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Tytuł:
The Security Council and the Obligation to Prevent Genocide and War Crimes
Autorzy:
Zimmermann, Andreas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Security Council
Geneva Convention
Genocide Convention
genocide
war crime
Opis:
This article addresses the question of the obligations of both the Security Council as such, as well of its individual members (including the five permanent members), when faced with genocide or in situations where violations of the Geneva Conventions are being committed, given that the contracting parties of the Genocide Convention are under a positive obligation to prevent genocide and are under an obligation to secure respect for the provisions of the Geneva Conventions.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 307-314
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The continental shelf in the law of the sea conventions of 1958 and 1982 and the principal of natural prolongation
Autorzy:
Wasilewski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920339.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Instytut Morski w Gdańsku
Tematy:
continental shelf
Geneva Convention
Opis:
The subject of the paper is the evolution of the concept of the continental shelf in international law, shown in the context of natural prolongation of the land territory of a coastal state co-creating this concept. The starting point for the analysis are the determinations of such specialised disciplines of science as: geography, oceanography and geology, and in consequence a possibly accurate topographic description of the sea and ocean floor, determination of the most important physiographic zones and of their characteristic features. This, only formally distinguished, but treated as one whole for meritoric and structural reasons three-element sequence, formed in the order: continental shelf in geographic/physical approach - continental slope -foot of continental slope, forms a common topographic feature called the continental margin. However, the reconstruction of the continental shelf concept in international law is not limited only to the description and characteristic of the continental margin in the horizontal plane. Appropriately to the needs of the paper, and to the extent the competence of the Author allowed, the margin is also described in the vertical dimension, i.e. going deeper into the essence of the natural factor, contained basically in the geomorphologic and geologic structure of the main physiographic provinces forming the continental margin. Such a view of the above problem allowed to obtain knowledge of motivations and of various arguments forming the essence and reach of the external limit of the continental shelf in the Geneva Convention on the continental shelf of I958, called further in text the GC IV ( I958). However, most important was to show and prove the thesis that it was the natural factor that dictated and shaped stipulations in international law with respect to the discussed subject, and that this factor played an extremely important role in the evolution and development of the continental shelf concept during the period after CG IV ( I958) was adopted. The principle, contained in the ITJ ruling on the continental shelf of the North Sea that the continental shelf is a natural prolongation of the territory of a coastal state, the natural prolongation principle, was well substantiated by the geomorphology and geophysical characteristics of the continental margin. This principle was also of primary importance for the shaping of the concept of the continental shelf and of its external boundary in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, called below UNCLOS (1982).
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku; 1998, 25, 2; 15-32
1230-7424
2450-5536
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Historical Situations” in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
Autorzy:
Kaminski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
EUROPEAN CONVENTION
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
THE CONVENTION
THE COURT
Opis:
This Article investigates how the European Court of Human Rights becomes competent to make decisions in cases concerning (or taking roots in) 'historical situations' preceding the ratification of the European Convention by a given Member State or even the enactment of the Convention. 'Historical situations' refer to events that occurred in the period of Second World War or shortly thereafter. In all such cases, the preliminary question arises whether the Court is competent temporally (ratione temporis) to deal with the application. This group of cases concerned usually allegations touching upon the right to life and the right to property. The Court had to decide if the allegation in question related to a temporally closed event (making the Court not competent) or rather to a continuous violation (where the Court could adjudicate). A specific set of legal questions arose vis-a-vis the right to life, first of all that of the autonomy of the procedural obligation to conduct an efficient investigation. The Strasbourg case law did not provide a clear answer. However, following two crucial judgements rendered by the Grand Chamber, the Court has established an interesting legal framework. Article analyses also two other situations having a historical dimension: bringing to justice those accused of war crimes or other crimes under international law (in light of the alleged conflict with the principle of nullum crimes sine lege) and pursuing authors of pro-Nazi statements or speech denying the reality of Nazi atrocities.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 9-60
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International antiterrorist conventions concerning the safety of air transport
Międzynarodowe konwencje antyterrorystyczne dotyczące bezpieczeństwa transportu lotniczego
Autorzy:
Barcik, J.
Czech, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
transport lotniczy
bezpieczeństwo transportu lotniczego
konwencje antyterrorystyczne
Konwencja Chicagowska
Konwencja Tokijska
Konwencja Haska
Konwencja Montrealska
air transport
safety in air transport
antiterroristic conventions
Chicago Convention
Tokyo Convention
Hague Convention
Montreal Convention
Opis:
In this article the international law regulations are presented concerning the civilian safety of the air transport. The history concerning air terrorism and international antiterrorist conventions was described in detail, involving The Chicago Convention, The Tokyo Convention, The Hague Convention and Montreal Convention.
