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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Reform of the EUs Own Revenues and Covering the Expenditures Incurred by the Corona Crisis
    Autorzy:
    Nevečeřalová, Nikol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
    Tematy:
    European tax
    law
    next-generation
    European stability mechanism
    budget
    Opis:
    This contribution focus on the revenue side of the EU budget, which consists of own resources, divided into traditional resources, income in the form of a share of value-added tax, and gross national income. On 21 July 2020, the European Council agreed on a multiannual financial framework for the period 2021-2027, and in response to the pandemic situation associated with Covid-19, a temporary recovery instrument for the next generation of the EU was agreed. At the same time, from which it was apparent that it is necessary to find new own resources for the EU, and how the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) could be used to the consequences of the corona crisis. The author will focus mainly on issues on the revenue side of the Union budget and the role of the ESM. Within the ongoing debates when the result was the coronavirus response the question arises of whether it would be appropriate and effective to introduce a common tax for the EU. The main aim of the contribution is to use the descriptive method, the method of analysis and synthesis the revenue side system of the EU budget, and the reform efforts that culminated in the reform of own resources. In the last part of the article, the author using a descriptive method on how the ESM was activated as one of the walls to maintain the stability of the euro area. Including the view of introducing a common European tax as a fiscal instrument to cover the expenditures (debt) incurred related to coronavirus response i.e. recovery instrument Next Generation.
    Źródło:
    Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 3; 115-127
    2299-6834
    Pojawia się w:
    Financial Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS OF THE EUROZONE COUNTRIES
    Autorzy:
    Miklaszewicz, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488828.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    sovereign debt
    crisis of the euro area
    EMU monetary policy
    European semester
    fiscal pact
    European stability mechanism
    Opis:
    The aim of the publication is to examine the fiscal position of the euro area countries and fiscal policy architecture in Europe after the outbreak of the financial and economic crisis started in 2008. The first part of the publication consists of the analyses of the budgetary situation of euro area countries and complications with the increasing costs of servicing the public debt in the European market affected by the financial liquidity crisis. In the second section the most important changes in the framework of budgetary policies coordination process in the euro zone are presented. The final section describes the role and activities of the European Central Bank in minimising the negative consequences of the debt crisis in the euro zone.
    Źródło:
    Oeconomia Copernicana; 2016, 7, 3; 357-373
    2083-1277
    Pojawia się w:
    Oeconomia Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The European system of financial supervision – regulatory impact assessment
    Autorzy:
    Szpringer, Mariusz
    Szpringer, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565664.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-10-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    European banking union
    European Central Bank
    Single Supervisory Mechanism
    Single Resolution Mechanism
    European Stability Mechanism Meroni, doctrine
    regulatory impact assessment
    Opis:
    Complexity and uncertainty in the application of the regulations of the European system of financial supervision are due to the fact that its particular elements were implemented over a period of time. First, it was a system of European financial supervision authorities i.e. the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and the Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), whose main objective was to coordinate national actions. Then there were established the European Banking Union, including the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), as well as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), which constitutes also a part of the system of support for endangered banks. Legal interpretation problems are a result of differences in the scope of competences of these entities. For example, there is uncertainty whether the regulations refer to the eurozone or the whole European Union and if they refer to banks only or to other financial institutions as well. An analysis of the SSM, the SRM or the ESM does not always offer a clear answer to questions such as: who, when and using what tools should act; when, for example, the ECB may and should correct the decisions of national supervisors; what is the role of the ESRB, if we take account of the enhanced competences of the ECB in the banking union; if and when banks may question supervisory decisions concerning, for example, establishing a buffer or classifying an institution as SIFI, etc. Similarly, the role of the EBA or the ESM is unclear in the context of the establishment of the banking union, the SSM, the SRM, the ESM and the delegation of power of the ECB and the European Commission to regulatory agencies (Meroni doctrine) or the practice of establishing regulatory agencies outside the bounds of the treaty (Pringle doctrine). Therefore the regulatory landscape in this context requires impact assessment.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2017, 2(8); 84-104
    2353-6845
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    International Political and Security Potential of Ukraine within the Baltic-Black Sea Region and Ukraine’s Participation in Regional Military-Political Cooperation and Integration Processes
    Autorzy:
