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Tytuł:
Historical determinants of the British separateness in the context of Brexit
Autorzy:
Pawlas, Iwona
Danowska-Prokop, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Brexit
Great Britain
history
separateness
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims at identifying, discussing and and evaluating historical determinants of the British/English separateness.  RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Brexit is the sign of disintegration tendencies within the EU. Wide literature studies indicated a research gap regarding the historical determinants of the British/English separateness. The research was conducted with the application of the research methods: literature studies, critical thinking, inductive and deductive reasoning, nomothetic analysis.  THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The line of reasoning consists of three essential elements. At first, Brexit literature review was conducted. The next part focuses on the dynamics of the process of Brexit. The final part concentrates on the analysis of historical economic and political sources of separateness of England / Great Britain. RESEARCH RESULTS: The conducted research made it possible to prove hypothesis according to which Brexit is yet another example of separateness of Great Britain, while separateness of Great Britain results from numerous historical determinants and – on the other hand – history of Great Britain brings numerus reasons for and indications of its separateness.   CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMEDATIONS: The specific path of England to the position of world leader has left its mark not only on social relations, but also on the mentality of the English. It confirmed their belief in the uniqueness and difference as compared to other nations, which in turn nourished the tradition and traditional way of life, especially in older generations. The above stated regularity has been confirmed by the referendum on leaving the EU. The obtained research results suggest that the British separateness and its historical determinants should be considered as essential factor in the process of post-Brexit relations between the EU and the UK – both in regard to political aspects  and practical issues.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2019, 10, 32; 87-104
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The British Government and the Naval Disarmament Conference in Geneva (1927)
Autorzy:
Szudarek, Krystian Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1627328.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Great Britain
naval disarmament
Coolidge Conference
Opis:
Morska konferencja rozbrojeniowa w Genewie (20 czerwca – 4 sierpnia 1927 r.) została zwołana z inicjatywy amerykańskiego prezydenta Calvina Coolidge’a i miała stanowić kontynuację procesu zapoczątkowanego na Konferencji Waszyngtońskiej (12 listopada 1921 r. – 6 lutego 1922 r.). Na konferencji w Waszyngtonie ustalono stosunek sił morskich Imperium Brytyjskiego, Stanów Zjednoczonych, Japonii, Francji i Włoch w klasie pancerników i lotniskowców według ratio: 5 : 5 : 3 : 1,75 : 1,75. Na konferencji Coolidge’a w 1927 roku strona amerykańska dążyła do uzyskania w traktacie międzynarodowym parytetu pomiędzy US Navy i Royal Navy we wszystkich klasach okrętów wojennych. Brytyjski rząd przyjął zaproszenie na konferencję w 1927 roku wychodząc z założenia, że delegacja brytyjska zdoła w Genewie przeforsować własny plan rozbrojenia opracowany przez Admiralicję. Polegał on na modyfikacji zasad traktatu waszyngtońskiego w taki sposób, aby zapewnić oszczędności finansowe, ale jednocześnie zachować bezpieczeństwo Imperium Brytyjskiego. Głównymi elementami brytyjskiego planu było: wydłużenie okresu pozostawania w służbie pancerników i lotniskowców, redukcja kalibru dział i wyporności pancerników, wprowadzenie traktatowego podziału krążowników na ciężkie i lekkie oraz nałożenie ograniczeń ilościowych tylko na krążowniki ciężkie. Brytyjski plan spotkał się ze zdecydowaną opozycją delegacji amerykańskiej. Próby opracowania kompromisowego porozumienia w sprawie parytetu pomiędzy flotą brytyjską i amerykańską w klasie krążowników zakończyły się niepowodzeniem, a konferencja zakończyła się fiaskiem. Przesądziły o tym względy strategiczne, polityczne i ekonomiczne. Admiralicja była przeciwna porozumieniu, które narażało na szwank bezpieczeństwo Imperium Brytyjskiego, a większość członków rządu brytyjskiego uważała, że niepowodzenie konferencji będzie mniejszym złem niż kapitulacja przed żądaniami amerykańskimi. Dyplomacja brytyjska dążyła do ustalenia wspólnego stanowiska z delegacją japońską, aby odium za niepowodzenie konferencji skierować na przedstawicieli Waszyngtonu.
