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Wyszukujesz frazę "Nuclear power" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
Autorzy:
Szewczuk-Krypa, N.
Drosińska-Komor, M.
Głuch, J.
Breńkacz, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
HTGR
nuclear power plants
floating marine plants
nuclear power
Opis:
The article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems. The other system is the power plant with gas turbine, in which the combustion chamber has been replaced with the HTGR. For this system, a number of calculations were also performed to assess its efficiency. Moreover, the article names factors in favour of floating nuclear power plants with HTGRs, which, due to passive safety systems, are exposed to much smaller risk of breakdown than other types of reactors which were in common use in the past. Along with safety aspects, it is also economic and social aspect which make the use of this type of systems advisable.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, S 1; 204-210
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Japan Returns to Atom. Current Status and Prospects of the Japanese Nuclear Energy
Autorzy:
Tolak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
nuclear energy
nuclear power plant
Japan
energy cost
Opis:
In a year and a half after the events of March 2011, Japan excluded all their nuclear reactors, returning to fossil fuels as a basis in the energy field. The shock associated with nuclear disaster seemed to indicate an ultimate end of Japanese adventure with the atom. The situation has, however, significantly changed during the last several months, and the first nuclear reactor connected again to the electric network, is a proof of the change of the energy policy. The article aims to identify the current state of knowledge on the future of nuclear energy in the Japanese energy sector and adjustments proposed in the future energy mix. At the same time, it is an attempt to analyze the reasons that led the current Government of Prime Minister Abe to take very unpopular decisions to return to nuclear energy.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2015, 2 (22); 135-144
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opportunities and threats for the introduction of nuclear power in Poland
Autorzy:
Potyrańska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
nuclear power engineering
nuclear power plant in Poland
energy security
diversification of energy sources
Polish energy policy
Opis:
The goal of the study is to show the potential for nuclear power development in Poland. SWOT and PEEST analyses were used, which in a multifaceted way showed the opportunities and threats of investment in this project. Based on the draft document Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 (PEP2040), the plans and actions aimed at the construction of the first Polish nuclear power plant are presented. The review of the operating costs of a nuclear power plant has made it possible to analyse the efficiency of nuclear investment by comparing the expected costs with the achievable results. It has been shown that obtaining energy from uranium will contribute to the country's energy security, competitiveness of the economy, and improvement in air quality in the long term. Diversification of energy sources will allow Poland to become more energy independent and adapt its energy sector to climate challenges.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2019, 2 (4); 36-48
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of eurointegration on the transformation of the political-legal system of Ukraine in the field of nuclear safety
Autorzy:
Kaliuzhna, Yuliia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20434449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
nuclear power plant
nuclear safety
eurointegration
Euratom
WENRA
IAEA
Opis:
This article deals with the most pressing issues in the modern political-legal and security information agenda. The active hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have placed the world, and in particular the European Union, under the threat of a new artificial nuclear catastrophe, which could be provoked by the provocative actions of the Russian army at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. Considering the relevance of the issue, the object of study is the political and legal system of Ukraine in the context of nuclear safety, which has undergone significant changes under the influence of European integration. For comprehensive coverage of the issue, the study examines the evolution of nuclear safety both in Ukraine and the European Union. Particular attention is paid to both the development of legislation and the formation of regulatory authorities. An important component of this study is a detailed analysis of the legal framework of both Ukraine and the European Union. Due to this, it was possible to clearly determine the scale of influence of the specific legislative acts. The study confirmed the impact of European integration on the main laws of Ukraine related to nuclear safety and the need to bring Ukrainian nuclear safety regulatory documents into line with the legislation of the European Union. This article deals with the EU supranational regulators such as WENRA and ENSREG have a significant impact on the regulatory and legal framework for nuclear safety. Ukraine made many commitments to improve control and develop its own regulatory body – the State Regulatory Inspectorate, which received significant autonomy under the influence of European initiatives. It should be stated that the influence of European integration as a political process is so profound that it leads to conceptual changes in the legislative and even institutional framework. The conclusions provide a few suggestions for improving the response system to factors such as hostilities, including at the legal level.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 25; 23-46
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy security in the context of nuclear energy - threat analysis with the use of the GIS tools
Autorzy:
Ogrodniczak, Michał
Ryba, Joanna
Ryba, Błażej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
energy policy
energy security
nuclear power plant
Opis:
This article presents Poland's approach to energy security in legal acts, possible threats for the environment posed by construction and exploitation of a nuclear power plant, and threats posed by human's direct activity, to which a separate chapter is devoted. This article also shows the potential of the Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, which enable not only gathering spatial data, but also processing and visualising it. The aim of the geoinformation systems is data analysis, which eases decision-making.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 355-364
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nuclear Co-generation: The Analysis of Technical Capabilities and Cost Estimates
Kogeneracja jądrowa: analiza technicznych możliwości i szacowanie kosztów
Autorzy:
Reński, A.