    Panchuk, Roman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931294.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Baltic–Black Sea Union
    Intermarium
    geopolitical processes
    international cooperation
    external security
    European stability
    Russian expansion
    military power
    Opis:
    The article presents the Baltic-Black Sea region in the military-political dimension, as well as explores the potential benefits of this cooperation for European security. The study offers some important insights into the historical preconditions for the formation of the Union according to the Baltic-Black Sea Arc. This paper attempts to show the importance of international political and security potential of Ukraine and its influence on the formation of the Baltic-Black Sea Union. The Baltic-Black Sea Union is seen as an effective counterweight to Russia’s expansion into the West, whereby Ukraine could serve as a guarantor of European stability. The article analyzes opinions of international experts on the implementation of the Baltic-Black Sea Union, as well as compares the military power of potential members of the union with the military forces of advanced countries. This study provides an important opportunity to advance the understanding of the benefits for Union members and European countries and how the United States can help implement the idea of project. The analysis emphasizes the functions of the Baltic-Black Sea Union, potential NATO assistance and how the Union will ensure the stability of its forces in Europe. It is summarized why the countries of the Baltic-Black Sea arc can act as a guarantor of protection against Russian aggression.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2020, 1(25); 136-152
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Competition Law and State Aid for Failing Banks in the EU and its Specific Implications for CEE Member States
    Autorzy:
    Blazsek, Virag
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530389.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    EU Competition Law
    Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
    financial crisis
    State aid
    bank bailouts
    Eurozone
    sovereign debt
    European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
    Opis:
    The bank bailouts following the global financial crisis of 2008 have been subject to prior approval of the European Commission (EC), the competition authority of the European Union. The EC was reluctant to reject rescue efforts directed at failing banks and so it consistently approved all such requests submitted by Member States. Out of the top twenty European banks, the EC authorized State aid to at least twelve entities. In this context, the paper outlines the gradually changing interpretation of EU State aid rules, the “temporary and extraordinary rules” introduced starting from late 2008, and the extension of the “no-State aid” category. The above shifts show that the EC itself deflected from relevant EU laws in order to systemically rescue important banks in Europe and restore their financial stability. The paper argues that bank bailouts and bank rescue packages by the State have led to different effects on market structures and consumer welfare in the Eurozone and non-Eurozone areas, mostly the Eastern segments of the European Union. As such, it is argued that they are inconsistent with the European common market. Although the EC tried to minimize the distortion of competition created as a result of the aforementioned case law primarily through the application of the principle of exceptionality and different compensation measures, these efforts have been at least partially unsuccessful. Massive State aid packages, the preferential treatment of the largest, or systemically important, banks through EU State aid mechanisms – almost none of which are Central and Eastern European (CEE) – may have led to the distortion of competition on the common market. That is so mainly because of the prioritization of the stability of the financial sector and the Euro. The paper argues that State aid for failing banks may have had important positive effects in the short run, such as the promotion of the stability of the banking system and the Euro. In the long-run however, it has contributed to the unprecedented sovereign indebtedness in Europe, and contributed to an increased economic and political instability of the EU, particularly in its most vulnerable CEE segment.
    Les sauvetages bancaires consécutifs à la crise financière mondiale de 2008 ont été soumis à l'approbation préalable de la Commission européenne (CE), l'autorité de la concurrence de l'Union européenne. Les CE étaient réticentes à rejeter les efforts de sauvetage dirigés contre les banques défaillantes et ont donc approuvé de manière cohérente toutes les demandes présentées par les États membres. Sur les vingt premières banques européennes, la CE a autorisé des aides d'État au moins douze entités. Dans ce contexte le document souligne l'évolution progressive de l'interprétation des règles de l'UE en matière d'aides d'État, les « règles temporaires et extraordinaires » introduites à partir de la fin de 2008 et l'extension de la catégorie « sans aides d’État ». Les changements susmentionnés montrent que la CE elle-même a dévié des lois pertinentes de l'UE afin de sauver systématiquement d'importantes banques en Europe et de rétablir leur stabilité financière. L'article soutient que les plans de sauvetage bancaire et les plans de sauvetage bancaire de l'État ont eu des effets différents sur les structures du marché et sur le bien-être des consommateurs dans les zones de la zone euro et hors zone euro, principalement dans les segments orientaux de l'Union européenne. En tant que tel, il est soutenu qu'ils sont incompatibles avec le marché commun européen. Bien que les CE aient essayé de minimiser les distorsions de concurrence créées par la jurisprudence susmentionnée, principalement par l'application du principe d'exception et des mesures de compensation différentes, ces efforts ont été au moins partiellement infructueux. Les paquets massifs d'aides d'État, le traitement préférentiel des banques les plus importantes ou systématiquement importantes par le biais des mécanismes d'aide de l'UE - presque aucun d'Europe centrale et orientale (CEE) - ont entraîné une distorsion de concurrence sur le marché commun. Cela est dû principalement à la priorité accordée à la stabilité du secteur financier et de l'euro. Le document fait valoir que les aides d'État pour les banques en faillite peuvent avoir eu des effets positifs importants à court terme, comme la promotion de la stabilité du système bancaire et de l'euro. Toutefois, à long terme, elle a contribué à l'endettement souverain sans précédent en Europe et a contribué à accroître l'instabilité économique et politique de l'UE, en particulier dans son segment d'Europe centrale et orientale le plus vulnérable.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(14); 145-158