The Naval Disarmament Conference was held in Geneva between 20 June – 4 August 1927 on the initiative of the American President Calvin Coolidge. It was a continuation of the process initiated during the Washington Conference (12 November 1921 – 6 February 1922). It was then that Great Britain, the United States of America, Japan, France and Italy determined the ratio of the naval forces in the class of battleships and aircraft carriers in line with the following: 5 : 5 : 3 : 1.75 : 1.75. During the so-called Coolidge Conference (1927) the American party did its best to conclude an international treaty and consequently achieve parity between the US Navy and Royal Navy in all classes of warships. The British government accepted an invitation to the Geneva Conference (1927) assuming that their delegation would succeed in forcing through the disarmament plan formulated by the Admiralty. The plan was aimed at modifying the Washington Treaty in order that the British Empire could make savings and at the same time improve her national security. The British plan was aimed at prolonging the service life of battleships and aircraft carriers, reducing the displacement and calibre of guns carried by battleships, and, last but not least, dividing the cruisers into heavy and light as well as imposing limitations only on the number of the former. The British plan met with strong objection from the American delegation. Attempts made to reach a consensus over parity between the Royal and US Navy in the class of cruisers were unsuccessful, and the conference eventually turned into a fiasco. Such a state of affairs had to do with strategic, political and economic issues. The Admiralty opposed to reaching an agreement which put the security of the British Empire at a serious risk, and the majority of the British ministers were inclined to believe that the conference breakdown would be lesser evil than agreeing to the American demands. The British diplomats strove for adopting a common stance with the Japanese delegation in order that the responsibility for the conference collapse rested with the American party.
Źródło:
Studia Maritima; 2014, 27, 1; 87-151
0137-3587
2353-303X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Maritima
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The evolution of British immigrant integration policy after World War II: a historical and political science perspective
Autorzy:
Kurcewicz, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625402.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
migration
Great Britain
integration model
immigrant
Opis:
The paper presents the evolution of the British model of immigrant integration after World War II. It is a historical and political analysis. The author indicates the key elements of the British approach to decolonisation which were translated into concrete legal acts regulating the lives of the Commonwealth residents and immigrants arriving in the UK. The paper also discusses different dimensions of the integration of immigrants into British society. The analysis indicates that the multicultural model of immigrant integration adopted after World War II has been found to be dysfunctional, as British society has reached a state of super-diversity, becoming a very complex mosaic of races, religions and nationalities.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2014, 8; 355-366
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studying Linguistics at the UK’s Universities
Autorzy:
Bidyuk, Natalya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Spraw Społecznych
Tematy:
linguistics
professional training
Great Britain
syllabus
education
Opis:
The article deals with the problem of professional training of linguists at the UK’s universities. Based on the data accumulated by UCAS it has been calculated that recent trends in university admission campaigns during 2008-2016 prove gradual but stable increase in the number of applicants wishing to pursue career in Linguistics. The characteristic features of the organization of linguists’ professional training have been outlined. It has been indicated that professional training of linguists at the UK’s universities is mainly oriented toward humanities; undergraduate and postgraduate education in Linguistics offers a wide range of qualifications. It has been mentioned that Quality Assurance Agency has developed Subject Benchmark Statement for Linguistics (for bachelor’s degrees with honours), where one can find what can be expected of a graduate in the subject, in terms of what they might know, do and understand at the end of their studies. It has been noted that after graduation future specialists in linguistics are in demand in a wide variety of industries.
Źródło:
Labor et Educatio; 2017, 5; 125-136
2353-4745
2544-0179
Pojawia się w:
Labor et Educatio
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Docodonts from the British Mesozoic
Autorzy:
Sigogneau-Russell, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Mesozoic
Great Britain
docodont
Docodonta
Mammalia
Berriasian
Bathonian
paleontology
Opis:
This paper deals with new docodont teeth from the upper Bathonian of Forest Marble, collected by Prof. K.A. Kermack and his team, and from the basal Cretaceous of the Purbeck Limestone Group, collected by P. Ensom. Study of this materialled to the recognition of three new taxa: Borealestes mussettisp. nov. and Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis gen. et sp. nov. from Forest Marble, Peraiocynodon majorsp. nov. from Purbeck; this makes the Bathonian locality the richest (four species) docodont locality so far known. The possible synonymy of Cyrtlatherium–Simpsonodon (Forest Marble) and of Peraiocynodon–Docodon (Purbeck−Morrison) suggested by several authors is discussed. In conclusion, phyletic relationships between the known docodont genera are proposed, based on lower molars.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2003, 48, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poles in Great Britain after 2004. An attempt at analysis of selected security aspects
Autorzy:
Piątek, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Security
migration
Great Britain
public security
public space
monitoring
Opis:
