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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Cognitive effects of attentional training depend on attentional control
    Autorzy:
    Paulewicz, Borysław
    Blaut, Agata
    Kłosowska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430593.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    attentional bias
    anxiety
    attentional control
    cognitive bias modification
    Opis:
    Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training, only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate, cognitive effects of attentional bias modifi cation and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required for attentional training to be effi cient.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 4; 272-277
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    POLITICAL PARANOIA - A RULE OR A CHANCE?
    Autorzy:
    Kasińska-Metryka, Agnieszka
    Miernik, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    political paranoia
    public opinion
    cognitive bias
    irrationality
    Opis:
    Politics is a particular field of social activity where accusing an opponent of mental incapacitation occurs as a frequent element of the conducted narrative. Moreover, public opinion discrediting a profession of a politician is very eager to question the mental health of political actors. Vocabulary used in the public is a vital testimony of societies attitude towards people with mental disorders. However, we refer paranoia to personality traits of individuals while political paranoia refers to reaction to events, facts or to the way it is seen by individuals or groups. The authors do not have any ambition to carry out a psychological analysis of politicians. What is intriguing is the issue of using political paranoia (searching for enemies, tracking plots, fighting in defence of ideals, irrational justification of failures) in the group spectrum for elections. What is also intriguing is the answer to the question whether politicians are paranoid, or it is a well-planned election strategy which aims to identify an opponent to consolidate a group of voters around the leader.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 139-150
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Memory bias training by means of the emotional short-term memory task
    Autorzy:
    Paulewicz, Borysław
    Blaut, Agata
    Gronostaj, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430368.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory bias
    mood congruent memory
    depression
    cognitive bias modification
    Opis:
    According to major cognitive theories of emotional disorders cognitive biases are partly responsible for their onset and maintenance. The direct test of this assumption is possible only if experimental method capable of altering a given form of cognitive bias is available. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel implicit memory bias training procedure based on the emotional version of the classical Sternberg’s short-term memory task with negative, neutral and positive words. 108 participants, who completed the PANAS and the CES-D questionnaires, were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 33), the No-Negative group (n = 36), in which the target words in the Sternberg’s task were either positive or neutral but never negative or the Negative-New group (n = 39) in which the negative target words in the modified Sternberg’s task were always new. This training was followed by the recollection stage. Only one of the training protocols resulted in significant effects at the recall stage - individuals in the No-Negative group recalled more positive words and fewer negative words than those in the control group. These results show that it may be possible to experimentally induce memory bias characteristic of non-depressed individuals.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 1; 122-126
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Afterthoughts on biases in history perception
    Autorzy:
    Dymkowski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430109.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cognitive bias
    common-sense psychology
    historical interpretation
    history perception
    Opis:
    Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 2; 84-90
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Trigger Effect: Cognitive Biases and Fake News
    Autorzy:
    Ostillio, Tommaso
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/600637.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    populism
    online media
    cognitive bias
    impulsive behavior
    political discourse
    social media
    Opis:
    This research study focuses on the problem of populistic propaganda online. In particular, this research study provides three case studies gathered in a Facebook Group of the Italian populistic movement Movimento 5 Stelle. On the one hand, the three case studies provide three powerful counterexamples to the thesis that online media are purposeful aggregator of people. In fact, this research study finds that online media are the perfect environment for populism to thrive. For online media seem to foster the aggregation of people into groups whose main common denominator is the total refusal of anything that opposes the groups’ views. On this basis, this paper provides evidence that online media may impoverish democratic confrontation. On the other hand, this paper finds that the one of the causes of the rapid rise of populistic movements in Western countries might also be related to the problem of cognitive biases. Indeed, the case studies presented in the paper posit the existence of something that is addressed as the trigger effect, i.e. agents’ tendency to react impulsively to any kind of content that fits agent’s views about current events. Specifically, this research study finds that the activation of the trigger effect might be a direct consequence of the activation of the narrow framing bias and of the anchoring heuristic in presence of fake news.
    Źródło:
    Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris; 2019, 44, 1; 86-104
    1689-4286
    Pojawia się w:
    Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Human Governance Problem: Complex Systems and the Limits of Human Cognition
    Autorzy:
    Atreides, Kyrtin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31233773.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
    Tematy:
    e-Governance
    complexity
    cognitive bandwidth
    AGI
    Artificial General Intelligence
    scalability
    tool AI
    cognitive bias
    Opis:
    The impact of complexity within government and societal systems is considered relative to the limitations of human cognitive bandwidth, and the resulting reliance on cognitive biases and systems of automation when that bandwidth is exceeded. Examples of how humans and societies have attempted to cope with the growing difference between the rate at which the complexity of systems and human cognitive capacities increase respectively are considered. The potential of and urgent need for systems capable of handling the existing and future complexity of systems, utilizing greater cognitive bandwidth through scalable AGI, are also considered, along with the practical limitations and considerations in how those systems may be deployed in real-world conditions. Several paradoxes resulting from the influence of prolific Narrow Tool AI systems manipulating large portions of the population are also noted.
    Źródło:
    Filozofia i Nauka; 2023, 11; 37-64
    2300-4711
    2545-1936
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozofia i Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Project management in behavioural perspective – cognitive biases in the formulation of the aim of the project
    Autorzy:
    Kiełczewski, D.
    Matel, A.