W artykule przedstawiono międzynarodowe regulacje prawne związane z bezpieczeństwem cywilnym transportu lotniczego. Szczegółowo opisano historię dotyczącą terroryzmu lotniczego oraz międzynarodowych konwencji antyterrorystycznych, tj. Konwencji Chicagowskiej, Konwencji Tokijskiej, Konwencji Haskiej oraz Konwencji Montrealskiej.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2008, 3, 1; 51-56
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neutralization of CMR documents
Autorzy:
Cheu, Kelvin
Poliak, Miloš
Tomicová, Jana
Gnap, Jozef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
CMR convention
contract
transport
carriage
neutralization
Opis:
In 1956, there was an important step in international road freight transport. The CMR Convention, the main purpose of which was to unify the rules for the international transport of goods and thereby promote the development of international trade, was concluded. From a practical point of view, this is of great importance to both carriers and transporters. Similarly, this Convention describes the most important document for the carriage of goods and that is the consignment note CMR. In recent times, the term neutralization has been used in conjunction with this document in transport. We want to clarify the importance of this word in transport. The aim is also to find out to what extent carriers have real experience with CMR neutralization and when transporting what kind of goods the most frequent neutralization of documents is used. The purpose of this contribution is to explain what the term neutralization in transport means, because there is no legal regulation or norm to define it. This term is used mainly in chemistry. Furthermore, we would like to verify the hypothesis that the neutralization of consignment note CMR is actually used in international road freight transport and whether neutralization is only used for a particular type of goods, such as electronics. To verify the hypotheses we conducted a survey at the carriers.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 83, 1; 175-184
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Protection of the Fundamental Rights of the Child in the Light of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Ochrona podstawowych praw dziecka w świetle Afrykańskiej Karty Praw i Dobrobytu Dziecka
Autorzy:
Diallo, Boubacar Sidi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15840540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
human right
child
convention
region
UA
UN
Opis:
The adoption of a binding international treaty on the rights of the child is presented by practitioners and researchers as a “revolution”, marking the transition from the legal status of the child as a subject of the right, to a full actor of rights protection. For the fundamental rights of the child not to remain merely theoretical, but to become concrete and meaningful, it is important to provide them with effective judicial protection. This issue is more than ever topical, with the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child establishing a procedure for the submission of communications, which entered into force on 14 April 2014. This new Optional Protocol gives children the right to appeal to the Committee on the Rights of the Child when the rights protected by the Convention and its firsttwo protocols are violated. The purpose of this brief study is to analyze the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Charter), adopted in 1990, which is the firstregional legal text for children specificallyand as such unique, since no other region in the world has so far developed such a protection mechanism.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 49; 175-184
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The implementation of the Malta Convention in The Netherlands: historical context and current practice
Autorzy:
Bringmans, Patrick
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Malta Convention
archaeological heritage management
The Netherlands
Opis:
The Netherlands signed the so-called ‘Malta Convention’ in 1992. This event marked the start of major changes in the archaeological sector in The Netherlands. Prior to 2001 only the national government, universities and local municipalities were permitted to perform archaeological excavations. However, in 2001 new temporary rules were introduced allowing commercial archaeological companies to conduct archaeological fieldwork under certain conditions. The entire Archaeological Heritage Management Cycle in The Netherlands consists of a process of stepwise intensification of archaeological work. Excavations (= preservation ex situ) will only be performed if a valuable archaeological site cannot be preserved underground (= preservation in situ). The number of commercial archaeological companies licensed to perform archaeological fieldwork grew steadily over the years. These companies perform a growing proportion of desk research and fieldwork, now accounting for almost 90% of all archaeological research carried out in The Netherlands. In the year 2017, there were 4,225 archaeological projects registered in The Netherlands.