The multitude of defining the concept of security is related to the fact that representatives of various fields of science describe and perceive this phenomenon from the point of view of terminology, own knowledge, as well as from the scope of their discipline. For many security is a belief that you are out of the reach of any threat. Based on the Copenhagen school theory, the essence of the objective and subjective understanding of security was emphasized. Against this background, the movement of people was analyzed as a security issue. Poles living in Great Britain are more often in contact with this issue than in their country of origin. The scale of threats is extremely different. For Poles migrating to the UK, the most dangerous threats appear to be in the social sphere. The aim of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of Polish migration to Great Britain after 2004. Additionally, the process of describing security and its transition from the sphere of theory to practice was attempted. Although in the open public space, on city streets, parks and squares, there are personal threats related to crimes, as well as to social threats – attacks and assaults caused by frustrated and aggressive groups or individuals, Poles feel safe. Despite knowing about terrorism or manifestations of social or cultural phobias, Poles migrate to Great Britain. In addition, the article attempts to prove that the technological extension of public space leads to a sense of greater security.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 74-89
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Multifaceted Approach to the Feeling of Loneliness – The Phenomenon of Loneliness Among Polish Women in Great Great Britain
Autorzy:
Walczak, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-15
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
loneliness
causes of loneliness
consequences of loneliness
women
Great Britain
Opis:
Loneliness is a condition more and more often experienced by people regardless of their gender or age. The phenomenon of loneliness can be observed, among other things, in relation to cultural, social, economic, political transformations and life in emigration. The article is a proposal to define the circumstance of loneliness and show its multi-level structure. The text presents the causes and consequences of this state through which a person passes and experiences symptoms. The text is an attempt to answer the question whether Polish women living in Great Britain feel a sense of loneliness.
Źródło:
Zoon Politikon; 2019, 10; 102-124
2543-408X
Pojawia się w:
Zoon Politikon
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The First Treachery of the West. On the Book by Andrzej Nowak
Autorzy:
Kornat, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Versailles deal
Polish-Soviet War 1919–20
Great Britain
appeasement
Opis:
The Polish-Soviet War (1919–20) is one of the key events in the process of implementation of the Versailles order in Eastern Europe. Having saved the Versailles deal, the war gave the nations of Central and Eastern Europe an extremely valuable opportunity, for twenty years, to decide about themselves and build their own nation states on the remnants of three empires, which disintegrated in the aftermath of the geopolitical revolution brought by the Great War (1914–18). From the very beginning, the West did not understand the geopolitical significance of the Polish-Soviet War, seen as a local conflict of two countries, triggered by ‘Polish imperialism’.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2017, 124
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Caroline affair and the diplomatic crisis between Great Britain and the United States, 1837–1841
Autorzy:
Van Sang, Nguyen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Niepodległości
Tematy:
great britain
the united states
diplomatic crisis
caroline affair
mcleod case.
Opis:
Caroline affair has been one of the historical events of British-American diplomacy since the 1812 War to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842. The beginning of accident was the destruction of the American Caroline ship by British Army forces in Upper Canada on December 29, 1837. When the incident occurred, the Anglo-American opinion on this issue was in stark contrast. The differences in opinion were the causes of the tension between the two countries. In the threat of occurring war, Great Britain and the United States held talks on Caroline affair. Caroline's handling of the problem had played a significant role in reducing tensions, paving the way for resolving conflicts in the relationship between the two countries through the Webster-Ashburton treaty in 1842. At the same time, this issue established new principles in international politics. This article would contribute to the history of Caroline affair, McLeod case and the history of British-American relations related to this issue from 1837 to 1841.
Źródło:
Prawo i Polityka; 2018, 8; 73-83
2080-5799
Pojawia się w:
Prawo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Great Britain after Brexit – Is Breturn Possible?
Wielka Brytania po Brexicie – czy możliwy jest Breturn?
Autorzy:
Danel, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1871231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Brexit
Breturn
Great Britain
European Union
referendum
Wielka Brytania
Unia Europejska
Opis:
The article is devoted to the problem of further steps that Great Britain could take to break the stalemate in which it found itself after June 2016 when the British decided to leave the European Union. Despite making this decision, it turned out that its implementation was unexpectedly difficult, which in turn caused a political crisis in Great Britain that has not been seen in this country for a long time. The aim of the article is to try to find answers to two research questions. First of all, could the Brexit process – both from a legal and political point of view – have been stopped and reversed, for example, by holding a second referendum? Secondly, whether, since Brexit has become a fact, we can expect a quick return of Great Britain to the European Union (“Breturn”). Using the method of institutional and legal analysis and the content analysis method, the Author tries to prove the thesis that the idea of a second referendum seemed unlikely, and hence – Brexit was rather inevitable. As for “Breturn” – this scenario also looks unrealistic, as it would involve various legal and political obstacles as well as practical inconveniences for Great Britain.
Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi dalszych kroków, które Wielka Brytania mogła podjąć, by wybrnąć z impasu, w którym znalazła się po tym, gdy Brytyjczycy w czerwcu 2016 roku podjęli decyzję o wyjściu z Unii Europejskiej. Mimo podjęcia tej decyzji okazało się, że wprowadzenie jej w życie było nadspodziewanie trudne, co kolei wywołało w Wielkiej Brytanii kryzys polityczny, jakiego w kraju tym nie było od bardzo dawna. Celem artykułu jest próba znalezienia odpowiedzi na dwa pytania badawcze. Po pierwsze – czy proces Brexitu, zarówno z prawnego, jak i politycznego punktu widzenia, mógł zostać zatrzymany i odwrócony, przykładowo – w drodze drugiego referendum. Po drugie zaś, czy w związku z tym, że Brexit stał się faktem – możemy się spodziewać szybkiego powrotu Wielkiej Brytanii do Unii Europejskiej („Breturn”). Wykorzystując metodę analizy instytucjonalno- prawnej oraz metodę analizy treści, Autor stara się wykazać, że idea drugiego referendum wydawała się mało prawdopodobna, a co za tym idzie – Brexit był raczej nieunikniony. Jeśli zaś chodzi o „Breturn” – scenariusz taki również wygląda na mało realistyczny, gdyż jego ziszczenie wiązałoby się z różnego rodzaju przeszkodami natury prawnej i politycznej, jak również z praktycznymi niedogodnościami dla Wielkiej Brytanii.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2020, 67; 7-20
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BRITAIN’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Ronek, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Communities
European Union
United Kingdom
Great Britain
UK in the EU
Opis:
One of the most important factors affecting British politics is its membership to the European Communities (EC) and later the European Union (EU), which has already had massive implications for this country. The relationship between Britain and Europe has always been problematic. In Britain there has been little enthusiasm for European integration per se, and equally little understanding of the enthusiasm felt on the continent. Europe has been seen as a menace rather than an opportunity and very few British politicians have attempted to argue (as is commonplace on the continent) about monetary union, for instance, it is the only way of regaining control over financial policy. The European idea of pursuing economic integration as a means to political union has also been met with blank incomprehension, if not outright hostility. Britain has always been attempting to slow down the process of integration and, consequently, has often fallen behind and had no choice but to catch up. However, the portrayal of Britain as a “difficult partner” or “laggard leader” in European affairs is only partly justified. Based on its specific understanding of national sovereignty, Britain has developed a much more pragmatic and instrumental approach towards Europe than most of its partners on the continent.3Nevertheless, the country was a strong driving force in favor of integration in many crucial policy fields like the single market or trade policy. According to Alan Milward, the process of European integration entails “pooling” the sovereignty in order to protect national interests and extend national governments’ control of their own destinies. In Britain, contrary to the continent, national interests dictated a different line and it was only when exclusion from the Communities appeared to threaten them that the then British government began to accept the need for membership. The very different motivation behind British entry ensured that the British aims inside the Communities would be limited or “defensive”. The most controversial aspect of Britain’s membership of the EC has always related to “erosion” of its sovereignty.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 218-243
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What academic and other risks can be seen in a high level of dependence on state funding?