    Poskrobko, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398996.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    project management
    behavioural economics
    cognitive bias
    aim of project
    zarządzanie projektami
    ekonomia behawioralna
    błąd poznawczy
    cel projektu
    Opis:
    The article contains a behavioural analysis of the aim-formulating stage of the project. The purpose of the article is to point out that in the process of formulating the aim of the project, it comes to such decision-making situations which favour heuristic thinking. The article presents the results of the secondary research. As a result of verified theory, according to which in the process of formulating the aim of the project, the interference in decision-making processes may occur on the part of the heuristics and the resulting cognitive biases.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia i Zarządzanie; 2016, 8, 3; 70-78
    2080-9646
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia i Zarządzanie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Scientific Misinformation in the Light of the Smart World and Smart Organizations. Imperatives and Challenges
    Ujęcie dezinformacji naukowej w kontekście wymagań i wyzwań inteligentnego świata i inteligentnych organizacji
    Autorzy:
    Żukowska, Joanna
    Mikołajewska, Agnieszka
    Staniszewska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45677448.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-07-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    smart world
    Industry 4.0
    smart organization
    pseudoscience
    fake news
    predatory journals
    cognitive bias
    misinformation
    inteligentny świat
    Przemysł 4.0
    inteligentna organizacja
    pseudonauka
    drapieżne czasopisma
    błąd poznawczy
    dezinformacja naukowa
    Opis:
    Purpose: The purpose of the article is to focus on the topic of scientific misinformation, addressing key concepts and related issues covered over the last decade in publications in the following databases: Emerald, Ebsco, and Springer. The authors attempt to answer the question on the causes of the emergence of fake science and draw attention to the consequences of pseudoscience in the smart world shaped by technological advances in the fourth industrial revolution. As a practical premise, the article discusses the methods of combating pseudoscience and refers to the measures undertaken in this matter. Design/methodology/approach: The method of desk research; the frequency analysis of misinformation related terms, especially in the context of the smart world and smart organizations. Findings: The analyses of the theoretical aspect of fake science lead to the conclusion that due to the complexity of the phenomenon and significant negative social impact, the issue of scientific misinformation requires further empirical exploration as it remains a challenge for all stakeholders in society, organizations themselves included. The need to challenge false science is especially essential in the context of internetworked and knowledge-driven, smart organizations, which are becoming popular in the smart world. As information can be distorted, exaggerated, or fabricated to mislead recipients on purpose, organizations need to get involved in the prevention of misinformation as well. Research limitations/implications: It should be emphasized that this article is a theoretical introduction to the problem of scientific misinformation which requires further research on the reliability of scientific studies, especially in the field of institutional structures that enable the publication of works and data of low scientific quality. Originality/value: The article touches upon an essential and current issue for the field of both management science and organizations, although it should be treated as just an introduction to the problem concerned.
    Cel: przedstawienie zagadnienia dezinformacji naukowej, z uwzględnieniem kluczowych pojęć i aspektów podejmowanych w ciągu ostatniej dekady w publikacjach dostępnych w bazach danych: Emerald, Ebsco i Springer, zwłaszcza w kontekście smart world i inteligentnych organizacji. W artykule omówiono sposoby walki z pseudonauką i wskazano na działania podejmowane w tym zakresie. Autorki podejmują próbę wskazania przyczyn powstawania dezinformacji naukowej oraz konsekwencji występowania tego zjawiska w inteligentnym świecie kształtowanym przez postęp technologiczny czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej. Metodologia: analizę oparto na kwerendzie artykułów i analizie częstotliwości występowania pojęć związanych z dezinformacją naukową. Wyniki: analiza zagadnienia dezinformacji naukowej w ujęciu teoretycznym prowadzi do wniosku, że ze względu na złożoność zjawiska i negatywny wpływ, jaki dezinformacja wywiera na społeczeństwo, będąc wyzwaniem dla organizacji i interesariuszy, zagadnienie to wymaga dalszych badań empirycznych. Potrzeba zwalczania dezinformacji naukowej jest szczególnie istotna w kontekście inteligentnych organizacji opartych na sieci internetowej, bazujących na wiedzy, prowadzących działalność w inteligentnym świecie. Ponieważ informacje mogą być zniekształcone, wyolbrzymione lub celowo wymyślone, aby wprowadzić odbiorców w błąd, same organizacje stają przed wyzwaniem zapobiegania dezinformacji. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: artykuł stanowi teoretyczne wprowadzenie do problemu dezinformacji naukowej, wymagającej dalszych badań nad wiarygodnością opracowań naukowych, zwłaszcza w zakresie struktur instytucjonalnych umożliwiających publikowanie prac i danych o niskiej jakości. Oryginalność/wartość: artykuł porusza istotne i aktualne zagadnienie z punktu widzenia zarówno nauk o zarządzaniu, jak i organizacji.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Zarządzania; 2022, 20, 2(96); 252-268
    1644-9584
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Zarządzania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of metacognitive self on confirmation bias revealed in relation to community and competence
    Autorzy:
    Brycz, Hanna
    Wyszomirska-Góra, Magdalena
    Bar-Tal, Yoram
    Wiśniewski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    metacognitive self
    social perception
    community
    competence
    cognitive biases
    confirmation bias
    Opis:
    The main goal of our study was to investigate the role of insight into one’s own biases (metacognitive self) in the process of hypothesis validation in accordance to the two fundamental social perception domains (community and competence) on the example of confirmation bias. The study was conducted on a group of 593 participants with the use of a confirmation bias procedure, a free recall procedure and the Metacognitive Self scale. We manipulated with the domain and the value of information given to the respondents. We suspected that individuals with a high metacognitive self, in opposition to low metacognitive self ones, would not process the given information according to the two fundamental social perception domains. The results verified the existence of an interaction effect of the metacognitive self (MCS) and the domain of the information given about a perceived person on the susceptibility to follow the confirmation bias. Contrary to the low metacognitive self individuals, who show a higher tendency for the confirmation bias within the competence than the community domain, persons with a high insight into their own biases express the same level of confirmation bias in no respect to the domain of the information. The value of the information has no significant influence.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 306-311
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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