Duzinkiewicz, K.
Minkiewicz, T.
Jaskólski, M.
Kaczmarek-Kacprzak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
ENERGA
Tematy:
nuclear power
co-generation
energetyka jądrowa
kogeneracja
Opis:
This paper presents a concept of the parallel connection of a nuclear power plant fitted to provide heat for district heating application, with the CHP and heat plants existing in the supply region, in this case with the heating systems of Wejherowo and Gdynia. Presented variant proposes to add heat to a nuclear power plant’s total output by supplying heat exchangers with the steam from bleeders of low pressure (LP) turbine stage and from the crossover pipe between its high pressure (HP) and intermediate pressure (IP) stages. A detailed diagram of the EPR nuclear turbine system adapted to supply district heat is also presented. Also determined are the formulas for: electric power output of a nuclear CHP plant; electric power generated strictly in cogeneration, and the decrease in the electric power and energy resulting from the operation in cogeneration mode. Finally, the profitability (competitiveness) criteria for a nuclear power plant adapted to supply district heat in a selected heat supply region were proposed.
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję równoległego połączenia elektrowni jądrowej, przystosowanej do oddawania ciepła do celów grzejnych, z istniejącymi elektrociepłowniami i ciepłowniami w rejonie zasilania, w tym przypadku z ciepłowniczymi systemami Wejherowa i Gdyni. Zaproponowano warianty uciepłownienia elektrowni jądrowej, w postaci zasilania wymienników ciepłowniczych parą pobieraną z upustów części niskoprężnej turbiny oraz z przelotni. Zaprezentowano także szczegółowy schemat układu turbinowego uciepłownionej elektrowni jądrowej z reaktorem EPR. Wyznaczono również zależności na moc elektryczną uciepłownionej elektrowni jądrowej, moc elektryczną wytworzoną ściśle w skojarzeniu oraz ubytek mocy elektrycznej i energii elektrycznej na skutek uciepłownienia elektrowni jądrowej. Na koniec podano warunki opłacalności (konkurencyjności) uciepłownionej elektrowni jądrowej dla wybranego rejonu zasilania w ciepło.
Źródło:
Acta Energetica; 2016, 3; 121-127
2300-3022
Pojawia się w:
Acta Energetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic model of nuclear power plant steam turbine
Autorzy:
Kulkowski, K.
Kobylarz, A.
Grochowski, M.
Duzinkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nuclear power plant
steam turbine
modeling
control
Opis:
The paper presents the dynamic multivariable model of Nuclear Power Plant steam turbine. Nature of the processes occurring in a steam turbine causes a task of modeling it very difficult, especially when this model is intended to be used for on-line optimal process control (model based) over wide range of operating conditions caused by changing power demand. Particular property of developed model is that it enables calculations evaluated directly from the input to the output, including pressure drop at the stages. As the input, model takes opening degree of valve and steam properties: mass flow and pressure. Moreover, it allows access to many internal variables (besides input and output) describing processes within the turbine. The model is compared with the static steam turbine model and then verified by using archive data gained from researches within previous Polish Nuclear Power Programme. Presented case study concerns the WWER-440 steam turbine that was supposed to be used in ˙ Zarnowiec. Simulation carried out shows compliance of the static and dynamic models with the benchmark data, in a steady state conditions. Dynamic model also shows good behavior over the transient conditions.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2015, 25, 1; 65-86
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proposal of a Logistics Solution for an Emergency at a Nuclear Facility
Autorzy:
Végsöová, Oľga
Straka, Martin
Kyšeľa, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
environmental protection
nuclear power plant
emergency
logistics
evacuation
Opis:
This paper examines the evacuation of people in the event of an emergency caused at a nuclear facility. The study describes the emergency preparedness of the Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant. The paper describes the proposal of the logistics solution and the implementation of protective and emergency preparation, which is determined by the internal emergency plan, based on the information flow in the event of an emergency and the activities of individual emergency response units. The above results indicate that the fewer people there are in one evacuated group, the longer the evacuation time will be. However, the reason is not the length of time to get to the assembly point itself, but the number of groups that must be created and therefore the higher number of trips that firefighters have to take. The optimal way to carry out this process safely, in the shortest possible time, could be to set up more groups of escorting firefighters, who would accompany groups with smaller numbers of evacuees. Strict preparation and adherence to pre-prepared instructions, based on logistical principles in the event of an emergency at a nuclear facility, minimizes loss of life and harm to the health of persons, and also damage to property or the environment.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 1; 156-170
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corrosion mechanisms and their consequences for nuclear power Plants
Autorzy:
Berg, H.-P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
corrosion
corrosion types
operating experience
nuclear power plants
Opis:
It is well known that operational conditions in light water reactors strongly influence the corrosion processes. This paper gives an overview which types of corrosion are identified in operating practice based on the evaluation of events which are reported to the authorities in line with the German reporting criteria. It has been found that the main contributor is the stress corrosion cracking. Several examples of different corrosion mechanisms and their consequences are provided for PWR although a high standard of quality of structures, systems and components has been achieved. Recommendations have been given to check the plant specifications concerning the use of auxiliary materials or fluids during maintenance as well as to examine visually the outer surfaces of austenitic piping with regard to residua of adhesive or adhesive tapes within the framework of in-service inspections. However, events in the last two years shows that such problems cannot be totally avoided.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2009, 1; 23--32
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected aspects of the choice of live steam pressure in PWR nuclear power plant
Autorzy:
Laskowski, Rafał
Smyk, Adam
Jurkowski, Romuald
Ancé, Julien
Wołowicz, Marcin
Uzunow, Nikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
live steam
pressure
efficiency
power output
nuclear power plant
nuclear
power
plant
performance
entropy balance
Opis:
In commercially available generation III and III+ PWR (pressurized water reactor) reactors, pressure of steam produced in steam generators varies in a relatively wide range from 5.7 to 7.8 MPa. Therefore, it is important to ask which value of steam pressure should be used for a specific unit, taking into account different location conditions, the size of the power system and conditions of operation with other sources of electricity generation. The paper analyzes the effect of steam pressure at the outlet of a steam generator on the performance of a PWR nuclear power plant by presenting changes in gross and net power and efficiency of the unit for steam pressures in the range of 6.8 to 7.8 MPa. In order to determine losses in the thermal system of the PWR power plant, in particular those caused by flow resistance and live steam throttling between the steam generator and the turbine inlet, results concerning entropy generation in the thermal system of the power plant have been presented. A model of a nuclear power plant was developed using the Ebsilon software and validated based on data concerning the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR (evolutionary power reactor) power plant. The calculations in the model were done for design conditions and for a constant thermal power of the steam generator. Under nominal conditions of the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR power unit, steam pressure is about 7.8 MPa and the steam dryness fraction is 0.997. The analysis indicates that in the assumed range of live steam pressure the gross power output and efficiency increase by 32 MW and 0.735 percentage point, respectively, and the net power output and efficiency increase by 27.8 MW and 0.638 percentage point, respectively. In the case of all types of commercially available PWR reactors, water pressure in the primary circuit is in the range of 15.5−16.0 MPa. For such pressure, reducing the live steam pressure leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the unit. Although a higher steam pressure increases the efficiency of the system, it is necessary to take into account the limitations resulting from technical and economic criteria as well as operating conditions of the primary circuit, including the necessary DNBR (departure from nucleate boiling ratio) margin. For the above reasons, increasing the live steam pressure above 7.8 MPa (the value used in EPR units that have already been completed) is unjustified, as it is associated with higher costs of the steam generator and the high-pressure part of the turbine.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2022, 43, 3; 85--109
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trends in radiochemistry at the beginning of the 21st century
Autorzy:
Narbutt, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiochemistry
nuclear power
radiopharmaceutical chemistry
chemistry of radioelements
radionuclides
Opis:
A review on selected - the most important and most prospective - directions of the present-day radiochemistry has been presented, with a special emphasis on the research carried out at the Department of Radiochemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50,suppl.3; 77-81
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human factors in nuclear power engineering in polish conditions
Czynnik ludzki w energetyce jądrowej w krajowych realiach
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek-Kacprzak, A.
Catlow, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/266669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Elektrotechniki i Automatyki
Tematy:
human factor
nuclear power engineering
czynnik ludzki
energetyka jądrowa
Opis:
The paper “Human factors in nuclear power engineering in polish conditions” focuses on analysis of dynamics of preparing polish society to build first nuclear power plant in XXI century in Poland. Authors compare experience from constructing nuclear power plant Sizewell B (Great Britain) and Sizewell C, which is in preparation phase with polish nuclear power program. Paper includes aspects e.g. of creating nuclear safety culture and social opinion about investment. Human factors in nuclear power engineering are as well important as relevant economical and technical factors, but very often negligible. In Poland where history about Czarnobyl is still alive, and social opinion is created on emotions after accident in Fukushima, human factors are crucial and should be under comprehensive consideration.