Analiza ryzyka związanego z wysokim uzależnieniem państwowego szkolnictwa wyższego od finansów publicznych na przykładzie Wielkiej Brytanii
Autorzy:
Tomassi, Suzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/415758.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-09
Wydawca:
Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
Tematy:
higher education
finance
government
Great Britain
szkolnictwo wyższe
finanse
państwo
Wielka Brytania
Opis:
It is widely accepted that individuals as well as society benefit from higher education, which is one of the most important elements in the UK Government policy. Higher education produces highly qualified people and as a result it increases the UK's economic development and international competitiveness. Unfortunately, it has not always been reflected in the UK policy on funding higher education. With the few exceptions the British higher education is mostly publicly funded and it has been heavily reliant on state funding for a long time. This paper examines the issue of the strong dependence on the state funds and potential risks it brings on higher education institutions. It is important to remember that the identified issues may vary from institution to institution and should be treated with caution
Szkolnictwo wyższe przynosi korzyści nie tylko osobom indywidualnym, ale i szeroko pojętemu społeczeństwu. Uczelnie wypuszczają wysoko wykwalifikowanych absolwentów, którzy zasilają rynek pracy, wspomagając tym rozwój ekonomiczny i rentowność kraju. Pomimo, że to przekonanie stanowi jeden z ważniejszych elementów polityki rządu Wielkiej Brytanii, nie do końca jest to odzwierciedlone w brytyjskim systemie finansowania szkolnictwa wyższego. Ten artykuł ma na celu analizę wysokiego uzależnienia brytyjskich uczelni od funduszy publicznych i potencjalnego ryzyka z tym związanego.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2009, 2(13) t. 1; 279-288
1506-2635
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Interests of Great Britain in the Conditions of the Modern Crisis of the European Security System
Autorzy:
Grybinko, Andriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
European security system
USA
NATO
EU
Russia
Ukraine,
military-political conflict
Great Britain
Opis:
Strategic approaches and interests of Great Britain in the conditions of the modern crisis of the European security system in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are analyzed in the article. The historical features of London’s policy on the subject of European integration in the field of security are discovered. The author concentrates attention on the reasons of the modern crisis of the European security system. There are revealed the forming factors and the main point of political positions of the EU, the US, NATO, and Great Britain in relation to the military-political aggression of Russia against Ukraine in 2014. The features of the European policy of the British government in the field of security and the strategic interests of Great Britain in the conditions of a renewal of the elements of bloc-civilization conflict are analyzed.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2015, 14(21); 67-83
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LOUIS MALLET IN THE CROSSHAIRS OF “THE TIMES”: CRITICISM OF ACTIONS OF THE BRITISH DIPLOMACY IN CONSTANTINOPLE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Autorzy:
Hrachov, Artem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2153622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-12
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Institute of History of Ukraine
Tematy:
Louis Mallet
Great Britain
Ottoman Empire
“The Times”
press
newspaper
diplomacy
foreign policy
Opis:
The article is devoted to the publication of “A Mortifying Disclosure” in the British newspaper “The Times” on August 24, 1917, with criticism of British foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire, in particular the actions of Louis Mallet, the British ambassador in Constantinople. The mentioned publication, as well as the discussion caused by it, are little covered in historiography. Much more information is provided by the primary sources, represented by the documents of the British National Archives (The National Archives, TNA), and also by the memoirs of the participants of researched events. In the mentioned article, Louis Mallet was criticized for short-sightedness and excessive credulity. According to the author of the publication, the Turkish grand vizier deceived the British ambassador, even when the choice of the Ottoman Empire in favor of entering the war on the side of the Central Powers became obvious. In turn, the fact that British diplomats failed to find out about the existence of the German-Turkish treaty became the basis for sharp criticism of the Foreign Office at all. In response to this publication, Louis Mallet spoke in defense of his actions in Constantinople. He was supported by other Foreign Office officials, including former Foreign Secretary Edward Grey. They argued that the Foreign Office was fully aware of the pro-German course of the Porte, but intended to delay the state of war with her as far as possible in order to prepare for the defense of Egypt, the Suez Canal and India. These circumstances led to the accommodating position of British diplomacy. The characteristics of both Mallet himself and the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Said Helim, are separately analyzed from the point of view of historiography and their contemporaries. Also the importance of the defense of India and Egypt, its importance as a key factor in shaping the course of British diplomacy was researched. Finally, the work contains the author's interpretations and evaluations of the analyzed events
Źródło:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings; 2022, 31; 242-254
2411-345X
2415-7198
Pojawia się w:
The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why During the Polish-Bolshevik War Did Soviet Propaganda Discourse Dominate European Public Opinion?
Autorzy:
Leinwand, Aleksandra Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Polska
Bolshevik Russia
Great Britain
Polish-Soviet War 1919–20
propaganda
Western public opinion
Opis:
In 1919–20, a war took place between two states that had emerged at the end of the Great War: Soviet Russia and the reborn Republic of Poland. It was a clash of widely different legal, political, and ideological systems. The conflict took place not only on the military and diplomatic planes but also within propaganda. Upon taking power in Russia, the Bolsheviks, in their official speeches, presented themselves to the world as the defenders of peace and the sovereignty of all nations; the imperial aspirations of Soviet Russia were hidden under the slogans of a world revolution that would liberate oppressed peoples. The military and ideological conquest began with a concentrated focus on neighbouring countries, including Poland. At the same time, a suggestive propaganda message was sent to the West, setting out the course of events from Moscow’s point of view.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2022, 124; 35-70
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 41

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