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lawfulness of the EU Economic Governance According to National and Supranational Case Law
    Legalność zarządzania gospodarczego w ue w krajowym i ponadnarodowym orzecznictwie
    Autorzy:
    JędrzejowskA-Schiffauer, Izabela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    EU/EMU economic governance
    European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
    Outright Monetary Transactions (OMTs)
    jurisprudence in Gauweiler
    zarządzanie gospodarcze w UE/UGW
    Europejski Mechanizm Stabilności (EMS)
    bezwarunkowe transakcje monetarne (OMTs)
    orzecznictwo w sprawie Gauweiler
    Opis:
    This contribution focuses on the legal narrative of the EU/EMU crisis management providing an outlook on the new EU economic governance framework from the perspective of national and supranational (Court of Justice of the EU, CJEU) case law. The author first briefly outlines the major developments in the EU economic and fiscal governance vis-à-vis the financial and sovereign debt crises, followed by the analysis of legal questions central to ESM emergency fund (Pringle Case) and OMT bond-buying programme (Gauweiler). The author contends that the discussed economic and monetary policy measures, although subjected to heated political, economic and most notably legal polemics, have not only gone relatively smoothly through the legality review at the supranational level, but also – as was to be expected – have come out intact and lawful in the national case law. The discussed new mode of governance, to the ipso iure institutionalisation of which the European courts contribute, will constitute a complex legacy of the financial and euro-crises, the historic and democratic legitimacy of which remains, so far, an open question.
    Niniejszy artykuł przybliża prawne zagadnienia dotyczące zarządzania gospodarczego w UE i strefie euro w dobie kryzysu finansowego i gospodarczego. Omówiono nowe unijne ramy zarządzania gospodarczego z punktu widzenia orzecznictwa krajowego i ponadnarodowego (Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, TSUE). W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze instrumenty zarządzania gospodarczego stosowane w sytuacji kryzysu finansowego i zadłużeniowego. Następnie poddano analizie zagadnienia prawne kluczowe dla Europejskiego Mechanizmu Stabilności, EMS (orzecznictwo w sprawie Pringle) oraz bezwarunkowych transakcji monetarnych Eurosystemu na wtórnych rynkach obligacji skarbowych, OMT (orzecznictwo w sprawie Gauweiler). Omawiane instrumenty polityki gospodarczej i pieniężnej, choć stanowiące przedmiot intensywnej dyskusji na płaszczyźnie politycznej, gospodarczej oraz, co najważniejsze, prawnej nie tylko stosunkowo gładko przeszły przez kontrolę legalności na szczeblu ponadnarodowym, lecz także – jak można było zakładać na podstawie dotychczasowej praktyki orzeczniczej – ich wykładnia przez sądy krajowe, gdzie sprawy były zawisłe, była również przychylna. Omawiany nowy sposób zarządzania gospodarczego, w którego instytucjonalizacji ipso iure europejskie sady maja swój udział, będzie stanowił skomplikowaną spuściznę kryzysu finansowego i gospodarczego, a jego legitymacja demokratyczna i dziejowa pozostaje na chwilę obecną otwarta.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2016, CI; 53-69
    0081-6841
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The concept of sustainable finance of enterprises versus venture capital
    Autorzy:
    Pyka, Irena
    Pyka, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929203.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    venture capital
    prudential regulations
    capital adequacy
    sustainable enterprise
    sustainable finance
    solvency ratios
    European Stability Mechanism
    kapitał wysokiego ryzyka
    regulacja rynku finansowego
    adekwatność kapitałowa
    zrównoważone przedsiębiorstwo
    zrównoważone finanse
    współczynniki wypłacalności
    europejski mechanizm stabilności
    Opis:
    Purpose: The article refers to actions undertaken by the global environment1 in the 21st century in favour of sustainable development, basically concentrating on the agreement defined as sustainable finance, the assumptions of which appeared as a result of the Climate Summit in Katowice in 2018. The principal objective of the article is to expose the interdependencies that result from the assumptions of sustainable finance and venture capital, which have been increasing after the global financial crisis, due to strengthening of financial stability as a social good of the contemporary global economy, based on sustainable development formula. Design/methodology/approach: The realisation of this objective encompasses several grounds. The first concerns facultative financing of the effects of risk in enterprises and public organisations. The second relates to identification of venture capital in credit and insurance institutions, as well as investment companies. The third one, however, focuses on principles and instruments for financing sustainable investments outlined in the concept of sustainable finance. Findings: It is indicated in the study, that venture capital in the EU economy increases mainly as a result of rigorous regulatory discipline in financial institutions and the concept of sustainable finance will strengthen the observed trend. Originality/value: The paper contains analysis, which should be of great value for academics and practitioners, especially for those who occupy managerial positions.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2020, 147; 223-236