“Czynnik ludzki w energetyce jądrowej w krajowych realiach” jest analizą rozwoju przygotowania polskiego społeczeństwa do budowy pierwszej elektrowni jądrowej w XXI wieku. Autorzy porównują doświadczenia z realizacji budowy elektrowni jądrowej Sizewell B w Wielkiej Brytania oraz przygotowania do realizacji planów budowy elektrowni jądrowej Sizewell C z polskim programem energetyki jądrowej. Artykuł porusza aspekty tj. kreowanie postaw kultury bezpieczeństwa jądrowego oraz opinii społecznej w odniesieniu do planowanych inwestycji. Czynnik ludzki w energetyce jądrowej jest tak samo ważny w eksploatacji oraz budowie elektrowni jądrowej jak aspekty ekonomiczne czy techniczne. Często jest on jednak lekceważony. W Polsce, gdzie pamięć o wydarzeniach z Czarnobyla jest wciąż żywa, a opina społeczna jest kształtowana na bazie emocji z awarii w Fukushimie, czynnik ludzik tym szczególnie musi być rozważany w jakichkolwiek działaniach podejmowanych w obszarze budowy polskiej elektrowni jądrowej.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej; 2013, 33; 35-38
1425-5766
2353-1290
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Concept of a Methodology for Selecting the Optimal Parameters of Heat Received from a Nuclear Power Plant Operating in a Partial Cogeneration Mode
Koncepcja metody wyboru optymalnych parametrów ciepła odbieranego z elektrowni jądrowej pracującej przy częściowym skojarzeniu
Autorzy:
Minkiewicz, T.
Reński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
ENERGA
Tematy:
cogeneration
nuclear power plant
optimisation
kogeneracja
elektrownia jądrowa
optymalizacja
Opis:
The paper presents the concept of the objective function which is to allow the selection of optimal parameters of the district heating system using a nuclear power plant operating in partial cogeneration mode. The concept is based on research carried out a number of years ago as part of [10]. The size of annual expenses was proposed as the objective function, which allows to compare the operation of a nuclear power plant in partial cogeneration with selected variants of supply to the heating system (combined heat and power station or conventional power plant and a conventional heating station). The analysis allows selecting the optimal structure of the heat supply system, which will provide the highest economic efficiency.
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję funkcji celu, która ma umożliwiać dobór optymalnych parametrów systemu zaopatrzenia w ciepło aglomeracji miejskiej z wykorzystaniem elektrowni jądrowej pracującej w częściowym skojarzeniu. Koncepcja opiera się na badaniach przeprowadzonych przed laty w ramach pracy [10]. Jako funkcję celu zaproponowano wielkość kosztów rocznych, co pozwala na porównanie pracy uciepłownionej elektrowni jądrowej z wybranymi wariantami zasilania systemu ciepłowniczego (elektrociepłownia lub elektrownia konwencjonalna oraz ciepłownia klasyczna). Analiza umożliwia dokonanie wyboru optymalnej struktury systemu zaopatrzenia w ciepło, która zapewni najwyższą efektywność ekonomiczną.
Źródło:
Acta Energetica; 2017, 1; 64-70
2300-3022
Pojawia się w:
Acta Energetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of regularities of ground-level air radionuclide contamination at the Russian coast of the Baltic Sea in the course of the long-term Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (1983-1999) operation
Autorzy:
Blinova, L.
Goloubeva, L.
Dushin, V.
Michurina, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air contamination
artificial radionuclides
7Be
nuclear power plant
Opis:
Long-term results of ground-level air radionuclide contamination at the Russian coast of the Baltic Sea (nuclear facilities in the vicinity of the town of Sosnovy Bor) are under consideration. As compared with 1992-1997 [1], the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) equipment hermetic sealing (in 1998-1999) caused both the reduction of detection frequency of 131I aerosol and the maximum concentrations of 137Cs in the ground-level air at the NPP site. Long-term weekly nuclides' concentration time series were examined by the correlation analysis. Results of the analysis are presented. The seasonal fluctuations of 7Be concentrations in the ground-level air were examined by the harmonic (Fourier) analysis. The seasonal fluctuations of its concentrations with the maximum in spring-summer period are shown.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 4; 179-182
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of nuclear energy for military and civilian purposes safety in the nuclear power industry
Autorzy:
Jóźwik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
nuclear energy
chain reaction
nuclear reactor
safety systems
programme for the nuclear power industry
Opis:
The purpose of the article was to gather the basic information about the mechanism behind nuclear energy formation and the types of reactors, already built worldwide or potentially planned for construction in the near future, and to present the history of the beginnings of nuclear power in Poland. The issues of the safety of reactors, independent safety assurance systems and systems for emergency shutdown of a reactor are discussed in more detail. The problem of responsibility for the safety of nuclear equipment is also examined, including the relevant authority and method for such safety inspection. The initiatives taken in Poland in connection with the programme for the nuclear power industry are also described.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2017, 3; 106-123
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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