Źródło:
Raport; 2018, 13; 209-215
2300-0511
Pojawia się w:
Raport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law
Autorzy:
Ledwoń, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
mercenary
military service
Geneva Convention
armed conflicts
Opis:
The article analyses the phenomenon of mercenalism, it focuses on the historical background and the origin of mercenaries from ancient times, throughout medieval period to modern times in the context of usage of mercenaries, the forms of military conficts as well as factors favoring their occurrence as warriors. The article describes the most signifcant international legal acts concerning mercenaries and examine the elements of the present legal defnition of mercenary found in Additional Protocol I to Geneva Convention presenting weaknesses of the regulation and proves that in fact mercenary is able to avoid responsibility for his illegal actions.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2013, 9(9); 100-111
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paramount clause in the international transport of goods by road and rail
Klauzula paramount w drogowym i kolejowym międzynarodowym transporcie towarów
Autorzy:
Garnowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
transport law
CMR Convention
CIM Convention
paramount clause
prawo przewozowe
Konwencja CMR
Konwencja CIM
klauzula paramount
Opis:
The paramount clause is the particular in the consignment note drawn during the performance of international carriage of goods by road and rail, according to which the carriage is subject to the provisions of applicable convention, notwithstanding any clause to the contrary. Inclusion of the entry is one of the carrier’s obligations, which in practice is not always performed. In the article the author describes the consequences of the lack of such particular and indicates situations in which the carrier may be held liable for the damage caused by this omission. However, the author eventually presents the view that due to the serious evidential difficulties it would be unlikely to obtain damages for the failure to include the paramount clause.
Klauzula paramount stanowi wzmiankę umieszczaną w liście przewozowym sporządzanym w związku z realizacją międzynarodowego przewozu drogowego i kolejowego, zgodnie z którą przewóz ma podlegać przepisom danej konwencji niezależnie od jakichkolwiek przeciwnych klauzul. Umieszczenie tej wzmianki stanowi jeden z obowiązków przewoźnika, który w praktyce nie zawsze jest jednak realizowany. W artykule autor omawia konsekwencje braku takiej wzmianki i wskazuje na sytuacje, w których przewoźnik może ponosić odpowiedzialność za skutki tego zaniechania. Ostateczne autor dochodzi jednak do wniosku, że w praktyce uzyskanie odszkodowania w związku z nieumieszczeniem klauzuli paramount byłoby trudne ze względu na poważne problemy dowodowe.
Źródło:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki; 2018, 43, 3; 139-146
1644-275X
2353-3005
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Treaty Interpretation by the Polish Administrative Courts: A Case Study of the Interpretation of the 1972 Prague Convention
Autorzy:
Zaręba, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
1972 Prague Convention
Polish practice in international law
VCLT
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Opis:
This article analyses the practice of the Polish administrative courts with respect to application of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, based on a case study of the judgment of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw of 6 May 2014 (case no. II SA/Wa 117/14), which concerned the recognition of distance learning degrees awarded by Ukrainian universities pursuant to the 1972 Prague Convention. It is argued herein that the reasoning of the court suffers from four major drawbacks: 1) it is at variance with the text, object and purpose of the Prague Convention; 2) it does not take into account the practice in the application of that treaty; 3) it misinterprets the silence of the preparatory work to the Prague Convention on certain issues; and 4) it is inconsistent with international judicial decisions as regards the interpretation of the “special meaning” of one of the terms used in the Convention.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 285-301
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asymmetric Warfare – Not every war has to end?
Autorzy:
Petener, Zrinko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-27
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
war
asymmetric warfare
terrorism
International humanitarian law
Hague
Convention
Geneva Convention
Al Qaeda
Islamic State
Daesh
Caliphate
Opis:
The study of warfare, throughout its history, as well as efforts to legally regulate the resort to war and the conduct of war, were concentrated exclusively on one form of warfare - interstate conflict. Only since the terrorist attacks on Washington and New York in 2001 and the following ‘Global War on Terrorism’ has a discussion on a potentially new kind of warfare - asymmetric warfare - moved into the spotlight. Despite all the scientific attention, the concept of asymmetric warfare remains undefined or ill-defined until today, resulting in a proliferation of its use and limiting its value. Hence, restraint in the use of the term is necessary, in order to reinforce its analytical value and applicability. Defining asymmetric warfare as a conflict among opponents who are so different in their basic features that comparison of their military power is rendered impossible, is such an attempt to limit the term to a substantially new form of warfare, witnessed in a conflict that is often commonly called the Global War on Terrorism. The past two years, since the upsurge of the so-called Islamic State to the forefront of the salafi jihadi movement, have witnessed a significant change in this war. Superficial analysis could lead to the conclusion that the proclamation of the Islamic Caliphate on the territories of Iraq and Syria (for now) seems to have recalibrated this conflict into traditional inter- state war again, making the concept of asymmetric warfare obsolete and diminishing it into just a short-term aberration in the history of warfare. Nothing could be further from the truth. The enemy in the Global War on Terrorism was and remains a global and territorially unrestricted ideological movement whose numbers cannot even be estimated, which fights its battles wherever it chooses to, and whose ultimate goal is the annihilation of the international system of sovereign states, not the creation of a new state within this system. The Islamic Caliphate in its current boundaries is nothing more than the “model Islamic state”, as envisioned by Osama bin Laden in his 1996 fatwa as part of Al Qaeda’s 200 year plan for the establishment of God’s Islamic World Order. This grand strategy is the guiding blueprint of the salafi jihad that is waged against the Westphalian state system in a war that is truly asymmetric. We have to adjust to this strategic asymmetry if we are to prevail in this struggle, fighting a long war against an indefinable enemy on battlefields that are still unknown.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 11, 2; 30-44
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Performative Aspects of Metaphor: The Metaphorization of Silence between Intentionality and Conventionality
Autorzy:
Gołębiewska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
metaphor
silence
performative theory
intention
convention
normativeness
Opis:
Metaphor, as is known, has been considered an expression of the creative approach of a subject to language and thinking. Metaphor enables the subject of cognition and action to establish meaning – the subject exercises semiosis not only by referring to the former convention and the situational context, but also by transforming it due to the distinct act of turning the metaphor into an instrument of expression. The innovative character of metaphor allows one to consider it in the context of performative theory, whereas its receptive, evocative character requires interpretation from the recipient. In both cases, metaphor in acts of communication, opens their participants towards specific expressions – performative expression in the case of individual semantic innovation, and receptive expression in the case of the interpretation of former metaphors. The specific example of silence, considered as a kind of metaphor within the frameworks of the performative theory, is the subject-matter of the paper. The basic question of the paper, referring to John L. Austin’s speech act theory and to his followers, is related to the source of the aforementioned metaphorization – to what degree is it an intention of language users, and to what degree is it a language convention which allows one to combine words and establish new associations metaphorically? In his pragmatic concept of meaning, Austin stresses the role of the context of an utterance – the situational context may also enable the establishment of metaphor as a figure of speech that dynamizes and moves our thinking.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2019, 3, 4(10); 5-20
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why violence against women is such politically controversial issue? The Polish struggle to ratify the Istanbul Convention
Autorzy:
Grzyb, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Gender-based violence
Violence Against Women
Istanbul Convention
Opis:
Gender-based violence and Violence Against Women is well known and empirically documented phenomenon that nowadays in criminology and human rights’ discourse does not raises any doubt. Gender-based violence in every of its each manifestation is a good example of cultural violence. Yet it took feminists and human rights advocates several years to have VAW and domestic violence recognized by public authorities as matter of public concern and action.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2013, 20; 74-77
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Centenarian Weird Fiction from Providence in Contemporary Poland. Translational Models and the Reception of Short Stories by Howard Phillips Lovecraft – the Case Study of Dagon
Autorzy:
Luboń, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
translational convention
translational reception
weird fiction
horror novel
Opis:
The article discusses the conventional models and translation techniques, which are most common among the Polish translators of the weird fiction by Howard Phillips Lovecraft. The proposed classification of such models, aimed at either “popularisation,” “stereotypisation” or “revision” of Lovecraft’s short stories, presents the impact of extra-textual factors (vision of the writer, target group of readers, cultural and political influences) on the content, language and style of translated works by the American author. The comparative analysis takes into consideration one of the early short stories by Lovecraft, Dagon (1917), and its Polish versions by Arnold Mostowicz (1973), Robert Lipski (1994) and Maciej Płaza (2012).
Źródło:
Tematy i Konteksty; 2020, 1; 311-334
2299-8365
Pojawia się w:
Tematy i Konteksty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bridge Ergonomic Design: A Review
Autorzy:
Stopa, M.
Szłapczyński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigational bridge equipment
SOLAS convention
ergonomics criteria for bridge equipment
ergonomics criteria
bridge equipment
bridge instruments
STCW convention
bridge design
Opis:
Human error remains the most common cause of marine incidents and it is worth emphasizing that navigator’s performance is directly affected by ergonomic factors on the bridge. Studies regarding influence of bridge design and work environment on the operator are rare, thus the main purpose of this paper is to fill in this gap. Documents issued by recognized organizations, research publications and additional sources were reviewed to check if navigators obtain enough support in this area and what should be improved. It was found that present ergonomic guidelines for the bridge design require revision and there is a need for making the regulations more meaningful and direct. The main documents that require reworking include Guidelines on Ergonomics Criteria for Bridge Equipment and Layout, International Convention of Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) as well as selected parts of SOLAS V/15 regulation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 701--707
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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