    1641-3466
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The relationship between distance-to-default and CDS spreads as measures of default risk for European banks
    Autorzy:
    Ristolainen, Kim
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    financial stability
    European banks
    distance-to-default
    credit default swap
    lead-lag
    relationship
    Opis:
    CDS spreads are often seen as the ’leading’ market based, default risk measure. There is no popular alternative to CDS spreads except perhaps for the distance-to-default (D2D) measure based on Merton (1974), which comes very close to it. In this paper, we investigate the correlation and short-term dynamics between these two measures for large European banks with a data panel spanning from 1/2006 to 12/2013. The analysis makes use of conventional Granger causality test statistics for individual banks and for the whole panel data. As regards the results, we found that the lead-lag relationship between these highly related variables varies over time, over different banks, and over economic regimes. The lead of D2D is signifi cantly stronger for banks that are smaller relative to the other banks in the sample, banks in problem countries (PIIGS), after global financial crises, during market turmoil, and for banks with poor credit quality indicated by a high CDS spread. These results and the fact that D2D can be calculated for every bank quoted on the stock exchange suggests that D2D is a promising alternative to the CDS spread in default risk assessment of banks.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2016, 1(5); 121-143
    2353-6845
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The European Union’s strategy on Afghanistan. Selected Issues
    Strategia Unii Europejskiej wobec Afganistanu. Wybrane problemy
    Autorzy:
    Sabawoon, Mirza
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619389.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Afghanistan
    stability
    strategy
    European Union
    democracy
    human rights
    security
    Taliban European Union’s strategy on Afghanistan
    Afganistan
    stabilizacja
    strategia
    Unia Europejska
    demokracja
    prawa człowieka
    bezpieczeństwo
    talibowie
    Opis:
    Zamach na World Trade Center z 11 września 2001 roku był dowodem na zwiększające się zagrożenie terrorystyczne dla USA, ale również dla Unii Europejskiej. Nie dziwi zatem, że UE zaczęła walczyć z terroryzmem również poza jej własnym obszarem. Afganistan stanowił na tyle duże zagrożenie, że wspólnota europejska zdecydowała się na czynny udział najpierw w wojnie z talibami, a następnie w misji pokojowej na tamtym terenie. Artykuł pozwala prześledzić ewolucję zaangażowania Unii Europejskiej w pomoc Afganistanowi, w sprawę demokratyzacji, odbudowy kraju i jego struktur, stworzenia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz poprawę jakości życia. Pochylono się też nad zapisami najnowszej strategii UE dla Afganistanu z 2017 roku, która najsilniejszy nacisk kładzie na kwestie przestrzegania praw człowieka, zwiększenia roli kobiet w życiu społecznym oraz zapewnieniu pokoju i stabilności w regionie.
    The attack on the World Trade Center of September 11, 2001 evidenced a growing terrorist threat to the US, as well as to the European Union. It is not surprising then that the EU started to combat terrorism abroad. Afghanistan posed such a large threat that the European community decided to actively participate in the war with the Taliban, and then in a peace mission in that area. The article analyzes the evolution of the European Union’s commitment to helping Afghanistan, democratization, reconstruction of the country and its structures, creation of civil society and improvement of the quality of life. The tenets of the latest EU strategy for Afghanistan in 2017 are also considered, which put the strongest emphasis on the issues of respect for human rights, increasing the role of women in social life and ensuring peace and stability in the region.
    Źródło:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2019, 3; 181-194
    1731-7517
    Pojawia się w:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Causes of the outbreak of the eurozone crises: the role of the USA and the European Central Bank monetary polic
    Autorzy:
    Białek, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599513.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
    Tematy:
    global financial crisis
    monetary policy
    monetary union
    eurozone
    European Central Bank
    Stability and Growth Pact
    euro crisis
    fiscal union
    Opis:
    This paper argues that the loose monetary policy of two of the world’s most important financial institutions—the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and the European Central Bank—were ultimately responsible for the outburst of global financial crisis of 2008-09. Unusually low interest rates in 2001- 05 compelled investors to engage in high risk endeavors. It also encouraged some governments to finance excessive domestic consumption with foreign loans. Emerging financial bubbles burst first in mortgage markets in the U.S. and subsequently spread to other countries. The paper also reviews other causes of the crisis as discussed in literature. Some of them relate directly to weaknesses inherent in the institutional design of the European Monetary Union (EMU) while others are unique to members of the EMU. It is rather striking that recommended remedies tend not to take into account the policies of the European Central Bank.
    Źródło:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2015, 11, 2; 47-63
    1734-039X
    Pojawia się w:
    Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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