level real estate education in Poland. In order to achieve the research goal we analyzed the results of European and American to-date research into real estate education and we studied curricula from selected Polish universities for compliance with ministerial minimum requirements. Finally, we conducted a survey among students studying real estate economics from state universities with the best economics faculties in Poland. Based on the conducted research, it has been established that in their specialization choices Polish students are motivated mainly by pragmatic factors (professional prospects, possibility to obtain a broker’s or administrator’s license) and by interests. On the other hand, though, the research has revealed that in all the Polish schools surveyed curricula for the subject of real estate economics have been to a greater or lesser degree adjusted to the minimum programs connected with professional license system, and do not differ significantly from one another.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2014, 35; 187-201
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Approach to License Plate Recognition in Real Time Using Multi-stage Computational Intelligence Classifier
Autorzy:
Kekez, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
car license plates
LPR
ANPR
OCR
image processing
neural network
Random Forest
Opis:
Automatic car license plate recognition (LPR) is widely used nowadays. It involves plate localization in the image, character segmentation and optical character recognition. In this paper, a set of descriptors of image segments (characters) was proposed as well as a technique of multi-stage classification of letters and digits using cascade of neural network and several parallel Random Forest or classification tree or rule list classifiers. The proposed solution was applied to automated recognition of number plates which are composed of capital Latin letters and Arabic numerals. The paper presents an analysis of the accuracy of the obtained classifiers. The time needed to build the classifier and the time needed to classify characters using it are also presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 2; 275--280
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected aspects of road vehicle localisation
Wybrane aspekty lokalizacji pojazdów drogowych
Autorzy:
Jackowski, S.
Górska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
license plate recognition
automatic vehicle localization
GPS
rozpoznawanie tablic rejestracyjnych
automatyczna lokalizacja pojazdów
Opis:
The article discusses possibilities of integrating techniques for optical recognition of vehicles, e.g. by automatic numer plate analysis, with data transmission via wireless mobile networks in order to create mobility patterns for objects of interest. The collected data may be interpolated to fill gaps and to prove the coincidence of the observed vehicle’s presence at selected places with other events. Further, course prediction by means of extrapolation may be attempted. Several theoretical and practical aspects of data acquisition, transmission and analysis are studied in this article.
W artykule omówiono możliwości integracji techniki optycznego rozpoznawania pojazdów, na przykład przez automatyczną analizę znaków znajdujących się na tablicach rejestracyjnych, z przesyłaniem pozyskanych danych za pośrednictwem heterogenicznej sieci telekomunikacyjnej w celu stworzenia modeli mobilności dla obiektów zainteresowania. Zgromadzone dane mogą być interpolowane celem weryfikacji obecności obserwowanego pojazdu w wybranych miejscach. Ponadto możliwe do określenia są dalsze przebiegi badanej trajektorii poprzez ekstrapolację. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty pozyskiwania danych, ich transmisji i analizy.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 12; 195-198
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Driver training challenges, barriers and needs arising from ADAS development
Autorzy:
Rodak, Aleksandra
Pełka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
automated vehicle
ADAS
driver training
driving license examination
szkolenie kierowców
egzamin na prawo jazdy
Opis:
Year to year, vehicles are becoming more advanced, and manufacturers offer newer support systems. Progressive technology development must be followed by relevant sociological changes, including establishing a proper user awareness level. Even though compulsory driver training, required before obtaining a license, consists of selected support features, e.g. ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), it does not provide novice drivers with the necessary practical skills and knowledge of all automation features available on the market. To reduce the human error factor, the European Parliament adopted new regulations, including minimum safety requirements for new vehicles. This paper identifies the gap between the current approach toward teaching automation and necessary changes that should be made to ensure road safety. It provides an overview of ADAS functions allowed to be used during driving license exam of category B in different European countries. Moreover, the publication contains results of work carried out under the Trustonomy project. Outcomes obtained from the questionnaires were used to develop new driver training curricula. The publication discusses the developments of a survey conducted among 83 Polish drivers and 91 car fleet managers. The paper reveals their attitude and expectations towards driver training. The results indicate that despite the awareness of ADAS's positive impact on safety (80% of drivers vote, 96% of car fleet managers votes), man people still didn't take part in any training and still do not know how to use systems properly. Even more worrying is the fact that more than 50% of drivers admitted they acquired knowledge about system operation based on their own mistakes. Many responders expressed their interest in acquiring new knowledge. This situation indicates an urgent need to introduce changes to the driver training system. Therefore, the publication highlights different regulatory boundaries across Europe and stresses the need to update existing curricula to introduce proper automation-related training.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2023, 67, 3; 21--34
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to standard essential patents and antitrust enforcement: the case for licensing component manufacturers
Autorzy:
Sikorski, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
standard essential patents (SEPs)
FRAND licenses
refusal to license
licensing at component level
technical standards
Opis:
The ability to compete on numerous markets today depends on access to technological standards. When standards are protected by standard essential patents (SEP), a license to use such SEPs will be required. There have been numerous disputes in various jurisdictions over refusals to license SEPs. Most recently, disputes concern access to SEPs by the manufacturers of components. Some SEP holders deny access to their standard essential patents to component manufacturers and prefer to license end product producers. This practice has become a highly contentious issue around the world. In particular, manufacturers of components who are denied access to SEPs claim that such refusals amount to violations of competition rules. The author examines this highly contested practice is an attempt to show when denying access to an SEP license could harm competition.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2020, 82, 2; 19-33
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 25

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies